ΣΕΛΙΔΑ 1 new - elemko.gr · • earthing systems of common and special structures such as...

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ELEMKO reserves the right to modify, add or remove any information included in this catalogue, if necessary. Every updated version of the catalogue automatically cancels all the previous ones.Photographs of the products are indicative.This catalogue has been compiled only to provide information of our products and their applications and in any case does not form a contract.The company assumes no liability for loss or damage which may be caused by incorrect implementation regarding the use of the products included in this catalogue. ELEMKO company assumes no responsibility for any misprints in this catalogue.

Meet ELEMKO

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2.930.000 €

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EN - ISO/ IEC 17025.

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HISTORY

Year of 1973 was the start of a successful route for our company with main object the:

Global Solutions of Lightning Protection Covering:

• Protection of structures and buildings against direct lightning strike

• Surge Overvoltage Protection of electrical & electronic systems• Earthing Systems

Over the years, ELEMKO has acquired fundamental know-how, experience and specialisation in the protection of people, structures and equipment with high specifications and demands against the catastrophic consequences of lightning.

All the above strong arms are coupled with strong financial fundamental, the sensitivity and insistence on quality, the passion and love of the people who staffed, the continuous update on all developments that concern our matters, the constant training of personnel, the transfer of knowledge and experiences to the world through technical seminars and technical books, leading developments and creating lasting relationships of trust.

The company's share capital amounts to 2.930.000€, making ELEMKO among the most financially powerful companies in Europe in our field.

ELEMKO's premises of 3.600 sqm in which houses all the services and activities are 24.067 sqm private land. Specifically, the company is headquartered in Metamorphosis, in Attica, while in Thiva is the "Research Center for tests and Developments" , which is the largest ELEMKO's investment carried out exclusively by Elemko' s funds. Research Center for tests and Developments of our company is one of the four in all Europe and has been accredited according to standards EN - ISO/ IEC 17025.In Thessaloniki takes place a branch of the company, to serve the needs of our customers in Northern Greece more directly.

ELEMKO's experience for more than 40 years • The scientific and technical knowledge of ELEMKO's staff that

have been acquired through continuous training.• The results of the research we carry out at ELEMKO's Testing

and Certification Research Center• ELEMKO's long lasting cooperation with university and

private research centers in Greece, France, Belgium, Switzerland, the USA and the UK.

• The adoption and strict implementation of European and International Standards on Lightning Protection Components, Surge Protection Devices, Earthing

• The adherence to the procedures of the ISO 9001• The accreditation of ELEMKO's laboratory according to

Standard EN-ISO/IEC 17025

ELEMKO designs and studies comply strictly with the current Euro-pean and International Standards. Frequently heralded as pioneering, with a number of them having been presented at International scientific conferences, they include:• Protection of common and special structures from lightning such as Wind Farms and Photovoltaic installations

GUARANTEE

DESIGNS & STUDIES

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ISO 9001.

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• Surge Overvoltage Protection of electrical and electronic systems• Surge Overvoltage Protection of telecommunications and

telemetry systems• Earthing Systems of common and special structures such as Wind Farms and Photovoltaic installations• Earthing Systems of Substations according to Standards IEEE std

80 and IEEEstd 81• Financial / technical studies of interrelated projects• The drawing up of technical specification of offers

ELEMKO’s engineers are always available to help you choose the most appropriate technical and financial solution: • Behind every telephone call you make• At your worksite• At your facilities• In your building

Everybody is here to help you.

Applied European and International Standards require the regular inspection of installed Lightning Protection Systems (internal and external) and Surge Protection Systems, depending on the required level of protection for the structure, to guarantee their readiness and reliability.

The inspection involve checking:• That the system satisfies applied Standards• That the system components are in good condition and adhere to

existing Standards• That any new parts of the building are covered by the existing

system• That surge overvoltage protection equipment is in good condition• That new machinery which has been installed is protected against

surge overvoltage

Inspections are carried out by ELEMKO’s highly trained engineers and technicians, who have a complete knowledge of the applied Standards for Lightning Protection Systems and many years of experience in designing and installing them. They use highly accurate measuring instruments and devices that are regularly calibrated at special laboratories.

Project supervision by ELEMKO means constantly checking that the design is properly followed and adhered to, and that the appropriate materials and equipment are used as laid down in European and

International Standards, thus ensuring the reliability of the Lightning Protection System, the Surge Protection System and the Earthing Systems.Project supervision by our company guarantees quality, reliability and durability.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

INSPECTION

PROJECT SUPERVISION

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4

Introduction

The target of the present catalogue is to become a useful tool for every designer, installer and project supervisor in order to select, install and use the appropriate product to provide maximum safety and protection against surge overvoltages.

The present catalogue is divided into four main parts, in more detail each part contain:

Part A: Surge protective devices SPDs connected to power systems Medium voltage surge arresters, industrial type SPDs, low voltage SPDs, DC surge protectors

Part B: Surge protective devices SPDs connected to information technology systems SPDs for analogue and digital systems, SPDs for telecommunication systems, SPDs for RF applications, SPDs for combined protection

Part C: Equipotential bonding and Isolation Spark Gaps ISGsDirect equipotential bonding, equipotential bonding through isolation spark gaps, explosion proof isolation spark gaps, SPDs inspection instruments

Part D: Shielding techniques against electromagnetic fieldsShielded cable trays, shielded panels, electromagnetic shielding against high AC/DC currents

All the products which are described in the present catalogue fulfil the requirements of the latest editions of the valid European (EN), International (IEC) and National (ELOT) standards.

The main reason of preparing this catalogue specifically for surge protection arrives from the issue of the new European and International series of standards EN / IEC 62305, which describe the design requirements for a lightning protection system and in particular the standard EN / IEC 62305 - 4 which outlines the design requirements for the internal lightning protection system including surge protection.

In conjunction with the new series of design standards there where made major amendments to the series of standards describing testing requirements for components and devices that are used in a lightning and surge protection system so that both design and testing standards are inline with each other.

In particular there are amendments to the European series of standards EN 50164 (testing requirements for components used in external lightning protection and equipotential bonding) as well as in EN 61643 series of standards (testing requirements of power and telecom surge protective devices).

ELEMKO SA as always is 100% inline with the new requirements of the standards and we are ready to perform training and to update all our customers to the new standards. Additionally ELEMKO SA has a complete range of products fit for every purpose that might be required according to the new needs.

At the technical introduction of the present catalogue the reader can find useful information regarding the application and selection principles of surge protection devices. However for more detailed information the reader should refer to the European and International series of standards EN / IEC 62305.

Additionally ELEMKO SA has issued technical guides fully updated to the new standards, which translate in a simpler manner the standard requirements by giving information on how the user can achieve the desired result as well as to how select the appropriate product by outlining numerous application examples fitting the needs of design engineers, installers and project supervisors.

ÁÐÁÃÙÃÏÉ ÊÑÏÕÓÔÉÊÙÍ ÕÐÅÑÔÁÓÅÙÍ SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICESA

5

ÁÐÁÃÙÃÏÉ ÊÑÏÕÓÔÉÊÙÍ ÕÐÅÑÔÁÓÅÙÍ SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES

Introduction to surge protection

Overvoltages may be generated out of various sources, which will consequently have different characteristics and therefore they may require different protection measures. Figure 1 describes the most common overvoltages. The aim of most of the products that are included in the present catalogue is to reduce switching and lightning overvoltages. The temporary overvoltages are generated by poor quality of the power supply and have long duration (ms…s). They are generally controlled by voltage stabilizers, UPS etc. The switching and the lightning overvoltages are known as surge overvoltages and they are characterised by short duration ( s) and high absolute values (kV). They can be limited by using surge protective devices. Surge overvoltages caused by a lightning discharge are the most destructive and they are also the most difficult to be controlled.

Damages caused by lightning discharges

A lightning strike may cause serious damage to an electrical installation, which may lead up to a complete destruction of it as it can be seen in Figure 2. One of the main factors responsible for the size of the damage is the peak current and the waveshape of the lightning discharge. Lightning is a natural current source. The flow of the lightning current generates mainly either by resistive or inductive coupling the surge overvoltages.

Lightning strokes as a natural phenomenon can not be identical with each other since the energy and the shape of them may be different each time.

However after long investigation and field measurements it has been accepted to consider the peak lightning current to have a value of 200kA and a waveshape of 10/350 s [EN / IEC 62305 - 1, 2006].

. 1 -

.

. (ms…s)

, UPS .

( s)

(kV) .

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2.

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200kA

10/350 s [ 62305 - 1, 2006].

1: Figure 1: Common overvoltages

A

Nominal operating voltage

TOV – Temporary Overvoltages

Switching overvoltages

Lightning overvoltages

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3

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6

Causes of lightning surge overvoltages

Whether there is a direct or indirect lightning discharge on a structure it may cause imme-diate or gradual damage to the electrical and electronic circui-try that the structure is equipped with. Figure 3 illustrates the main causes of generating surge overvoltages either due to direct or indirect lightning strikes. Direct lightning strike is consi-dered to be the one which strikes on the structure or on an incom-ing conductive supply network (i.e. Electricity, Telecom) and indirect are considered the

nearby lightning strikes either near to the structure or near to incoming conductive supply network and also cloud to cloud lightning. Considering them with respect to the damage that they can cause first is the direct lightning strikes followed by the nearby stroke and the cloud to cloud lightning.

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3: Figure 3: Damage to electrical and electronic circuits due to direct and indirect lightning strikes

– Cloud to Cloud lightning

Direct lightning strike


Lightning on incoming services

Nearby lightning

2: Figure 2: Total damage of an electrical installation due to lightning strike

A

7

ÁÐÁÃÙÃÏÉ ÊÑÏÕÓÔÉÊÙÍ ÕÐÅÑÔÁÓÅÙÍ SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES A

4: Figure 4: Lightning current distribution to the incoming conductive lines of a structure

IEC 61643-12 ( ) 50%

50% ( ) s

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(I ) i

I = I /n, n . i s

(n = 3) ( ,

) ,

50% , 16,6% ,

I = I / 3 => I = 16.6% ( . 4). i s i

( . . 3

4 , L , L , L ) 1 2 3

( ) v

(I ) i

(m), = I / m.v i

(n = 1)

(m = 4) (L , L , L ) 1 2 3

, 50% 50%

, 12,5% , I = I / 1 (n = 1) => I = 50% i s i

= I / 4 (m = 4) => = 12,5% ( . 5)v i v

Distribution of lightning current

According to IEC 61643-12 if a structure receives a direct lightning strike ( ) 50% of the lightning current will discharge through the local earthing system where as the remaining 50% ( ) will discharge s

through the other incoming conductive services such as metallic water and gas pipes, electric power supply etc. The percentage of the current that will flow through each incoming conductive service (I ) can be i

calculated I = I / n, where n is the total number of the incoming i s

conductive services.

As an example if a structure has three (n = 3) conductive incoming services (one metallic water pipe, one metallic gas pipe and one power cable) then in the event of a direct lightning strike on the structure the local earthing system will discharge the 50% of the lightning current and the remaining current will be subdivided to the three conductive incoming services I = I / 3 => I = 16.6% (see Figure 4). i s i

In case that one incoming conductive service has more that one conductive lines (i.e. an incoming 3-phase power cable may have four conductors , L , L , L and ) than the calculation of the distribution of 1 2 3

the lightning current that will flow through each of the conductive lines ( ) is given by the division of the percentage of the lightning current v

that will flow through conductive service (I ) with respect to the i

number of the conductive lines of the cable (m), = I / m.v i

For example if a structure has only one incoming conductive power cable (n = 1), which is composed out of four (m = 4) conductors (L , L , 1 2

L and N) then in the event of a direct lightning strike on the structure 3

the local earthing system will discharge the 50% of the lightning current and the reaming 50% will flow through the power cable. Then each conductor of the power cable will discharge the 12,5% of the total lightning current , I = I / 1 (n = 1) => I = 50% and = I / 4 (m = 4) => i s i v i

= 12,5% (see Figure 5).v


Electrical power network

100%

100% of the lightning current will flow through the down conductors

16,6% 16,6% of the current will flow through the electrical power network

16,6%

50% 50% of current to local earthing

16,6% of the current will flow through each pipe network

Metallic buried pipe – Gas Metallic buried pipe – Water

8


Internal Lightning Protection System LPS

The aim of the internal LPS is to protect human life and electrical / electronic installations against surge overvoltages, which are caused either by direct or indirect lightning strike. As described in the European and International standard EN / IEC 62305 - 4 the volume of the structure that is to be protected against lightning shall be divided into zones (Lightning Protection Zones LPZ) with respect to reduction of the electromagnetic effect of the lightning current and on the dielectric strength of the under protection equipment. The basic LPZ are the following:

LPZ 0A: Equipment installed in this zone will be subjected to full direct lightning current and electromagnetic effects without any reduction measure.

LPZ 0B: Equipment installed in this zone will not be subjected to direct lightning current but they will be subjected to full electromagnetic effects without any reduction measure.

LPZ 1: Equipment installed in this zone will be subjected to partial lightning current and high electromagnetic effects at a reduced level than upstream zones.

LPZ 2…n: Equipment in this zone will be subjected to surge currents and low electromagnetic effects depending on the protection measures that have been taken in upstream zones.

All equipments that are installed in the same zone should be at the same potential. This can be succeeded by applying equipotential bonding to all conductive parts including the reinforcement of the structure, where this is possible to be achieved, with respect to earth either by a direct bonding or through a surge protective device.

/

. 62305 - 4,

(Lightning Protection Zones LPZ),

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LPZ :

LPZ 0A:

.LPZ 0B:

.LPZ 1:

.

LPZ 2… : ,

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5: , 62305-1 200kA (10/350 s)

Figure 5: Lightning current distribution to the electric power conductors, maximum lightning current as per EN 62305-1 is considered 200kA (10/350 s)

L1

L2

L3

N

PE

L

N

SPDUC = 275VacUp = <1,9kVI imp= 25kA (10/350 s)I max= 200kA (8/20 s)

T a = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

PE

N

SPDUC = 255VacUp = <4kVIimp = 100kA (10/350 s)Imax = 200kA (8/20 s)

T a= <100ns68 51 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N

SPDUC = 275VacUp = <1,9kVIimp = 25kA (10/350 s)Imax = 200kA (8/20 s)

Ta = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N

SPDU C = 275VacU p= <1,9kVI imp = 25kA (10/350 s)I max= 200kA (8/20 s)

T a = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L1

L2

L3

N

PE

L

N


T a = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


T a = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

PE

N


T a= <100ns68 51 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


Ta = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


Ta = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


T a = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


T a = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

100kA (10/350 s)

100kA (10/350 s)

L1

L2

L3

N

PE

L

N


T a = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

PE

N


T a= <100ns68 51 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


Ta = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


T a = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L1

L2

L3

N

PE

L

N


T a = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


T a = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

PE

N


T a= <100ns68 51 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


Ta = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


Ta = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


T a = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


T a = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

4 25kA (10/350 ) X

Substation earthing

/

200kA (10/350 s)

Local earthing

9


Overvoltage categories

According to the international standard IEC 60364-4-44 all electrical equipment are divided into overvoltage categories, which depend on the nominal operating voltage of the equipment and on the installation point of the equipment. Figure 7 shows the four basic overvoltage categories of equipment that are installed in a 230/400V AC system. The selection of the surge protective device shall be based on the fact that its voltage protection level must be lower than the dielectric strength of the under protection equipment. In Figure 8 is presented the equivalent surge protective device for the protection of each of the previous four categories. Additionally for the final selection of the surge protective device it must also be considered the lightning or surge current discharge capability of it.

Category V equipment: Devices used in electrical installation such as switchboard equipment, fuses, cables, meters etc.Category II equipment: Devices permanently connected to an electric installation such as motors, generators, water pumps and generally industrial type equipment.Category I equipment: Devices and electrical appliances connected to the electrical installation mainly used for domestic applications, which do not contain electronic circuitsCategory equipment: Devices connected to the electrical installation contain sensitive electronic circuits

IEC 60364-4-44

. 7

230 / 400V AC.

. 8

230 / 400V AC. -

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0 ,

10/350 s

Zone 0 Subjected to direct lightning strike

10/350 s

0

Zone 0 Protected from direct

lightning strike

1 , 10/350 s

Zone 1 Lightning currents, 10/350 s

2, , 8/20 s

Zone 2, Surge currents, 8/20 s

MAX MIN

Immunity of equipment to the electromagnetic field inside the structure due to lightning

0

Zone 0 3

Zone 3

6: (LPZ) 62305 - 4 Figure 6: Lightning protection zones (LPZ) according to EN / IEC 62305 - 4

10


8: IV

Figure 8: Categories of surge protective devices used to protect equipment of overvoltage category IV up to I

7: 230/400V AC IEC 60364 - 4 - 44

Figure 7: Overvoltage categories of electrical equipment installed in a 230/400V AC system according to IEC 60364 - 4 - 44

IIICategory III

IICategory II

ICategory I

IVCategory IV

6kV

4kV

2,5kV

1,5kV

CAT III

CAT IV CAT IIMV

T1 SPDs T2 SPDs T3 SPDsMV Arrester

CAT I

80kV6kV 2,5kV 1,5kV

N

SPD

U C=255Vac?n=20?? (8/20 s)

?max=40 ?? (8/20 s)U p= <1.2kV

Ta = <100ns

T2 CE40GT2

PE

L

SPDU C= 275Vac

?n=15 ?? (8/ 20 s)

?max=40 ?? (8/ 20 s)U p = <1.9kV

T a= <25ns

T2 CE40T2

L

SPDU C= 275Vac

?n=15 ?? (8/20 s)

?max= 40?? (8/20 s)U p = <1.9kV

T a= <25ns

T2 CE40T2

L

SPDUC =275Vac

?n= 15?? (8/20 s)

?max= 40?? (8/20 s)Up = <1.9kV

Ta = <25ns

T2 CE40T2

N

SPD

U C=255Vac?n=20?? (8/20 s)

?max=40 ?? (8/20 s)U p= <1.2kV

Ta = <100ns

T2 CE40GT2

PE

L

SPDU C= 275Vac

?n=15 ?? (8/ 20 s)

?max=40 ?? (8/ 20 s)U p = <1.9kV

T a= <25ns

T2 CE40T2

L

SPDU C= 275Vac

?n=15 ?? (8/20 s)

?max= 40?? (8/20 s)U p = <1.9kV

T a= <25ns

T2 CE40T2

L

SPDUC =275Vac

?n= 15?? (8/20 s)

?max= 40?? (8/20 s)Up = <1.9kV

Ta = <25ns

T2 CE40T2

N

SPD

U C=255Vac?n=20?? (8/20 s)

?max=40 ?? (8/20 s)U p= <1.2kV

Ta = <100ns

T2 CE40GT2

PE

L

SPDU C= 275Vac

?n=15 ?? (8/ 20 s)

?max=40 ?? (8/ 20 s)U p = <1.9kV

T a= <25ns

T2 CE40T2

L

SPDU C= 275Vac

?n=15 ?? (8/20 s)

?max= 40?? (8/20 s)U p = <1.9kV

T a= <25ns

T2 CE40T2

L

SPDUC =275Vac

?n= 15?? (8/20 s)

?max= 40?? (8/20 s)Up = <1.9kV

Ta = <25ns

T2 CE40T2

N

SPD

U C=255Vac?n=20?? (8/20 s)

?max=40 ?? (8/20 s)U p= <1.2kV

Ta = <100ns

T2 CE40GT2

PE

L

SPDU C= 275Vac

?n=15 ?? (8/ 20 s)

?max=40 ?? (8/ 20 s)U p = <1.9kV

T a= <25ns

T2 CE40T2

L

SPDU C= 275Vac

?n=15 ?? (8/20 s)

?max= 40?? (8/20 s)U p = <1.9kV

T a= <25ns

T2 CE40T2

L

SPDUC =275Vac

?n= 15?? (8/20 s)

?max= 40?? (8/20 s)Up = <1.9kV

Ta = <25ns

T2 CE40T2

L

N

SPDUC = 275VacUp = <1,9kVIimp = 25kA (10/350s)Imax= 200kA (8/20s)Ta= <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N

SPDUC = 275VacUp = <1,9kVIimp = 25kA (10/350s)Imax = 200kA (8/20s)Ta = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


PE

N

SPDUC = 255VacUp = <4kVIimp = 100kA (10/350s)Imax = 200kA (8/20s)Ta= <100ns68 51 200 T1 + T2 CE

PE

N


PE

N


L

N

SPDUC = 275VacUp = <1,9kVIimp = 25kA (10/350s)Imax= 200kA (8/20s)Ta= <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


L

N


PE

N


PE

N


PE

N


11


9: 10/350 s 8/20 s

Figure 9: Differences between lightning current waveshape 10/350 s and surge current waveshape 8/20 s

Categories of power surge protective devices

According to the standard EN 61643 - 11 the surge protective devices which are connected to a low voltage system are separated into three categories.

st1 Type 1 (T1) - Class I, primary protection against lightning current, I (10/350 s)imp

nd2 ype 2 (T2) - Class II, secondary protection against surge current, I (8/20 s)max

rd3 ype 3 (T3) - Class I I, fine protection against surge currents, I sc

(8/20 s) and surge overvoltages, U (1.2/50 s)oc

T1 surge protective devices are mainly installed at the entry point of the electrical installation into a structure (i.e. main switchboard) at the borders between LPZ 0 - LPZ 1 or LPZ 0 - LPZ 1 providing protection against lightning currents (10/350 s) having a voltage protection level (U ) lower than 4kV protecting equipment of p

overvoltage category III and IV (see Figure 8).

T2 surge protective devices are installed at main node points of the electrical installation (i.e. secondary switchboards) at the borders between LPZ 1 - LPZ 2, providing protection against surge currents (8/20 s) having a voltage protection (U ) level lower than 2,5kV p

protecting equipment of overvoltage category II (see Figure 8).

T3 surge protective devices are installed independently of the zone boundaries. Their installation point is as near as possible to the under protection equipment which contains electronic circuits (i.e. PC, PLC, etc) providing fine protection against both surge currents (8/20 s) and surge voltages having a voltage protection level (U ) lower than 1,5kV p

protecting equipment of overvoltage category I. T3 surge protective devices should always be installed at least after at least T2 surge protector (see Figure 8).

The basic difference between the T1, T2 and T3 SPDs is that T1 SPDs are capable to discharge lightning currents of a waveshape 10/350 s instead T2 and T3 are only able to discharge surge currents of a waveshape of 8/20 s. The main difference between the two waveshapes is illustrated in Figure 9.

61643 - 11

.

1 Type 1 (T1) - Class I, , I (10/350 s)imp

2 ype 2 (T2) - Class II, , I (8/20 s)max

3 ype 3 (T3) - Class I I, , I sc

(8/20 s) , U (1.2/50 s)oc

1 ( . . )

LPZ 0 - LPZ 1 LPZ 0 - LPZ 1, (10/350 s) (U ) p

4kV III IV ( . 8).

2 ( . . ) LPZ 1 - LPZ 2,

(8/20 s) (U ) 2,5kV p

II ( . 8).

3

( . . , PLC ), (8/20 s)

(U ) 1,5kV p

I. 3 2

( . 8).

1, 2 3 1 -

10/350 s 2 3 8/20 s. H 9 .

1kA, 10/350 s ˜ 25kA, 8/20 s

/ C

urre

nt (k

A)

10/350 s

8/20 s

0 250 s 500 s 750 s 1000 s 1250 s 1500 s

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

T125kA (10/350 s)

T240kA (8/20 s)

16 16 times more powerful

/ Time ( s)

12

ASelection of power surge protective devices

The selection and the necessity of installing surge protective devices arrives after performing the risk management according to the standard EN / IEC 62305 - 2, 2010. Due to the careful and detailed study that it is required the following examples just give an indication of the necessary surge protective devices as well as their installation point.

Case A: Structure having an external lightning protection system installed.

st ndRequires: 1 installation of T1 SPDs at the main distribution board, 2 rdinstallation of T2 SPDs at secondary distribution boards and 3

installation of 3 SPDs at the entrance of equipment containing electronic circuits (see Figure 10A).

Case B: Structure not having an external lightning protection system installed but having incoming conductive services (i.e. overhead electric or telecom lines) exposed to direct lightning strike .

st ndRequires: 1 installation of T1 SPDs at the main distribution board, 2 rdinstallation of T2 SPDs at secondary distribution boards and 3

installation of 3 SPDs at the entrance of equipment containing electronic circuits (see Figure 10B).

Case C: Structure neither having an external lightning protection system installed or incoming conductive services (i.e. overhead electric or telecom lines) exposed to direct lightning strike.

st ndRequires: 1 installation of T2 SPDs at the main distribution board, 2 installation of 3 SPDs at the entrance of equipment containing electronic circuits (see Figure10C).

In all the above case studies co-ordination between the surge protective devices should be considered.

62305 - 2, 2010.

.

: .

: 1 1 , 2 - 2 3

3 ( . 10 ).

:

( . . ) . : 1 1

, 2 2 3 3

( . 10 ).

:

. : 1 2 2

3 ( . 10C).

.

10:

Figure 10: Selection and installation of power surge protective devices


3

3

Structure with underground supply or without external LPS

Structure with ut external LPS but with overhead supply

Structure with external LPS

1T1 SPDs are not required

1 2 3

If fine protection is required



13


-

-.

.

: - - 10m. 1 + 2 + 3

. : -

- 20m. 1 +

2 3 - -

10m (H/Y & / ) - .

: -

20m 10m. -

1 + 2 2 + 3 .

A

B

Installation points of power surge protective devices

The installation of surge protective devices depends on the electrical installation of the structure as well as on the under protection equipment. Due to the careful and detailed study that it is required the following examples just give an indication of the necessary surge protective devices as well as their installation point.

Case A: A structure that contains an electrical installation, which the total cabling length does not exceed 10m. Then by installing all the three types of SPDs, T1 + T2 + T3 in the main distribution panel considering an appropriate co-ordination between them, then no additional protection is needed. Case B: A structure that contains an electrical installation, which the total cabling length does not exceed 20m. Then by installing T1 + T2 SPDs in the main distribution panel and additional T3 SPDs in the secondary distribution panel assuming that the cabling distances between the secondary panel and the electronic equipment does not exceed 10m in length then no additional protection is needed. Case C: A structure that contains an electrical installation, which the total cabling length does exceed 20m assuming that the cabling distances between the secondary panel and the electronic equipment does not exceed 10m in length then by installing T1 + T2 SPDs in the main distribution panel and additional T2 + T3 SPDs in the secondary distribution panel no additional protection is needed. Case D: A structure that contains an electrical installation, which the total cabling length does exceed 20m assuming that the cabling distances between the secondary panel and the electronic equipment in

14

A some cases does exceed 10m in length then by installing T1 + T2 SPDs in the main distribution panel, T2 + T3 SPDs in the secondary distribution panel and additional T3 SPDs in selective electronic equipment, for which the cable length up to the secondary panel does exceed the 10m. Case E: Ideal protection scheme independent of the cabling distances, in the main distribution panel T1 + T2 SPDs, in the secondary distribution panel T2 SPDs and T3 SPDs next to each electronic equipment.

: -

20m 10m.

1 + 2, 2+ 3 3 10m -

. : ,

1+ 2, 2 3 .

C

D

E


15

ASelection of data surge protective devices

The selection of data surge protective devices depends on the signal that the SPD is connected through. In brief the selection criteria are:

Telecom signals: Type of telecom line (PSTN, ISDN, DSL)

Analogue and digital signals: Frequency of the signal (Hz), voltage (V) and current (A) of the signal

High frequency - RF signals: Frequency of the signal (Hz), power of the signal (W), connector type (N, BNC etc), surge impedance of the cable (50 , 75 etc)

11:

Figure 11: Selection and installation of data surge protective devices

o .

:

: (PSTN, ISDN, DSL), .

: (Hz), (V) (A) .

: (Hz), (W), (N, BNC ),

(50 , 75 )

Cable Shield

Short Distance

/ Input (LINE)

/ Output (EQUIP)

PE

SPDUC=255VacIn=10kA (8/20 s)

Imax=20kA (8/20 s)

Up = <1.3kVTa = <100ns

T3 CE20GT3

N

L

SPDUC=275VacIn=5kA (8/20 s)

Imax=10kA (8/20 s)

Up = <1.5kVTa = <25ns

T3 CE10T3

N

PLC

Surge protection of information technology systems

Fine surge protection of PLC

EQ

UIP LI

NE

GNDE2

E3

E1 L 1

L 3L 2

DATA SURGE PROTECTOR

PLC


62305-4Selection of connection conductor diameter of low voltage power surge protective devices according to EN 62305-4

/ SPD type

( ) 2 2 216 mm 6 mm 1,5 mm Minimum cross section of conductor (copper)

1 ( ) 2 2 235 mm 35 mm 35mm Maximum cross section of conductor1 (copper)1 DIN - 3 1 For ELEMKO SPDs to be installed on DIN - 3 Rail

1 2 3

HD 384 The selection of the fuse shall satisfy the requirements for the SPD as well as for the connection conductor according to installation rules of the country that the SPD will be installed

16

A BASIC INSTALLATION INSTRUCTION OF SPDS

Length and path of SPDs earthing conductor

The installation of the power SPDs in the distribution panel shall be performed with short connection wires. According to EN 62305-4 the appropriate connection wires shall not exceed the 0.5m in length. Large loops especially by the PE conductor shall be avoided. Additionally the impression that the earthing conductor of the SPDs shall be completely independent from the PE conductor or the equipotential bonding bar of the panel is completely wrong.

,

62305- 4. -

. -

,

.

12:

Figure 12: Installation of power SPDs in the distribution panel by using the minimum required connection wire and having common bonding bar between the PE conductor and the earthing conductor of the SPDs CORRECT

13:

Figure 13: Installation of power SPDs in the distribution panel by using long connection wire and independent from the PE conductor WRONG

RCDRCDRCD

8899kWhr8899kWhr8899kWhr8899kWhr

To Loads

L

N

SPDUC = 275VacUp = <1,9kVI imp = 25kA (10/350 s)I max = 200kA (8/20 s)Ta = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

PE

N

SPDUC = 255VacUp = <4kVI imp = 100kA (10/350 s)Imax = 200kA (8/20 s)Ta = <100ns68 51 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N

SPDUC = 275VacUp = <1,9kVIimp = 25kA (10/350 s)Imax = 200kA (8/20 s)Ta = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE

L

N


L

N


L

N


PE

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


RCDRCDRCD

8899kWhr8899kWhr8899kWhr8899kWhr

L

N


PE

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


PE

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


To Loads

17

ACommon earthing system

According to the EN 62305-3 from the lightning and surge protection point of view a common and single integrated earthing system is preferable and is suitable for all purposes (i.e. safety earthing, lightning protection earthing, telecommunication earthing).

62305-3 ,

/ .

, ,

BASIC INSTALLATION INSTRUCTION OF SPDS

15:

Figure 15: Independent earthing systems WRONG

8899kWhr8899kWhr

OTE

SURGE PROTECTION

Arrester is operational when green light is on

SURGE PROTECTIONArrester is operational when green

light is on


light is on

???

???

OTE SURGE PROTECTIONArrester is operational when green

light is on


light is on

SURGE PROTECTION


8899kWhr8899kWhr

14:

Figure 14: Common earthing system CORRECT

18


Distance between SPD and under protection equipment

According to EN 62305-4 the efficiency of a surge protective device is also relevant to the distance between the SPD and the under protection equipment. As a maximum distance the standard defines the 10m. For a distance longer than 10m then an additional SPD shall be installed. The ideal distance is up to 0.5m.

62305-4

. 10 . ,

( ) (0,5m )

16: <10m (0,5m )

Figure 16: Distance between SPD and under protection equipment < 10m (0,5m ideal) CORRECT

17: > 10m

Figure 17: Distance between SPD and under protection equipment > 10m WRONG

0.5m

SURGE PROTECTION


SURGE PROTECTION


>10m

19

ASelection of overcurrent protection of SPDs

The use of an overcurrent protection device for the protection of the end of life of the SPD as well as for the connection wire is a requirement even by the installation rules. However the overcurrent protection device may limit the efficiency of the SPD since it should behave in an appropriate manner when discharging surge currents. The best overcurrent device with respect to surge current discharge capability is the cartridge type fuse since it is constructed by a single wide wire element of rather short length. In contrast the MCBs and the RCDs, contain internal coils with rather long and thin wires and therefore the surge discharge current capability is limited. Especially the RCD, which is used for protection against electric shock the internal circuitry is of vital importance and it should not be damaged. Therefore in countries where the use of SPDs (at least for the primary protection in the main distribution panel) before the RCD is allowed by the installation rules may be a good practice. Of course the use of MCBs or RCDs as overcurrent protection can not be claimed to be wrong however, where this is allowed by the national electrical installation rules, SPDs are advised to be installed before any MCB or RCD.

HD 384 ( ).

.

, .

( )

.

.

.

BASIC INSTALLATION INSTRUCTION OF SPDS

18:

Figure 18: Use of cartridge type fuses as an overcurrent protection of the SPDs in the main panel CORRECT

19:

Figure 19: Use of MCB or RCD as an overcurrent protection of the SPDs in the main panel NOT ADVISED

RCDRCD

L

N


PE

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


PE

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


L

N

SPDUC = 275VacUp = <1,9kVIimp = 25kA (10/350 s)Imax = 200kA (8/20 s)Ta = <25ns68 50 200 T1 + T2 CE RCDRCDRCD

L

N


PE

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


PE

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


RCDRCDRCD

To Loads

L

N


PE

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


PE

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


L

N


To Loads

To Loads

20


Length of earthing conductor of DATA SPDs

The SPDs used for DATA signal equipment shall be connected also to the shield of the DATA cable. Also the DATA SPDs shall be installed at a short distance - preferable less than 0.5m with the under protection equipment. Also the earthing wire of the SPD shall be short avoiding unnecessary loops.

DATA

( . . PLC)

. 0,5

. .

20: DATA

Figure 20: Installation principles of DATA SPDs

Remaining wire length forming a coil

/ Input (LINE)

/ Output (EQUIP)

EQ

UIP LI

NE

GNDE2

E3

E1 L 1

L 3L 2


/ Input (LINE)

/ Output(EQUIP)

Appropriate wire length (<0,5m) (<0,5 )

EQ

UIP LI

NE

GNDE2

E3

E1 L 1

L 3L 2


1

2 3

4

6

Power Line Secondary Protection

& Power Lines Primary Protection

Fine Protection of Equipment

Selective Protection

1 68 50 200 + 68 51 200 / page. 32 + 36 3 68 44 112 + 68 44 118 / page. 58 + 60

2 68 44 447 / page. 50 4 68 41 221 / page. 62

1 68 10 215 / page. 104 3 68 05 110 / page. 96

2 68 41 221 / page. 62 4 68 03 410 / page. 94

21

A

APPLICATION OF SPDs IN A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

1

2

3

4

TV TV Line Protection

Telecom Line Protection

Telecom Line Protection

TV TV Line Protection

22

A

APPLICATION OF SPDs IN AN INDUSTRIAL SITE

1

2

& /

LV Power Line Primary Protection

3

/ , Medium Voltage Protection

1 68 04 024 / page. 86 3

2 68 03 *** / page. 80 4 6810361 / page. 102

68 01 0** / page. 74

/

LV Power Line Secondary Protection4

1 68 81 021 / page. 26 3 / page. 50

2 68 53 225 / page. 30 4 68 40 223 / page. 64

5 68 10 304 / page. 70

68 44 447

5


Inverter PVProtection of PV inverter

Protection of DATA lines

PLCPLC Signal Line Protection

2

1

Protection of Telecom

Coaxial Systems

4

DC DC Power supply protection

3

2

3

4

Power Line Secondary Protection

Protection of external installed electric equipment – roof


1 68 53 225 / page. 30 3 / page. 62

2 68 44 447 / page. 50 4 68 44 280 + 68 44 290 / page. 40 + 38

68 41 221

1 68 03 *** / page. 80 3 68 10 215 / page. 104

2 68 02 400 / page. 90 4 68 94 001 + 68 94 004 + 68 94 105 / page. 101 + 100

23

A

APPLICATION OF SPDs IN AN OFFICE BUILDING

1

2

3

4

Protection of DATA lines CCTV

CCTV Line Protection

Protection of Telecom Systems

LANLAN Line Protetcion

&

LV Power Line Primary Protection

1

33

4

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