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Objectives•To identify flowers and other floral materials.

•To discover the botanical and common names of flowers and other floral materials.

•To analyze flower characteristics.

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Line Flowers Mass Flowers Form Flowers Filler Flowers Foliage & Greenery Potted Plants

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Line Flowers

• Are used as primary flowers to establish the skeleton outline height or width of an arrangement

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Garden Gladiolus

• Botanical name: Gladiolus x hortulanus cv.

• Origin: Africa • Color: white, pink,

salmon, yellow, orange, red, green and violet

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Snapdragon•Botanical name: Antirrhinum majus cv.

•Origin: Mediterranean region and Iberian Peninsula

•Color: commonly yellow, pink and white; occasionally dark pink, red, bronze or lavender

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Flowering Stock

• Botanical name: Matthiola incana cv.

• Origin: North America

• Color: white, red, lavender and yellow

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Tuberose

• Botanical name: Polianthes tuberosa

• Origin: Mexico• Color: white

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Liatris

• Botanical name: Liatris spicata

• Origin: North America, Mexico and the Bahamas

• Color: shades of purple

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Hyacinth• Botanical name:

Hyacinthus orientalis cv. • Origin: southwestern

Asia, central and southern Turkey, northwestern Syria, Lebanon and northern Israel

• Color: purple, orange, pink, white and red

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Mass Flowers

• Are usually single stem with large rounded heads used inside or along the arrangement to fill in

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Cockscomb

• Botanical name: Celosia argentea cv.

• Origin: tropics• Color: crimson,

maroon and purple

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Peony

• Botanical name: Paeonia cv.

• Origin: Asia, southern Europe and western North America

• Color: pink, purple and white

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Daffodil

• Botanical name: Narcissus pseudonarcissus cv.

• Origin: Europe, North Africa and Asia

• Color: yellow and white

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Shasta Daisy

• Botanical name: Leucanthemum x superbum cv.

• Origin: California• Color: white

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French (Florist’s) Hydrangea

• Botanical name: Hydrangea macrophylla cv.

• Origin: Japan• Color: blue, purple,

pink, salmon and white

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Common Garden Canna

• Botanical name: Canna x generalis

• Origin: Argentina and southern United States

• Color: orange, pink, yellow and red

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Common Camellia

• Botanical name: Camellia japonica

• Origin: Japan, Korea and China

• Color: red and pink

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Gardenia

• Botanical name: Gardenia jasminoides ‘Fortuniana’

• Origin: tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania

• Color: white and cream

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Hybrid Tea Rose

• Botanical name: Rosa hybrid cv., Class Hybrid Tea cv.

• Origin: France• Color: red, pink,

yellow, orange and white

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Carnation

• Botanical name: Dianthus caryophyllus cv.

• Origin: Mediterranean region

• Color: white, pink, salmon, red, yellow, violet and shades in between

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Transvaal Daisy

• Botanical name: Gerbera jamesonii

• Origin: South America, Africa and Asia

• Color: white, cream, yellow, salmon, pink, orange and red

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Marguerite Daisy

• Botanical name: Argyranthemum frutescens

• Origin: Canary Islands• Color: white and

yellow, white blossoms occasionally, commercially tinted pink or blue

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Florist’s Chrysanthemum

• Botanical name: Chrysanthemum x moriflium cv.

• Origin: Asia and northeastern Europe

• Color: white, gold, yellow, shades of pink, lavender, bronze and red

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Marigold

• Botanical name: Tagetes species cv.

• Origin: North and South America

• Color: yellow and orange

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Zinnia

• Botanical name: Zinnia elegans

• Origin: southwest United States, South America and Mexico

• Color: all colors except blue

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China Aster

• Botanical name: Callistephus chinensis

• Origin: China• Color: white, red,

pink, lavender and violet

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Dutch Iris

• Botanical name: Iris x xiphium cv.

• Origin: Spain and Portugal

• Color: royal, yellow, white and purple

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Tulip

• Botanical name: Tulipa cv.

• Origin: southern Europe, north Africa, Anatolia and Iran to northwest China

• Color: red, yellow, pink, violet and white

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Freesia

• Botanical name: Freesia x hybrida

• Origin: Africa• Color: white, orange,

yellow, pink, red and violet

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Shrimp Plant

• Botanical name: Justicia brandegeana

• Origin: Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras

• Color: yellow, orange and red

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Flag (Bearded) Iris

• Botanical name: Iris x germanica florentina cv.

• Origin: Europe, the Middle East and northern Africa, Asia and across North America

• Color: violet, blue, yellow and white

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Form Flowers

• Are used to create focal point with unusual and distinctive shapes

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Cattleya Orchid Hybrid

• Botanical name: Cattleya cv.

• Origin: Costa Rica and South America

• Color: shades of violet, pink, white and yellow

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Peruvian Lily

• Botanical name: Alstroemeria aurantiaca

• Origin: South America

• Color: tints of white, pink, yellow, red, green, orange and mauve

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Hybrid (Garden) Lily

• Botanical name: Lilium x hyrbridum cv.

• Origin: Japan and Taiwan

• Color: waxy white, pink or orange

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Trumpet (Easter) Lily

• Botanical name: Lilium longiflorum cv.

• Origin: Japan and Taiwan

• Color: white, pink and salmon

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Anthurium, Flamingo Lily

• Botanical name: Anthurium x andraenum cv.

• Origin: South and Central America

• Color: red, orange, pink, salmon and white

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Ladyslipper Orchid• Botanical name:

Paphiopedilum x hybrid cv.

• Origin: North America, Europe and Asia

• Colors: background colors are generally white, yellow or green

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Phalaenopsis (Butterfly) Orchid

• Botanical name: Phalaenopsis cv.

• Origin: southeast Asia

• Color: white with yellow and orange marking on the throat, sometimes a pinkish violet

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Bird-of-Paradise

• Botanical name: Strelitzia reginae

• Origin: South Africa• Color: deep orange

outer petals with deep blue inner petals enclosed in green outer sheath

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Amaryllis

• Botanical name: Hippeastrum hybrid cv.

• Origin: South Africa• Color: red, pink and

white

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Daylily

• Botanical name: Hemerocallis cv.

• Origin: Europe, China, Japan and Korea

• Color: yellow, pink, red and white

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Cymbidium Orchid

• Botanical name: Cymbidium cv.

• Origin: Asia and northern Australia

• Color: pink, yellow, white or green

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Filler Flowers

• Are flowers used to complete a design by adding depth

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Stephanotis

• Botanical name: Stephanotis floribunda

• Origin: Africa• Color: white

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Salvia

• Botanical name: Salvia splendens cv.

• Origin: Central and South America, Asia and the Mediterranean

• Color: purple and red

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Baby’s Breath

• Botanical name: Gypsophila elegans cv.

• Origin: Europe, Asia and north Africa

• Color: white

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Statice

• Botanical name: Limonium sinuatum

• Origin: central Asia, Mediterranean region and the Canary Islands

• Color: blue, violet, mauve, white and yellow

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Spring Heather

• Botanical name: Erica carnea cv.

• Origin: mountainous areas of central and southern Europe

• Color: purple, white and green

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Ageratum

• Botanical name: Ageratum mexicanum

• Origin: Central America and Mexico

• Color: violet, blue, pink and yellow

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Waxflower

• Botanical name: Chamelaucium uncinatum

• Origin: western United States

• Color: white and purple

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Foliage & Greenery

• Has a purpose to hide mechanics in a floral arrangement

• Is commonly all of the green materials in a floral arrangement

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Silver Dollar Gum

• Botanical name: Eucalyptus polyanthemos

• Origin: Australia • Color: blue green

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Florist’s “Huckleberry”

• Botanical name: Vaccinium ovatum

• Origin: western Pacific Coast of the United States and coastal British Columbia

• Color: shiny medium green

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Sprengeri “Fern”

• Botanical name: Asparagus densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’

• Origin: South Africa• Color: light to dark

green

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Parlor Palm

• Botanical name: Chamaedorea elegans

• Origin: rainforests in south Mexico and Guatemala

• Color: medium green

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Leatherleaf Fern

• Botanical name: Rumohra adiantiformis

• Origin: subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere

• Color: glossy medium green textured fronds

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English Ivy

• Botanical name: Hedera helix cv.

• Origin: Europe and western Asia

• Color: green

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Wandering Jew

• Botanical name: Zebrina pendula cv.

• Origin: South America

• Color: green leaves with white, pink or purple flowers

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Astilbe

• Botanical name: Astilbe hybrid cv.

• Origin: Asia and North America

• Color: pink, white, purple, red and salmon

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Potted Plants

• Include many varieties and species of plants

• Can be planted and cared for indoors or outdoors

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White Anthurium, Peace Lily

• Botanical name: Spathiphyllum clevelandii

• Origin: northern South America

• Color: white

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(Garden) Pansy

• Botanical name: Viola x wittrockiana cv.

• Origin: Europe• Color: yellow, violet,

lavender, orange and blue

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Gloxinia

• Botanical name: Sinningia speciosa Fyfiana Group cv.

• Origin: Brazil• Color: purple, pink,

red and white

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Florist’s Cineraria

• Botanical name: Senecio x hybridus cv.

• Origin: Canary Islands• Color: purple, pink

and lavender

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African Violet

• Botanical name: Saintpaulia ionantha cv.

• Origin: Tanzania • Color: violet and pink

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Fairy Primrose

• Botanical name: Primula malacoides cv.

• Origin: Ethiopia, Indonesia, New Guinea and southern South America

• Color: red, purple, pink and white

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Clematis

• Botanical name: Clematis Jackmanii Group cv.

• Origin: North America

• Color: violet and white

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Madagascar Periwinkle

• Botanical name: Catharanthus roseus

• Origin: Madagascar and southern Asia

• Color: pink, purple and white

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Tuberous Begonia

• Botanical name: Begonia x tuberhybrida cv.

• Origin: Andes• Color: red, pink,

orange, white and yellow

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Pickaback Plant

• Botanical name: Tolmiea menziesii

• Origin: west coast of North America

• Color: green

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Coleus

• Botanical name: Solenostemon sutellarioides

• Origin: tropical Africa, Asia, Australia, East Indies, Malay Archipelago and

Philippines• Color: leaves with green,

pink and orange markings79

Jerusalem Cherry

• Botanical name: Solanum pseudocapsicum cv.

• Origin: Peru• Color: green leaves

with orange-red fruit

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Diamond Dusty Miller

• Botanical name: Senecio cineraria ‘Diamond’

• Origin: the Mediterranean

• Color: whitish-green

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Thanksgiving Cactus, Crab Cactus

• Botanical name: Schlumbergera truncata cv.

• Origin: South America

• Color: green

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Christmas Cactus

• Botanical name: Schlumbergera bridgesii

• Origin: South America

• Color: green with pink flowers

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Strawberry Plant

• Botanical name: Saxifraga stolonifera

• Origin: Asia• Color: green leaves

with small white flowers

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Azalea

• Botanical name: Rhododendron cv.

• Origin: Asia, Europe and North America

• Color: pink and white

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Polyanthus (Primrose)

• Botanical name: Primula x polyanthus cv.

• Origin: Ethiopia, Indonesia, New Guinea and southern South America

• Color: red, pink, violet, pink, yellow and white

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Swedish Ivy

• Botanical name: Plectranthus mummularis

• Origin: Southeast Africa

• Color: green

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Creeping Charley

• Botanical name: Pilea nummularifolia

• Origin: Europe and southwestern Asia

• Color: green leaves with purple flowers

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Common Garden Petunia

• Botanical name: Petunia x hybrida cv.

• Origin: South America

• Color: yellow, pink, white, violet and blue

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Cactus

• Botanical name: Opuntia tribe cv.

• Origin: the Americas• Color: green

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Bromeliad

• Botanical name: Neoregelia carolinae ‘Tricolor’

• Origin: Brazil• Color: leaves with

green, pink and white

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Sweet Alyssum

• Botanical name: Lobularia maritima

• Origin: the Mediterranean region and Macaronesia

• Color: white and purple

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Kalanchoe

• Botanical name: Kalanchoe x blossfeldiana cv.

• Origin: the Old World• Color: red, orange,

yellow, pink and white

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Impatiens

• Botanical name: Impatiens hybrid cv.

• Origin: Northern Hemisphere and tropics

• Color: red, white, purple, orange and pink

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Plantain Lily

• Botanical name: Hosta undulate

• Origin: northeast Asia• Color: green

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Dwarf Schefflera, Dwarf Octopus Tree

• Botanical name: Heptapleurum arboricola

• Origin: Taiwan• Color: green

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German (Persian) Violet

• Botanical name: Exacum affine

• Origin: Yemen• Color: purple and

white

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Barrel Cactus

• Botanical name: Echinocactus cv.

• Origin: southwestern desert of North America

• Color: green

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Hens and Chickens

• Botanical name: Echeveria cv.

• Origin: Mexico and South America

• Color: green and purple

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Fancy-Leaved Caladium

• Botanical name: Caladium x hortulanum cv.

• Origin: Brazil, and neighboring countries in South and Central America

• Color: green with white or pink

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Wax Begonia

• Botanical name: Begonia x semperflorens-cultorum

• Origin: South and Central America, Africa and Asia

• Color: pink, red and white

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Norfolk Island Pine

• Botanical name: Araucaria heterophylla

• Origin: Norfolk Island, an island between New Zealand and Australia

• Color: green

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Nephthytis

• Botanical name: Syngonium podophyllum

• Origin: western Africa• Color: green

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Snake Plant

• Botanical name: Sansevieria trifasciata cv.

• Origin: temperate shrub land and rocky areas

• Color: green

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Artillery Plant

• Botanical name: Pilea microphylla

• Origin: Florida• Color: green

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Friendship Plant

• Botanical name: Pilea involucrata

• Origin: Central and South America

• Color: green

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Aluminum Plant

• Botanical name: Pilea cadierei

• Origin: China and Vietnam

• Color: green leaves with white

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Heartleaf Philodendron

• Botanical name: Philodendron scandens oxycardium

• Origin: tropical Americas and West Indies

• Color: green

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Variegated Peperomia

• Botanical name: Peperomia obtusifolia ‘Variegata’

• Origin: Central America and northern South America

• Color: green leaves with yellow or white

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Emerald Ripple Peperomia

• Botanical name: Peperomia caperata

• Origin: Central America and northern South America

• Color: green and purple

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Watermelon Peperomia

• Botanical name: Peperomia argyreia

• Origin: Central America and northern South America

• Color: green

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Ivy Geranium

• Botanical name: Pelargonium peltatum cv.

• Origin: Southern Africa

• Color: white, pink and red

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Regal (Lady Washington) Geranium

• Botanical name: Pelargonium x domesticum cv.

• Origin: Southern Africa

• Color: red, maroon and pink

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(Zonal) Geranium

• Botanical name: Pelargonium x hortorum cv.

• Origin: the Mediterranean Region

• Color: pink, red and white

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Red Edge Dracaena

• Botanical name: Dracaena cincta

• Origin: Madagascar• Color: green

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Corn Plant Dracaena

• Botanical name: Dracaena fragrans ‘Massangeana’

• Origin: West Africa, Tanzania and Zambia

• Color: green

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Spotted Dumbcane

• Botanical name: Dieffenbachia maculata cv.

• Origin: Mexico, Brazil and some Caribbean Islands

• Color: green

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Florist’s Cyclamen

• Botanical name: Cyclamen x persicum cv.

• Origin: Europe and the Mediterranean region

• Colors: red, white, purple and pink

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Jade Plant

• Botanical name: Crassula argentea

• Origin: South Africa• Color: green leaves

with white flowers

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Croton

• Botanical name: Codiaeum variegatum pictum cv.

• Origin: southeast Asia

• Color: green leaves with yellow and orange

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Grape Ivy

• Botanical name: Cissus rhombifolia ‘Mandaiana’

• Origin: Japan and Korea

• Color: green

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Spider Plant

• Botanical name: Cholorophytum comosum cv.

• Origin: South Africa• Color: green

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Pocketbook Plant

• Botanical name: Calceolaria crenatiflora cv.

• Origin: western South America

• Color: yellow, red and orange flowers with dark green leaves

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Bromeliad

• Botanical name: Aechmea chantinii cv.

• Origin: New World tropics and South America

• Color: green

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Aglaonema

• Botanical name: Aglaonema commutatum cv.

• Origin: southeastern Asia

• Color: green

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Aphelandra, Zebra Plant

• Botanical name: Aphelandra squarrosa cv.

• Origin: Brazil• Color: green

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Creeping Rubber Plant

• Botanical name: Ficus pumila

• Origin: east Asia• Color: green

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‘Decora’ Rubber Plant

• Botanical name: Ficus elastica ‘Decora’

• Origin: India• Color: green

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Benjamin Fig

• Botanical name: Ficus benjamina ‘Exotica’

• Origin: south and southeast Asia and Australia

• Color: green

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Poinsettia

• Botanical name: Euphorbia pulcherrima cv.

• Origin: Mexico and Central America

• Color: red, white, cream, orange, pink, pale green and marbled

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Crown-of-Thorns

• Botanical name: Euphorbia milii splendens

• Origin: Madagascar• Color: pink and

salmon

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Golden Pothos, Devil’s Ivy

• Botanical name: Epipremnum aureum cv.

• Origin: southeastern Asia and New Guinea

• Color: green

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Cutleaf “Philodendron”

• Botanical name: Monstera deliciosa

• Origin: tropical rainforests of southern Mexico and Panama

• Color: green

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Prayer Plant

• Botanical name: Maranta leuconeura var. kerchoviana

• Origin: Africa• Color: green

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Wax Plant

• Botanical name: Hoya carnosa

• Origin: southern Asia, Australia and Polynesia

• Color: green leaves with white or pink flowers

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“Purple Passion”, Velvet Plant

• Botanical name: Gynura aurantiaca ‘Sarmentosa’

• Origin: Europe and Asia

• Color: green and purple leaves

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Nerve Plant

• Botanical name: Fittonia verschaffeltii

• Origin: Peru • Color: various shades

of green

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Cast Iron Plant

• Botanical name: Aspidistra elatior

• Origin: Japan• Color: shades of

green

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Assessment

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Assessment

Assessment1. Which of the following flowers can be white in color?

A. LiatrisB. CockscombC. TuberoseD. Canna

2. Michelle is making a floral arrangement for Mother’s Day and needs a white, line flower. Which of the following LINE flowers should she use?

A. Baby’s breathB. Hybrid tea roseC. TuberoseD. Bird-of-paradise

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Assessment3. Which of the following is the correct classification of Petunia x

hybrida cv.?A. LineB. MassC. FormD. Potted plant

 4. Preston is trying to discover the common name for the plant

Dieffenbachia caryophyllus. Which of the following plants has the same botanical name?

A. Spotted dumbcaneB. Astilbe C. Snapdragon D. Fancy-leaved caladium

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Assessment5. Which of the following best explains why mass flowers are

used in floral arrangements?A. Mass flowers are used as a focal pointB. Mass flowers are used inside or along the

arrangement to fill spacesC. Mass flowers are used to complete the designD. Mass flowers are used to hide the mechanics of a

design

6. Sarah and Lauren are working together to create a centerpiece for the tables at an upcoming banquet. Which of the flowers should they use to complete the design?

A. Trumpet (Easter) lilyB. AglaonemaC. Transvaal daisyD. Stephanotis

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Assessment7. Robert is creating a unique floral arrangement. Which of the

following flowers should he use as a focal point?A. Shasta daisy B. (Garden) pansyC. Florist’s cineraria D. Flamingo lily

 8. Please choose the correct definition of a line flower.

A. Single stem with large round headed flowerB. Establishes the outline of arrangementC. Single stem with one horizontal flowerD. Single stem with one vertical flower

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Assessment9. Susie is creating a floral arrangement and does not want the

mechanics of the design to show. Which of the following should she use?

A. Freesia B. Wax flowerC. BromeliadD. Boston fern

 10. A single stem daffodil would classify as which of the

following? A. Potted plantB. Foliage and greeneryC. MassD. Line

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Resources•“Herbaceous Plants Pictures”. http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu

• Iowa State University Extension. http://www.extension.iastate.edu

•Oklahoma State University Library. http://www.library.okstate.edu

•“OSU FFA Floriculture Identification”. http://www.okstate.edu

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Resources•Texas Tech University Plant and Soil Science. http:// www.pssc.ttu.edu

•University of Missouri Extension. Lawn and Garden. http://extension.missouri.edu

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Acknowledgements

Production Coordinator

Mai Lee Holmes

Graphics Designer

Daniel Johnson

Technical Writer

Jessica Odom

Project Coordinator

Olivia Mitchell

Production Manager

Maggie Bigham

Executive Producers

Gordon W. Davis

Jeff Lansdell147

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