1.a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment or distress. 2.presence...
TRANSCRIPT
1. A maladaptive pattern of substance use
leading to significant impairment or distress.
2. Presence of two or more of the following symptoms within a 12-month period.
Substance Use Disorder
Substance Use Disorder
Subst. is taken in larger amounts or longer pd. than intended.
Excessive time spent trying to obtain, use, or recover from effects of the subst.
Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to reduce or control subst. use.
Failure to fulfill major roles as a result of recurrent use.
Continued use despite social probs.
Cessation of important activities because of use.
Recurrent use is sits where use poses physical hazards.
Continued use despite awareness that it is causing physical or psychological probs.
Tolerance. Withdrawal. Cravings.
Depressants Stimulants Opiates Hallucinogens Other drugs of abuse
Inhalants Anabolic steroids Medications
Drug Classifications
Effects of Chronic Alcohol Use Tolerance Withdrawal
Delirium tremens Reduction in brain mass in the
temporal lobes Dementia Wernicke’s disease: confusion,
loss of coordination, unintelligible speech
Cirrhosis of liver:
The Depressants: Alcohol Use Disorders
Statistics on Use and Abuse
Lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse:
Binge drinking: >5 drinks in short period of time
About 20% of those with severe substance use spontaneously remit.
Nature of Stimulants
Most widely consumed drug (US) Increase alertness and energy Examples:
Amphetamines Cocaine Nicotine Caffeine
Stimulants: An Overview
Marijuana
Tolerance: Withdrawal and dependence: Effects:
LSD and Other Hallucinogens Tolerance: Withdrawal symptoms: Variable Reactions:
Hallucinogens: An Overview
biological influences
• genetic influence• pleasure centers (James Olds)
psychological dimensions• operant conditioning
• opponent process theory (Solomon, 1980) – increase in positive feelings will be followed by increase in negative feelings
Possible Causes of Substance Abuse
agonist substitution: provide a safe drug
with a similar chemical makeup - Methadone, nicotine gum
antagonist treatment: - block or counter the effects
- Naltrexone – opiate antagonist
aversive treatments- Antabuse
Treatment of Substance Abuse
Twelve-Step programs
- Alcoholics Anonymous
controlled drinking
contingency management: reward self for making changes
Treatment of Substance Abuse
Non-Substance-Related Disorders--Pathological
Gambling
Need to gamble greater amounts of $ to get same effect
Restless or irritability when trying to stop
Repeated, unsuccessful attempts to stop
Preoccupation w/ gambling
Frequent gambling when feeling distressed
Frequent return to try to recoup losses
Lying to conceal extent of gambling
Jeopardizing or loss of significant relationship, jog, or ed opportunity as a result of gambling
Reliance on others for $ to relieve financial problems related to gambling