© 2002 abb automation technology products ab - 1 - 1/9/2014 insert image here power system damping...
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Power System Damping in Icelandbased on phasor measurements
Sethuraman Ganesan
ABB
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Presentation Outline
Introduction to the Icelandic Power System Damping problems PMU installations and test results
Power System Model Setup And verification
Local PSS Based on shaft speed
Wide-Area PSS Based on frequency difference measured by PMUs
Comparison of Results Conclusions Future Work
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Hryggstekkur
Laxá 28 MW
Sog 89 MW
Hamranes
Blanda 150 MW
Brennimelur
KorpaGeitháls
Hrútatunga
Varmahlíð
Rangárvellir
Prestbakki
Hólar
Mjólká
Geiradalur
Glerárskógar
Sigalda 150 MW
Búrfell 270 MW
VatnshamrarTeigarhorn
Hydro power station
SubstationGeothermal power station
Power intensive industry
Vatnsfell 90 MW
Transmission lines
220 kV132 kV66 kV
Bjarnarflag 3 MW
LaxárvatnKrafla 60 MW
Sultartangi 120 MWHrauneyjafoss 210 MW
150 km
Generator Inertia Diagram
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Hryggstekkur
Laxá 28 MW
Sog 89 MW
Hamranes
Blanda 150 MW
Brennimelur
KorpaGeitháls
Hrútatunga
Varmahlíð
Rangárvellir
Prestbakki
Hólar
Mjólká
Geiradalur
Glerárskógar
Sigalda 150 MW
Búrfell 270 MW
VatnshamrarTeigarhorn
Hydro power station
SubstationGeothermal power station
Power intensive industry
Vatnsfell 90 MW
Transmission lines
220 kV132 kV66 kV
Bjarnarflag 3 MW
LaxárvatnKrafla 60 MW
Sultartangi 120 MWHrauneyjafoss 210 MW
150 km
Icelandic Power System
EC
RES 521: PMU
EC
RES 521: PMU
EC
RES 521: PMU
Blanda Power St.3x50 MW
Sigalda Power St.150 MW
Krafla Power St.2x30 MW
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Hryggstekkur
Laxá 28 MW
Sog 89 MW
Hamranes
Blanda 150 MW
Brennimelur
KorpaGeitháls
Hrútatunga
Varmahlíð
Rangárvellir
Prestbakki
Hólar
Mjólká
Geiradalur
Glerárskógar
Sigalda 150 MW
Búrfell 270 MW
VatnshamrarTeigarhorn
Hydro power station
SubstationGeothermal power station
Power intensive industry
Vatnsfell 90 MW
Transmission lines
220 kV132 kV66 kV
Bjarnarflag 3 MW
Laxárvatn
Sultartangi 120 MWHrauneyjafoss 210 MW
150 km
Reclosing of the Ring, after a planned outage
Test Recordings in Iceland, February 27, 2002
Krafla 60 MW
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4Voltage Phase-Angle Blanda-Sigalda 132 kV
0 1 2 3 4 5 Time [s]
12
11
10
9
8
An
gle
[de
gre
es]
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PMU Output Signals
Phasors V, I Line P and Q
Feedback
synchronizing
/t damping
=B–S
Line P
/t
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
rad
/s
0
0.2
0.4
MW
90
95
deg
rees
11
10.5
10
9.5
9
Closing of Ring, February 27, 2002
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Hryggstekkur
Laxá 28 MW
Sog 89 MW
Hamranes
Blanda 150 MW
Brennimelur
KorpaGeitháls
Hrútatunga
Varmahlíð
Rangárvellir
Prestbakki
Hólar
Mjólká
Geiradalur
Glerárskógar
Sigalda 150 MW
Búrfell 270 MW
VatnshamrarTeigarhorn
Hydro power station
SubstationGeothermal power station
Power intensive industry
Vatnsfell 90 MW
Transmission lines
220 kV132 kV66 kV
Bjarnarflag 3 MW
Laxárvatn
Sultartangi 120 MWHrauneyjafoss 210 MW
150 km
Fault Recordings in Iceland, February 16, 2001
Forced Outage:Line Fault & Trip
Krafla 60 MW
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Power Oscillations, February 16, 2001
Line just east of Krafla tripped after fault
Recorded and simulated Krafla MW output
700 s of undamped oscillations
Vélar 1 og 2 í Kröflu, MW framleiŽsla - (byrjaŽ aŽ skoŽa 18,7 sek eftir aŽ truflanaskrifari byrjaŽi aŽ skrá)Truflun 16.02.01. Kl. 04:21
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
[sek]
[MW
]
Vél 1 Vél 2
Recording
Simulation
20
10
30
0
40
MW
0 2 4 6 8 [s]10
0 2 4 6 8 10 [s]
MW
40
20
0
Recording
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time [s]
MW
0
10
20
30
40
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Dan
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Test Cases Fault Location
Fault Location: No Fault (0)
Southwest (1)
West (2)
Between Blanda and Krafla (4)
East of Krafla (5)
Sigalda
Blanda
Krafla
Mode shape of interarea mode (5)
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Characteristic of Speed Input PSS at Krafla
10 150 5
rad/s
20
0
40
60
80
100
120
140
deg
rees
0185.01
167.01
0238.01
167.01
)(
)()(
s
s
s
sK
s
sVsG Local
refLocal
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Root Locus for Local and Wide-area PSS
02.01
79.0
33.01
67.01
)(
)()(
ss
sK
sf
sVsG AreaWide
refAreaWide
0-0.6 -0.4 -0.2Real [1/s]
Imag
[ra
d/s
]
3.3
3.4
3.5
Real [1/s]-1.5 -1.0 -0.5
Imag
[ra
d/s
]
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
Imag
[ra
d/s
]
15
10
5
0
Real [1/s]
0 -4 -2
Gain from 0 to 20
* gain local = 18
gain wide-area =12
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Simulation of the February 16 Disturbance
Speed-input Local PSS (dashed)
Wide-area PSS (solid)
P on line west of Krafla
Voltage at Krafla
PSS output Saturation…..
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 2 4 6 8 10
80
60
40
20
0
-20
MW
140
kV
130
120
110
p.u
.
0.05
0.0
-0.05
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Conclusions
Wide-area PSS and Local PSS give basically similar results in this study
Wide-area PSS need, however, a lower gain to to provide the same interarea mode damping This indicates that the mode observability of the frequency
difference signal is higher than that of shaft speed.
Local PSS provides better damping of local modes.
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Future Work I
The question arise: What about a combined PSS, combining the superior local mode damping of the local PSS
with the higher interarea mode observability of the wide-area PSS.
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Braking Resistor On-off Control that Complements PSS
3 MW at Blanda
f for on-off
Frequency
PSS Output Blanda
f Blanda
P Braking Resistor in Blanda
Krafla –, Blanda - -, Sigalda ..
0-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100123
MW
Hz
Hz
p.u
.
0.5
0.0
-0.5
0.05
-0.05
0.0
50.2
50.0
49.8
Future Work II
