© 2002 kiwi-w consortium 1 kiwi format and telematics kiwi-w consortium takahiko hamada...

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© 2002 Kiwi-W consortium

Kiwi Format and Telematics

Kiwi Format and Telematics

Kiwi-W Consortium

Takahiko Hamada

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TELEMATICS 2002 October 1

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Transition of car navigation in Japan

• In 1987 　 Stored Map Database in CD-ROM

Map Database CD-ROM EMV

（ Electro Multi Vision ）

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Transition of car navigation in Japan• In 1991 　 Released Car navigation system by

various manufacturers– Adoption of GPS and Gyro sensor

– From single purpose to multi purpose 　→　 The rise of commercial items

ＧＰＳ Satellite

Ceramic Gyro

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Birth of Ｎａｖｉｋｅｎ Format• Expansion of car navigation market• Expectation of entering into the navigation mar

ket by Audio makers which have no map data• Standardization of map disc, and entry the nav

igation market with map disc provided by map maker

• Birth of Naviken Format Ver1.0 in 1988• After adding more function, birth of Ver2.1 in 1

995

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Intensification of functional race• Quantitative race

– Map• 1-10 thousandth scale model of the whole country• Adoption of foot prints

– 1400 cities

– Search for destination• Search by phone number

– Corporation 10 million cases– Individual 60 million cases

• Search by address– 26 million cases

CD-ROM

plurality

DVD-ROM

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Intensification of functional race• Operational race

– High-speed scrolling– ３ -D map

• Bird View• Real foot prints

– High-speed route searchBird View

Real 3D Map

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Alternation of Map disc format• The format needs to be changed for correspon

ding to upgrade.• Naviken S Format Ver2.2• The function which stands out from the rest is r

equired in order to overcome in market competition.– The format is not compatible on each year.

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Increase of kinds of maintained version • Map data needs to be maintained every year.• The kinds of maintained version run up to one hundred and

dozens of kinds.

95 Model

No compatible

96 年 97年

96 Model

95 年

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Limits of Naviken format• Correspondence to upgrading reaches the limit.

– No expandability.

– The data format depends on the facility of the navigation system.

• Compatibility of Naviken disc disappears.

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Conventional map database structure

• Database structure witch depends on the requirement of the Application Program

Database for each function

Application for each format

The real world

Map displayData

Positional reference

Data

Route planningData

Refer to data. (2)Application(2)

(positional calculation)

Refer to data. (n)Application(n)

(recommended route planning)

System control program

Refer to data. (1)

Application(1)(map display)

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Birth of Kiwi format• The time of creation of industry standard format

– Correspondence to sophisticated navigation system

– Expandability

• Foundation of Kiwi-W Review committee in 1996

– 17 companies concerned in car navigation system participate.

– Disclosure of X format from Xanavi

– Review of standard format

• Kiwi Ver1.1 was completed and estimated by demonstrative ex

periment in 1998 .

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Summary of Kiwi format• Explanation of summary of the format

Kiwi

The name “Kiwi” was derived from the fact the format had been deliberated as International standardization at ISO meeting in Sydney.

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Kiwi format aims…..• To describe the real world• To speed-up of data reference • To compress the volume of the data• To magnify the expandability• To enlarge the field of application

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Data base structure of Kiwi format• The real world is described by information related to the shape of

the object,the attribute,and the connection (phase) etc.

The real world

Shape data Attribute data

Application(1)

Common data reference program

Application(2) Application(n)

Standard data format for data exchange

Relation of connection

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The composition of Kiwi formatIndex Data

Drawing Parameters Data

Voice Data

Image Data

ＶＩＣＳ

Main Map Data

Route Planning data

Road DataBackground DataText Data

Route Guidance Data

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Speed-up of Data Reference• Main map data (parcel)

– Kiwi format refers to the data in a constant area

• Route planning data (region)– Kiwi format refers to the data of wide area as much

as possible

• Hierarchical structure– Kiwi format quickly refers to the data which exist bet

ween one level and another, or which exist nearby area

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Main Map Data (Parcel)• They are used for Map-display, Location, and

Route guidance• The area is divided by rectangles (parcel)• Data has Hierarchical structure

level 1

level 2

level n

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Main Map Data (Parcel)• Data to be stored

– Management records– Road data

• Figure data and Road attribute data to be used for map-display and location.

• It has traffic regulation information and link connection information so that it may be used for the route calculation

– Background Data– Text Data– Guidance Data

• Appellations of intersection etc. which is referred to intersections data in Road Data

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Map Display Data Frame

Map Display Distribution Header

　　：

Offset/Size of Road Data Frame

Offset/Size of BackGround Data Frame

Offset/Size of Text Data Frame

Road Data Frame

Distribution Header

　：

Number of Display Class [ Ａ ]

Offset to Display-class-classified Road Data

Number of MultiLink (for each Display calss)

Road Data List

Array of Display-class-classified Road Data

Display Scale Flag

Array of MultiLink Data Record

　：

Back Ground Data Frame　　 Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame

Text Data Frame　　 Basic Structure is same as Road Data Frame

Extension Data Frame

阪神高速

瀬戸内海

夢前川公園

Text

Road

Back Ground

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Main Map Data (Parcel)• Division and integration of a parcel

level n

level 1

level 2

Kiwi format divides and integrates a parcel into approximately same size of rectangle.

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Route Planning Data (Region)• They are used for Route planning• The area can be divided into arbitrary size (reg

ion)• They have a Hierarchical structure.

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Route Planning Data (Region)

Region divisions for each layer

Tree structure of region management records

Higher level

Lower level

0

0

0

1

23 4

51

2

6

0

0 1

3 41 52

2

0 6

Region number

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Route Planning Data• Data to be stored

– Management records– Information of node

• Information of intersections in road networks• Information which corresponds to upper level

– Link information• Information of road in road networks• Information which corresponds to upper level• Information of connection to border region

– Regulation information• Information of traffic regulation in intersection and

regulation for part of road in intersection

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Route Planning Data Frame

Route Planning Distribution Header

：

Offset / Size of each Data Frame

Node Data Frame

Total Number of Node Records 　［Ｎ］

Array of Node Record 　（ #1 to # Ｎ）

Attribute

Number of Link Record 　 [ Ｋ ]

Offset to Link Record

Number of Regulation Record ［Ｌ］

Link Data Frame

Link Cost Data Frame

Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node

Passage Code Data Frame

　：


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Route Planning DistributionHeader

Node Data Frame

Link Data Frame

Array of Link Record 　［ #1 to #K for each Node ］

Link Cost Record Number

Attribute

Array of Regulation Record ［ #1 to #K for each Node ］

Upper Level Correspondence Record Number of the Node

　：


Array of Link Cost Data Record

Link ID

Cost (Ex. Link length , Average Traveling Time ）

　：

Data Frame Corresponding to the Upper Level Node


　：

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Level i

Level i+1Route Planning Data Frame

Route Planning DistributionHeader

Node Data Frame

Link Data Frame


Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Node

Number of Nodes Corresponding to the Upper Level [ Ｎ ]

Array of Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Node (#1 to #N)

Adjacent Information

Upper Level Node ID Number

Offset to the Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Link

Upper Level Correspondence Data Frame of the Link

Array of Upper Level Correspondence Record of the Link


　：

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Compression of the Volume of the Data

• Data management by the size of data– Kiwi format sets the fixed size for each data block a

nd manages whole size of the data

• Data management by flags– Kiwi format manages the existence of fluid data by f

lags which correspond to bits.

• Multi link structure– Kiwi format integrates the roads which have same a

ttribute, and describe the existence of a intersection.

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Data Frame A

Control Header

Size of Data Frame A

Control Flags 、 Header Size

Size of Data B

Size of Data E

Size of Data F

Expansion Data

Data B （ always stored ）Data C （ fixed length , always stored ）Data D （ fixed length ）Data E

Data F

Expansion Data

Delete flag of Data Frame A

Existence flag of Data D

Existence flag of Data E

Existence flag of Data F

Existence flag of Expansion Data (Data Frame A)

Size of Control Header

Data-Compression by size or flag （ Example ）

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shape

Node

Ｒｏａｄ　Ａ

ＮＡ０ＮＡ１ＮＡ２ＮＡ３ＮＡ４ＬＡ０

ＬＡ１ＬＡ２ＬＡ３

Attribute B Attribute 1



Attribute C Attribute 5

Attribute BAttribute 2

Attribute A Attribute 0

ＮＡ０ＮＡ２ＮＡ４ＬＡ０


Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Attribute 3 Attribute 4

Attribute B

Attribute forindividual link

Common attribute

ＮＡ１ＮＡ３

Ｒｏａｄ　 B

Links

Multilink

Link

Multi Link

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Node Record

Identical Node Infomation

Flags of each Additional Node Infomation

Offset to Additional Node Record

Additional Node Record

　：

Offset to route guidance data

Offset to Street Name data

Offset to Passage Regulation Information

　：

ＮＡ０ＮＡ２ＮＡ４ＬＡ０


Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Attribute 3 Attribute 4

Attribute A

Individuallink attribute

ＮＡ１ＮＡ３

Detailed attribute

Multilink

MultiLink Data Record

MultiLink Header

Flags for management 、 Size of each Infomation

Number of Nodes （Ｎ）

Attribute of MultiLink

MultiLink Shape Information （ Array of Link Shape 　Ｎ）

Attribute of Link 　（ Example ： Number of Shape Point （Ｋ））

( X 、Ｙ ) of Node

Array of ( X 、Ｙ ) of Shape Point 　（Ｋ）

Node and Link Connection Information （ Array of Node Record 　Ｎ）

Additional Node Information （ Array of Additional Node Record 　Ｎ）

Altitude Information

Passage Regulation Information

Temporal Information

Expansion Data

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The Expandability of the Data• The expandability of basic data

– Kiwi format prepares the expanding part so that expansion may not have any effect on the data reference

• Kiwi format manages the data by the number of elements and the volume of the data

• Kiwi format controls the expansion by the flags which correspond to the bits

– The expandability enables Kiwi format to expand in the future and to store the individual data by each manufacturers

• The structure of file– Kiwi format enables each manufacturers to store the individua

l data.• Html

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Data Frame A

Control Header

Size of Data Frame A

Control Flags 、 Header Size

Size of Data B

Size of Data E

Size of Data F

Expansion Data

Data B （ always Stored ）Data C （ fixed length, always stored ）Data D （ always stored ）Data E

Data F

Expansion Data

Delete flag of Data A

Existence flag of Data D

Existence flag of Data E

Existence flag of Data F

Existence flag of Extension Data (Data Frame A)

Size of Control Header

Control by Size

Control by Size and Flag

How to store expansion data （ Example ）

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Data Frame A

Control Header

　：

Offset and Size for each Basic / Extension Data Frame

Basic Data Frame 1 　（ Define Format ）Basic Data Frame 2 　（　　　〃　　）Basic Data Frame 3 　（　　　〃　　）Extension Data Frame 1 　（ Undefined Format ）Extension Data Frame 2 　（　　　〃　　）

Control Frame of Data Frame A

　：

Number of Basic / Extension Data Frame

Address / Size of Data Frame A Extension Data Frame 1

User ID

Data ID

Original Data

Extension Data Frame 2

User ID

Data ID

Original Data

cf.How to store original data (Example ）

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The Structure of Physical Data

All datamanagement frame

Root directory（ Address

Map ）

Area

ISO9660（ Volume ）

KIWI format file

Metadata

DSA to main mapmanagement frame

Main map data management frame

Route planning datamanagement frame

DSA to route planning data frame

Main map dataRoute planning

data・・

Data Volume

Start-up record

Root Directory

Loading

Directory

DirectoryPointer to

ALLDATA.KWI

Pointer to META.DATA

Pointer to LOADING.KWI

ALLDATA.KWI

Realdata frames

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Index Data• Information of index data to select the

destination• Search frame to narrow down the data and

point data to store the result of the search• The composition can be defined freely on

search frame and POI information

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Structure of Index Data

Management Data

Volume Management

Frame

Search Frame 1

POI Information 1

地点情報 3

Volume Management

Frame 2 Volume Management

Frame 3

POI Information 2

Search Frame 2 Search Frame 3

Search Frame 4

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Index Data• It defines the form of the search facility and search

data by signature of 4bits– Management of the volume

• Layer search 　 DSRC ： Define for Search• B-Tree search 　 DSBT ： Define for Search of Balanced Tree

– Search frame• SR50 ： Search by 50 on• SRJP ： Search by Japanese area

– Point information• Point information （ normal ）　• PINR ： Point Of Interest

（ normal)• Point information(data declaration) • DPOI ： Define for Point Of Interest

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An Example of Address SearchDetailed search information record

（ Address search ）

Prefecture-specificcategory

A Aichi prefecture

Nagoya city

Aomori prefecture

・

I Ishikawa prefecture

・

Wakayama prefecture

WA

City/Ward/Town/Village-specific category

主

主

Main area

Akabane town

Akubi town

・

NA Nagoya city

・

Main area

Main

A

Atsuta wardA

・

Main area

・

Main area主

・

Oaza/koaza/banchi-specific category

主

主

主 Main area

1-chome Akabane

2-chome Akabane

・

O 1-chome Akabane

・

Main area主

A

1-chome AkubiA

・

Main area主

・

Main area主

・

(Main area, Aichi prefecture)

(Main area,Akabaneprefecture)

(1-chome, Akabane, Akabane town,Aichi prefecture)

・

(main area Akubi town,Aichi prefecture)

・

(main area Nagoya city)

(main area Atsuta ward, Nagoya city)

・

(main area Kita ward, Nagoya city)

・

(main area Aomori prefecture)

・

Matching data

To POI information

Main

Main

Main

Main

Main

Main

(1-chome, Akabane, Akabane town,Aichi prefecture)

(1-chome, Akubi, Akubi town,Aichi prefecture)

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Applicability to Many Countries• Kiwi format has succeeded to overcome the difference between J

apan and U.S.A 　（ Ver1.22 ）

Japan

US

prefecture cities,towns,and villages

chou, azabanchi

(lot number)

street house numberstatecities,towns,and villages

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International standardization• In 1997, Kiwi format was proposed to be an

International standard as ISO/TC204/WG3(TICS database technology) 　 SWG3.2 （ Physical Storage Format ） at Kobe meeting.

• Under deliberation at present.

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Foundation of Kiwi-W consortium• In July of 2001, Kiwi-W consortium was founded as an o

rganization that promotes popularization of Kiwi format..• Kiwi-W consortium establishment preparation committee

– Aisin AW 　 Co., Ltd.– Increment P Ltd.– Xanavi Informatics Corporation– Zenrin Co., Ltd.– DENSO CORPORATION.– Honda Motor co., Ltd.– Mitsubishi Electric Corporation– Toyota Mapmaster Inc.

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Kiwi-W consortium• Aims at the achievement of the inter-

operability of the map disks with the use of Kiwi-W format.

• Defines necessary regulations, and discloses official information.

• Supports practical use. • Accelerates the spread of Navigation systems

in each country by defining the standard for the world.

• Nonprofit organization

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Activity• We issue and disclose the format

specifications and the operation regulations to use the Kiwi-W disk.

• We certificate and the manage the produced Kiwi-W disk.

• We disclose official information on Web site. • We work with related organization including

the ISO/TC204/WG3/SWG3.2• We propagate Kiwi-W format over related

enterprises.

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Document• Format specifications

– Basic chapter

– Expanded chapter

• Operation rules of the format

Kiwi format specifications

Kiwi-W format specifications

Operation guideline

The part submitted to ISO is disclosed free of cost

For limited members

For limited members

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Kiwi format specifications• Basic chapter• Submitted to ISO (=Ver1.22 / current)• Contents

– Chapter 1 Sentence rule– Chapter 2 Data composition in media

» 　» 　

– Chapter 33 Image data frame– Chapter 34 Voice data frame

• Disclosed free of cost.

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Kiwi-W format specifications• Expanded chapter• Defines expanded function which is not define

d in basic chapter• Defines format of each function on Index searc

h• Contents

– Chapter 51 The actually Index search» 　

– Chapter 60 Reference

• Disclosed only to the members.

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Operation guideline• Secures the inter-operability of data. • Defines the storage method and the

restrictions of each segment of data. – Preset value and explanation (In Japan and foreign

countries)– Preset value (min & max)– Regulations

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Certification• Each management company confirms the

inter-operability of proposed disk. • Each management company brings forward

the disk to secretariat with confirmation result.• The secretariat gives and manages

certification number to the applicant. – The information of the certification will be disclosed

on the Web site.

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Member regulations and fee• Qualification for members• Corporation or any division in corporation

• An individual honored member can join if there is approval of the management company

• Segment of members– Management companies– General member

• Start of recruiting new members– April, 2001

• Annual membership fee– Management company →\950,000 or $8,000– General member →\450,000 or $4,000

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Organization• Board member

– Chairman• Represents and generalizes Kiwi-W consortium

– Manager• Manages Kiwi-W consortium• Examines and produces the specifications• Plans and executes the commission

– Inspector

• Secretariat• Discloses the information

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Introduction of Ｋｉｗｉ－ W consortium members

【 Director （８ companies ）】AISIN AW CO.,LTD. ALPINE ELECTRONICS INC.INCREMENT P CORPORATION Xanavi Infomatics CorporationZENRIN CO.,LTD DENSO CORPORATIONTOYOTA MAPMASTER INC. MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION

【 Auditor （１ company ）】SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES,LTD

【 Members （１５ companies ）】 Clarion Co., Ltd. KENWOOD CORPORATION

JAPAN DIGITAL ROAD MAP ASSOCIATION SHINKA INFORMATION SYSTEM CO.,LTD SOUGOU SYSTEM SERVICE LTD. Tele Atlas JAPAN REPRESENTATIVE OFFICETOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION Navigations Technologies Kabushiki Kaisha IBM Japan, Ltd. Pioneer Corporation Hitachi Engineering Co., Ltd. Fujitsu LtdHonda Motor Co.,Ltd Matsushita Communication Industrial Co.,Ltd China Datong Industry Co.,Ltd.

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Activity in 2002• Publication of Kiwi instruction manual

– Comment on how to use Kiwi data

• Publicity activities to Korea and China– Setting of Korean branch and Chinese branch

• Creation of Kiwi Viewer– Offer to members in open source

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Future activity• Alteration of car navigation system

– HDD model, Memory model– Infrastructure of wireless

communication

HDDCD-ROM

DVD-ROM

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Investigation of new format• Correspondence to ReWritable media

– Current Kiwi format concludes information in the disc.

– Development of Kiwi-RW based on Kiwi

• Setting a seminar– Request for members’ participation

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The future of Kiwi format

Kiwi-W

Kiwi-RW

Kiwi

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Kiwi-W Consortium• Kiwi-W consortium Web site

– URL• http://kiwi-w.mapmaster.co.jp

– Inquiries• TOYOTA MAPMASTER INC.

7F Sumitomo-Seimei building, 2-14-19, Meieki-minami, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Japan

Zip code: 450-0003

PREPAIRED: Hamada and Fukumizu Mail:[email protected]

© 2002 kiwi-w consortium 1 kiwi format and telematics kiwi-w consortium takahiko hamada...

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