2002 prentice hall chapter 10 inside the internet and the web
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall
Chapter 10
Inside the Internet and the Web
![Page 2: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 2
The Internet: A Network of Networks
Internet Applications: Communication and Connection
Inside the World Wide Web
The Evolving Internet
Topics
“It’s a bit like climbing a mountain. You don’t know how far you’ve come until you stop and look back.”
Vint Cerf
![Page 3: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 3
The Internet is an interconnected network of thousands of networks linking academic, research, government, and commercial institutions.
The Internet: A Network of Networks
![Page 4: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 4
The Internet provides scientists, engineers, educators, students, business people, and others with a variety of services such as:
Electronic mail (send/receive mail messages) Remote login (Telnet - access to other computers)
Internet Services
![Page 5: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 5
Internet Services
Transferring files (FTP - accessing archives of data)
Newsgroups (Usenet - on-line public discussions)
World Wide Web (a collection of multimedia documents)
![Page 6: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 6
Counting Connections
Today, the Internet connects computers to about every country in the world. However, the Internet is:
growing too fast to measure its growth too decentralized to quantify a network with no hard boundaries
![Page 7: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 7
The language at the heart of the Internet is TCP/IP…
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Allows cross-network communication
Internet Protocols
![Page 8: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 8
Internet Protocols
TCP breaks messages into packets Each packet has all the information needed to travel
from network to network Host systems called Routers determine how to route
transmissions
![Page 9: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 9
Internet Protocols
IP is the address for the packets Each Internet host computer has a unique IP Address Each address is comprised of four sets of numbers
separated by periods, such as 123.23.168.22
![Page 10: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 10
Internet Addresses
The host is named using DNS (domain name system), which translates IP addresses into a string of names.
“Each person on the “Internet” has a unique e-mail “address” created by having a squirrel run across a computer
keyboard.”
Dave Barry
![Page 11: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 11
Internet Addresses
Top level domains include: .edu - educational sites
.com - commercial sites
.gov - government sites
.mil - military sites
.net - network administration sites
.org - nonprofit organizations
![Page 12: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 12
Internet Addresses
An Internet address includes: [email protected]
username is the person’s “mailbox”
hostname is the name of the host computer and is followed by one or more domains separated by periods:
– host.subdomain.domain
– host.domain
– host.subdomain.subdomain.domain
![Page 13: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 13
Internet Addresses
Examples:
User President whose mail is stored on the host whitehouse in the government domain
User hazel_filbert at the server for Lane County, Oregon, k-12 school district
![Page 14: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 14
Direct (dedicated) Connection Computer has its own IP address and
is attached to a LAN
No need to dial up
Files are stored on your computer
Response time is quick
Internet Access Options
![Page 15: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 15
Internet Access Options
Dialup Connections limited connection using a modem Full access dial up uses SLIP or PPP via modem
Broadband Connections
DSL service is newer, faster, and cheaper than ISDN
Can share phone line with voice traffic
![Page 16: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 16
Internet Access Options
Cable Modem Connection allow Internet connections using shared TV cables can exceed DSL speeds Carry increased privacy and security risks
Satellite Connections provides connections using DirecTV satellite dishes
![Page 17: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 17
Internet Access Options
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) local ISPs provide connections through
local telephone lines national ISPs offer connections on a
nationwide scale
![Page 18: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 18
The Internet use the client/server model for most Internet applications.
In the client/server model a client program asks for information, and a server program fields the request and provides the requested information from databases and documents.
Internet Applications:Communication and Connection
![Page 19: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 19
An email server acts like a local post office for a particular Internet host—a business, an organization, or an ISP.
File servers are common within LANs, but they’re also used to share programs, media files, and other computer data across the Internet.
Internet Applications:Communication and Connection
![Page 20: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 20
File transfer protocol (FTP) allows users to download files from remote servers to their computers and to upload files.
File compression saves storage space on disk and saves transmission time when files are transferred through networks.
Internet Applications:Communication and Connection
![Page 21: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 21
An application server stores applications- PC office applications, databases, or other applications - and makes them available to client programs that request them.
An application server might be housed at an application service provider (ASP) - a company that manages and delivers application services on a contract basis.
A Web server stores Web pages and sends pages to client Web browsers.
Internet Applications:Communication and Connection
![Page 22: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 22
WWW is a distributed browsing and searching system developed at CERN
System was designed to give Internet documents unique addresses
HTML language was created for encoding and displaying documents
Browser software was built for viewing documents from remote locations
Inside the Web
![Page 23: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 23
Inside the Web
Web pages are made up of text and images
A Web site is a collection of web pages
A Home page is the main entry to a Web site
A Web browser like Netscape Communicator or Internet Explorer allows you to explore the Web by clicking links
Web site Jargon:
![Page 24: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 24
Inside the Web
Hyperlinks (links) are words or pictures that act as buttons, allowing you to go to another Web page
Links are typically underlined or displayed in a different color
![Page 25: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 25
Inside the Web
More Web site Jargon
Links allow you to locate information without knowing its exact location (it may move from time to time)
Back and Forward buttons let you retrace your steps
Bookmarks and Favorites can be set up to mark your favorite Web locations
![Page 26: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 26
Web Addresses
Pronounced Earl…like the name
A typical URL looks like this:
http://www.prenhall.com.beekman
![Page 27: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 27
Web Addresses
Protocol for Web pages
Dissecting Web Page address:
http:// www.vote-smart.org/
Path to the host
Resource Page
help/database.html
![Page 28: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 28
Publishing on the Web
An HTML document includes codes that determines the format, layout, and structure of a Web document
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
HTML is not WYSIWYG
![Page 29: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 29
Publishing on the Web
This text coded as HTML …
Appears like this on the screen …
<H1>Welcome to Computer Confluence</H1><b>Publishing on the Web</b>
![Page 30: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 30
Publishing on the Web
Alternatives to HTML…
Programs that convert document format features into HTML codes
Microsoft Word, FileMaker
Web authoring programs HomePage, GoLive, FrontPage
![Page 31: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 31
From Hypertext to Multimedia
Tables
Frames
Forms
Downloadable audio and video
Streaming audio and video
Real-time live audio or video
3-D environments
Typical Web pages can contain:
![Page 32: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 32
From Hypertext to Multimedia
Plug-Ins are software extensions that add new features. Examples include…
QuickTime
Shockwave/Flash
RealPlayer
Acrobat
![Page 33: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 33
Beyond HTML
Dynamic HTML:adds more programming power to HTML by allowing code to automatically modify itself under certain circumstances
JavaScript: a simple language for enhancing HTML Web pages
![Page 34: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 34
Beyond HTML
WML Wireless Markup Language helps create Web documents
containing stock quotes, phone numbers, and other small nuggets of information
XML Will replace HTML plus provide additional features and
extensions
VRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language creates 3-D virtual worlds
![Page 35: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
2002 Prentice Hall 35
Beyond HTML
Java A full-featured, cross platform, object-oriented programming
language
Java applets Small Java programs that can be automatically downloaded
onto your client computer and can run on any platform
![Page 36: 2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 10 Inside the Internet and the Web](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649d975503460f94a80914/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)