© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPascal Thubert 1

The Internet Sensory System

Pascal Thubert – IP Technology Center (pthubert@cisco.com)

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Sensors as a service feed

New Knowledge

Improve Productivity

Healthcare

Agricultural

Energy Saving (I2E)

Predictive maintenance

Industrial Automation Health

Smart Home

Defense

High-Confidence Transport and assets tracking

Intelligent Building

Smart Cities

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Agenda

Sensor-based services

Networking sensors

The fringe of the Internet

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Sensor-basedservices

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Building automation

Today:Highly fragmented market

Limited to no IP/wireless

Dominated by BACNet (20%MS)

Lacking open infrastructure

Potential services: Remote Management

Energy savings

Regulation

Security

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Smart cities

Today:Slowing mesh networks development

Few applications

video-surveillance, municipal info

Potential services: Automation (watering)

Monitoring (pollution)

Energy/Water savings

Water leak detection

Traffic Regulation

Physical Security

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Home Automation

Today:Lots of wires

Some powerline

ISP presence (FT)

Potential servicesEnergy/Water savings

Home security

Home Safety

Remote healthcare

Telemetry / billing

Air quality monitoring

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Power grid

Emerging access technologyPowerLine (Networking) Communications

Broadband PowerLine

Low frequency (<kHz) applications for UtilityAutomatic meter reading

Load control

Energy balancing

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Converged network

Scalable Plug & Play

High Availability

Network virtualization

Open Standards (IPv6)

standard network abstraction and services

Plant / building / home network

Plant / building / home network

Direction

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IP to the Sensors

New services and applications

M2M, remote management

New Markets

Process Control for factories

Control and Automation

for home, building, cities

Larger Core Market

Open standards to the sensor

Lower cost

More connected devices and new applications

A wider Internet

Shaping the future

Internet of things

Think of VoIP as a model…

…but for a great many…

…of tiny devices, everywhere.

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Networking sensors

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Which Network for the M2M Generation?

Video SurveillanceFactory Sensors

Ubiquitous PnPNetworking

Vehicle to Vehicle

Business Drivers

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No Way to Extend the Internet Model There

The Requirements for M2M

Simple as power plugExtends the reach and the scale of the internet inside homes and factories

Safe vs. securedNot necessarily a trust model in place

Anonymity and innocuousness can suffice

I.e., tit for tat or credit-based

Access to local servicesDDNS, service discovery

Always reachableFrom everywhere as opposed to by everyone

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What Is Ad-Hoc?

• AutomatedSelf-forming, self-healing, self-optimizing

No network architects

• On-demandSelf centric

Scaling to self needs (usually limited)

Transient

Divergent (in and outs)

• But not necessarilyLocal (can be a wide area)

Unsecured (this is a policy matter)

Host to host like 802.11

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NCP Generation With:• All transmission groups to L2 peers• All physical units type 4 nodes, • All virtual routes

Router CLI With:• ID, keys.• All links to L2 peers• Routes are discovered—Single ‘GRID’

Router Only Knows “Self” With:• ID, certificates• Peers are discovered• Links are discovered• Routes are discovered—Infinity of self-centric networks

A Sense of History

Scale

SNA Subarea

IPv4 Routing

IPv6 Ad-Hoc

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The fringe

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The Routing Infrastructure Today

The InternetFully engineered

Hierarchical, aggregations, ASs, wire links

Fully distributed states

Shows limits (BGP tables, addr. depletion)

Reached adult size, mature to aging

IntranetsSame structure as the internet

Yet decoupled from the internetNAT, socks, proxies

First model for internet extension

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The Emerging Fringe of the Internet

802.11s mesh networksFixed ad-hoc radio access

Getting pervasive (citywide)

Mobile ad-hoc networkingDynamic and contextual edge

Mobile ad-hoc reachability

Network mobilityMobile global reachability

Wide area ad-hoc networks overlaid on the infrastructure by route projection

The Fringe Does Not Leak into the Routing Infrastructure

56

78

CB

1

32

A4

A’s Home

B’sHome

MANETMESH

NEMO

Fixed Wired Infrastructure

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We Might Be at the Eve of Pervasive Networking, a Vision for the Internet Where Every Person and Every Device Is Connected to the Network in the Ultimate Realization of Metcalf's Law

Towards Pervasive Networking

A new model to scale the internet with self and group-centric abstractions of the network on-demand routing overlaid on the current IP infrastructure

Self-forming, self-healing networks, self-aware nodes

With no prior knowledge of the transient peers and links in some tit for tat, anonymous and innocuous cooperation

Always reachable nodes By the precious few with the relevant needs and rights enjoying

unrestricted mobility over wireless connectivity

Atomic networks with all the necessary application support

Support merging and splitting dynamically, interconnecting logical administrative domains within and in between nodes

And more

Integrating:

IPv6

MANET/ROLL

NEMO

Services

Applications

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The golden path

VisionSensors and actuators using Internet technology

That’s Billions of devices in the next 10 years

Innerving the skin if the Internet

Enabling new services and applications

StepsIPv6 for automation open standards (ISA100.11a)

IPv6 for Low power and lossy networks (6LoWPAN and ROLL)

Apply standards where needed (home, building, power grid)

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Why IP ?

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New applications pretty much every day … but …

The number of proprietary solutions has exploded: Z-Wave, Xmesh, SmartMesh/TSMP, … at many layers (physical, MAC, L3) and most chip vendor claim to be compatible with their own standard

Many non-interoperable “solutions” addressing specific problems (“My application is specific” syndrome)

• Different Architectures,

• Different Protocols

=> Prevents ubiquitous services and applications

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What ? A Layered architecture => flexible,

Where ? The End to End design principle,

How ? Separation of the networks from the services: IP indifferent to PHY and applications,

Why ? The Internet as a platform for innovation. No central gatekeeper exerting control over the Internet.

A few key design principles of the Internet

Source: Prepared statement of Vint Cerf - Feb ‘07

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Sensor networks will be made of a number of links: 802.15.4, Low Power 802.11, Low power Buetooth but also wired links

The solution MUST support a variety of links (IP) while understanding the links characteristics (use of abstraction layer).

IP provide an abstraction layer between the radio network technologies and the applications and services

A FUNDAMENTAL requirement