© 2006 SOUTH-WESTERN EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING

11th EditionHulbert & Miller

Effective English for Colleges

Chapter 10PUNCTUATION

Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller Chapter 10, Slide 2

Learning Objectives

2222To use correct internal punctuationTo use correct internal punctuation

1111To use appropriate end-of-sentence punctuationTo use appropriate end-of-sentence punctuation

Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller Chapter 10, Slide 3

End-of-Sentence Punctuation THE PERIOD ends declarative and imperative

sentences, indirect questions, courteous requests, and sentence fragments that are treated as sentences.

THE QUESTION MARK ends direct questions, each question in a series, and directly quoted questions.

THE EXCLAMATION POINT ends sentences expressing strong emotion and directly quoted exclamations.

Refer to CHECKPOINT 1.

Refer to APPLICATION 10-1.

Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller Chapter 10, Slide 4

Common Internal Punctuation

Use internal periods as decimal points and in lists. Use internal periods to punctuate

Initials or abbreviations in a person’s name. Abbreviated titles and within academic degrees. Abbreviations of company names and geographic

locations. Abbreviated words and foreign expressions.

Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller Chapter 10, Slide 5

Common Internal Punctuation(continued)

Punctuate with only one period when an abbreviation ends a sentence.

Do not use internal periods to punctuate Most units of measurements. Most capital letter abbreviations or acronyms of

organizational names. Most other capitalized abbreviations or lowercase

acronyms. Two-letter state abbreviations.

Refer to CHECKPOINT 2.

Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller Chapter 10, Slide 6

Common Internal Punctuation(continued)

Use a comma Before a conjunction that joins independent clauses. After an introductory word, phrase, or clause that precedes the

subject and verb of an independent clause. To set off nonessential words, phrases, or clauses (parenthetical

expressions). To separate each item in a series. To separate consecutive adjectives that independently modify

the same noun. In place of an omitted element that is understood from a

preceding element.

Refer to CHECKPOINTS 3 and 4.

Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller Chapter 10, Slide 7

Common Internal Punctuation(continued)

Use a comma In addresses and geographic references. In date formats to separate the month and day from the

year. To set off academic degrees or titles that follow names. To abbreviate people and company names based on

preference. With numbers of four or more digits. To separate a direct quotation from other sentence

elements.

Refer to CHECKPOINT 5.

Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller Chapter 10, Slide 8

Common Internal Punctuation(continued)

Use the semicolon To signify a strong break in a compound sentence. To separate items in a series when the items contain commas.

Use the colon After an introductory statement that directs attention to

explanatory or illustrative information that follows. In expressions of time. After salutations in messages using mixed punctuation.

Refer to CHECKPOINTS 6 and 7.Refer to APPLICATIONS 10-2 through 10-6.

Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller Chapter 10, Slide 9

Italics (or underline) identify titles of identify titles of

complete works or complete works or emphasize words.emphasize words.

Italics (or underline) identify titles of identify titles of

complete works or complete works or emphasize words.emphasize words.

Apostrophes show possession, show possession,

indicate omissions in indicate omissions in contractions, and create contractions, and create

certain plural forms.certain plural forms.

Apostrophes show possession, show possession,

indicate omissions in indicate omissions in contractions, and create contractions, and create

certain plural forms.certain plural forms.

Quotation marks indicate direct quotations, indicate direct quotations, unusual words, subunits of unusual words, subunits of

published works, and published works, and various other titles.various other titles.

Quotation marks indicate direct quotations, indicate direct quotations, unusual words, subunits of unusual words, subunits of

published works, and published works, and various other titles.various other titles.

Miscellaneous Punctuation MarksMiscellaneous Punctuation Marks

Hyphens connect the elements of connect the elements of some compound words some compound words

and connect some prefixes and connect some prefixes and base words.and base words.

Hyphens connect the elements of connect the elements of some compound words some compound words

and connect some prefixes and connect some prefixes and base words.and base words.

Parentheses enclose extraenclose extrainformation.information.

Parentheses enclose extraenclose extrainformation.information.

Dashes set off nonessential or set off nonessential or

essential elements.essential elements.

Dashes set off nonessential or set off nonessential or

essential elements.essential elements.

Brackets enclose words that are notenclose words that are notpart of the quoted material.part of the quoted material.

Brackets enclose words that are notenclose words that are notpart of the quoted material.part of the quoted material.

Ellipses show where words have been show where words have been omitted from quoted material.omitted from quoted material.

Ellipses show where words have been show where words have been omitted from quoted material.omitted from quoted material.

Effective English for Colleges, 11e, by Hulbert & Miller Chapter 10, Slide 10

Punctuation Practice

Refer to CHECKPOINTS 8 through 13.

Refer to APPLICATIONS 10-7 through 10-9.

Refer to CHECKPOINT 14.

Refer to CHAPTER 10 REVIEW.

Refer to APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE.