© 2010 mcgraw-hill companies. all rights reserved. aging: a vital process chapter 22
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© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
Aging: A Vital ProcessChapter 22
© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
Aging
•The process of becoming older, a process that is genetically determined by t profoundly affected by one’s environment.
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Generating Vitality As You Age
•Physical and mental change occur gradually, over a lifetime.
•What Happens as you age?▫Characteristics associated with aging are
not due to aging at all. Result of neglect and abuse of our bodies and
minds
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Table 22.1 Americans Who Rate Their Health as Fair or Poor, 2007
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Life-Enhancing measures: Age-Proofing• Challenge your mind
▫Older adults who stay mentally active have a lower risk of developing dementia Reading Doing puzzles Learning language Studying music
• Develop Physical Fitness▫Enhances both psychological and physical health
• Eat Wisely▫Eating a varied diet full of nutrient-rich foods▫Follow the recommendations in the 2005 Dietary
Guidelines for Americans5
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Life-Enhancing measures: Age-Proofing•Maintain a Healthy Weight
A program that expends more calories through exercise, cutting calorie intake, or a combination of both.
•Control Drinking and Overdependence on Medications
•Don’t Smoke•Schedule Physical Examinations to Detect
Treatable Diseases•Recognize and Reduce Stress
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Dealing With The Changes Of Aging•Planning for Social Changes
▫Retirement▫Important relationships▫Developing satisfying interests outside
work▫Saving for an adequate retirement income
•Changing Roles and Relationships•Increased Leisure Time•The Economics of Retirement
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Adapting to Physical Changes• Hearing Loss• Vision Changes
▫ Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Slow disintegration of the macula (tissue at the center of
the retina)▫ Presbyopia▫ Cataracts
• Arthritis▫ 100 different types of arthritis
Osteoarthritis is the most common• Menopause
▫ Usually occurs during a woman’s forties or fifties▫ Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
• Osteoporosis8
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Handling Psychological and Mental Changes•Dementia
▫Brain deterioration in elderly individuals▫Affects 7% of people under the age of 80▫Two types of dementia
1. Alzheimer’s diseasea. By changed in brain nerve cells
2. Multi-infarct dementiaa. Series of small strokes or changes in the
brain’s blood supply that destroy brain tissue
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Handling Psychological and Mental Changes•Grief
▫Dealing with grief and morning▫Aging is associated with loss
•Depression▫Unresolved grief can lead to depression, a
common problem in older adults
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Aging And Life Expectancy
•Life expectancy▫Average length of time we can expect to
live.▫2006 – Life expectancy for the total
population was 78.1 years Average life expectancy of white Americans is
78.5 years Average life expectancy of black Americans is
73.6 years▫Maximum Life span – 100-120 years
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Life In An Aging America
•America’s Aging Minority▫People 65 and over are a large minority
Over 37.3 million people About 12% of the total population in 2006 Expected to double by 2030
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Figure 22.2 A Statistical Look At Older Americans
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Table 22.3 Percentage of Older Americans with Chronic Conditions, 2005
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Family and Community Resources for Older Adults
•66% of noninstitutionalized older Americans live with a spouse or family member.
•30% live alone•Only 4% live in institutional setting•Over the age of 85, about 15% live in a
nursing home.
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Family and Community Resources for Older Adults• Family Involvement in Caregiving
▫ Medical power of attorney• Other Living and Care Options• Community Resources
▫ Senior citizens’ centers or adult day-care centers▫ Homemaker services▫ Visiting nurses▫ Household services▫ Friendly visitor or daily telephone reassurance services▫ Home food delivery▫ Adult day hospital care▫ Low-cost legal aid▫ Transportation services▫ Case management
• Transportation
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Family and Community Resources for Older Adults• Governmental Aid and Policies
▫Food stamps▫Housing subsides▫Social Security▫Medicare
Two parts of funding Payroll deduction by FICA tax Monthly premiums paid by people who choose to
enroll Pays about 30% of the medical costs of older
Americans▫Medicaid▫Changing the Public’s Idea of Aging 17
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Chapter 22
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