© 2011 mcgraw-hill higher education. all rights reserved. presentation package for concepts of...

© 2011 © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Presentation Package for Presentation Package for Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 9eConcepts of Fitness & Wellness 9e

Concept 21Concept 21Preventing Preventing

Sexually Sexually Transmitted Transmitted

InfectionsInfectionsSafe sex and sound information about sexually Safe sex and sound information about sexually transmitted infections are important to health transmitted infections are important to health

and wellness.and wellness.


Presentation Presentation OverviewOverview•TerminologyTerminology

•General FactsGeneral Facts•HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS•Common STIsCommon STIs▫Causes, symptoms, cures, Causes, symptoms, cures, risks, and preventionrisks, and prevention

•Reasons for Risk Among Reasons for Risk Among Young PeopleYoung People

2Online Learning Center

Discussion ActivityDiscussion Activity


TerminologyTerminology•STDSTDSTI – broader termSTI – broader term•Can be infected for many Can be infected for many years before signs of years before signs of disease begin to occur (e.g., disease begin to occur (e.g., HIV/AIDs)HIV/AIDs)•STI better captures the STI better captures the range of outcomesrange of outcomes

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General FactsGeneral Facts•Healthy sexual experience Healthy sexual experience all wellness dimensions all wellness dimensions•Good physical health Good physical health contributes to an active contributes to an active and satisfying sex lifeand satisfying sex life•Unsafe sexual activity Unsafe sexual activity disease, poor health, disease, poor health, pain, sufferingpain, suffering

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Photo: Creative Commons Flickr


Sexually Transmitted Sexually Transmitted InfectionsInfections

1.1.Bacterial Bacterial (antibiotics)(antibiotics)▫ChlamydiaChlamydia▫GonorrheaGonorrhea▫SyphilisSyphilis

2.2.ViralViral▫HIVHIV▫Genital HerpesGenital Herpes▫HPVHPV

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HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS•Greatest health threat to the Greatest health threat to the worldworld

•Worldwide HIV/AIDS epidemicWorldwide HIV/AIDS epidemic▫1.7 million infected each year1.7 million infected each year▫33 million currently living with HIV33 million currently living with HIV

•Incidence increasing Incidence increasing disproportionately among women disproportionately among women and minoritiesand minorities

•HIV attacks the immune systemHIV attacks the immune system•AIDS is when infected with HIV AIDS is when infected with HIV and develop opportunistic and develop opportunistic diseasesdiseases

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HIV transmissionHIV transmission•3 mechanisms of transmission3 mechanisms of transmission

1.1.Sexual activitySexual activity2.2.Contact with infected blood Contact with infected blood (needle sharing)(needle sharing)

3.3.Transmission from an infected Transmission from an infected mother to childmother to child

•Spread by contact with body fluidsSpread by contact with body fluids(blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast (blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk)milk)

•NOT transmitted through the air, NOT transmitted through the air, saliva, sweat, or urinesaliva, sweat, or urine

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Preventing HIV/AIDSPreventing HIV/AIDS•Personal level Personal level - responsibility for - responsibility for reducing risky behaviorsreducing risky behaviors▫AbstinenceAbstinence▫Safe Sex Safe Sex

new condoms each timenew condoms each time lifetime partnerlifetime partner

▫Get Tested – Get Tested – early detection controls spread of early detection controls spread of AIDSAIDS

•National/International level National/International level - - Increasing awareness of and Increasing awareness of and education about riskseducation about risks

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Recent Developments Recent Developments with AIDSwith AIDS•Self-testing kitsSelf-testing kits•No cure, but treatments have No cure, but treatments have improvedimproved

•Early treatment reduces death ratesEarly treatment reduces death rates•Improvements in drug therapies Improvements in drug therapies raise concerns about increases in raise concerns about increases in high-risk sexual behaviorhigh-risk sexual behavior

•Search for a vaccine for HIV is well Search for a vaccine for HIV is well underway, though no vaccine is underway, though no vaccine is currently availablecurrently available

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Human PapillomavirusHuman Papillomavirus (HPV)(HPV)•Often not aware of infectionOften not aware of infection•Short term - asymptomaticShort term - asymptomatic•RisksRisks▫Causes genital warts, Causes genital warts,

but most do not developbut most do not develop▫Leading cause of Leading cause of

cervical cancercervical cancer•PreventionPrevention: : Gardisil vaccinationGardisil vaccination▫Only required in Only required in

Virginia & Washington D.C.Virginia & Washington D.C.

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ChlamydiaChlamydia•Most commonly reported (past Most commonly reported (past decade)decade)

•““Silent” STI - most have no symptomsSilent” STI - most have no symptoms•SymptomsSymptoms▫Men – penis discharge, burning sensation Men – penis discharge, burning sensation

when urinatingwhen urinating▫Women – same, plus lower ab or back Women – same, plus lower ab or back

pain, intercourse pain, bleeding between pain, intercourse pain, bleeding between periodsperiods

•RisksRisks▫Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) ▫Other secondary health problemsOther secondary health problems

•TreatmentTreatment: antibiotics: antibiotics

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GonorrheaGonorrhea•Second most commonly Second most commonly reported STIreported STI

•Transmitted primarily through Transmitted primarily through sexual activitysexual activity

•SymptomsSymptoms▫Occur within 3 to 7 days after bacteria Occur within 3 to 7 days after bacteria

enters systementers system▫painful urination, penile drip or painful urination, penile drip or

discharge, vaginal dischargedischarge, vaginal discharge•CureCure: antibiotic: antibiotic•RisksRisks: PID : PID infertility infertility

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Hepatitis BHepatitis B•Spread through unprotected sex, IV Spread through unprotected sex, IV drug use, or mother drug use, or mother baby baby▫Rare transmission through blood Rare transmission through blood

transfusion or other contact with transfusion or other contact with infected bloodinfected blood

•SymptomsSymptoms▫jaundice, fatigue, ab pain, loss of jaundice, fatigue, ab pain, loss of

appetite, nauseaappetite, nausea•RisksRisks: Chronic infection : Chronic infection liver liver disease disease premature death premature death

•PreventionPrevention: vaccine: vaccine

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Genital HerpesGenital Herpes•Among the most commonly spread Among the most commonly spread due to lack of awareness of infectiondue to lack of awareness of infection

•CauseCause: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)•SymptomsSymptoms: lesions/blisters on penis : lesions/blisters on penis vagina, or cervix 2 to 12 days after vagina, or cervix 2 to 12 days after infection infection last a week to a month last a week to a month

•CureCure: none (will always carry virus): none (will always carry virus)•RisksRisks: cervical cancer, transmission : cervical cancer, transmission to unbornto unborn

•PreventionPrevention: condoms or abstinence: condoms or abstinence

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SyphilisSyphilis•Less common now Less common now (prevalent in the 1940s)(prevalent in the 1940s)

•CauseCause: bacteria: bacteria•SymptomsSymptoms: chancre sores at : chancre sores at site of sexual contactsite of sexual contact

•Primary & secondary phasesPrimary & secondary phases•CureCure: antibiotics: antibiotics•RisksRisks: blindness, deafness, : blindness, deafness, othersothers

•Prevention and early detectionPrevention and early detection

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Lesser-known STIsLesser-known STIs•Genital warts - caused by HPVGenital warts - caused by HPV▫Self-administered remediesSelf-administered remedies

•Pubic crab licePubic crab lice▫Highly distressingHighly distressing▫Over-the-counter treatmentsOver-the-counter treatments

•ChancroidChancroid▫Most common in developing countriesMost common in developing countries▫Very low rates in the USVery low rates in the US▫Known risk factor for HIV Known risk factor for HIV

transmission, and should be treated transmission, and should be treated promptly with antibioticspromptly with antibiotics

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Reasons for Risk Reasons for Risk Among Young PeopleAmong Young People

• Perceive they are not at riskPerceive they are not at risk• Lack knowledge of Lack knowledge of

safe sex strategiessafe sex strategies• ““everyone is doing it”everyone is doing it”• Do not get tested regularlyDo not get tested regularly• Condom use less likelyCondom use less likely• Serial Monogamy – multiple Serial Monogamy – multiple

committed relationships committed relationships increases riskincreases risk

18Lab 21a Lab 21a informationinformation



SummarySummary•Bacterial and viral STIs, Bacterial and viral STIs, some with no symptomssome with no symptoms

•Prevention through safe Prevention through safe sex and regular sex and regular screeningsscreenings

•It can happen to you!It can happen to you!

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Be smart! If you Be smart! If you are are

having sex, use having sex, use protection!protection!

End of End of presentationpresentation



Supplemental Supplemental InformationInformation

Lab InformationLab InformationDiscussion Discussion ActivityActivity

Online Learning Center


Lab 21a InformationLab 21a InformationSTI Risk QuestionnaireSTI Risk Questionnaire

•Complete the STI Risk survey Complete the STI Risk survey for yourself or someone close for yourself or someone close to youto you

•Sum up the points and Sum up the points and determine ratingdetermine rating

•What recommendations would What recommendations would you have for that personyou have for that person

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Discussion ActivityDiscussion Activity•What do you think are the What do you think are the samesame reasons why both men and reasons why both men and women report for engaging in women report for engaging in sex?sex?

•What do you think are the What do you think are the differentdifferent reasons men and women reasons men and women report for engaging in sex?report for engaging in sex?

Answer in terms of the wellness Answer in terms of the wellness dimensions.dimensions.

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