© 2011 pearson education, inc. t1/24/12 ethnic distribution ch. 7.1 – pp. 206-217
TRANSCRIPT
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
T1/24/12
Ethnic DistributionCh. 7.1 – pp. 206-217
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Intro: Ethnicity
• Ethnicity = from the Greek ethnikos, meaning “national”– Ethnicities share a cultural identity with
people from the same homeland– Ethnicities have distinctive cultural traits
• Race = people who share a biological ancestor
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I. Distribution of Ethnicities in the U.S.
A. Clustering of Ethnicities
1. Regional Concentration of Ethnicities– Hispanics (Latinos) = 15%of the U.S. pop.
• clustered in SW
– African Americans = 13% of the U.S. pop.• clustered in SE
– Asian Americans = 4% of the U.S. pop. • clustered on west coast
– American Indians = 1% of the U.S. pop.• clustered in reservations (SW & Great Plains)
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Distribution of Hispanics in the U.S.
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Distribution of African Americans in the U.S.
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Distribution of Asian Americans in the U.S.
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Distribution of American Indians in the U.S.
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2. Concentration of Ethnicities in U.S. Cities
• 90%of African Americans and Hispanics live in cities
• Remnants of 20th Cent. European migration still evident on the landscape
• Example: clustering of restaurants in Little Italy, Greektown
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Distribution of Ethnicities in Chicago and Los Angeles
Figure 7-5 Figure 7-6
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B. African American Migration Patterns
• Three major migration patterns1. Forced migration from Africa (17th & 18th Cent.)
• The triangular slave trade
2. Immigration from the South to northern cities (c. 1915-1950)
• aka “The Great Migration”• Identifiable paths of migration
3. Immigration out of inner cities to other urban areas (c. 1950-present)
• formation of the ghetto
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Triangular Slave Pattern
Figure 7-8
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African American Migration in the United States (Twentieth Century)
Figure 7-10
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II. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race
• Often confusing• based on 19th Cent. assumptions of race
• Race = traits that are shared genetically• Biological features within one racial group are
highly variable • biological classification of people into distinct
racial groups is meaningless
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II. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race
A. Race in the U.S.– census definitions including “multi-racial”
•Spatial effects of racism• greater isolation• social vs. political• segregation & apartheid
•“Separate but equal”•“White flight”
» Blockbusting– Apartheid in South Africa
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II. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race
A. Segregation in America
•“Separate but Equal” Doctrine– Plessy v. Ferguson case (1896)
• de jure (“by law”) segregation • mostly in south, some midwestern (KN)• ends legally in 1960’s – Civil Rights Act (1964)
•“White flight” (“middle-class flight”)
– post-WWII (esp. 1960’s & 1970’s)• creates de facto (“by fact or reality”) segregation• more common in north, midwest & west
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II. Differentiating Ethnicity and Race
A. Segregation in America (cont.)– Blockbusting
• reinforced de facto segregation
B. Segregation in Other Countries
•Apartheid in South Africa– Policy of strict racial separation
• created in post-WWII S.A.• ended in early 1990’s• Nelson Mandela – imprisoned, later President
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Apartheid
Figure 7-13