© 2012 pearson education, inc. which of the following events marks the onset of development? a....

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following events marks the onset of development?

a. birthb. fertilizationc. end of the embryonic periodd. implantation


Fertilization occurs in the _______ within _____.

a. cervix; 7 days of ovulation

b. uterine cavity; 3 days of ovulation

c. infundibulum; 4 days of ovulation

d. ampulla-isthmus junction; 1 day of ovulation


During fertilization of the oocyte, ______ spermatozoa create a puncture of the ______. Then ___ contact(s) the membrane of the oocyte for activation.

a. one; corona radiata; manyb. two; corona albicans; onec. many; corona radiata; oned. one; corona albicans; many


What is an important enzyme involved in the penetration of the oocyte during fertilization?

a. amphimixinb. hyaluronidasec. acrosind. both B and C


What process of chemical interplay among developing cells prompts the differentiation of other embryonic cells?

a. amphimixisb. inductionc. gestationd. cleavage


What is the developmental fate of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst?

a. It becomes part of the placenta.b. It becomes part of the yolk sac.c. It becomes the amnion.d. It becomes an embryo.


Improper development of which of the extraembryonic membranes affects the cardiovascular system?

a. yolk sacb. amnionc. allantoisd. chorion


Which of the three embryonic germ layers consists of cells that do NOT migrate to the interior of the inner cell mass?

a. mesoderm

b. endoderm

c. ectoderm

d. portions of all the layers do not migrate


Which body system develops from all three embryonic germ layers?

a. integumentary systemb. skeletal systemc. endocrine systemd. digestive system


Which event below is a factor that would influence delivery of the fetus?

a. Estrogen levels increase and increase the sensitivity of smooth muscle to oxytocin.

b. Relaxin is secreted and dilates the cervix of the uterus.

c. Prostaglandin release stretches the uterine wall.

d. All of the above are correct.


What is (are) the important function(s) of the placenta?

a. It produces hormones that affect maternal systems.

b. It produces fetal hormones.

c. It is a route for waste elimination and supplying fetal tissues with nutrients.

d. Both A and C are correct.


Why does a mother’s blood volume increase during pregnancy?

a. Much of her blood is transferred to the fetus.

b. Fetal metabolic activity increases maternal PO2 and decreases PCO2.

c. Much of her blood is redirected to the placenta.

d. Maternal EPO production decreases.


What are the important roles of hCG in maintaining pregnancy?

a. It helps corpus luteum persist throughout the first trimester.

b. It promotes continued secretion of progesterone.

c. It suppresses the release of oxytocin.

d. Both A and B are correct.


Why is it more detrimental for a pregnant woman to be exposed to teratogens, alcohol, or drugs during the first trimester than later in pregnancy?

a. All major organs are forming.

b. Development of major organs is nearing completion.

c. Rapid fetal growth is occurring.

d. The placenta could cease supplying progesterone.


At month 4 of prenatal development, which event has NOT YET occurred?

a. formation of alveoli

b. degeneration of embryonic kidneys

c. formation of rudimentary musculature

d. heartbeat and formation of basic heart structures


Colostrum contains ____ than breast milk.

a. more proteins and less fatb. fewer proteins and more fatc. fewer antibodiesd. any of the above combinations, based on

what mother has eaten


Where is oxytocin produced in the brain?

a. the paraventricular nucleusb. the supraoptic nucleic. the red nucleusd. the cerebral nuclei


Which factor opposing progesterone is the trigger for the onset of “true labor”?

a. increased prostaglandin production

b. fetal pituitary secretion of oxytocin

c. increased estrogen secretion by the placenta

d. placental production of relaxin


When the lungs expand as neonate takes his or her first breath, what important change(s) occur(s) in the cardiovascular system?

a. The pattern of blood flow changes due to changes in pressure and flow rates.

b. The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus close.

c. The heart rate stabilizes around 80 bpm.



If a fetus is delivered at 26 weeks and weighs 550 g, what type of delivery has occurred and what are the chances of survival?

a. premature delivery; the few survivors will have major developmental abnormalities

b. spontaneous abortion; there is no chance for survival

c. immature delivery; most will die, despite neonatal care

d. premature delivery; with care, most will develop normally


Why are children not identical copies of their parents?

a. Mutations occur during meiosis.

b. Random distribution of chromosomes occurs during meiosis.

c. Crossing over occurs during meiosis.

d. All of the above are factors.


If you are homozygous for a trait (such as curly hair), what does that mean for your phenotype?

a. You have a 50% chance of expressing that trait.

b. It is not genetically possible for you to express the trait.

c. Your phenotype will be an intermediate form of that trait.

d. You will express that trait.


How is your genotype distinguished from your phenotype?

a. genetic makeup; anatomical and physiological characteristics of an individual

b. the various forms of a gene; two chromosomes in a pair carrying the same information

c. the 23rd pair of sex chromosomes; the 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes

d. None of the above is correct.


Codominant means _________. An example of a trait that is inherited in a codominant fashion is (are) ________.

a. the trait will be expressed in the heterozygous condition; freckles

b. you have two recessive alleles for the trait; albinism

c. both alleles are equally expressed; blood type AB

d. the phenotype is an intermediate of the dominant and recessive alleles; the shape of RBCs


If one parent is homozygous dominant for a trait (ZZ) and the other parent is homozygous recessive for the same trait (zz), what is the outcome in their offspring?

a. No offspring will express the recessive allele.

b. All offspring will be heterozygous for the trait.

c. The phenotype of 25% of the offspring will express the z trait.



Which of the following statements is indicative of the condition known as Fragile X syndrome?

a. Boys are affected by this disease and show signs of developmental delay.

b. The disease is due to the deletion of many nucleotides on chromosome 21.

c. This syndrome illustrates how a single nucleotide stutter can cause severe impairment of a person.

d. Both A and C are indicative of this syndrome.

© 2012 pearson education, inc. which of the following events marks the onset of development? a....

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