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Game Theoretic approach to energy efficiency

Mateusz Wielgosz, Krzysztof Wajda, AGHKrakow Meeting, June 3, 2013

Socially-aware Management of New Overlay Application Traffic combined with Energy Efficiency in the Internet

European Seventh Framework STREP FP7-2012-ICT-317846 http://www.smartenit.eu

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Goal

Reduction of energy consumption via load aggregation and turning off physical machines.

Savings are considerable as idle server (in stand-by mode) can use up to 66% energy of fully-loaded machine.

Main stakeholders hereare the IaaS providers,potential interference forusers should be kept to a minimum.

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Assumptions

We consider only single resource type on Physical Machines (PM) and all Virtual Machines (VM) seek this resource (e.g. processing power).

VMs are independent. Cloud has sufficient capacity to satisfy all demands. VM is to be hosted on single PM (VM/demand is not

divisible)

Proposed solution is decentralized, but we show how it could be integrated with S-Box

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Model and game

P = {P1, P2,…, Pj,…, P|P|}, Pj can supply Cj resources.

V = {V1, V2,…, Vi,…, V|V|}, Vi demands Di resources.

Lj – total resource utilization of Pj.

PM energy consumption Wj= ΣWiDi + Widle

VM „energy efficiency” A(Pj)=Di/Lj

Players: VM Strategy: pick PM Utility: „Energy efficiency”

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Procedure

Physical Machines (PM): Track your Lj (sum current Di’s)

Prompt housed VMs to check random PM whenever VM leav6es or joins this PM (alt. only when leaves)

(alt) Send Lj to S-Box

Virtual Machines (VM): Initial pick (random by default, alt. recommended by S-Box) Check random PM when prompted by PM. (alt. check S-Box) Migrate to another PM if energy efficiency there is lower by given

threshold. Threshold is used not only to aviod unnecessary migrations, but also to

balance power savings and delay caused by migration.

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Chain migration

Migration decreases energy efficiency cost at a local PM and increases efficiency at the remote PM. Di/Lloc < Di/(Lloc - Dx) Di/Lrem > Di/(Lrem + Dx)

Therefore migrating VM can leave new PM address behind, for next VMs. Address is wiped when first VM uses it, other VMs check random PM. If remote PM still has enough resources it’s address will be

left behind again by second VM. If remote PM is „full”, then it is possible that other probing

VMs will find PM with lower power cost.

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Pros and Cons for S-Box involvement

Pros Better performance Better allocation from start of the procedure

Cons Decentralized No additional infrastructure No synchronisation

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To be adressed

Dynamics – potential area for social awareness. Migration cost – power savings vs. user delay.

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References

H. Khani, N. Yazdani, S. Mohammadi “Power-Aware Game for Cloud Computing” 6th International Symposium on Telecommunications, 2012.

D. Vesick, D. Tavangarian „Reducing Energy Consumption by Load Aggregation with an Optimized Dynamic Live Migration of Virtual Machines” 2010 International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing, 2010.

A. Gandhi, R. Das, M. Harchol-Balter, C. Lefurgy „Optimal Power Allocation in Server Farms” SIGMETRICS/Performance’09, 2009.

M. Harchol-Balter „Power Management in Data Centers” PROBE 2011.

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Thank you !

Questions?

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Backup slides 2VM1 \ VM2 Random PM better Random PM not better

Remote PM not saturated (better , better) (better, try remote PM)

Remote PM saturated (try random PM, better) (no improvement, no improvement)

VM1 \ VM2 Remote PM not saturated Remote PM saturated

Remote PM not saturated (better , better) ----------------------------

Remote PM saturated (no improvement, better) (no improvement, no improvement)

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Backup slides 1