archive.org · 2016. 12. 27. · 0 is 4^.^1>w>t^p ojj^i\ j^ 0 \ * ^r : 1
TRANSCRIPT
kiir
^^r-.T^TT~ r^^rv
T5^fp^yxxr^Tmssv 1 *j vwnwws^T\ir>
JU :‘ 4 T* 6 —•
.2012
i A^A.U \ xi^^\JL^uu
A , ,f If A 4tit \ A^4l^t>J t Aj^«xX^ *
J—J 5J^idiy
^ J-^f CH^ir^ y fj 11^4^ ^AjIj^UH 3J^
J w …: ^JL>^ ^ujLu 4j iti4 1 ^ a,
U jt 4-^IjjlJI . ,niL^3 iL. ^.u ^LJLu^K a .1^ t j1 , ^BaL^L>J t — ^ <)
41M J\ JjL>u
^l> ^-j i^JujJ^ < it ciLIi 4- L^jLcju^dj-4
…H t a % A • tl * ^ 1 1"% ^SLl 4 AAiiult 4^2: “ T, 4 ^ilgU^^
1LJL 4^J«U Al‘4^4 v -rt-^jjllll
• ^ LiJ, J“ ‘y ^ I 4 H T CjlAuILai^ t A^4jl^r4'^&JL^J «Ld L^jt t J) ,
^}^u4<
Jesus in the Talmud
Jesus in the Talmud
t ii c Peter Schafer Jw t
>£Uif
The Academic Center for Research
TORONTO-CANADA
Library and Archives Canada/2£«Ufl
ISBN 978-1*927946-24-4
web$ite\\www.academyc2010«€ m Email:[email protected]
20 1
6
4/^1 • pugj
761 1-2047 uU^l.ui^ t
•U^klt
Tel:+96M^830608- Fax +961-!-830609
WebsiCe:www.alI-prints.coin EmaiI:[email protected]
0IS 4^.^1>w>t ^P ojj^i\ J^0 \* ^r :^1
<J^* iS^UJ
(jysL^a ii^ e^«4JUj jj-<aJ <UULlt^5U <»j^i\ Ulj5Jl
•ViJl t5>- J ^--^1 IA J^l ^ v^b VJ^J
.a^joiII SjIjJI oJU Jp l^aiwiJ ij) it JU • klU Ij
V fjyJf Aj^^jJbJliyd\ J ^
jj,s ^V* ^?H d ^^ i
f1 ^^ W^
J>-t JA <^A Jjjt ^UJj 5JU ojAaj J1 y»yi ^ o^lt ^p Sj^aJl
•A4^1l KJjAJ 4jI i3L*M«Vl
j ^ d Jp UljJil SejiJl UUM iJjiil JLJIl
> cMe *•W ^ Jj ” 1 …t ui^U JJ Jjl4 cri^ Cr^^i ^ci Aj^»-11.I ii^WI
*Sfl C) JLft li* 0 cl 5^
JJ Jp Jjk^ll ^jAJC^j fl^i)M VW*J -^'j5
iuJb Jb^! ^JbJl vJLti l clJLJi J juiilj ijbdl SybUiJUl rt
fci->L»^p— jv^L) aJL‘: kjc^ ^a ».rtt jJS»l^il _^p j 1 jL^>w^Vl
. 4>-j^ll >*J lj JijtlJl
j v-_i
ilp| a^JLM]_
oU pU^i> ^p ^^^kJLUlj Ultl
^IjlLtt O^pjJlj ^jisi\ ftLlJlj Oj'if^Jl jA ^jAJ
0
’ ^ j
. J^Jzff fj tjVi J
JLjLII 01 c5^>*i (J
^Ul j 44JI)
[ iiu ‘" iiiv
ji- v
^ cr^'O^
OUjVl 5JLP "]I
-^^JJI^JI.JJI U iUU luli OI^J j^udi I
mjUjSM <SL«j}(Ij^UxpI (J ( S|
!j\JS c^^jl 4aL jl c 4a)»I
^^JllJub j j {
"1SI3
1 .Sjju? UJai cJ^P ^JDl Uil^
J.P jilal V 4^kJL i5^l>-U-l "cJjjj
J jKJ D^n^a " j J uSf ‘"u ” 2—
A ‘^^‘ 1^oJbJLjtf o^o- J ^^J'i iJj^JzIf j 41^31 I«Ia •<S^l9
0 U Jp J^iiS OlSj^ ^yS UUdl J^Uil c-^J ji iiUil
! ?—1 <Jr?^l ) ti ^j^Jl 0Ul»-l^-
^^xll jpJJl a^2>- aJLjUwa 4jhJj oJ^^ f tUJU p^dLA>* 0jlil
jjp jl ‘1^»>n^* ^tpJ il^P c^Awl CUsj-
j^JbJi (j 3y^ry^ 1^1 c^>w^lj AiLcdl >
p r
! I 01?%jj^Sfl j iL^Jl olS ^tUil ^Aiu j*-pj - ^4-XljjVl iU JiUl
‘ 1>U ‘ 1 —.
:lj > Ijdl JAJi Ml -
JSv c3 J} Ujw AJbu-Nl
^ v^jiiall ^pjj ^ bl>-| l^p Nj i^UI c-^l^Jl
*^(J ^ ^ * uiJkAI \S
•4i)L^ La »X^ I «iDS b ^ - t
J j^U At oLJN J cV ,v <Jjl^, , U
viJUS iiSL.
U ••
^Pandaro jj^ ^Ui ^andCriseyde
XPandaros ciJUjJI
^6^
W (i ‘
I jJLsJ! J cfy^Ul ^ ] talmudischen Uberheferung
015^ jJjJI ^>Jij ^Sti . ^ <\vafu^ ^jJI
Li \ijJ>\j jj> \Z^S viUS^ (J
I«la I4 l j I ^jA
V jJLmA4 O^ji ^
jU -cbA
U s^U ] Wirkungsgeschichte
S/l
‘
^^il Ua 5^y^\j 4^wb <-Pj ^JS
I lUA ^iJl JA Jliji J^l^l ui^j
*SJUL« 4^1 <2JU- j d>t <J j5lj 0 j* (J
t.imS' ili (JjLmjJIj ^jijl^ilj ^^iiJl >%:, 1 jlJii*
^^^^1 AjlkJl i^^j ] 2i ^J t(jL>- (J S^liJj 3jUJ L^JLcll
^ )Ujii u^i ) d%.^\ ^iu^ (g^Ji j ji^A •> jp
J5JJj U,J j,(^j gpp <Jj>-J 4WjUi^A UjU 4J> ic*U^
uuu <S^2J M gill cjy Jliji Jj5 1
<J>^i J iiilii ly^rj SJu) »UL vLi>y U^ 4jIjUI ^ .A^ijjJl
^5^ j ‘<J> Jjtt IjIpUJ C^>i.w>I lpi!‘ jjl iiU»|
^>-50 Uj>-Ij ^LijJj ii^^ill ^^iJl ‘iuAwJl 5 1 j U> oIp
Jp j^!CA£ jd^
j
cJj ja l^i-t ol^-bi^lj ol^--i J^-I ^oJA J <1 j^Uall j^m\SCj jJUllI (4jldl 0UvAsdif
fr^:j ^5^-JlCf* ^J^T0 *U?^i 012JUJJ otjyjl>d\
JJj^ V ioU-ljUNIj jl^iS/lijJM {}^-
5j^Lil a Sjji j^ t <J jl JU-I a1^> c^l^Jl IjU l>! cOUiilj
JjS • JjJj 4i^UjJU ^Uaj # j Jp V^ ^.;4iku C—J JiM l A J 5 tJUfc jl^it ^jA jCS J p-g^ljblj JUjj
^ ^ tiii-l ^jAj 4^ <^l>- iJjl ^U«jI
^J *ik>>Jl^ t^i sl^ J^j ^ UkJ 01^ iljjyJj JjA^Ul
^yS\ JA i^il iSJLiil oUljSVl^ JbJbJi Jp- dj^ o^JL j^jCj U Ut •oUUNl jUUa^Vl ja xjuU oL^vcuj ahA\
tiLjt 5^i iu j^Uj*4JiuA jJ^U O^i— 4J S^LiS Ji! j! ^jt ! jLf
<> Jp jL Jj43j
^ oj^JlI 4 Lj^hJ| 4^5UJI 5>j
u
j JLaJ jmwiJI IIa y myiVl bujJj it ^\y^\ Cj^Ij
^\J ^ JL>wfor the Press OUjli
obu^L llj .oJLiil ^UJl^ ^S3l J L* 5j ^
iljULil . 5 4111 <^jJL JI jj^7m\\ (j L«l>-UJJ ] I a2^^)l
<pj^ cilLfc* \j^S ^-J y» jw»yi ^*\j^\ f^j - w)(l
‘ ^ Slj^^ 1 UjJUo* (JlJL^ 4JjJtiLl JL^aII J 1
(viUllAj *^'MjVl O^SJl yUll CJUoJl {J (4jytj 4<«JLuj
sL^S ^JD( 4^U-l>«I3 Ij4b ^S^i\ °j^JbJl j>^\ ij>-
jl ^kiJl ‘JjSfl) It, J ijC>%^j j Jj«Xp Uj^i Jp
iiJl 4“k-JLi j ^UM 0 Jl (j : jjj dJJlj jj^1\
Jp OULJjJl.(
J.U J ^^!)L11 CUI yUl oUju J ^ i>-f ^i3l
(3 4^ f N JI^aJI JL>-
JJ \Sa — {ytij ij t-U)l ^J.1 Ait ^kj
‘>^11 y j 1—LU Jp J! J^»j 0 11 4$j
CA J2i ^j>^\ ^ Ji^J 5^ JUu ^JWl fJJI J iuJj
1 0LildlJl ^jA Aa^%^J> ip ^ AiUL Igo bn.,*
• ^ / ^4 ^U ^ J ^ v^ olJLiLu
‘ S^ ^iiJS IjLa^J jiS\ 1_ 7 llAj 4«diJS Jp Sj^Ip
0^5 jl>4 ii^Ui WbJl > ^JbJlV W*vUlJ O^tuJli J^ J^\ iislkJU .oUU ^SlJLPj
cJj 6t Aili^ 015^ 44ljb ^ J1 olkll J
Ajlp Up g*ij| UJl J^aJl Ali* IjL^P 4<iuiJ 4^Sfl J>-<jt
Jp cu2jl Ui>-J -0«aNjJU J^l^j. d (>•l^ ( ol^j^-Ldl jVl jt ) 1|^1
Ij>! ^jJij 40,04.1 x^\JjS\^3j ^JUi didJV Ai^\ kj^ji ^4^.j^UlIj <J Jlji M 0J tjjiJ V jl^JLSp- jJp
Aa\ j^iaj \^ 9y^i ^ l (4jUS ^^Sfl frU-j! iilsr J J>J Jp Ujj ^ - ^jmJA
‘ U UJJU IjjiSJ ‘ bt ) JJl p blU»l
J 4c?lP' <i- C^ >^* C*
I bJl y J5iup VJljAily Jl Jp ^JLJI
^/J ^ai ^ ^ aia» ^kliiU 4^jjbJl J 4jji ¢1, ,<011
^'•d J IjjfW •( j>%> ) “
4 ( ^ 1 j^i ^ <i^i^ojUJl jjUcJ j^aJl Jsljt J J ^1
^Ijl J) W U i ^2Sl Ui^J lg ^Jp liU tdUS Ua lu^
.(
<
y>^jl53I
‘ ''rf L^ ^ 0" !^^ Bli
i2Jj-l ^p ^liJl ci^aj tU U^JLi ^1 iLUJi J^UdL l ISjJli
b *^ —^ d 1> Jp hUy
• ^y ^^
lJJ^i ^ ^ ^ u^M 1 ^i l»
‘S ^till i^OiJl j aJI ! i^J| iliU^ IJ^S J ->. c i-Sbi^l
Jl CiY J Jp ^|… Jp tU^P ijKy^il
«U4>- ^jjl ^I^aII ^ .A pjlj Xj J^r^Jl U <404¢ jiJl 4JI1L U>. JLjj- ^^JLis thatNeverParted:JewsandChristiansin LateAntiouitv‘el^EarlyMiddleAges,Tm J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 2003 pp. 1-33
i j 4 VkULl <J M
k
0 1Jl 4jJtu iZ/jjJjJ aJU«
J
^P 64j^j^L jiS^A ^3
jJUaII CJjL^J to jy^i\ J
jiUoll «iA ij^r^ Jj^' ^ *f^i o^ iiycJJ ^>^1
015 ‘:!J \y^p\ ^iJl J^>- ^ y^ i>-ldl
^^1 ^\J\ ^LJb ^a (" U>l y^n
) fideiPugic^^ a^j>Ni
014kl4» ^jA JbJbJl ^jJlj c(^ XA oU) ^1Jj\a
‘ijJjJ^I l^Jl |%Jm« Jp : t iljJ Jij .^ i4l^U»j flu*
jllp Jb odjiiil iWjia>*il ^311^1 p \ Jlki i^l>- iii>-^Ul ij^Uil
Ip LajXj (^ *\ • ^ oL*) oLSLMi^fl
oL^ljjJI ^JjCaj oUljyJl (J ii^-LJl ^Ip X^y^l) ^*^VAj
J Ojjodl J ijil>u oUji ,^11
Tela ignea Satanae. r_UJ i^UU oUaJUi
/foe arcani et honibiles Judaeorum adversus Christum
:iijc±i\ oikJJi " )Deum et Cnnstianam rcligionem lion
t(
" {j> rA\ ^.JJIj 4 -JjI
^)jJill 4jc«1^ j *1 ^ ^ ^UJl (J i>-j l^9 ^JbJI
Johann Maier, Jesus von Nazareth in der j ^1>(76er/A?/&nin Darmstadt:Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschafl^ 1978,
.pp. 18-41
i«X^b jLu*
j
W* (Ip < SJLm X» },1 ^ •>-
jp 1*1 A• UJ yip ^jLJl U b Y oUA^.( WiT ^U :•.•b
) f^jfjx_
_
• a»a\^ j[
Johann Schmidts FeungerDrachen GifRundwutiger :jh w*j^* ‘ ty …. Ottem-Ga//f Augsburg^ 1683
^ JLSi ^Ij JUa Jp JjSj iUUV> 01^ ^i3! 4Je^U\ji\j l^jj\^ p %\y^ ^ uii^laJl ^
V
1
^J/ ) c lj^ J^j U^jrT jUjJ
J us in Talmude Sive Dissertatio Philologwa Pnor/Posterior, De iis j}uS
—\•' -hcis, in (juibusper Talmudicas PandectasJesu cujusdam men•f • ‘yti ^r>v > rffcuc^^ y jjSLt yuii
Jf
Q ^ ^^f Ji •y J \S ^tui^ kS^j
S. H36iUc9 i ^^liji u«#ijp(J
3?* •: : ‘1J i^Uv# i|iT jJi ^pLa)i jj
Geschichte der Juden im ehemahgen Fursten turn Ansbach. Volistdndiger
Nachdruck der Ausgabe von 1867 bearbeitet und mit einem Schlagwortregister
versehen von Hermann S Bf Hainsfarther Buchhand lung, 1990 (Bayerische
JJ jjp jl\ijA0jj 4^^1a11 .(JQdischc Schriltcn f 1
•4>-j
EntdecktesJudenthum, oderGiiindlicherund WahihafftcrBerich^ :
^
welchergestalt die verstockte Juden die Hochheilige Drey^Einigkeit^ Gott Vater,
Sohn und HeiL Geist, erschrccklicher Weise kistem und verunehren, die HeiLMutter Christi verschmQhen, dasNeue Testament, die Evange/isten undAposteln,die chnstliche Religion spdtt/sch duichziehen, unddiegame Christen heitauffdas
J Jj'il ijJ}tyJM .[...]dusserste verachten und vcrfluchen
W1- ^ w \ * * • t J —— ' v W
JCa4j^ j 4lj^L&i jJpaaj^JA ^ ilr
4
i ) 'Vf
OjJ C^;ly fcSJU 4a U{ ^iLLil OS) cSjj ^Li^l ‘ V • t
•< ¥ • l jW* C«JlS i <pLk) \^jJS OX»Anton Theodor Hartmann, Johann Andreas :J^\ sjAUiyJ #jll JjJLi JEisenmenger und seine jQdischen Gegner, in geschichtiich Utemrischen
Ei&rtenwgen kritisch behuchtet^ Parchim: Vcrlag der 0• E. HinstorfTschen
^ jU U; U d 834PiBuchhand!ung
Ei&rtenwgen kritisch behuchtet^
Ji i AA 1 JlUj llT « I 4^L(I d ^jjY ^^^^^^15
4/mj Ksmicusnostersimvissim^ Ulu|
l l^j^\ ] Judai’snws (ktectusl ^j• #
] Sntdecktes Judenthum
T\
OjUljb
4jJb>- JS\ U IJ^pI ^11 Xii 4^ 40311Jit jpLLJJ j
o!i uy. uyy^ (J
JJi? Ij ‘( •” iibit i>^j ajJ» J1 bl^M#l c JJ^
…—j •<”^uj yyyi i^Ull
.r^ifi:• j^qJzJI (ji " __11 aJL«»p 3^!^
jlUJl ^ \^ Vj iSj4l>*Ut-l j^Udll j 9 ^jj 4:>w^U J l^iJl
, v 1 oJ4 jJjja J ^^4. ; iiUk jtbJl
Jij Cw
)^/ jSS lj^i\ ^Uil^ Lii i^jSM
u^r ^1 Ji : JjUs ^1 (^UjuaU ^Xi^jl
jjjdl L>j2j ^^Sll (J 01^5iJl l I^^Iaa 4 U^jt
(ii ^ <Aia^mJ • frj^i^ L^ W Jl
^ S^lpj ^jU J iS^\ l^i J ^Uall i^J ! jL^L U
U^P ^aiVl J-l JJ cJ^9j jli*^ ^iiij-l ;j^i 4
(l)^JjjkJl
•L^t UU y jJlj
Maier,A wii:J^UJ w ” >U ”
.Nazareth^ pp. z5ff(2) Samuel Krauss, Das Leben Jesu nacbjUdischen Quellen^ Berlin: S. Cal vaiyt
1902 •
<3> London: Williams &Norgate, 1903 (reprint.New York: Ktav, 1975.
^>U4}d
f JiA ):Herford, Christianity in Talmud andM/drash, pp. 344ff «>
W*^ 1 jWI ^ :pVJesus vonrfazarethy p. 28 Jp j5I 1/ 4 a>. SUi
n
aaUiII ^1^• fip
ii->-Ul Jp <J ^j^IS 3jdH iiwJ j^JLSJj iJLi _ lj
cJWv4 giJUli illJlJO iilJLl •J
Jesus, dieHUretiker ,^JlI a^ jjd!j ^^Jbil ij^\ juu
] und die Christen nach den altestenjiidischen Angaben
w vULMiJ J jLc^ ^Wd‘ 4vi*>mJl J a^p\>- L^j Ul^l li ^1 tiLaJI olS ^tUil jjbu JLo
o^U ^iJl ajML ^ ^bS Jjl J.(r)<JLlVl iJJU
<^5 J ^Ajjyr J SU-Sfl
^ W W^ • 53:SCbr Li iiUdt
4^—Jesus ChrisU
Ui* ^ 4 \aav ^Einleitungin TalmudundMidrasch^\^
• •
^r \ -u ^ jLii ^wili u!
ja yc» jj .Leipzig: J. C. ninrichsfsche Buchhandlung,
? imThatmud, Berlin: H Reuthe^s ijt^u il5Ji <LV * jw»i Uoa* ^ijls <J1 ijul ^iJi 4Verlagsbuchhandlung
f 1891ii^ULl oU-i^iVt iLpj^jA
f" tdU« ) ^^|J) 1
^U* ot ‘JUU— ; JU C \j
Maier, Jesus vonNazareth, pp. ) ^LV^ ^ <u cJb- ^JJi i)S^ ^ j j^j^ AJi^V Olwi^ i(.27fKurt Hmby, Z?/t StcUung der jiidischen J yij^ u*
^
. Gesetzeslehrerzurwerdenden Kirchey ZQrich: Theologi scherVerlag, 197
1
> // ^ J Joseph Klausner, FfesAi/ -Abrzn•“
y JesusofNazarsth:HisLife, Times, ^j-l^l^.Shtibl, 1 922; Jerusalem[W^jy}j^S ^jjji ^5 .and Teaching, trans. Herbert Danby, New York: Macmillan, 1925
ri^ 61 j^Uil JJ^ V 4^J * EJ 9,
1
932, cols. 52-77 J *^U/^m^aiJll
ft^tl i . (I 1 a ft li _ ?•• . 4a • >•• ^ ^ t ^ —
pjaiJu^i y ii I A ‘ U Jji J> J>JU{Jesus in Selbstzeugnis sen und Bilddokumenten^ Hamburg: jju Jj \j^y\
J •J J
- • • • • ••__ — .•• imb.
theEncycmychpedianebra.
•(746-750
JSLft Jp fli cJLJl 2^>U- ^^ ^U^lM <blft Sjis^ oJUb CJl^j «4i»-b cJaj>» (^jJl ^jA jS\
@ t# b I # 5L>JJI vi
‘5 kdiyy I ^Jllic^l ‘U ir o • oS U J5
«ul^ (J jit* <ujlZ^ Sl ?ULa 4 jiJI jj^ L» iljut V Jlj^J
(1Morris Goldstein, JesusIn theJewish Tradilion^ov/ York: Macmillan, 1950
.
(<T>Jacob Z. Lauterbach,
i4Jesus in the Talmud/' in Rabbinic Essays, Cincinnati
.Hebrew Union College Press, 195 1 (reprint,New York: Ktav, 1951), pp. 473-570
i^U jUji Mj <JpI jsj .Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1978^>
JUdische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Christentum in dcr Antike% Darmstadt:
:Jai\ ioC l^\j> j>>1 ja .Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschafl, 1982
William Horbuiy, JewsandChristiansIn ControversyEdinburgh: T&T Clark, 1998, pp. 19f., 104ff.
Jy^ JwJJl JA ^31" ^ JJ li^i iilUi Jp JJi^ <A^\
Uijj • ^jjij^A UU j t^^Sl I jJ»Ij jl^» JtU 0!”
• S
j>u Jp 4^*1 (J ^JaXa <«J<j^J 4jjLX
l^t jl U I• 1 -X^aJI Jp
l^ij <Jl j p y <1 j 0 j ‘AiP l5 y w
" iJ Sll dl^i l# JiS/l Jp tgJbj"L5
tfl^ fbl $1 : V — Lfti^-ij#
~
1^ ^ja ajJ ^ii^Ilj ^oj^l^Jl oJl^ ciUS (Jj^j N aj\ jl^j!
j
^ 4Uie <^AJ ^ ^ji ^1
(Sj^^^J U 4j^IaJlI clUJ ^1 (],^iLjlJI021^jliU ‘^iSl
— i^jtl^ljAlb 4j — (JjSlI ijlill \ (jj ,4j^ \jU^
^j>Cj L« *^d •L^aJI j^jr^j^ J >> i-i^A^Jl 4juii-l IA j[^mS
oJipl Ji jl^* i^- iJl!t)l iijLoJiU cliu jA <oJa^l Ju»
4(JIjM 4 -:: la ‘ ^.illJUSJ j!S\ Liija jlli^ ^JOlJ^i
^ ijUll 4j ^^Jl x^ij^rA\ y^\ ^ji
Jll* jCaj U 3 ~ 5j^IS l|ilj j"4^JL2S ^S\
^j^i\
(Jp
J*U ^^ ^IdV* UH JS^'""
jHai(J ^ ^ j^LaII J JU^ 4jJLaJI^ Kjui>dS ^j\Slp)l\ Ll^«
N liU :^\ JI>JI JUJI \Sa j lJUu ^i ^ • OluJl
c^*^*x5JLl ^Ll oVj»
* ^ d)t
gJJlj ‘IjIjSSj ‘ JU^ ‘ la../iiU IJLa IjJUi ^jw^A^Ulj
4]L«»j Ul (J 4L«l>>y-l 0Wl ^ J J*V' ^ (>• <>• i^>>- C--J^
>cM‘ k cUyU14
L4
• i-^JbJl
^U^il ^\) i^jJLiJl j^Lail ^xJLSJl t dj^UaLI (^1) j^Uailj (^UJlj Jj^fl <j%IjiJl oUlp^l^-
•<L^Jl g LJ l c^o^U (^^oLJl 1 <iJU}l jiJl oL»U^bL>
^kj : j^Loa J auiu xLS lij U Jp iUU ojJj uii idUS J}
4ywJ J 4jl ^^JbJl J 4^! i^uLUt j^UaLI (J iaJa
^ <^S ^Si\ 4jUU ^Ul jjJS\ ^ jS}\ Uti jj^Jz/I^
-
•SjljAj .dUj J—J Jp J^Udl UaU )
JLpli J>y Vv^il ^l^Jl <iS cJjUJ ^Lp^I V Uli
V (j f^y^i ^ bk^li ^j^ii Cj^4^ ULj^I
jl^Vl j <g>w^ll I jl 0ji ^yl^j I
<J ) ijUil ^ JL»- JJ .^tl^Jl
4^ 0>4 ot Ut Ui vJ^i ^Sfl oUj^a^i
l? (4iblp Jl Li^ ^3 v^bjAiIl
4JIS *x>«4 ^J^dJL Uj^Ua« (j <J|
Jl liX^ 44i^L • juJl^j^ju
ti tjH j.viUi c~i |i \^j^j jjA^w til 1<L^Jl 01^ j^Uoil
JjLoj ^ <)^Vl J^J <jLll «ii ^*4 S^UJ il j! } Jlfc^
YV
• • I
j
li U \jyS Jij pUI>- i^j\jjA^i\i X iiU^l
K ^;‘[j^JU •— 1> 4^ ^ ;• ••fU I
°>.^^11 LiM JJ ^^JbJl Aiu U iiLl JJ
— Jil "i Jiji Jp J^StdJ Ua d‘V U-j5 ^( 4jU}Ij 1cj^Vj c^J
f^y^i Jl ^ iJLaJl oli L^ll
l «x2xpI lili c Ic^J* j: 11 aJjt <2^jU Jlil ^1 a^L
.KmPy^u 1^ Ji^laJl lS4JjU3l jjU Ua>-
^P <L^I 0^* ill? li} AjL
<J Aj ji J j J^LiU lj>-lllt 4j^j»Jsi\ j^Lsdil fj i&4J jj^iai\j f^y^i
^9Ull i-b\fl ^|j ojA aJL^aJlI jiJLJl Jju U j^Uall
XJesus vonNazareth^ pp. 268fT. (especially p. 273 . Y i M t;J A<y)
tA
<3 ^ ci ji^ (d^ <IC4 ^J^LcJ
i)\ (j jjL* ^u* a2j i i Ojiii Jsijlj ^<iJuji t)^iJi j>-ijl
Jaii tjb ^ <! J^jl tcllAJS ^ i^aiJl SjI^ !JU>
^p (LMtfL^l)AJLlJl ^cuaaII »«Ia t ^utj- Ijl^ t ^9 LiAj2>i.j
Jy>~ ^^a^aaU <Ajdi 4^*jjJU <%ditl4 ^ 4<dblpj
Jc—I4 ' U4 P yW 1 J 4 j
<^yi U ^^li-1 jbJjL-l j^aJI (L^9ji A\a^mS\ %\ /
j
OjjL^bjJl cJ^>* ^ja ib>-jj
— Jii ^ItjV I kLaj>aJlij^ ~~*
<-«tf3 1^3 JLgjJl ^j/a^2 2,1 o dl5l>v»j^yu ^uoSLa oLIjj oJUb
i^\ iJuodLl4^Ji cjiAjjC^\ " )Wirkungsgeschichte %y m ^ N J V utiL^° ,
Ji^Jt 1^^* c».m\ ^-1 w»y^ .“‘|ij “O b^UJLl j Ij^^JUl ^Lail ^ {j^>CS *^aS
^jbJl^\ J lv^k Vj l,sli Jby xa+l JL4JI iJA^ <^jUJ^ 4a11
•( *¥ V 5jJ?^SM iJp 1 JU^4 JL^fJl4_j *AyJ> «l/dlj»UJ
x\
2 4viU
J •r 1
: WUa^l IJLa 4PJU4 l)\S Jill
4—»lki-l dj^i V 4il ^Ijdl
cK*^' J1 (^ O^J (j^JJ i) CJl^ ^1 <wia3-l Uajt Jjy-l
S )f —U Jp• .WS Jp d Jbr V ‘_c^UJl
^a jdS |J^ Nj a^m#^ Hj^oj ijtXaA Vj l
Llk^ jl cjL^ a4 ^^ ^ -4—^ Cr4
j>^)1 \j -X>-lj ia^jJ 015 j>«j ejl U b^j ,5^^iii SjJlJJ
uh J^udi jp ‘ :: 1 j!>^*
•Ji^J 6^* ^ JJ^U J^i v-i^4 OlS aj ‘ 1 >«5^vl* .id I j:U^il (J 4 aS 4 b^j| IJjb J
^Jii ^^)1 4La4 \1a .^_.._ _ J^mj J ^jij
. o^t oijij^ ^1 J>.1^ y^Vi 1^iSLi\^A Ujj ^yry9
ULlaJl isj^ <M ^ J V^ a4 (*^^ 1 J^J
r\
J I
ilsU0
) JjNl(
Uii\ Jjl^^
oUU-ULl
^1 \ ^ ftrtpJ sy^ Oi 1>‘Upl J
.<jb L»l ^CjS* ^p ilL^U jbt
‘oUUUJD U f ^ (>
UUJI dJLljJ iwi _J ^I53lj 4
.( i^Juiii
y^iA\ ) cl-^^ uJit ^p Lu tjbjJ^i
UUU Jjbo . Jjbi V (" oljjdl ,0^ ") 4UI J^LiJl
^Si\ ^y\Sj^ Ji jjIaJ} il O^iJl iljjj JjNl t)^1 ilr L^-*^
^ jJiW^ V .^t>U L Uj^l olkJLJl
jjUJl ^1>>UL*I Lj cJl^ ^1^ ‘; t:_,_ll <jSJbji\ l ^jk
fjh ^ \S ^jii\
^jc^^ K^
<*wjiLl Jj>* 4^lSll \y
Jl^ l4i- J3U, N ^1 oVjUJl J^Uij
Op
>JI oj^. y^\ U . 4PUV iJbVt lU- t.U IJb
4 yUi <J|: to Vl d Jaii • S3 J JP
jS^ ^Jl 45 <^S\ - APUli idUJJ UijiJbSh J1 r.jJU (jli! JjLasJl a4 <>• " 54
jUI¥
L^jUJ>lj i^UJI Jl
<3>I UiJ Vi bJl
lili Ail o^U. Sf»> c>! .LLUI ^Uilj i^ukJLt
ti LTC^J^i > JLJl 4 all <J "J UyS\
I Jjl^-l^ Jlj-Jl lAi Jpwtu (Jj •*r^a-
> f v |^^ cr^» U«^ SjjUI il^ll slU: ^ J^l liQ o^u- L^P Sfl>
.ili^Jl 5y»llij JjLJl itjki oJLS iKi^ tJsJL* Jj .JbjUL|
C^4)i ^U^U-I ^LaIIj ijjJl olJjlll i>jJ !5J^£j^ A^Sj A^>-^
Jill yl^Jl ‘luU 5^ ^Jl J| tliUi t
iA^jJJ Jlj “yij 4 illj ^iU j ‘jja^s\ jJiJ j JJ
jU^S/l ^jja^s\ jj J ^jjil\ ^oiil i^l^Jl oii tJbaJLl
^ JSU^ .ijuj| ^uji
J <2jjA {Sjr^ J^Ua4 ^ oU^jJl .200loJji^s\ <A4l^ 4aJU4* jUt
•^Ul
^^Ju :i^JL) ^Ul J>-t ^
iiUl oUJkAll( ^Jjai Jp JiL U ^-u J ^Uj^U
rn
0)
•LbUJl --J y k • • I
u<^5i - dUiij/iiOSo ^ ouui^iotjj^Vj
(W*^ c^j^' ^jjj ^-ijJ Li d\s iJbJ^Li jifiJi
Cr* Lr4J c
f-^-J 45^Ui oju jUJ
^ C^i J^iaAA J^J iJfUl J JaAJ 4il jjb
[aj^j tiU- UjL^I ^II oUji«It ^ \^a J^a>J
Y _>0M ui j ^btu- ^ Ji ^i ^ Jf ^Jl>* • Ik ^ ‘i^jJl Jp bi^\
^ Ait LrJj 4 ^ 4-1 4*JI JJ^ I^Jl J Ipj Aj\ Owlj Jr^i^Jt JiUl
<LU C^|cl^ 4«lUi ^jA Njj ^.b^l J^jfi\ i^aii JLtfUj JUu I^JU^
iUU 5^0# i^iL* — JjLH ^.^aJLJ j/ ^\JaZ^\ V-JjJLJ
j
.JjJjLl U^Jl J ^Jl JL>
< l>bShabl04b;bSanh67a.
( i:\YoLUl HImj)
^ ^ j}\ 01If BU^ J|>J|^ |Ju
fJi f> ^i) ^V '^1 ^JjW ^ ^JJ (Y)? rJ'fJd f>^
Jt-fij Jli J (Jj\ji\ j) ^L>-U-l J c(c^j
•(®Ia JwpUJI^ xjil ^^J-ijjVlj JiUl Ui-»jdl CJi^J
^ f ^jt cUi^yiS Uijj , L
f0^> jjl ^^1 (r>l?ia4i ii^iJl 0!-
1
… ^ J c^i (J j> Up
J1 0!s e # 4US3I y !^ JU ?(—J ’
•i JjLmf Jlfi •“) #J
Jf c^j^* <1^ »^a>wj >^JLJU clu^ .c^Jfji j0^ ^ 0^ cr>- f
3^ x-^ 1
f-^yT
•Vf1 o^JJ jSLli^1 li
-tShabll:15. .V—^# —I# • :. r ru: M • t j u^ji
• *^11^ ^ 1 ji^i Ua# ji …
^^ ^] liM
(
)b A
i
d ot • Su
•^wJl jjw I JL4lI Jp
Ui-stfja J^i ^K ^ % i 01JtJl aJL^j ) :j^JbJl Op (3
U^liU> oU^iaiJl j J»ii“ ,^U ” 1 i^UJl 5^1
fUi^) ^ tiij^1
.J,UI^ ap^1\ ^Jlj iAiJS
VUXL ^1 (dJUS^ Jp^)(^>1^ ^1 ( \SJj.)
c)l^ ( JlV J^M Um# jt^r) j | IJL^»ij 1j (Jll
• IjjXU
ZfjSM JpU cJIS^ l c h ( ^/v )()Jl
£jji
a)?bli^
^4^1 "^^ w«J 0 Ua jiSl <•<<V) 4>«w jJlS^
iC_J/4^I i^fc JL- j j,Uo^ T IV U.U oLi ^ ^l<?>
•U»^V ^lill . l5jSl\ JLju^ {^jjv
Ms. Oxford Opp. Add. fol. 23 in Shab 104b and ) U»j^>d\ ^ju l jj^ l ^<r>
jIL^j ( Mss. Yad ha-Rav Herzog 1 and Karlsruhe Reuchlin 2 in Sanh 67aVx * ijt- * <*l\£j^i\#^xji^U( SoncinoinShab 104bandBaicoinSanh67a)U^
»-*5 ! ‘( — _•• rUf^^ ) l/Z^ “•«*: /jLl^
^
cj k)\ ^a
0^ t ^ J ^ •yu3U C/* •
^
lw ^ ^y»
tj <^[r^^ ^ {^f
' u J • yy “ i ^>4^5 UOJ w r i^aJi >
^UU- jljSw Jai ] dittography^ j j^] VJjm yfiu^}\ 5,,^' l>\ ^ (u)
: • t 01^ •jV-p wij9» 4^153 fJjiLjMj
UAa^- • : #«U1 ] blu-cJtf A4l ( J ) d\Sl^i± \^jA 5*y ]
^jJlw:\ *A 4^^
v
w[^UI^^ )
ai^ujt ‘• u^— juy : iav ps bli^ oJl5^ aa\j b^,-^ J\S rjj\
*
i ol cJl5 bli^ Jli iU^^ jJt " :\ T *\V jU'H^S bll^ JV5 Aa\ IJUi^ Cy, sj0^. ^— A . ^ .II UJ a]«jlauC
H bli- cJtf aa\ JUj \g»j ^ 01^ * ( T ujl>-jj ) amj^Jj\S
uAW-1^ f*( i
1 J CJUJl y# I > I
iJ^iJIjU bj 44i tfc^Jl !(r^
fUol-
(il b ‘ ^Tjj
• • b j ^!#… W #d 1 j •ri
. ^(LjX^U ) a^UXjmVi ( ? </Ljfb %y\j " ^jA cJl5 <^l rojpj ;juy 15^UJI1U1’ >t#1 Lbi y U^ 4 ;) 'Burton L^ Visotzlqr:
4iMary Maudlinamong the Rabbis9
nin idem^ Fathersj^ ^ Ji
o/^rte World: Essays in Rabbinic andPatnstic J.C3. Mohro^jhj v ^ iUpU^ ^Ui^i \^ua .(Paul Siebeck)
f 1995, pp. 85-92.
•
.( U^V y T ^^lil ^li i ) ^Jp J^aIi^ f^ JMichael koloff >1 Z)/t 4?/7ewiA :>1 .LJl [ J# > •Babylonian Aramaic ofthe Talmudic and Gaonic Periods^ RamatGan
rBar llan
:tjyj^v 7u^ SjUIi -(University Press, 2002, s.v^ gedal # 2
•dhtography i iv • i M > UJl >y« >
.(wj L^) ^0 Jii2>
"
n U‘"<J^ 4^5li J^l^ ^j
[
ck r5^ ltJ lu j^j cb^
t ^)
15^1 ^mJULI iLb^L^tjj ojJl^a J^>«Al j^Jd\ IJLa
fl \ ^i^yij •- lj^ Jp- ^JjP t cU rt^a
blx«4 )
Cr^1 •
Sf >. ,\ju\ b^Uy%j^Ju ^ \yJu d\S^\ Iju h\ JJU
^Ji1 ' ^ ^jci o^ySi -Jr^ \r-l ^
J
4'^ Ji o^J^i 4J^* cJ^Ul J c5^ Cr4
<jl ~ ^ ^JJ iM vM' ^ jiUi
r4 ji* I • 1 • ^ip SJ j ‘ IjJl A^oJii] L^li ~1^<1
- 4jUci J^j 6jLm ¢4 iiU 5X1, cjlLi ^
LffjP U^.!U i-—Jl " bt-^ I jl ^1 i*wd!l ! Jju v (
<u
J 9%^ a^bdl ifjii\
' * * U^ijA ) i) jr^ *^111 Jp ^y^ ^
) O^U ^Jl« <J i3^1 : Jp ol^il <JUU 4 _/a (
u
• lj>- I ^ JL>i^5 4ljg3^ ‘ <^yLZT iZJ^Li»
> Jj d ck"^,>wJ>j OUjJL^• Ua^b ) ^ (J 0 • <J ^ ) IajM^i»j
^ 4'jy <^rJJ i^H ^>> v^ ^rj ^>1 4 Ji crf^""
"( Ui-r*1^
y^i o- !^' 5^l>* l\jA\i .ifM^LaAj J y^i
^^>*1^1 iJ^JLiMil 1 t ‘Ua aj\ jJLj IJL^3 4<«liJl
(t).jUal J>Cwj
il ^JU j cJK UUa^fA jJL- OK lii
jjJaLUU^ <kJ>j J^-I ^ Uj^^ ^Z Jl JxiiJ JjAp ^4^31 t ^‘ 1
Ua ^4 y^Jl y Ja^ ‘j3t^ 0 ^^
VOl^iUW‘ilUiJliU^LJVi 4:-_,_ ^ 4( V
(S (J ij ^ 0^ ^^ OIS^
.Jjlj ot lc^ 01? U
•4^i^U J^t1 U_J 4ilj 4<ut JyJLp ‘ I Jilj :S
J1 O^-Ul jlil 4^U-U-I ^Sfl il^ ^jU- iJ^t jfi> Jci JjJJ Sj 4"' ii jjt 31^* «j^
OAiyt, L^ U Jii^ ^iyT>^ULI ^Idl bjii\^ ^Wl c^aJl JContra * • <j jpjlLI : ^\A jl^I ia^i
U .( Yrr-Yrfiy^ > Ce/ m
Lr4
m<^ (>• >* *yU14 jjU^i y»yr) ^jJl ^>4
t ai I ^Jlj . ^1j*1p
^ 5 <>*j ji y ] •
cJlS* iJl } o i W :
[
^j]| ] Jji^j .iSljjM • L^p
Ir^J ^j 9 ^ C^l tSjUJl o^>-
^1 Oaj 4jjSi [ ] aV Jjij • C-^w»j J^>C
^t j^i tr^'j ^5^ iSjr^ ai ‘J-A4 J^UJ(i)
.- j| l^;;wj ‘j^iJl —' 4 Ukr ^Ui ^_;i
^S(b ib^^^u 61S j-jjJi • :0pp. Add. foi. 23 (366)^^j! J la* ^* l• t>U « CoJi^ <«t f
John Granger Cook* 75te : “< a •
-
'" \hu‘ ”Interpretation ofthe Old Testament in Greco-Roman Paganism^ TObingen: Mohr
•Siebeck, 2004, p. S3 with n. 1
.
\^yi j^j cjA»t aJUJl Oj Jailj" ^^Jl
'
.
.^iWl O^iJI oU-i^ ja ^Jil lf«022^\ ^*\AjJ\<4>0ngen, Contra Celsum 1:28; translation according to Origen: Contra Celsumy
trans., introd,, and notes by Henry Chadwick^ Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress, 1953, pp. 28-31.
n
U^j ja U <«j * jJI^ Uil»f
,<i^ill J^ iijaa ot 4 uL t ^gLi^J y
j
>t I jGI^J
jl ‘I ^p :Uj2>• iUjt ‘Xj^JUiA j^itUl
Jt d 1 J^f>d 1^ Cr^d
Eusebius^ Eclogae pwpheticae \\\:^^ lEusebii Pimphili Uj1 ^u\ Ubid 1:32^ ^Episcopiacsanensis EclogaeProp^ ed. Thomas Gaisford, Oxford 1842, p-
•••(ekpanth§ros> 401 ^^^^(11
^^ s(^i^ ^\ T Y \j\i l^jj\oU ) YY Y
m.u>^ julnir•W W ^ •tqc^j!0 c^ l^VUy
(Ernst#
^hyrj^^Jim^
Haeckel, Die Welti&thseL GemcinversldnlUichc Studien Uber MonistiscAe
Philosopbie, Bonn: Emil StrauB, 9th ed. t 1899, p. 379),
<
_.U>^ HY•W W ^ •tqc^j!0
(Ernst#
^hyrj^^Jim^
Haeckel, Die Welti&thseL Gemcinversldndlichc Studien Uber MonistiscAe
ii
01LlkJl
oU ^jjA ) iJlj cJlf <4l S( OlS* L
ijil» iJ^lj ^Vlj 4u^Ul .( l^aL
(”‘4^^1 d t AAlIj ^4 \j
vILJUa c)15 l Jb 4jl i j>u 4j^jJL <} J^UJlI
)
)i^ ^ik, v av bM jS3 ,4iis ^^jlu i^j ^ ^.i-u jii
ct)( l^5b ) ZJ^\j U.S iiwJ LrjJjU j^-^U ^b>jil J^l Jch
A^\fi\ j\ ^>1> J^VU 4^1 ,^Ui ^ p\
•\p^h\j •* Ijftjli ¢1 J»lJ
J
a^ cUJL>-J <4^4i-l oJu
J
” ‘K ^^ Ojii j 4J1JI) yliJl ill d {^>J^
^ ^ jdlj A^[fi UbL i^ildl i^aiJl Uii ^\J\ ^iJl ilJb
^jc J -y^S j^a jaf^y-i
—'
Y ) JikJl c)V cM^'^ J1
4( 0^231 oULXjj ^|U)1 0y^ ) y <:_ «jUil ^0 jf^i
.(^e5/2A»7^;DeSpectaculis9 30)
(a>Adolf Deissmann, *4Der Name Panthcra,
Min OrientalischeStudien Th. ridldeke
zum Siebzigsten Geburtstag, vol. 2, GieOen: A. TOpelmann, 1906, pp. 871-875;idem, Licht vom Osten9 Tubingen: J.C.B. Mohr (P. Siebeck), 4th cd. f 1 923, p. 57.
°>Maier, Jesus vonNazarstb, pp. 243, 264ff
.^jSiMsL\erf Jesus vonNazared^pp. 265 j!
i
: U?4 ^* 1 •j"^
^ \ J Uj^i IS1 VI- Ai^j ^Uj^Lu JJi, J.UI ^1^<^>.(
ck U^ij oSl<-5la^ ^1 (6Li/y)(i#) i-jjiJl “ />11 jJ
# ” Jl Jjbr ” oi yjtu vlj iJ^JI) ijOi iJUUJ
JofJ >1ji Jlr 6li 4^yJl iUIl J I^UU ]( " iS[J^\
n
Uu\ ^j6\^.[ ^Ja .4IS ^jr tlJjULil iUUl OUj^j tiSU-l
{jJ^ i»jL|
if ^>wJi J .( \ t — v jiA jA^ ) i ^ rj^ **•^Jan Assmannt
uMagic an3 Theology in Ancient Egypt,
Min Envisioning :>1 v^oaM
Magic: A Princeton Seminar and Symposium, ed. Peter Schfifer and Hans G.^jUl .Kippenberg, Leiden—New York— K6ln: Brill, 1997, pp. 1-18.
Hans Dieter Betz, ed. f The Greek :Jiu\ j Ujl?j ^;MagicalPapyriin Translation: IncludingtheDemotic SpeIIs$ Chicago and London:
tiy^ .University of Chicago Press, 1986, and his introduction^ pp. xlivff
jU* ] cjI\S ' :b Qid 49b:>;!
.^lU3l ^1/ «Jb^l JL^Ijj jAa V^J^t AamJ
Harper & Row, 1978,
especially ^p. 21-44.•>5>^jj r
i
JJ cJ> (^LS)^ [ ^UU
Morton Smith, Jesus the Magician^ San Francisco:
d $( v: i Y l‘** ujL#
^ ^jaj ( i * Y ISjJ HJm Uj o l T ^jjb JU
1W— N1 0 ¥ i^l S^UII yJ-rJU ^ •( \ \:T U^ U:Y
Ojjb J^j^ JlCiSh^ JO ^ ^j]\y .y^Ji J^Vl ^1 5c#
i j?
‘ ‘ ) (J^^ill Ijjiiyi ^lUi
cr^' ^Uapl a^tj jjp aJ{ jA su\J^jj
•( ^ i
IfSfi ^lj>- ^1 J1 JJ^ iS^Udl iljjJl tJUJi ^ \jJi\
J oLiiblJl d jjJLI I) I
^ ^y j< ^
^
iJLicn j^^ ^ ^Ja^w i^iJl S^S^Jlj -uijtU- Ja2i *ui>-jj^ J^iJli UlS* j^ij
jSy \^ tiS-inU I^liap js\ C—J -J •• /wl Jlj <L«>iJ#U-Oi
4S
.(^:\) i^jiu4# U^UI^• Jp J
5j\ ur^‘
Hans-JQigen Becker, : M ••• JJ5 L>
AufderKathedra des Mosc* Rabbinischtheologisches Denken undantirabbinischePolemik in Matthdus 73%\-\2t Berlin: Institut Kirche und Judentum» 1990, p. 30
J^ImIcII ^yja iAjj^ j ^d\ 4(with n. 1 55
^J… UL
|
liJUIl <^4JU pfeU ^^
jl ] <lL^ . jjj i^iJl iUj uS^lj c^j <JUa4 iiJUbA
JaAl N agi ol ,u^i J^S/I ii\j.\ j ^iu!
^^^^w lc wi^ll jU^fliPW 'y o/y duJ^^yuj 4 > y kui <”
Moshe David Herr,uThc Historical Significance ofthe Dialogues between Jewish
)Sages and Roman Dignitaries,11
Scripta Hierosolymit^ 1971, pp. 123-150
J l^l\j ) .JjVlm^2i\ cJ iUiJ ^l^Jl J^JU iUJ^M pIa Jp
Xj>-cJ^-li ^d ‘ S^iUJl iuiiil
y W V ‘ ip :‘ljip y i^l^Jl ^
Ji KS^t W^ Uir^r-^J ^Sj^.iXiu
0 9iJU> Uii ‘dJUi 1
4
d i^LJU •‘ ‘4t>l
- ^^I ^LLl :ijiUJl <«^in
ii 4«,>]1^ uuiy u iib .5i»>» <ii>- cj^at ugi j^j
uH 1^^; cJ^Lj ^ja ^s\ uUw^j c<jyjJuaII <jwLlJl ^cuaa31
C5-^"1 ^ L^ 0
1
j>%^j ^jjjJU^JI ^j^i-lj L»l>-bl*t
.^^my^IlOj^^Ul ijyi
Montz GQdemann, Religionsgeschichtliche iOUx^ ir^ ir yi] ^ja\ u \ja (<'>
Paul Billcrbeck, dLJL Leipzig: Oskar Leincr, 1876, pp. 89ff., 136AF.;4<AltjQdische Religionsgesprache,
nNathanael25% 1909, pp. 13-30, 33-50, 66-80
Hermann L. Strackand Paul Billerbecky Kommentarzum Neuen :L^1 %(p. 68);Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch^ vol.
1
DasEvangelium nach Matthaus,
0Munich: Beck,
1
922, p. 236\hj ^4J ^ j ^jX l ^AuuiS ^JiidischeAuseinandersetzungmitdcm Christentum in derAntike, pp. aI
. ^ l^lsi
X i -VfJlU ^kJL ) 1 16-1 18
\
fj Li JLnj ^j\ H
fJlS^ V j^JbJl <1)1 J^lS3l ^iis^
j^Jb 4j| \A^Xmaj <»JUj /^P ^j^aj «iL^ j\ Alblp
<Jjit ^p |^J5 ^1 cJbjJ^-l JL^a3I!
^Jll •_t: jJIj
J1 ^'j ^ a4 lj^ J5^
^^^^ uyv_uii ,ju joi j b^u ot
{
yju ^iJij j^i\ ^ ijL^ <
ii^j ^ Ajji\j J1 tik^Vl jt-fclp
w U ^Jl J i^l
jL,^a\^a\ i5u 4iif11 ^jui 4i \*r uui^jl^ijJjVi
• .(
«
^iJI ^jiJLI IjtA 1^*1 j (JU
?( • M • >£i/) ill uiUb^ N
( ) Sj^lJl JjA\ I ^1 •( ^UJl ) (iUUj V ( cIaj ) JJiJl
! U kUU#
j3 viAil :( J.LJI ) dJbu^ ^(^61)^^
• ^yJ <1^?-)[ ] alii
iLJif!5UVl dl :( J.UI ) iiJLJb ^ ( pUj) ^i\:jA juJU
jl jdj JiJ C)j^ Ait ^1 1( ^UJl ) uibu^>- ^ja ( jUJ ) jjJJ V
j•
t( lx lj*xs^
)
4wHfc^it\ Lii>
•( [ ti,—
crA?A ^!/^ “
IjySfl ) IJL > <^lj 4JL4J tpJawt
I “ gg:_t c3 ^JJl A^Ju (
^ «>• ^»\j <» ^Si\ ^rj^\ tCl ^ ^jt
\jj J^AV^* iSj^ J* oUy^ xo^- JA u1 ( '
U>^1a>l11 ^»hwl libj l^IlL^t <Ujlci^ 5)^ jjfr 4^iS^
•4^J ^^kil ^-JlJ oiw>idl a 5 # UM• JJ tyl«
)
U
5U CJIS lii ^ vJI ill- c3 j c
V^^ P 4*^" J ^^ tViJ %UU ^3 cJlJ til ojSLil cjJJ|
c
iuJl j^l\f!jUVl Jp j v^ll i' J "
>11
"
w <j! « 4^LJ9 jl«jli i cJJl jlaJL
y I Jljy
f
ojUJJ jy-l ^^iidl
J>^
¥ plaill pLJU iJjUIU
4%u U iL 4
11
4>>w»Jl
(bBer34a;Er53b.
(b Bes 29a.
j UJjljP y j
let* c5^-i c-^j JjU c-^j u ^iUJ J ^J i^Ll# jLp iJ .ijl^il 01jLiJl
> c^ v^-'i :^rjj jjJl jii®£ ‘jjjil vr^’ <lt-^w J^-d
<jl (j ‘UL>iJL1 cili^ iljJL— ji^j jj t
M
-uUt IS} " orjj jJkJ VU-SM^^ U^ cj> c^
fUiJ hrj^\ iLil d\ c^UJJ ^ •< ' i^ )
<J •J jt blij l^i Si»L^ y l^"jj
JUJl gill ciiiit— Jp #‘Lfci 0 ^J J5Vy ySf‘ J ‘l^jj 5 I 1 bl
_
U.( VM otJl yL, ) " ^ 1^3J^J y l^JLj J!AU vl^ U s^^ji
6 ^ (^r
‘ ^/^ Jp iji (Jj •( SjIp ‘ Llx>»l Xp
LgJUj^ o^ i)^LJl <11^-1 l^j^j L
M 0^*4 4 ¥ ‘
—
} ci^^l
fJbu ^LiJ U^l^ )
" fLt^Nl fJbu
1' ^ JpOjS
W Cr4 ,<3^*^ — jJl y
'^1
)
^JJ^ ^^^ JLJl \ja J JJa"
.CLUL Si^p -J^ ^1 Jj4( ^LUI
•• d t Jp ( esttsrvonA&zan? p.65> ^
J; ”
.•xij iUa Ijja i—aL Ji ^uil
\jS>A U lij jSSl 1
( JJJU ) JUiil " J,yI " Jp Jila jJl
I^I ) UUIJ ^^4 ^JbJli IoXa
• ( ^1}
(CJJl «^l J fX
) <J ( UIaI^ i^»\
j
) Jlii .( l^A^U-au ) Ua!^J^iJ W^jlcdJ
1 Sf ?lift cjt , Ia UhlS^ :( IjIaIS 1 ) aJ (
d\ vja.t \i\J 4 i^i^ 4JU4 U1
"
( UU15
fU3 I Jl 5jUl^ 1^1U
j\ ^ jfl Hjtil Aj\ J^u<5J 9 Aa^ (J l|ij — <4!
j\i> OjlJLUxl JU& ),A^JLc^ 4j
J
l) IjJ jUill ^Si\j i rjjJ UA^
A A1*^15elu "U^ ^*e Jp i«S
jJ> oi^ilj 4J»X>iAl (HL/9 ^ UJL^I
.( T^AlV ) v-JaJU \<f>*^Aj ‘U^aJLj
4^iJiyi oJLft^IJL>k1n«iU DyJ>J>j 4( ) 0^aIp Ifll ^ yu ‘jl^JlU iJU
4 (^ frLJl^AI jXj <V ) jU-je tjJJ I Jp
^-i-lSj bU.1 lftUUa>- ol^JLI ^1p cS^^JLll ||J^Ij 1 ^la> ^JJl i
<^aiJI oJLa t JbJl lX«^ l^ •aSmmJI 1+:
•
— —Ip H ‘^ - ^ 015 ^j Jl I ^) cJKVJ 015 Ail 5^&| US U-U^ U
•l^iJtAPfliU^CSy.U
^Jl ^ «A—4j i^JJl jJjJIl tij^£ gJil j <i
^*wiJ(
0^-iil .4 JU^UUb ^dl ^UJt J^c ^Ji\ xJbJl^ <4Ut jl-L ^JJI JLJLJU^Cj^J-bt ^ ^,>11 UfJlujwi .JU J^4 ^Ul^ jiJ^UiJJ <1^1^
*^ •(>4C^ riWA- W: U^J^!U^<”1 oxjw wu 4 vn
K^cnKingThe GospelofMaryofliiagdala: ••>;! .(A -x\ \^ j^j) Lip w ^JesusandtheFirst WomanApostle^ SantaRosa CA: Polebridge, 2003, pp. 1 S 1 f
<3) (Dan Brown, TheDa Whc/Cocfe; New York: Doubleday, 2003 .
0A
koinonos)
J V (JUJl ^1 J
jUJl iJUjU ij^i ^
(J 0 (J J*5j{j^ "" •XjJjtl JL^iJl <^ia! op\jii\ oJlA
Ul. 5Ju>*II ^\jj Jj^ a^Ls JJ - JaaJU ^j^i\ <as>c^j jX^oa
jt ^ !^> ‘ Jl ijJJ / ^^1 ^ d U
xj^ji ^ ^iji d^S ISJ U jl il^ ^ULl [ ] Niddah 1juJI J^l>-
d\ ‘UU <11 (J Jjll 4*^ a ,Lajl>-!
“ (The Gospel ofMary (BG 8502,1>” trans. G. W, MacRae and R. McL Wilson,
ed. D. M. Parrott, in TheNagHammadiLibraryin English, cd. James M. Robinson,San Francisco: Harper, 1990, p. 525 (BG 7t 10:1-3); King, Gospel ofMary oi
Magdafayp. 15(6:1.(<2>** (The Gospel of Philip (11,3 ),
Mintrod. and trans. Wesley W. Isenbeig, in Nag
IfammadiUbrary, p. 145 (Jl 59Ibid” p. 148(1163,35.(
•ibid” p.l 45(1159,1«4:;(la/a.
AllS Om Jaii ^JLltj iA^u uJ^d
•<^i 1^
A^i^jJci\ V ^JUI (VT W j>*U> JW1
•( ):
i: “ J p l/w• tpjlj-i (3 ( NJ ( C^Jjl ) ^ ^J ( )
^Ucil V
\X^ i^\j» l^JjA JjVl ^aJI Jt4J
4 ‘Oj ^ 1 J —___> j <m»jju ji oUls^UL-l Ujup
i(I«Xm^ 4-^Ij) <J l^JU ~ ^jL^U jL ^b^UL-1 <m«jJU
•0#> ‘O^Ocu :
(
• ) • U : U >> iJU^ l
^ "" Jj^l ffUU-l idjj>A J^i - vb
j^U7 OUjUS^
(i 0 :(jiLJl)
(
\Sa ) — O^JLcu :UJb-l Jji
.oljjlll
: ^ ^ Oj«U^ Ha — (aLJI) J
)
—
^j>%j .^JUllIj oIjj^IU Oj^J^U I— j^IjCa ^y>
”•
;l^l JiJ UjJU^* I«1a
cM4 ^ jl
1
j) — ( fUcil V
• & ^‘>
1 j »• )• ^^ 0t j ut (
V^ 1 Je^- ^ ( s^ vi ) ^J ^jl orj^lJ, ^UU ^1"^ w
uVl* ^• uuu—Nr jt
•i
•< aigicf >-
i '11%yu — (•Ui >jwl /(
•J J^^ 4^ 4 J
^iSy^r^^^Ugjp JLwjjj JL.<Jb jt ^jI UjjJ Oj^»{ V 0^ ^ 1*^) <J
() ^jppjJbfc j^i) {$ (J^1 ^jJLJJLjbLjiiA) LIp aaJ^/aa\j^
4 ^ ^ z*iJl <».M.Ai Lla
Vjt iS\/J 5jUJ ^1 Ijjj^I ISUj^ <Ui ^U1 U .^>rrj
U^I > J Jp jlyJl Ua j j^lJU i
g JJ
^jA J ti«JL»^ Ij i^jJU K^>ji
yj^i u y»j 4< UiB
" J "iSj^
"J f ^ f
y .vlUi Y lJ o^Uj ^^51 <J l* Jj»4y , I
4JiyS-\" LJ
**
^jjloi 4JjJti t^jjl^ ^1 4" 5jUw> ^ Jit \j^J
jjp jJ |
j
jJp fjJLl^ I jJJl ‘ /il^i II jjp jLli^
^Wl Y) ^jb Jij(Yr-Y* :U^ldl >^)A3oUb£
^ ^.( Yr NV^liJlJJ^w» jJum) J>d\ ; c^ij^ .( TMV
dlUJ Ut^j (A :Y> JjVi >-) JjjLS SUj Jp ^ViY Y
J-5ja^9^^jl) } 41^ t 4<J) :<J}Lt
Uj\A :YT JjVi JJ^w^ >m.) i^l J^i t( JbuUj
«^Uaj ! c^JLJ} ^^JLp Ip jJJl ^JL]i 015 ljj>*Ij .(J^w
V Ot • YV-Y • : ylilt iJ^lil >) 4*JL^ JU^
y^ 4^9 .Heb. 67 1 pp* Add. 23 (366) l»^k^ ij f^j^i J^*
4 Uf
J>
• — ‘,v •H W.(U^V jiail ) ^^idJU I1 Jl^J^UjUj |j/
OjSi V otw
) :^Ut ^ i^UJl dJu J|SuI
jA ii\^A jl ^ :( J^P AiP 2V^ *^3 ^ tJ^4
I j ...fl» OjUlJl ^4 JLy»jj jl viUi *blJj iSljjdl (J **-^*1^
J jLJl Sluu ^IjJt Ja^ l Aj . U.UI iJUj J S^^il
•UjJU cjj^\ji
^j-^i aJj!uI j^ lj> 4JU««
I
<LajU • Ajl^ljJl o^M U 11 :‘
j^ AjtjoJl sljjdl i^li JL- ^m^ )y4ir C^JUUiJ
-cy*^' <>*^^ ^ C^ i^U*! <iU»J
olJ| ^Ui JLJJ yu i^-Sflj JI^^Ui^Ili " L^« ^ Jtil i^aii (Jb^ <pL^ e^U>| t^l (J Ui^wj \ Ui-^Ij
ti ^ 1 c1 (*-fr^J (^" o^r^ 1
^IIaJI (J ,•:_/!; (4ajjS|I frLftijJl iJJ>^ dtJLil ^jaall
Js ” S •J of — ‘LiIU(T>.[ — A^LaJI ] ^La]I
#1^ U fa ‘<r>
( :• > ” fUJl jlUl d U
.^Ult |UaJ1 ^ ^
[ SljyJl j ] )jji* MljSil t y—
\
k Jl • Sl>* 0 Si ijiJl I
•< JSUI— /i j… ) 1
^U>cJ J^ J^^ (/estty vonNazarsthy pp^ 64fT.) )^)011 IJLI ^U U-U. O' 1
J 4^} j ^ ^li^} :^ £}|j j I 31 Ja^ il)1 J^lcdU J^i\
•Ljk uiLdj\^>* n<%l 1^11 A^mij
Q)mSanhlO:2.• >• W J V • LHWil >i 4 Jjjl(
.01¢*jt5^ 4^»jlvft U» <>iU? i»Jb«l^ U>^Li&(^ i^jMU P 1 ^1
IT
•»<(•a j (
<r)
<4>Sifrc Deuteronomy, 357:10 (cd. Finkelstcin, p* 430); Seder Eliyanu Zuta ed^
Friedmann, p. 191; b BB ISb; BamR20: 1; Tanhuma, Balaq 1
.
nr
0)< n r\ >yjJl5— 1
jlklq
^ ry? 4^M' °y-U J^
D § jil am iiujNl 0
lp W #4
d\jt(Ti A^jj)
J ?
(
— IT : ' jj ) <J^p^
^\2i\ JJ—^JI^I j w l ^Ji eS^j^uyi iOaAll5 4UA^ .Uajl <U# O^jA^ 4PU»
a)Tai5umim (Codex Neofiti, Fragment-Targums» Pseudo-Jonathan) on Num.24:25; y Sanh 10:2/25-29, fol. 28d; b Sanh 106a; SifreNumbers, 1 3 1 <ed Horovitz,
(J 5^^ ljIUJl ^ ^ (Ia^IaA <JLm*
J
^jJl vUbjt jUdl JLlidJ JJ Uip jJLcd!^ <> J
J1 ^^>2 cJ'^w*lj) ^iliJI jll*Jl J — ; j*-i
UJ>-1 U lijj (viUd ^p Vju JJ j^j>%j\ ^^4"! 0j^aiU * Lk>
l1 Jp -
‘
I JJi Jp ii^UJl
i/* ‘Js5I f4 W <5 cH
cJ^^j^\ oi 9
Cj^JU»jt (^JJl (iljJLil ^o t Nl .JaaJU
1: y ‘"Upj ^” dUi joj • —-y.4jli«j Ju^ c^UJL> J^i ]^ ULc 0j>
j
\Xa olij liU Sljjdl ^J\ cJjaj
JUJl y^i\ Jp ja\1\ jlij ?L>-I^ Cv.
fUUM> ( >‘ ULMJ - U Jd> i)^ dj^j» j^»ji ^%j\ ^ ^aj -kj^ iijx^»y\ jj
<y)Lp-i^
(5JUJl^U^I) bJi
4 i^ • 4<Lm»jl2Ii ojUli ^An
I
Jjj J ^TJJ 05 [ l -|^ ^ ^Ji^^] JU r ( UL^f) J^1 ^U/JjJt IJU J^t U
w
:jUi ,iU J
a IP ] vMi •
n
0U2^ U4 yiii :(n[
/ ai?4W •• Jltbr
!
!^ ” dLi JJuiJ (i^Jj) (ci)”
-^? ' ^ > sUl jpjJl J ^JUl c5^Jl] jlijjjl
. U 4jU j^p-j [ j^>-Jlit
‘ fL2i^\ :<J Jlij (j) 01^4 Sop [^U»bU] aJJ [JLJbJl] <^Uj-
^ ^ ^ c^- ^ji ULil ! [Lp-|y jj
t [>1 | (s | ) •4 y) [JLJLJl] JU- j\zj
ly j^j [U-l^ jj ! aipl [jyJJl] ^i. ju iJ Ujt (j) t4i?4^w
xUdl ^1 )*
C>.1 JLP jt ^r> L^I oiJ * i-LUl *Uj^
.( ylf liJULit <^jj
/ tr-t>m
UJOxford Heb• yi
| |Ua|^” v -u •(^ -cn
.( UilJUtv )d. 2012675)Jastrow, ZVctf s,v. ‘*tarut (^jj)J^C •
Jt(«>
4>* f-^4 >wL J^jr c^ :^* U I a ^1^-1 (<^))
/ijdUlkpl
,L«l^ j ! U^ • :^JI JU
—^ gJJl ‘Jk ( jX^SS \
) ^}M diUl o^p j •jU cJjb»
• U!s^i^ ^ f^j^> J cr^'j *f*<3VI ^ \^T ^ ^
villll jl^ ^yi j» Jp \j^j>- Ij^»jIp
id jIaII l^ oj^\ Ijj^l ^iJLLll ^«>«J L«Xpj ^Jjbt ^j>u 4jjji
j^ll • JlSj • ^^Jl S Ut4 ^P ljj^4 jt JLpI
^dlj vlA c«il>- ^ #— ^> • A dUi iJI oUl^UMj
4^^ Jl ^ g ^ JS^ cJJU
•ol^i • Ja^l^Uoi ^Jt i^tl^-U-t Aj\jji\
( c^jfijj)m
^\jji\ " JJ«Uul^ dj^ij Ip-\j» Ji JA JJ {y^j
UULI ^ ^1 io^^l "Jjudi ^ iJUU” UH i^UJl
oJ^t ^Jl jJUi)1 aX^A^m^Jp kX1*^ ^ <J
j
^jA ^lj\ oLJLU cJL^IjJ ‘ ^^ia^ll Oco^-1"
JA ^jA
J^ji V (T IV .U-^ ) UjJJl UU Owjj iU • ol^UJI i( w> \ *V ^>^('>
V[ JLJbll] jhm
Stephen Gero, .The Stem Master 4V^JLl # i^oiU j i4 ”
and His Wayward Disciple: A 4Jesus* Story in the Talmud and in Christian
Daniel Boyarin, ^ •j^>A\ U-Uil Lit ^Hagiography,^ JSJ25, 1994, pp. 287-311Dying forCod: Martyrdom andtheMakingofChristianityandJudaism^ Stanford,
CA: Stanford University Press, 1999, pp. 23-26.
TheHistoryoftheJewsin the Greco-Roman H^orA4 London and New :til5 Ji! (n
.(^yu^)York: Routledge, 2003, p. 75(4>m Avot, ch. 1
.
I
j
J t( xj0 oj^mS) *>l^iVt
^ J1 cM1^ 4c^j^* «i i^ 4^5^
"
J J1 U 6f l>A>f t/ dJ ^^ Js ^ Oi^^ 1 C^T #
d lf>c® ‘( -U gliy
oAA P ^J.Ja)1 V o\z^ j.n.^Jit p-l*.^TlW«»Uj
Jl>JI liUj .oUUUMn^Y ^ Jp ^Jju ji\ ^/i\ ^biVf
— I i jl^lI
J5*… • t
ji |j) VjS JS\^^'^Ua-Ip ^a-j (U^y J .U dJLJt v^Jl^j) j^ajJJ
^Ul d _: 1 ijl^* A^jJU t(U^jlj <SyjA ^s\
iji (S^ Ui '^Jt ^^l^ia^l - ijXSL.)/l JJ ^iJl yi ^Ct ^ l^j - viJUll
i d :jj^ ilUi J^jjb »*rrJ oUUlsM / dlUl
iljk Nl Ua l«j — 11 (iSjij^j) ^*U u ci <:2s~ C^ ^5i if S * b • ^• S Ip UU^UM 4 I^Ip Up ^
liU ^L- JiVl Jp 4^ J,w ^ J| (^%Ji dj2i\)
• ^UJl i l•J Jp Oj i
^a ^ujt ^ \)*j 4^Ji Sj4«ii w)jSCj ! <i*^ jJj^I ^j>\ •V^Vi .( tMakh 3:4. bL-j ) ijJ^)fl J*1 ^OJI ^J\ j^>» %1—iVu»^ ^
i,x5^->l
JiA 4j^.Jt is{"i^a)yHag 2:2/3 and 4, fol. 77d; y Sanh 6:9/1, fol. 23c.
: > “ “ b :
\
^ d U>• ^jU >14From Jerusalem the Great to Alexandria the Smair The Relationship betweenPalestine and Egypt in the Graeco-Roman Period,^ in The Talmud Yerusha/miandGraeco-Roman Culture voL 1, ed, Peter SchSfer9 TQbingen: Mohr Siebeck^ 1998t
pp. 129-140,
V
\j^S jlpLJ V iULijjrJlJ U.UI c^^i} ^JJ <S^»Mji UH Vi-^' Ujltl i-aiJl y»j5r J^i J
j J ^bLl^ . (^j^j/Jj^) J-iill ^JSj ( jj
jlJi rjc^\ jJi tUUi-i twi s \i\S \^ij<'>. -jiaJl JJ je>(Y>
( J51 ) JjJI Jp i^UJI
-l ^^Lil cbA • ^ I Jp oJ^Ji;
^ il^Jl J Jb M#l Jp juJI OlS1
Uo^j . {SJ^r il
J
lJI J JLm»
^ ^3l>» j jLmJI ii )‘ <aJ • 1*^1 ‘aJ
^j\ <t ^b Jp b\S JuJbJl ^1 ^«
•0 J ijjl JbSlI J1.U: J 4(5^5*
, juUl ^ ^ U» d\ /
oil?jL>ibll j Vj UhJU^J Nj <>^j fj
^UJI ¢5 I^Jl Ol^U ^1^ 6l dJLi^ U Ou
ja<^ <^ 2]| t)l y00 ^ V ‘ :% !I^ljJl
.Jbu Uj \r •^^ *jjUi^>1>tUtij^a^JC1 j^t ^<'>
.• J>Jl • • J 0[+•AUa V *m
J jJUil J«c 41 J^-^ JLJbll j\ii\ Ab c^U
j
Jj?sJl o^J^I
m ]^Un^^ ^ ^ >
•• ^>c“From Jerusalem the Great to Alexandria the Small,” p. 1 30, !!• 1 1 • :
V\
4 • • _*i \a <-) ^ ^^ 0 jJUJll
Y i^aJi ot N i2^if iU u UiJi jjbM• d .l> dUil
cM^jy^\ c5^ (J^ K^jr^
jjj^d JjUI ymJA ijUp ^L- ^y^y. Ci? itjla^l iJiVli tdUS ^(M ^ i>J ^Jic
4 a U C) Vj l
Olij^l 5^U ^ 4J^l lJu 01 J>- i^iJl J OU^I u>.
0 tiJ Jm aJ| ljj>-I j <JUi j! jJ^p} ^jk 11 JuJbll 1^ djJl
Jla Ud^ d^ yjU ijj ,J>L^ jUdl JLJI J1
JJUUl* <JjU ^ W<r>vwJil cily^bu v=L! oU^JJl^ v
(> ul^ ,lj ) o^u^ ,1 J,Ut) U^.^aAl^ LUij CJ.153U
<3 5^Lp OjJ^I Li1^ AjJJ J^lc^ iibjjl ^P J^^Jl
Jl Siljp—^J^ljJl
v^> SjLJI <j >>-11 i4^l 5jLi^l c€a
4J,Ud ojUl iJUl ojjll
jdJljljlIjj .^^lltr^crJ'
4 <1^JJ [!] (3 J O^oUJ S^»%l *>L^ v<)^ilaJl A^OAJ UJSSj
.f\jsi\ jp 4 Jesus vonNazarethujAa 4< u Lu('>
“Christians and Heretics in :>t> •i —d JUl J« Jp y ^j ojy”^ tjvw» l,u .(Rabbinic Literature of Late Antiquity/* HTR 87, 1994, pp. 156f
Cf owJi^U,!;
ijjj-i i y^uJiiU ^u» lj b^\.Uj iuU-\ J^ U-.J5 ^ »lUi ^ • v^U. ^1 ,dJi
.( %\j\j 4aa\^)^2}\^ v-LUilJ UJJf JJ yj I\jjdJpJL^ Ijj^o^ iLil
# •JesusvonNazarcth, p. 123 t^U xx
f ^ifcilU .( LiO^ Lijl Oj^^ ) ^U)1 #JU UJoJl iuJJ< cJlJ
bj U J ^Lof ^-k^U ) ^UJI 1 aaJ>- ja Jp ^J,U ^ t U# y^yi (T i byi y ^ji u J kd 4 jjU ^j
-
J
^tr W > V >e C f:ie>
V( *LJJ ) ^jf JJ U»-V •JU U“:__l •"Ja
YT
J 0^/1 J^l J J1 4j 3Ij ^jU
J
xU 4 J ^ # U s) — J ‘
tj>%^\\ ^jA ApyX j\ 5i ^1jj\ i^»jUr •<Ja^ o^
C)l^ l aSJ^- I ^ ^>wJJ -U-» ^t* ^4 oJbJbJl wJl o UUj . (j <lit ‘1 * \S (Uli Nj-i*
^>^Jl ^j\X JJ ^ J 1<-U \jj^A U ^1 C^^JI
°\|jl^ Jp Jl^JL
LkJl > ^ \| Oi • kJU y 1
Cji *(3^^ f^iJ Ui '>^^t J^*^ ^
Jlill 5 yJJl ^A t i«jbj i^liS/ ii j jX^ij \^\yt
^^ Ai jw^ljJl ^yY>^lc-Jl J
<a1aiLI C^oJI 4^Lw4 i^yij i^JjjJjJ !j*A^ jJ L^jI j^Jaj l
cl J( ‘t5 UbyJL^ li i^>w U? 1^5(^ • ^^
Joseph Naveh and Shaul Shaked, i4ini//e Msrf/b Aw/s: /4/amd
>
0>
J .Incantations ofLate Antiquity, Jerusalem: Magnes; Leiden: Brill, 1985, pp. 17f
Michael G. Morony,uMagic and Society in Late :^i vU^> j^J\ jU j
Sasanian Iraq/* in Prayer, Magic9 and the Stars in the Ancient and Late AntiqueWorldy ed. Scott Noegel, Joel Waiker» and Brannon Wheeler, University Park:
Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003, pp. 83-107.
^Uames A. Montgomery, Aramaic Incantation Texts from Nippur^ Philadelphia:
University Museum, 1913, nos. 8 (l. 6, 8), 9 (1. 2f.), 17 (1. 8, 10), 32 (1. 4), and 33
( 1 . 3), pp. I S4f., 1 6
1
9 1 90, 225 (with Montgomery's commentary on pp. 226-228),
and 230; Naveh and Shakcd, Amulets and Magic Bowls, Bowl 5, pp. 158-163;
Shaul Shaked,44The Poetics of Spells: Language and Structure in Aramaic
Incantations ofLate Antiquity 1; The Divorce Formula and Its Ramifi- cations,11in
Mesopotamian Magic: Textual, Historical, and Interpretive Perspectives, ed. Tzvi
Abusch and Karel van der Toom, Groningen: Styx, 1999, pp. 173-195; DanLcvene, A Corpus ofMagicBowls: Incantation Textsin JewishAramaicHvm Late
Antiquity^ London: Kegan Paul, 2003, pp. 3 1-39 (Bowls M50 and M59).
^^amucl Krausst DasLebcnJcsunachjUdischen Quellcn, Berlin: S. Calvary, 1902,
pp. 18Sf.; Louis Ginzberg, GinzeSchechterGenizah StudiesinMemoryofDoctor
vr
iy'mm
:iJ Ul
i( «jt ) f\yJr^ i( ^fjLif4^!) OjJl U j$\
r-^J ^cH1 3\^b J^S/i t> ^Si\ 4( ^^Ir/ )
. U •(• I^jjuVi Jli^oiil ^1 #jVl
^^2«i1 (j <ul J Jjil ilJb^ 4j U« SXittu oJUb
#iJi r^i) u:r i ^ ">! u
0
Ji
ulAJi .( " ^4-1 I^y oj^Sill 4ju^ai\ J ) ejt 4^Sft ^\jj
Jjp <j ) iiUtfJ Ja4S <P^i ^ Ua Jb^U
— ywi wj c/i/l Uit Je (
0 A Jp -jai >^1 jtiU oi iJLJLi J
j
3U OIJJ vksai 4\
Solomon Schechter^ vol. 1: MidrashandHaggadahf New York: Jewish Theological
Seminary of America, 1928 (reprint. New Yoric: Hermon, 1969), p. 329; WilliamHorbury,
4<The Trial ofJesus in Jewish Tradition^ in The TrialofJesus: CambridgeStudies in HonourofC.F.D. Mouley cd. Ernst Bammel, London: SCM, 1970, pp.104f.; Maier, Jesus von Nazareth, p. 295, n. 291; Zetev Falk,
MQcta, hadash mi-
4
Toledot Yeshu,*n
Tarb/z46, 1978, p. 319; Daniel Boyarin,4<Qeriah metuqqenet
shel ha-qetaf he-hadash shel 'Toledot Yeshu,*MTarbizAl, 1 978, p. 250.
(j-i* -^ • Montgomeiy, Aramaic Incantation Texts, bowl 34 (1. 2), p. 23 <'>
JLJI
6, 1999, pp. ‘• uiyy > Si^w f… ^ ••••
• <”
283-308.
.U^V J^tJl J^u\^) t ^ (^ ) tav^ 4" i^ujj editio princepsJi ^-JU
j^ ^^ ^^
" 4«>iJ Lu
j
' •(• ••• ^ 30_# — * —
#
—
V
!
•45^6 … ^ … Ola * : iLi ^•
:aSUi
1999,p.314.
VI
It j lyij 1
t i ij lyl^ <M#Ua]l
! ^/i\
n^iD] sugya UjU^ jj^d\^s\jj
U Jj4 [ (^ 1• Jjbdj
c^£W ^^ vbNlnaui > u i iwi /.t i u ^ji 4^iuii i jSis u* jjU k ir« ^ j>L-)i ^5* p *
•<JiLJShaked* “Jesus in the Magic Bowls,” p. 3 1 5.
Elchanan Reiner:14From Joshua to Jesus: The JJ ja y^J\^ y^UJi Jp ^ oiJ^^
Transformation ofa Biblical Story to a Local Myth;A Chapter in the Religious Lifeofthe Galilean Jew/' in SharingtheSacred:Religious ContactsandConflictsin theHolyLand, First-Fifieenth Centuries CE, ed. Arieh Kofsky and Guy G. Stroumsa,
Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi* 1998, pp. 258-260.
to I UJI
;
i l«UL oLi
Jpitp JU
tVHli JJ
r^\i\
• uiuii
LLUI Ijlj b^t J i
^ ^fj) f
. , <«JLuj
4: :
,… jy^rS\ l\jA J^l>-
jil «Ia Li V— T
rUin-^tiVl^^it^iU^^tooitl^irvMTUy rU,! Jij\
•( J A: > A: ‘If Jp uM Ual^U : Yd 4
dUi OIJ \i\ UU1
I 1 4( ^) U^UM jJiipl jup :Uj |*JLp
> J ^iSM i^jjMcgemon ) ^UM <J Jli ^ j^l J1
:
ji! " [^jUJtfuu] Ju ^ Jil t diit.
1> ^A J # *^^
•
(W) iiy
y
, viJ ^pI aJ Jli j i - ^LJI J U Jl U*i ^ 4!
cjt ^idimissu^K
1 [j3UJ» fULM] ^Ip Ujlp
4JU^« L iLa>^> <J Jli
[l^JU !”Ji” \^^4) oUt I
cSjWl (3j— c3
(O
. (dimu^m
wUri^t^ yj^JI U531U * \ji\
l ilJ^ t^L# v
Munich 9S f Paris SuppLHeb. 1337, and :5JUll l
Cr^ ^ ^'3
^
J )J
^ JI^SM ^ ^ Jjt .(U:Yr S^> C^Ml J1
• 4ikt•iMM •^JljJl>^ VV :^>[^^tJl^]^ c^JU liS^
:J [v^iu] JU
Lj5 U i5 •1 p.L^ — ( V : Uij* > ) J p
— ^ cJLS^ #‘ 5 iUSOi ^;-( : (JtU% ^ > I^p —I :sl J1 j U oj#J1 '^" ( J1V^ Jl jjw
Jj-lj IjA -( A Jl^S/l jLm ) IjlP UmI fjM iiliA
J| Jjjta Ua - ( j,Ul ) VU J|v>- Vj t<°H^5U.| aJLJlj J1
.^jit i^jl :ta-,^>- j Jlij ?(L^ ^LoNt LJp) ^ju (j\ JJj
J ^ i^aiJl
cMj .W^ —^ V Cr*> *^ <>•> u::la ,,_U
^ 4>* ^ ^ US ^ JU " bu-j0>
> ^ Jli #Uj iMl>- i( Ui-J ^ ^\J\ J-oiJ! \ dA J ^jaaa Y ^ U^j >^Tf
L^ r--^ u»^k>j»iJAMi )
* \ssj ik usMaicrf Jesus von Nazareth, p^ 296, n- 305f and the chart below, pp^
#i^xL ^(1371
fj^i ^JU \Kmm
JTS Rab* 15 ^j SuppL Heb,
1
337;^ U»>^ jl^5
<T>
.$UfCi^jA VJU sLajj0\iA
i)Uw djJ ijiJl
.iwi <5^ • JU5W tUj Jt^
•
(
> j : ii^L^4 <j")
01 ^vlu>3l jyl olkLJ!^ iu
t S/ .(IjjJp) •*!<•% Jb»»! IjJ-L S/
j-bu .Jai t>d 5>-L>u 015- Uiji- ^S
jLUJ Jjic5j^'
cjI
:
dimissus
dimissus U
ms: The Tradition j}^)\J 0>
j^l ja .andtheMan, 2 vols., Leiden: Brill, 1973
367?JmJU^ I yj cJtf J)
h
^ ^ ) jJyU iZ»jjLj»\i^
•V Jpj , l Ll^ ^aJL) Ja
tuy^J' li^^i ilSLiil 0)"!^^cJt :dimissus :JUiJ Ci ^^1 Jl^-“-<J = ) 01U^k>«II J o>J V jl>-Ij kJj>- iil^\ v^Jk^ <jl
—^1 jl 1 > Opi > ‘iHJi ‘( jA^\ jA^
.(? k —I <5 # ji ‘ UU4
S
!)L|il Jp S^LaJI y-jij ffi . \d^ V 4iw ULfe ^JJI Ji l^ 4
cy
^
L ..A • \ji\S (•.., ^1>-LL>I) :^3U)I kjJlfjl2^j ^J^ll
^^*4 [ >»-^il] ?( iJ l^i J frLlp J^-I^ ^5JL^ Ut jUii
U ISJj \dimissus (J tj5Lil oJi^ jl
The Tosefla Translated from the Hebrew, Fifth Division: ^ ijby !*<'>
iQodoshim fTAe OrderofHoly Things^ New YorkfKtav, 1979, p. 74Saul Lieberman, uRoman :1^1 J4;t \EIiezcr Ben Hyrkanus, vol. 1, p. 400 J j,UcLegal Institutions in Early Rabbinics and in the Acta Martyrorum/Vip/?, n:s., 35,
. 1944/45, pp.20f( ) Ls^\ ^\jX\ .Sa^ \^ JA
#1>- 1,1V lUj! jpU V .11^ i^l. j i^J|<'>
0-- A^jlXS <J^}\ *Uj J 4H ^ 4 Y • ^ uUjJ JUJ ) ^J JJU JUj
>* •< i^jM\ ^-Ji j j ul^^ jj^ j %y <!j J^ILI ^UU-I^j ul iUJb ,^^11^ J <*b (^U-l ^UU-l \ iUJbJp ^ JjUi, oiJ .1^5 jiL v li^ 1^-^ 44.l^ Jp * >L^
lT^ J ijiiW ^J_^\I <*0>- JJ J^?Jl Wl Jb-I # ( . ji, Jait
^ ) jUc>-l ^ ISU uiUi ^ iUlu fJUj .I4K ^iJl olL^Ukil JpJ^a ^lll
#l iLi^t ja ?# 4^ cwU- ijLp j \X^S -^U ^ blij
1
Jesus in the Early Tannaitic ) jJbij lii,^ u^u ^ ^ / i^ • ^Uterature,’’ in 2ur /ffirscA /fer«r CA^/e& \viSi:
OsW ‘(Alexander Notes to Chapter4 159 Kohut Memorial Foundation, 1933, p, 298
jA\^ uiyS l j\yj Jji\ ^\ jAa V . Maierf Jesus vormazareth^ pp^ 152-154<r)
fUU. Lai^ sw^^\ 1^ i|>v jd\S [S 4^dl Lu 61 .4li jml• I jUilt jp^^fUILI^ ^l^ ^UU1 ji -u r
-a ^j}\ jJ?lJl fuW •>jl^
oM
.
wp * XjIi^^ (1 UL-^Jl !j - ( fjJlj j>>a3I ) jjliJl
j J ja jjUJI fUUUI isjy. jJ\ ^U-U li> Ujl^pI
s^UJI j\ <e^r^ [ j^r
^
^ ] sgape jl i(symposium)
“yJJ vr ^ ^ 3 Bacchanalia) o>ydl
^ foiai 44^«Ij>j Liulp o^Lp iUbjLzpli #>1^0 l tij —
k .5
fVl y^j 4^>wJlI\o^Lp_ • Cr-J
>>1 ^jLdl J ‘;5^ JLM Jla cJK b!1•Jl oAUJl
(UA 4 ^4 a} ^JJl Jviil
^jA OwJ ^P li^i ^s\ l^eu U #^i^^(| IJLa i4jUJJ ^^Ij
^!- J^!)Laj .l^AS j^slj ’:_/i4; j£\
{j^ t0^j yu^
(T)
J1<r)v^ Cf^ ^ ^hy J
<>>
:[V^e]
jiJ) [sil^l v^JI ^jJ UJS^ljSi^ [oUioJ] ^J1 ^J\ C^i
w U JLiU ) 4luJ l^ ^jJl ^ .( >AYt ,odl
[f
IJ^l£]JJ ]^ A} " C^jUJl
fUU] cJLoi
<^s OJ .U>V ^1 Uustin, Dialogue with Trypho, 10: 1; Tertullian, Apology^ 7 and 8(°
^ if^j ^ua» ti u,i > ^ 4 1 juji^ li J^! ^ li J^J « UUj2 ^U-U-l^ <ua> JA 4>W^I
J
Visotzky, /a//re/5of i^jui ) ^j^Ji fuui^ l^a# ju. i U“(U ] a: > a: '
jihiJI l>15U w #«U^C «* tciLJi .r^ iSjLi jiji^ jujuJ ^J1 4( the Worlds p* 80
Ja^J ] j‘t Jb^) • ]
^ [ l:: ] l)J^J *[ 01111
lc* ilj all J ^rJt •W>W^ cij^oj <Sji -a «Oa1 ImX«
j —;f
^tLii fW ^tlj i UUj# #C^^-9
••ii u*u slu Uiuya^io ;
•
! I
«>QohR l:24onEcd. 1:8<1:8[3JX
AT
.O Lral>ci\ ^ 4011^^ y,/ J JU
~ *(i ^ ^k j 6? ^S}\ ti 4<)U-I oJu (3" :C^1
^ ] >uVUIM 0V JS^, aii11
c^rl
•y I I Jl J c^U[j^Ll [^* — j>-VU
^ {JjL) \SSj \jS JJ liSUj " J Jii 4 <g^ ^i! ^1^ Uxpj
.Jli ^(ojliiJl^ oi =) Oy^jj>M liiJl Jb ljpU- 5JiiJl
Jp 1^ - ( V \ ^ ^3ljj| ytp JJj ^ ^^) jlipl Ua LU yjjd HUJI^^ |
yi J SMf
l Uljjdlf
: U 5J |JL^^ UVU ju
^ C-^ •( ) JSCjfU 6L^i ^1
J
(Y > yiU^ :<J
^j^iuJ <ul >^| Aj^Skll l^b Jaii Jill |jU \S ISJ U jA
V-r^ ^J1^ 1 .jlklU olS^ 1SJ U jl 4^^Vlo^l t i^ J cUU 5>aJ| JU^ 4^l^> j^\
0 4
4 J : 1^ I ixi^iil J Jlil JU^ !>ULJ ^1 l^^ p.^ oUl^u
C)i^ crll Jl^bU ^ I Ua ^ J^ail ^tJLimi^l ^lj - SjliiJl ^Ji w ^ Jp 44Jl —
A
) SjliiJl JJ Uj^>L
cf>* J ^ ^ a^J ^ Jl^Vl flJL^I
t C^jVi S3 ^ ^jU t^ .y^ Jj ^u-V» fJUe J^^ U^Ul jL > yt t • f x
^^^^^
^
UVU Jiu^ V!J^\ fU-U.I
j\ ^\ ^jl JL-^ lufaiu-i csy 4JC1I #U i.^\jyi\LJl j<»>
.(/S
iJU-l Jp iy
^-! Oj^ i-^lk^-i \X^ 1^4
Juil JlyiJI
jjp aj j j^aiJI Ij^
u^y\ .u^u o^ui^ cj, ^>N 1 i^tJb-i jla^ v ji>ji ijla
Ijsli Jb«j ^aLJl» cJlS^ IS} U ii\^A|
*J^2J tULc 4^,
kIXaj^ *^1 4^ljjlJl 4J <1^ t N
^1>-U- jumjd liij 4j^t3 1^1 (A Jll»Nl ji^f) cil Vr1-
^1 liA Jp ^JU JL2J .i^UU iJUj Jl ^JUl Jb
cP :‘r^ “ urrJ
^r* •(|-c ^
W ^jh^IJp) L• ^ jJ idlJi
>^ l bJ ulJ lij .U41S31 i^iJl <! jJU ^ iJL^i 4 ( i^VUI
• ^
>i• “ w ; 1_
.Ia«p
jlkil j S U >
0.UU i
(>^ ^dj'j *^J J (Sy^j J ®j^
t<l cJlij ^4>-j O^Kijlj 4±i
J
! dJ^rj vUbUl) dDIU
l«Ub ii^AJl AaJaj IJbl Ajtiyjk A
J fj m /^JA^S ^vui J^jd\ I^JJ^ yjij > <ixr
jt UOj^i bl^ai C)\ jaj jJ^»j jA^l\ \jjk !
h (>6 UUb 0 Jp•
: fUUU AUaJl
Maier, Jesus vonNazarcth, p.
:
^1 4.1 <^[^\j i»^vi JJ ijix\^W*
^ i^UjJS^UU ^bl» UU>b ,>. J^Sfl^1 Vjt^ lJLiJ^ '
•i>oUj “UJ 1 ikuij ^jj^i f Jjf? jj-^ 1 *csr
j
5 4 • U aU (pp>0 d ‘Ij
( Uui i^UU U^UJ ) U-^U ^•J^LU (31cj^ lypV
^
jl^vImJ N 0
jjIaJI /ju A^m l*laj «j I d) «^>*L}I
IA^Xjj JjSfl 0*iJl
liy ^ M ^ nAr^)^ ^1^ JuJt .
j : 5!Ap u jjU^Jiwu ‘ r: w r: Ji^h on
^jaju^a ^UUI dS /uu L.j bJLi Sju^ J>jJC\^^ (t>.^U)l 0 Jl J5Ij\
y, V>U 015 lip J,>^ i^Uil JJ N -
OtxN Jiaii^pj^ ^YfUJl Jl^j^WIa
l Jb N Ajjyup J 4^1^! o^*l^4
• Jp 4JL^Ia1 ;Uj 1 oUaLJl l
uiiJUJ
. ^):U^t iJ •1yyi S^rt jUill ^VIU jl^iJI !^ vUUU
Maierf Jesus von Nazareth, p. 159, n^ 327^uy»^\^ll^(l>
Herford, Christianity^ pp. !37ft (around 109C.E.); RudolfFreudenberger, :^1<T >
$iDie delatio nominis causa gegen Rabbi Elieser ben Hyrkanos,^ in Revue
b “>7 /7» /»/? 5 / /’ // 3^1 ser” 1 5, 1 968, pp. 1 1-19^ ^DyingforGody p. 26 ) v^JJ ^ Wy^ \S jJi\ \ ^UJl^ ju>.
“Roman tcgal Institutions,:’ p, 2 1 “ai»jjjl Jp” ‘IyyBoyarin^ DyingfortJod,p. 31 :1^1 \Jesus vonNazareth, p. 163^
M
AV
1^ tSjiUlJl
" j>jJ.|f^Jl^1 lJu^ Jp ^l>Nl ^1 ^<'>^1
ii.oJ-1 Ula jj^ liJ U j dUJl Jp jA U cJ5 0^ illij l^J[j v^>-
u U.J 12J^ ^ b\ U-i dUi ^<T).5^jb)l 4UJLj a:\jJuC^
".JLiJI OUJI" j uj V^J'lili ciL^Jl j)I oI^Ip (Jj y^\j U li| j cjJj -UlJjl jJp ObJVli
djA^j c^JU-l bl%di viUS (J ‘pp -uai U*U«I t Jii
^ iSj^l\ iy^jS/l ^ (oL^pVIj) ^ ^ u^
^ LJ ol>^l lJubj ^1 lJub ^ ^rj^- V^*ObJNIj o5 il)lJ U jl^l^j ^lj L^3^ \^\ Jj
5^7 U^
J: ./> :! ^\yM -X^ ^Jp
iJjUIl y I^Jl lijUil yUlA ^ 0jJL* d C»»J iijmX\ oJlAj tl^Ua>j 4^wJll <aSUx11i
sjLm^)i djLipu 0ui>>i^-i ^?m iji^^
•L/ai ^y>yC^j U oljLlP^I oJlA UiaS (J ^oj 1 JUjj
1 ‘1^ sa?»lj JSj UM JS* ^ ^i. jjl^Jl
.OjOjLI iljj ^^U« i^jll 5^Jl j JiUiJj tJjS/l Jl
(
L#Lc twwilul • •.-^ |\^pIjJl c^I^Xj^aJL tA^pjJkl I
Ibid” p.31• •W A U z 4 crJ • lj
^^^^^) IS! j U J 4j>M j SdW ji^l IjJ :
j
• 4>1£>1^)1 UU»-^
Ai^i Jcu\ vUiUl jiUllJV._U1I j^La\ JsjfUl j^l J
AA
^ja^ji$ jjp Jii ^ 0^/1
\Jj\ IA a*^U> V L>. 4JIS j> (J^jj ^f^y^i I J^t) .i^iUl j\^i\ Srr-i ^<^4 ^ ^Lt^-Nt
<-^j ^j^il)l <4~Ia4 fj OJ <PjjfJA ^^4*1 J‘d^ 4^V4> ‘dUi (.5 iJl } # 1
^a iSj\jJ^m ^a i^Jr^ ui^U>-Vl l«i^ i cJj^j .ApLj! JL^»Jj
0*4 Oj^j^ ^ • <m1 l
^Jlj aj^IaII 01^]?Lil
Jp OJ>i OIJ uw v-y jjM i^; <j i-Juiji VJU ii Jpj< T>.^WI
.i^iUl ^Jl Vv-^ ¢5 I^Jl <t
(r> UJJ vUpI j jljuit Ujit ^1 - ijUl i^Jl ( T )
j>u JeCj Uxp JLa ip^lj ^ - (t)li>
j
4j3^' ^1>*1>J ^ ^U-UJJ i^U-U-l iw2>wJL)l J!
—
^ 1 4 ilL^-4 LjL> ioLtlp^bLl 4^L*j Aa\JL^x»j j
-
O^i J1 ^ O^i ^ U^-J ji vSOiii
^ J5 jjUJl ^UU-I^jJl iiUi J jjp
• |1
Jp Ailj V^t* *J^*i (^{Ul
if ) III..rt» jJ
I
aS\^ U— l i*jJS p|ll
J ^iA t>• UA J) “UJI jp —jl JKji JU^ll
,lb^ >t»>
•) jjA 4S\jJA^(4>Alcxander Guttmann, *The Significance of Miracles for Talmudic Judaisnu
f$
HUCA 20t 1947 t pp. 374ff.; idem^ Studies in RabbiiucJudaism% New York: Ktavf
1976,pp.58ff.
H
\Sii oJS ^ Jis ^ lif Jl
iu 4 jJji J^-1 iu ^jA jM-i S^SJwi — [LftXP]
"
a
4 ^ " :,JV
C.?!j «>LU JjJb^ IjP‘^yu* kVlAl 0JK l 1 c)IS ^>*1 J
JpJ^M Nw
:1jSy .^Ll Jl aLU Jjj^ «U cJiia [Ua^3w!dUS
" !«L1I
jJkil ljJL^> I 4 cJK— JU ^5 J
+>«^ I ^^M •J>jtfJ
<
m«#jjJlI
O
ljJL^ dJI> [I^jlp] !vli)S cuJti
m 4^ut}^
w ^u•jjbull ^1>>1>JLS JLj:__J 1^1 |^5Cj
•iliU cJlS OJjUl cJ N
^jA j^Sll CU^ U‘^yc* b^VLU CJl^^J» <JU d ! IjMj
—jjbuJl ISLl i^cfjJuL) ^j\^ oy^> [La%up] !»(cmJI
Irl " JUj 1^^ fUU-I Ji^ [ Uxp ]
"!JsLJl JS^ ji5 UNUI
t \^ c^J^ ISU .( \Yr • yL-)" ^1 J c^J [b>Jl]
O oil V ^^^ cM^"oJapf oljjlJl V* *L^ji Jli
^1jj ^SU jjp eljjdl J OmIJ <2ljSf
0 >•( :Y” WW—
oUUbLl i4li ^ ^ ^JJl u
(J JU^tj jjUJl ^l>-l^ wi iSl 44-^W- c^~l
bBM59b.
J^yr jjM dUUl J i <L>w
Jj Jjbiw 015 c^ iwiUjJ U»j .*l>-U>i
^\ a^\^ J.IS3L 4,^1 ^b) oUU-LM
01^ ^1 .U5^l^ ii |jJUf^l vllJS J :JJ jlSJ
11
:
f>l -
( ^VUI>(<^>mj L^jLipL) jlJi c-i jaU» IajCpI Jii ^l>-li-l
1 oUU^LM (r> • ja j \j^\i
AiUj L\j^\ Jii U>wi oV ^1 jjUJifUULI tJJL| IJU
^U-U-l JXj #^iU3i j^aj Ajj>%^i\ dly (3^U?)/ 4^ -c^ ^
^ ^1>-U-I iJj^l up«i t^lUS ^ ii-»LJ-l o>^,4 jlaJ Ij^ lJLf»- L^Sp
^L»j %_J^ Jp *U#j Ji5Uj .T %A aXUI Jij*4!1-*^ jj-«Jj fU-U-l 1,- jU
HJ^\j <U^ Jj^\^ : J^JI ^ <«JLu oL lJ«P ^U>U-I
•tSj>^ IJ^\jAajS ^^jj^\ *iL^ ^ U^* jfj l VJ ! L»jt ^U>U-I 6U
J
<T>
•••, M vJU JJJA
.( U J1 • y^\m
^ ^i\S ) #b^Jl wULX “U LJp^bBM59b
0)b Sanh 68a
P J i^U*UM 4Jwa3l
^JCJ U^ji^ (*-fr* ^4 aJIm»jJt^ oJLaj
—M(ib 1
Ob^jbdlj ^ jULUI IJLa 3luj c( '>
w
•UiJi if j ^> 'ui ot j^Lw
iUip ^U-U-l ^Sj 44j^-JI^ jy^ij .c-^Jl^ <-»jlcil
<up Jp (^JU-
) ^ jm lo^lj ®jUpU 4^UI ^i2i^il iiuJ-lj oU-iil ^ pUajl Lap ^ ^AiLJl l^jJbJt V
^) oUU-ULl|1 tobUIl «1a L ^jlJUJ^ L|. Uj jx)t j
^i • r ^r^ i«jli cJl5Jj —“i
U^J»\ (JfLU 4=^j) j>^i <4-m# HjJo j
^Ji i^LJl oUlj^-l <puj ^Jp ^ ^jAm}\ jt OLa^I
^p l^Lc^j ^i^ijjf J^-t ^ ( U^pw =) l^i oUljJ-l Jp
(j^ U lJU JlfiJSJij^) OyJI Jiy^nidiJJLJ Uij ^
(r)n5jL^
l ^ Ji tlfciij^ tjyJl Jp jJJ (^!>U) ^yiJl ut i\J i.
(J^u ^
VrT-^ S^'ji ty» ol ^l^ll^y0".[l^dlc^] cu-Jl ^1 Jp
• jiiT ^^oUJ*
S/J ^UjJlU • T^ 05 vilUi ijj ^ iJi
^^^ > f^» ^Ul J^ jU^ ^iil .^1 % ^1^
4( Jj-^Vb ^^i^LiJL 6^»Jj
cP5, mAmC ^iJl W li <5^* uwiUl Ui^
1 Jxl», 4 4i»jl»^ J ^ Jfi. ) YrV »l-t Ui^^j <0>
•(( aJa Jp [
yShab 14:3/5, (oL 14c; bSanh 101a (asaBaraitaM
•5 ‘•
•:_ 4Jb^^
i
( Ljip JL>- ^Si\ Jji-I JjjLi U \j^\j
3 , J UUJUiA P ibUt4 | iili gjJl
^iJl 4iU l^il^ olpj^ ^ Jj u^U3l ^^Jl ^ La ^LcJ V «LjJlI_ j^l •(}% J —•AC^ (H^'y t^UJl jlUJl J 4-r^ ^J^' j^ii^
-f
1 jV^ jJ» J^J tJjjLi Ctj iLjSpj *J^>Jl ^jll JJ
‘1^ U»liM La^ •
J
5)U > V ‘ 4 5jl
J
‘ J^J >| Jp
0 li|Jj ilf^lS lii 1
XjJl^ylf) JJl^l J1V J^y, JJ^
iJUJl U^ljj lauilL IJLa
J^j( JbuUj Y*
'>^e ^ ^ ^>-b N l ^jliil ja ^\j(%i)
<ijp^ IfS jcjC
jj^ (J IjU* (3 |.‘^<^m* IdJtJl j ‘4ij^
•t *jc ] iiiLj^r* * *ij^i\jij iUi^-^'^
> ^ fM}\ ^Ul ^^ u JJ^j • iUjd* Lw,jJl ^iUl ^JJI >Ui1 J-PJll jl^ jlC Lu<*>
^ #UJLil aa$U ^j^y. ^4^ ( <-JLa# JL^tj t U»ji»»«il ^ idyuu ^ (jJt
) dy^i Oiin akijt J^i .J^i^ 0^4 V ^idCj^ J^i f^u3 i ^UJI ^ ^^
Israel Yuval, uAU Israel Have a : uUl\ tJU J^ ^Ul i :< jjf^ljyis
Portion in the World toCome1* (in preparation)
V p ‘ / d j< :#p 1
fiu tv U i> 1
.( «i^uil
)
5LJ-I 4pIw
S
UiilcJtf j! ^ ^jJI
.•ulu^ ^ui» UpjUJ ji ijix\ iJu oitu<0
Ujtt JUl —<T>(jbu
( ) b 5J p (
• ^i
jjUJ>] J<v>l^JUi <n).[pLLi)fLfjaj l] [v^iu] <J jl
fUU-1
!Ub^ U 4[v>u^ 1.1li>l J^i] ^JLJ ^ :[Ub j3UJ>]
J‘dU jl d •:[> 1] <J [ jUi Ub jugt] Uoti> 4.JJ^ l JJ ^.u 0^11^ ,<
T>M!^ S! A]^<r)
. U^1
h|>Vuuuij < * > ibuNi •iui^ i i n ( y: y >amu ciui
•(/*r^ ) t y i>r?b ( )>H=^>y W fZy AZ 2:2/12, fol. 40d-41a; y Shab 14:4/13, fol. :UUl J Ua^; l^\y ^^<T >
14d-!5a; QohR 1 :24 on Eccl. 1:8(1 :8 [3]); bAZ 27b
_•j 4 uu»i y <il ^j •
uu .< uT>j! ) w>e^yi jjl j itLjwV.uuw^ j,uij .u >
•. r J U - Wji
•
... ^tjAAp 4m^Jj>Jji\ \j\j bj-P \ fjjXbi . . , t^jAAJJ * jji\ 01ri<* )
k( \jtX\j L #1 »tlj ) \ ^»\j ^1U» J [ ^»y^i 3 JUi #1^
54tjkii } ;^ii• ^—{The Talmudofyj»y . UL>w\«Ui>w j\SS ( jy ) 4^°the Land ofIsrael: An Academic Commentary to the Second, Third, and FourthDivisions, vol. 26: Yerushalmi Tractate Abodah Zarah, Atlanta, GA: Scholars
^ rfrj^ :vr-31* J^t^ c^t J} 1 Lu.^ ui 4 (Press,
1
999, p. 50« 45-U*Vl ajJJ\j ,j^>a *Up 4^ i^jJUcSt oUJ>
xJm ^
fU k o^i ‘ Jtji £ J• J354 j
l? i)S UU 3^ \ 4,iUi aj .(ibid., p. xv) ^j\yGerd A- Wewers, M4 Uij W Udi 1 1
.AvodaZaia. C^tzend/ens^TObingeniJ.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), I980,p.49.
•[ ] ( b 4J *^ J ^^U*U^ jt(”
4} tj^j ] JUi • #Uj jVi \j\j b^<v >
/ ^kij ol ^^^\ t cj^jfuu " jyi\ 1^ yui ajLi ^,ui^
(Ji c^l dUM ‘ 1 W 1 fuu JU
)<°>
cLJl ^ JJ OV iloUUUM Wj ^iJl ( l^) >Ll J/yJ) :Jli tc-iliJl ja olkil iA^ J oUU-U-t ^Lil ^S}\ ( ljU^
. L«J (jUfi) ^LJI JyJ " «(A ^ <a^UL|
0j-w (^*111 4«^ 11 JLa (UU jjUJl jr^l V
‘(> 1 f ^W OKm Uij Ul iJJI
(Y> 6jpX OlS^iil “^jil ^ iitoLiJl oUJl
VXl Jp cJj Ji 1 JpAj
dJjJl U oJj J cili. 4 ^l 5Uj jt Jb t)U c(f\rY) L>-> jL 3jjJ
^^U)1 0 JJ
l l^il N 4 ^l LaIi^jU|»
I
<2^Ll V Ujj1<JUj Ul) ^ ;UUl j
^ lT^ ^ ^ c/^' \^>-\Jjjaa J^p^Jji .5J$jbJl
^r°Vl j ¥ ‘— (A 5il»l l
JJ^ ^LiJ Uij 5^j -OUj^JIj j,»l yiSJ
( .A^MdJl <4^^1aJU I
p
1aj ^jA l*JbJ^ …"
<6>bBer56b;bMen99ba>tShcvu3:4
• iljjdl :4lJlj … w• oSf j §u^(”
/ A^JU ^U l Ji•
/ jl4k dLi [ Jli ] cV • :^U1<«>
•( (; ^1
«>b Ber 56b; bShab 116a
«>b Men 99b.
Ja fU-U-l IjA jU iiJ-i jAj iUb ^d
[Js^ P 1^ ?5JUjJl i^i-l jJjw ijl* SljjJl u^i
J^lJl4Ip J,4dUi^ oijjill^ ^l^Jl lift JL4 V l :UbJI i5XP
J tiJ— —si .(A : •>) bW yi^uiUjJl Iaxp ^IaZ;
jJLi^ 45^jM iiUiH1
U 4 iA^OjH) dJ> ^jA
jjIaJI AiUj 4_/l, U — Ul O^'^i <1H^
J^i iiSyi\ j>^ ^ W ^ ^ <1^
Jb-t aJLUj l jJp^2jii ^il ^<u I J^oi ij^ji ^
ji^ Cr4 -J^W C^ Vs^ ^ ^ .i5i?ljAl
XkJU> 1 Wli “ jjd i-le i^ •UiyUjSJWLLtf>j *jl siioi
i
jmJ — Ut^ \j i (j;iJl I*Xa 0 : 1^1
j\jJ^\ *oUl>-UM #jl ctliSl Ji iV t SljjJl
‘ bi I ‘ •SlijJl\ci^ ^^ •0 it gAJl lj%Jl jt
Li-L l-» (J ^ otljAl <>•^ ,>• {Sj^
• b
_ I c/^ ®b>J{ u4^ a4^ Ji f^51
<pjlLmi) oL*l>-UL-t jjUnIj ^ji V
yiJl <3 ^t5 u)l JJ ( Lmj iju^ ^jpyu Ul^ *.aJUJ r^AAi ^(OUaJ
fj^j^ f^JJ iiJi^^J jl 4^1 y ‘O jl*A^ J
c/1 !>* ^# >W V^LijjJJ jjP^S\ *SiJb^ 0UUmI UjJL ^jij^ ^
U jjUjJl ^U" jJ ”:^ J|>J| yji AjjS 4 LaJ 4-MflP Xii IjlA I^UJI |lUjl
^ .^UJI ^IaJI ^ ^ 0141p^L^I
<T)^^^ W^J JjUl>u
)1jlo^ J^c^dl I^Jli iJJI (^S^Uj l^-^t ra^JI Jli
!?(A :•1^|>). 1^1 1 N jJJlj IjM <31^ [IJa] ^Mjjy - • L«l]| ^53
!<l4 ^yLlj 1
uvej^Ul jL,) ^ ^1 Uji^I Jp - ?<JU Jli ^ ^ij| U 46^/1
\A
Ji^%. V A! J^ii^ fUUL| J.UI^ l ^1^1 ^
Ji 4(Ub ^ jjUJl yli L^ J^) jiUl Jk> j ^1^1 ^iildl
^i]l oUU-U-l apjJ J t<lij j o^l Jl 01^1 iioJ c^jJ
tlr 6 : oV cJ^JI jjUJl ^aJ jl ^1 .oljjdl JyV^JI u? L4 \ .yj]^ vilii^ ^i^W !
^"j^a
bAZ 27b• 1^ ”|| l
Uit JU«J^»>- ,y ^5^ UJLI1^ 6
Jp iU? ) 4jjU%1I oUW-L^I ^ •; |i UbpiV ) ijUIl ouuai ^yiil^ KJ^ ^\ UJ^\ ^U»
y >v•‘ui Jj^l •oUUU-lj
JiV' 0^ ^ (^i^j ^«uJl
.(gJUiol^
oUU-LLl
siij
^ l^l>*l>iI} JaJu» JUSj Ijl^j »o^il
VWt ^ j uij^i jik^i js\
d
j\y^ ^ d^rm^JLill m Uij
iy^\ jiS ^l-bj j^ipILzm#U
up^UI U l -^>1 ili)/
^ i)\S ^i\ <i^J| <
^ <J i ® iL^U bijL^ j^)
I c^)j (^^^Lll
<*^li-l{j j j Ij^Xli ^1 vi^ ) y iJLUl j^jl^i^I\oCJ«
[Sj ^l^ULl j^Uail J Ua ^yrj ^ ( ^jl^il U
j
XmA i/^±iJJS\ \ftj/u
iyUj Vli ;>iMj J” jUlA i y Jlii NUUJl fUl ^U 61SUJ Lii glUil ¢4--. Otf
) fjUJl J^! fU-U-l
W Oi f-4*
Sjliii .dJUi Jp
i] cS 1^
i]
—
aj!jJJ jjA
cr^' iS^^i ftaij^' iibfcj 4^* jhjj! ^ aUI ^^.axI ••— «jt3t aJl^ ^JJ l^JcuT ^IaI
j j <}Im%4 0 ^JJl 411^ Ij *^-LJ| t ^j UjUaJkl i)\
uyi <y i^Ji
iuU duy :jjij I 4 )iJUj^l
• ^!>U 4JdJL^Aj «ljl Ojlj (Cji
> ‘>1
(, *Maierf Jesus von Nazarcth% pp. 1 88, 1 9 1
.
<2>Origen CcOT/raCe/tt/in 1:28; see above, p, 19
I M
:Iie der
146
^Jjsm}} jJt\\
^ssenschafl
•<n
0)PGM VIII, 35-50, in Betz, GreekMagicalPapyriy p. 146R. Ganschinietz,
<4Iao,
Min
:^Vl >t ^ *^ j ^Jl^ * jtj •<
Paulys Real-EncyclopUdie der Classischen A/teitumswissenschafl, NeueBeaibeitung^ begonnen von Georg Wissowa^.. hrsg. v. Wilhelm Kroll, Siebzehnter
Halbband, Stuttgart: Mctzler, 1914, cols. 698-721
lit dUV : :| l^pjj • SJt^i 5 J viJU jjJ ySl l tJjrf •vlJ li
J JJ N JJ V^ J ‘4^
^i3l uilwl —^ w S(U^ • y Nj ‘yiUp Nj
<Y)"<i ^jj d
^U <j^.>mJLll 0^^1 d\j j3Uail j
^ ^j.J>Jl ^JlaJl ,4>^ 5ji ^jA 4^U ^P» ^JCj (^JJl til>jj^^r4
: Y;0 cUd ck #
^L^» l^Jl (J U 4( ••IjM OM ‘4«ul j j
^(j^L- <3*^ o^ Cx* 3 ( tjitc^' ^
~ \j\S^1 <iyJ>^yAi 0>! t[ j»JT^ —^U U^*y Jiij
j -Uil yJ JiU ^»ij^ ^0j>»kj4 J1 b -J>- Jj^
JT(T\Yr^>l^) VjsC.^4( 4>ti
-Jbl SM ->!^ ^ (5^a>^vj11^…1 J U " v i ibt* • 61 ‘
Hugo Odeberg, 3 Enoch; or. The Hebrew Book ofEnochy Cambridge: :JuVx}
) ^Cambridge University Press, 1928 (reprint^New York: Ktav, 1973). pp. 188-192
•( w^^«a>PGM XIII, 795-800, in Betz, GreekMagicalPapyri^ p. 191
.
)PeterSchMfer, ed.y SynopsezurHekhalot-Uteratur^l^ngm: J.C.B. Mohr(Paul
Siebeck), 1981, § IS and parallels; also inbSanh38b
.4^ ^iil Ki1 J1 dL^ Ji>l»^ \S^A dUUl llU •:Ja\^\ J>L<«>
UJLi IS1 VI) b 1 ii%Jl ol 1<K
”j ‘ yiijjjJI [ ^] (/Ci//
J
p 4-
C> b
f
ill ol ^JU I y^ aj UU^1 ! jJuij .( j UI>ljdl J1 ljli\
0 ‘ IjjlaJ ^Jbll JU)l ^ d Ujjj •
^jJi
fug
Iaoelf)5jLj u!" a^Ju^ Jji c *JUaj .uu Ijj^ Iaoel
:J^i (}^ cHS \X^ja) .
m
1} V ^iil <wl oy
4^ '^ Iaoel / Yahoel Js^Al^Jjjy >1
j]^^ ibuj 4
3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch/* in OTP, vol. ^'>1, p.243
^Ryszard Rubinkiewic<4>Apocalypse of Abraham 10:8 (see also 10:3); translation by Rubinkiewicz in
OTPf \o\. l,pp^693f
. j Iv J^M—1
#
jl^m • suji… p JUiij 4#i ,ui4,^ *4Jl -)» ^\ ot ^juoJI J-i ^ ^-Jj liA theurgical y>^Ji
u^ i^Jl J l^ jjL J^li ^iJl y>
j*J!) ,j^l>- ^Jp p-Ujil ^
^
T\^Jl4]l |IUJl
u^i c5-^' ^
4
6-r^ iS^y
^jr^i p• ^^jJl t <2j2>-j
j>«j ^J^lMJL|^ iJH 0)^ 4 J dijkil &<jjj U)1
‘<r><T(p£p J1 1 ^ # ^Jl jjilj •) jll
*i^*lj 5 OjiUI^plJUJl iaiL j»iapS/l ^1>-UM OIS* XU 4^1>-Ul»l JUUxll ——
^ ,SiSi Iw {l\d \>iJlfJi J ^ 4^105^1 ^Ji J iUl J
jjpj ^^Sfl l^t iiijpJ
" 4kAJ^ V ^JJl >>^J 4VUjJI 5>.JI
N Jl ‘p i dJ^j jJJl (Jb4j 4«ijl JLH
Major TrendsinJewishMysticism^ New York: Schocken, r^Jpf
UPhilip Atexander ‘The Historical Setting of :^; 1961 (reprint 1995, p. 68the Hebrew BookofEnoch,” 528,
1
977, p. 1 61 ; idem/‘3 (Hebrewiv Apocalypse of
(Enoch’’ P- 244,
Ganschinietz, ^Iao,** cols. 709-713; Johann Michl,i4Engel II ( jOdisch)/' in : jU(T>
RAC, voL 5, Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1962, col. 215, n. 102^Ant. 2,276.
> ':V •V •UJL* i( 1 —M :' CjjU«>
:>1 yUU JJ> J^l ^ .(^t dj^i *V^^ Ci^b^ cJSUl ^^ l
Ephraim E. Urbach, The Sages: Their Concepts and Beliefs^ Jerusalem: Magnes,
1979, vol. l,pp. 127-129
Ul lj\ ^ d\ <A5U oJUu
Y Jill iijJi>CiJ{
j^lpl J>4J . *_<!• <J ^l^iU <J^i>%S a 1^1 l L* ftJLa
<Ari 44/^l (*-^* (5^ ^ ^(5y>^\ i4,J^sli^ij] j^U KL»d>ci\ 4^1^} L it lJu J l*b ji jjUJl
<il - -ri li-a JL»j .jt JU^ jjp UiJl >Ijiil jX^ia tXJjLl IjJl icJJbii JSCi Ujl^ tij jl tJboJL*
UJp
^
(r).b^xiJ ^iUl jx^ll <! ^Vlj - ^>1^ ip^Jl
:(^-dJ l>-je uv JUI jl^Lt
lo^ij ub 4{JL. un
S^is^ ^u-U ( r^-rA <i
)
<JUk dauui 4 ^ ^ /5(W> dU-U
hospoieseidynamin)^L ji ^Jj^l^^ VH
• **
I i JA k ( onomati
UW iaii# N i— 1
1531 (dynamis)fu^l <3 ‘ 4 ( exousia)
(,TGM XIII, 840-845* in Bete, GreekMagicalPapyri^ p. 19 1
.
Q)Auguste Audollent, Defixionum tabellae, LuteciaeParisiomnr. A. Fontemoing,1904» no. 27 1 /19 (p. 374) :1^1 ^1 . Papyrus Berol. 9794, in Abrasax. Ausgewdh/tcPapyrirdigidsen undmagischen Inhaits, vol. 2, ed. Rcinold Mcrkelbach and MariaTolti, Opladen: WestdeutscherVerlag, 1991, pp. 124-125, no. 13uJt> vr* • *vt m imt >- ju\ lieu w i s^u
1 > l^rs ^0v i r: ' j Sn- r: •
u j 44IpI ul ^ uU U w ^\ ymJ^\ ^jj\
• •0: ^sl
•• -TA: “w
\*V
JnULx)! l ^ 5i^p
V l^»^U »lojJf lj2i .yC>jil jjt Jl^t >LLi
^la>U-iU^ \j^> ^ *u^d^ t>Ul oy• >• w‘W
j^Sl liJU J u.
(oUUUU) i^UM
‘(iLiUJl UUM
oiiJL iiW
>l$y^\ SjUm
LiiJl ^4
“>MortonSmith^5U5 reA/ c/ pp, I14f
… j ) UU j d d01^1 Ol^^aiwii (0^il oJut <i^U> U d UJi JL^J
i
( ^ia>> b^i gJJlj [^^J fl^UUJ] 015"
<1 JU ‘ [ ^] U XA ^ d ^ ^" ?Ai> cJi iiu
w
:[ fULUl]
•”LKJ U^US3l”—l^
a! ^<1>Jl^(J^il)6^J
^ :[ ^Ul]4j[l^fUU.|]jUi
’!US3I ^
<^«U-I JLm ).|«J?U- <^jjl ( UUJi ) tia>* j!U <J ^iSfl IJb J2i IJ^Aj
•[ iaJLlll JJ^ j^U? j^S ].( \ •
giJlj " __Ul l oltLpJ-U-1 jA ^aj ^Jt ^1>-U-I
,>. ] i>UV» ^JUc, ^lj cJUJl u^l ^4 O^JI J -xJJl J15j aS •[ • - 5^4 jt ‘b^bfU J^lit ‘ftbUl
0^ m»\ji\ Jp tJlu>-Vl *lLij Jp <! Uw^l
j
JJ^ y AZ 2:2/7, fol. 40d; y Shab 14:4/8, foh 14d; QohR 10:5. 1 follow y AZ<'>
• ^ 1 j U cAIJjH\
• •( )• o ;!
•
\j^\j w>S * Mj aaa\^ t^UJI jlA\ JJ j» j* JiV ^ ^ jOJ^
* ^J^ ^ rj^jt ^
iT " jt " 5j \jSj * :*Uj aaa\j- . VJU ( LaJUj^V) 1
•
••… J • :• ^i** 1 ul{
Jp -Up Jily^^ ^ ^ J7S \ <i^j
4 d•it 4 V*1 Jin5 i fULM J! 5jU! tLi//d bl
.0*^11 ji i^y^\ y%^J\ JkJ I l|^w ^U-U-l <i>j
‘ ^” J A>W U cr^J _*—^ i J! 15jU! U •
(petra) s/^JI a* J^j 4(Pctros) ^>1 cj! UJ Jjjt u!jB
i^jJi 9^ Ju>4l^U J^tCil^
* •
c^uiifus 01^1 OJ^u 0^yav 0^1,11 ^ tt Jti ^
.ic t \ 9 m . _ •
”1T <
—{>-< U I j >• CjjUj^ ^^UUJI p jUa;^WW «Mj •<^ djM j^U ^4 0 u b^Jb
^Uuj jUaic-e 6Li- uljwJ W ^VUI J5LJJ J L.ua» JJ^tj r-J>dl J1 l^$ • w 1 ^vj'
J4 )
D .ofthe Byzantine
Penod, Ramat-Gan: Bar llan University Press, 1990, pp. 68 f 567; Giuseppe Veltri t
Magie und Halakha. AnsQtze zu einem empirischen WissenschafisbegrifT imspQtantiken und Mhmittelalterti ^
SokoiQ^D^tiona/yofJeivisjhBabybijia/jAiamaic^p.jfiSI50f- f 1 179; idem, A Dictionary ofJewish Palestinian Aramaic
Siebcck), 1997^^32,78
^ r
chen Judcntum, Tubingen: J.C-B, Mohr (Paul123. See also Smith Jesus the Magician p. 1 14,
m
SiaLJlj ij2i\ JljJ Uj .jgtalu »c)jjL^jj ^41
m
^ ua!
i 4 ca-j^wJLI yj I 11
vU-^J cJliM^jJl Jj cr^^i
u-JUfiJl ^ ^*j V^J^* iWLJl JJ ^ <u5l^ '-a-ojj .^1^1 J| Jjw»
-YY t^>) jv5 oli^k>-L Uil^* l^ 0}j ci^j^M J->-liNl
1 ‘(Y-A kji YY V A
JUa^l t Ul>-li*l \»j^ieu ^1 vilt il * ^ji
L^^>- j^S\ AiX^jajj 4^ isLfjJA iJLi SJL^J^fl ol ‘1^ 1
ik^Jl .iJbj- JJiJl ^ i/^' <3^1^31
44>»|JLp}j 4j^S\A JL>-lj »—»^bU ibUI
^•U iijpM jlj i 1 i^»YU ili • ^ iiUij iJaii U
oi^i 4( ^ y^i iiib. ) L>- .ve>"
^Xf^\ iSL^j ^ ,\Lil\ JS\^ 4ilU .^Ul J Jaii yi>t jli)/l
fl p)fl i>ip UF>
;uiu ”‘
, U iJjUl oUUlU
u .<Ip ^•4i JOjj^Oa^
J.UI t^Lu LJLil IJUJp
Haim Cohn, TAe 7/7^/ .< vv ^jn\ n^nY-*\ y> jj^w*a/jrf Z7 A o/Ve^/5 New York: Haiper and Roi, 1971, pp. 211-217, an3 thesummary in Haim Hermann Cohn and Louis Isaac Rabinowilz, ^'Capital
.Punishment,MinEJ, 1971, vol.5 t cols 142-147.
i( Ar^ ) MV *UJU<T,
On the Trial (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1961 pp. ^it} HiSLaill ^-jU J^t JA UUa» JJ^ UUiJ^ Aiyfi l ilrfj 0^0^474)
•V* Jju ftJUi .*«• \ t^\A
^ \j^ 4JL aJl <^j\J J^t^ oliUU.4 JJ^ UU>^}^ jyl-l
WtoSanh6:1 .
. —.^Uil JJ ^ (II. 1 .8-9) LJjjli Ul
UJ Xp A • j J Of [ ] jp
^jAJI ^yuu iJU- Jj ^\( i-w^l (^ ) ^ (Jj J
S^i \ji\s ( O^UVl ^^JLJI) ! 1^ l^lb d\^ jSUj .(JiUiL) Aiyyu
•(IS“1^*^ -X3J IjX«ju ) jjj
!Ujl^# >J^I^U<T>: y( (J6*) jiXu 015 (liA^-^^aibu i^UUi^
^^{; Ul Ji*i ^iiJ|y c”l ijip) J
J (A)c^^UJi ( ^b ) uyujL ^Li ^L»J ,
(v>(
“W Js51 ( 4^r^®
)
J ( “_: ij^-lll ^j\ci 615 <iV ON
fOii ot -cS^M^ ^UoU Lji sjyu cy^^X ^tJi\ 5^U Jp ) ( 416 )
c~Jl ) ^5^i a» ^UoJl J l^i |j^ jl j^rjS ^J .<j Jjbj
.^aiJl JLp iJLp^^
J
( f>4 ! J 0 ‘’ liJ U•Jl ‘ liJfJ£ 4
.:( L Sfc j^JQ
_^ykj 4?JU bJu*
1|JpjLw iLL tLiil
^^ • tji j ji i
•f j=^c^‘Wj^0
«Ljjji» Ja5i<d>
. jL^ w'>
•Ujt ; u a»
n
cMlr-! 2
^UjJI
J <1 (3 Nj :4jLlj [ <ul ]^ I Jji
W as Ul 4
J^iJl l J^U ^JJl c^l^l 0^1 JJlji
bljL l^l c~J ^1 iJJLII j^JlcJl Jp ^ ‘b U3 #1^1 jxll ^lj
\^! C<2iL«t OlS*^ 1 4i:__rtll ^jA <A*XiA 4<ajJJ.
4 O^J J1 Jiri ^ ^ ^4* ^
•u •till H J1c1
pi•‘13•(”
J-i Ji SJc JJ^ cJU J ^JJl ^U»
^jJt Jaii j! Utu Uji uyujL aJi? UJ U y&j ) UL- Ujj
JdCw Js^' •( W*^iy V>4 P #Liil 4 lj]| d)i “y) ,1
^Jlj ^^bll MpJ ^ SjCa^ ^^3 .J ^1n>» J
> ^j4 b• ^ ^ .j^JJ^i
S/ Jj^ii (j^-U ^j1\ jl) <Js> (^i^i djii\ Jsij! ^ UajI JjU
cM 4 H ^ ^‘V i J a J
^Ai ^l iS/l 45lix^I ^1 ^ ^J^i\ V ^JJJ^ :V! 4La^Ia4 <>w> (jj 4«i^jA4 I*xa t jJLj 4iiJLiJD i.ya^*
Y ‘ 4 1 ”^Jxi VU ijp ii^c^ a^S
•oU-ill ^iJb^
.<a\Sp[j ibjJ^U ^aiw UjL>-J^^VUI jl^Ll Ua ^
V^>9
<~p l?j ^JJl ^^waiJl JLp <JLp Jli Mi =
•oU^k^il
• Ji ilwjh f 1^^^ ^ 4 il fli
=
•0 jSh OSl 511
3^^aJL]| ^jMjU 4jSl ^*Xt^ =
•j^4“ 1 =
•i«jjy^i =
.jS\SAjlX^J *3^X\^Jesus vonNazareth, p. 223^U <JiU u Uu(
ob obJJLI d«u
^L>-LU lS»j ijLJ.1 tiJLftj i)U#j J:cW
\^S o A (y)[ Jp] [ Xu^ ] ( ijd
)^iiJl J5
jjliuJl ^1>*LL|
—{a ) 015 ^S/t ( ^ ) SjS^\ iaii :I^Jli oUUlU^
) olJ^li <^jJL \j\ 4^bU 4 4
•OLa^JLt ( IjlJ
j4i 1^1A ^JJ ( l|i 44lij
•[•••]•( ) J^L V it#4 : U4#i
so^lj Ua^4 • ‘jSfl Jp bj^p
-U%A^I <2zJL^ Ijl^Aj
4jI*X>* JJ JJLma£
•li^» J .Sifre Deuteronomy 221 (ed. Finkelstdn pp : J>hm Sanh 6:4Beth A. Berkowitz, Execution and Invention Death Penalty Discourse in :J^A nEariyRabbinicandChristian Culture Oxford tOxfoid University Press, 2006, pp.
• •.65-94
J^lyu Jpp_ J YY :Y — ”
•yuidiiii •m
Uop-U 4( Jp ) dLJ cjI}
t i^La asMj o^ajj
J A^J j? i[ 5LU ] L^\ J^A^rc^^i Jli^ jjLc Lu L^j•
( 4 0 JU ( r) jld JUS<3^ c^/ I • ( Ym AytJl jA^t ) L..^t 1 ^1J
*^1-^1 ^J|
•l^ I j j ‘[ ijy^i | ] ^^/| [ 1 ] 1
^ °>r ^ oUJtil jlkJ
^eT4 4^3jl-lll^ ^JliJl l^1^>-J ^w^jj (O^UJl
^ :oUl>-U-lj jjUJl ^UU-I ja JS iJthie. JSLi^ -lJLp: w" JljJl
^ cr^ J iP SOpUJ 4^5^ ^UU-I I^^ iaii i “ • 1 IJU j ‘ U*y»| jjj^ fcjLij
C>» ‘ U»U4j j^J| u•
^y ^5•
‘^ :^^i(o^ll JJ tjil ! Xu ) slijJl jbu jL i^Up y>
"j^iJl
j^iJ l Oaj ijji tiJljjJl i^jli UUI
o^iu l*ip ejy-j i^j^>. wisijl
‘b >J|>| ‘ Y Y:Y > # jp‘ ^^ JJLr Jj .(" iJtjLl Jp ilf 4 t)U ":Yr i^l J
) ^1^- Jp ^LJtj JU^JI JlkJ J^-^I JU, J^JI yLw ^jUJi ^uiil
oaLIj ^jJl x^\ dji^\ji 1jIJ lij U iJL^ j Jaii wjJLl ^•^^Ikl j^lJl LJI U>UM U*-lw
i>- J ^( V j^i-l JLiJ
•( 0^1# >•
• ‘Uy‘…
Jp J jt J ^oi dUb Jj^l 2i\^\ J f^l
J tJi-iSfl J| <m»1jj Jiij t— OjjUiiJl ^
* j djlajl ol Jlit
JiSjU^L dUijv N iiiJUJl JI>JI
Jp Up I 4ji lidl p^ill : ij jJI i^jJI
iJLli .4ISfjJl J <>• Jj V j^sLl JLiJ
)l tijiliLI o-U Jp
> hU .V 1 1•
j • U OSf J^J lc^ tlijA-l# :
Al SJj N Cj^ fj^ 011 J i^lj U^jyi^
m
i^jLJiU^ kobJiA
. Uj jl ^Lp
^i^i\y^ C^/^Jb U,Ut l^ai J ^ -lT,(
OiJ^ ySy^i ^ ^ Ui^ J(r)t UjVl
: 1jl^ 15\)^»JbJl 1^ ‘
^ • — ‘ W ‘y ^1 k{^Jj^U 0 / 4jJj^Ia) ^Ul Oj^Ai ilL-^J ia4» ,j-Jj
jp ‘vv .(G J 0^; L5 Ijlp
1lijJl a^UUj
1^\j^ U .U^J uyujLfI*Ap)M JJ dUi
iiJJl 01^ t ^iJI — oU-llI J diliSj i\jyi\ (J—
U^ d^Ui jXjy_.Ul iui"
*
.^JLa5l
a>mSanh7:4.O)mSanh7:10.(4>Ibid.» endofthe Mishna; seealso ibid., 10:4.
^HnSanh?:!!.
\X)
L JjUl OjlSJ 0^/1 Uye>,
djS^ iOUjMi o^u Jp (Jji^i js ) /oUjS/i 5^uJ ^JI J,ui
^ ^ i^u d^y\
fJ ylSJl
Ujb I « JLi ^ i^Jl n—n l
/Jb N •(^ (ii5)^ JJ
U^l IJU<°>rUi J 4Sb JSJLI^ Jp
Jp (5j^ JJ ^
|^1^ XJUJI^ OJU jj) J^UVl ^ 01,1^ ^^a>JU j^t ^<'>Raymond E. Brown, TheDeath ^Winter, TrialofJesus, pp. 136-148 : ^ofthe Messiah: From Gethsemane to the Grave; A Commentary on the Passion
^ .Narratives in the Four Gospels, 2 vols.. New York: Doubleday, 1994M in Hen d : j W •
•“ •la
Sanh6:4and7:4.
•v:wu^i tv 'n:m^Jni- >n: i vrJzn -iY:Y%ju<n
irv *t i y ii onYUA iy ‘y: ur- ruu*n w:w• tw ‘_ “ y ‘r
:
rv r :u, am
j^23l J1 ^p£w^ l 5U jjZaj UXP
^ Ij Ja^j 4 v^^jJ ti ^Jap] L^Ljj^j j |
uu iliU jw? ^>j Jp J>UJ ! ^^11 *iJJiJ .4llJ aL j j?^J\
(J ^^naoJI (”_( )^/>wJl / ^rJ i-i-i>wJl
ijli*! ^ "ai5"J IJLiJ ^1 ^ J,Ulj XJLi.1 ^
^j^i\ jX^il Lni cXO>- ja JjiS/ .l^i-lJ jjp ojOaJI ,y^Sfl JbLU
S^l^iJlJj o^/ JLnII Jp ^jJI ja S^5UJl (^^pjil)
OUjlii* OliVli t4^Jb jA^i\ U jALj .XJbLl JL^jJI <^i j aj^
•(JjNi aIaji) oi ^^JJ
^ ^J>\j JS^ Jilj^ ^j>l iuaiJli 4fUp^l oUl^ v-JL U
U V o Jl N ‘i Jp #• ^| VULU U ^ I
> (> crVj uA(n.JJ 1 ^W ii -UiJl
I tA^UiIl j oi J^4 i)i
^jl^jmJI I
oSi — uui Uj - iiLgi Jo |^i>4^JUL^ ^i y Iw jl^lJi
S U|j J^jAI A^s Ujjl iUl 4 #1 Swila^ tjjvilku j^JlftLi IjJb^
oii cjjildl 4>w^lj i^Jl oIa f^i S/
J
a>.(ftl iJ!AJ j ) 45Lj
.uT^;1<'>Horbury
yJews and i-ijjJl ^k;l IJU j>-V ^Maiert /&5(/5 va/j Nazarethf p. 227<T>
.Chnstians.p. 104
> “ d ( V 0liVv
)
> Y : iJUy—£j^t •m Sanh 4 and
5
<r >
..\ 1\j ( ts^N ) 5i-dluVI4Us^ J=rUVi JU UVU 1! J .•UJJII
• d: t‘0 :” ”
jp Luut iu d ^^( vm
)
# Lai
s
‘-( l\t
ur
iijj l ^jPAU O^jUaJl 1JU
•VUW—Vl J I ^^J1 s^ip IJLia^ ot
y J 1
.4 Lm ^JLit ^ ^pjUD
i>Jt Jp ‘3^1 # UU iU #Ji 4, '^> c^ ^ji u!^J J?5 (^ cA*4 iiUiii
l^iloJ O^Ul^. jL ^ cJjJl JA l* iil 4jA <4Ji ^jJi
^ JLm# Ua 0j^» .i^lJl ol» XJ> -:ftt Uap)/
”• I 4^] Ijj Jp ‘^ ‘L^l Jiu• #ij j \
us *v fjhj ^ 01 r* vl-»^J JL*^UJ JUa ^ Lj Jiii
i U >1 iJbM ^
( W:U r cJi Cjr<”• {j 'it : i i ju{ l n •
uj j^-1 a>> ii u^
^
• T:V ” iTY : r :A •orunju (•>
r\ AA\ijkTi-rx\^ys\\^yyy•^.(T)siVA
•r rr: >
u
AjLmM 61^ 4JUM
olku#
U-U-l fjiJl (J\aJJ\ OjJliU
\j ) Aa\Js\j
jtJ )Hd .llai ‘ ^JA
” Jl ISLi ‘<3 g«i3l Jljl dJUJi ]p 4A U — <2^
•iiUi Jp> 4^^ ii UU4 Jl—^ <
t iOjjlJU djSjJj I^JlS* oUL^U-1 OJ J^2J 4Jlj^Jl Ioa ^ i
V• -^ ^i lj^
r ¥ )1 U / 1 ijji^
JwJt JA li^ V V^Vi IJu Jp xuJI liU trJ .
•
U.UI UipIjL ^iiy^ >l^y\ J J^JLIfVT i^uJ i^fUll
^ IJu Jp JbOil j^JI
ujUj^ot
i4l
Martin Hengclf Crucifixion in the Ancient World and the Folly of the :J^\^Messageofthe Cross, London: CMfand Philadelphia: Fortress, 1977 especially pp.
3311a,Maierf Jesus vonNazareth, pp. 221f.
’
/ ( Sifre Deuteronomy, 221 (ed. Finkelstein, p* 254 :L^ >;Ut Sanh 9:7<r>
Uliy •Jl] jErnst Bammel, ^Crucifixion as a Punishment in Palestine/
1
in idem^ The
:
. TrialofJesus, pp. 1 62-165
1/ cMi iib)/lj
J>«i^U <jbl <jl cciJLf 4l Jli U otuaplj i^uju ujj
fUp>lbp
u^ " cS^^J* v*^' J5^ Ji •'i4ckM»
..
^ .lL^ ,l>i J iUU^ ^JJlj
^ ^ sli^j
Saii
>^Jl -ill
1
^ L^ ^4ju^
.i^lii\
Uil J^UJI> ^i Ji «J ;^0 U^oiJ 4 U^ ip iiliJi i*u^liLj jjP 0UJaJl .v-Jt? ^P ijUw
l_j (^1 ju& ^JmP ajcJSs ^3 jlaJ !4jJb <«Ijlp| ^jLJI
•Xj>* I 4^Ji ^*l^lsL| jjljJil Jp A^Ju .^u^aII JLP ^jA
Lu tii /out j bii^ ^\ ^ iju, L^ 4(j,ui j Uu\j) u^u
^JL^ujJ i^JJl ^u» ^jjJI ^jjLJI Ijla loil, UU o^iuU ^Ij^l J^-U^l
^wuJl a->*j JjUj ^1 •:
jm? <> gt"- rjjs^uuur j)
Jl5lpl 1 1 4 :• I jj i Jp (JIM
(tSanhlO:ll;ySanh7:16/lfol 25c-d;yYev ij^kJLyiyW JHbSanh67a(”
oi a4 ^ ^ crs* *r^ ui ( 16: 1 /23, foL 15d
^y
Sll ‘( 1^!
^3 )^aiil J) aJ 1x> ^oll ^jJl J <ily
ULldUi ^(^ aJI xp y» JjS/l J) L-J ja jis> ^U-l
Xs> ^y) jUJ^ ji^ ^I^Jl(j ^ij <->1 Jji
l» ^ (O^Jl ^Ji 1^1 j^aill JuJ Km \ ^SAiS^
J^i\
^J1 0LI./1H Jp ij^ajJaJlI i3 011•> ^1 101JL)L
^1 (S^ cii <^J^) ®jLiJ jj-i
iiljl sj:Ul/s^^lJl^ c-jJ V I <ulJpj jiJ ^jjl ^j^SX
.(o^Jiiy
, y^ ^j}\j ^T j ^jUI UJ iki^-J aii c 1^1j
<ii l*^A iUf
*
^ J^UVl J .( J^^UI ) ^ij\ ^l>l ibljUl
Jjb• ^#) o:YYU^h— j ” u^Uj Y. :T' ••( ‘UU« Ji m U
•—
41S ^Mjji\ Js^-UVl^ JjlUiU jmj ^\ cc^Jl \S f\J^y\t LJj^i J^j^n
xv.y^^ji^< Sli w—>1 jw yd Ji w —: — ^ > [ —ii Ji#Vl JJ *^Jjj wL^ L <ip
fOVJ t)^ ^ijSUiUl ^jjilJloLli IJbf
XBdlA^Xiy
Vjlj i ‘‘y j I # *1 ^^
j*5U-I ^jA iy-U ji Jil ji L ^IJaiNl Jp {y ^ l Li>-
4dJU^ A^Jii 4jI Jl^^ 1j1 Ijj-J l^\j^ Jjljj
^ r \4jli
> c5 J WU W1 y*i d AjiJ
ly^» ^jJJa^ l cJjl^ XjP ‘iiU^ • JUdJl IJlft jJ
Lxju A^jaj ^jA ( jaJ L^- CmmJU Ijla cJiJLUl lij ^) 1 ^
i)\Sj ( JL^ 4^aJ O^aJL ^j^JU
•j ljv»^J ^Jl ^"4^d ^^*1 ^iAJi
• P Jl
,
oljJli coLtjjJl ^jAl
txoi-l OjjJl vUlai (i)^lj>j] ^jUl "" o^i
l iUilA^l ,1^1 jfi^ L# •tj'i/l JUu ol^LL* jy^ V ~~ 4>»—
J
JC^‘ <> Sblf
!>•V J 1 i^dJr^' I
iiU ^1 dUbut V .3^Jl JU Jp tiA ^11 4J^U^I
IJLa <*)I i<^LA>u <I^\p 4jjJ C} Ipji <mi
^aJI IJla
jl “?i^JLiJI ^ukJLSJI) (d>bJjUl 1^^ bu i ^ J^}\
JU- js\ xJiy ^ J^L^ dj$i l jSUj ^1^1 djii\ (jA 4ijP^
>} U ‘O^kJi ll f~rj>^^aijA JA j^la^Ji j V^*J^'
.Nn u-rA \Ai>J4^ -\r tru>i^«-^ ^ cri^iTr-\v TVju<'>
.( \ ^YV^ ) jjStj KjA W-^.(t>
AVA%\^y^.(. (/<^U5 vonNazareth^ pp. 23 1 f aij1« ^uJi j jbjb^ JUj“
[ t^1jU 3O
<
W.U <:::W_JU •JJ ^ Lei
GQnterStemberger# Einleitungin TalmudundM/drasch, Munich: :Ju\ «^u! ^Ui^U ^J*t AJ t UM JU4*j . # .Beck* ed” 199i, pp 199f
i^JjU J5*^ <i
d\S Jii iLLU
} (Jj^J jJl J^JL^>l JL^aJI <>i^J ^JLa (j j^Jl l iiiiid oj^P *U^*-
—f
t/Jl iJU-^Uiilil 1^ Jjl>-
N d — i>•• 'r^ <3^>
j puM )lJ oil 4— :UJ1 Jie
[>^t: (^ 0^ ^jj 5-tP liJjf 015 JiJ .JJJ
1 y I jfJU-l lujl • ^ J-^^Sf i>-Uu y^j Jb^j jl»
I
aL (J^-iJl Jp Ujj>-1
.dUJb
^3 fVT i^x5J ^jiJSb yt iU J.UI JlijboJU
^ S^U|
ul Sf Ujpj^ 4 U^^K»l UaOyy iJ iJ^Ul
^Ijl 1^ JUL. Vj 44jbl ^1 ad LJ^ ^ ^JiJU jt
4UjSfi iUj u>di j?- -j Oji ^p!^ J; .j^i !OIS* BJj ,Uif <]^U> 01 frl ^Up^JLJ 4JUl^)i <».uiJ Uij Lp (^JJt
lr?^
\r
J •jaJLJj ^ :: I 0Ul^Nl
<« ..1m50J <4Jl«xJl <^usJl:_,/a:_ olS' Li JL^ UIp ^jJL>wj ^a! 1 ^>
.VUjJl J^l olSj^ O^il
(V)
5j5b ^ 01f-Jl JS\
01 l^t J ^^llj <XoS^ 6*i^ ) ojl^sM 15^ .^3
J ‘ ( j i<r
•^ ^Jaj Uw)<iiij jil (”•p $1
j jl ! d 4jt^ ^\ dJuii JJ
4… jj^Sfu jq i^u^u ‘y^i * j <ju^i ‘ lp vui^
*Xmj e^LJl ji>S» %X>-S/I oljj 4 UaI—JJ <4-L^ (lj>^|-) i^JL^I <JL>- JL^ij
-Uj ljiX^A iJjUl d\ : I Ja UJ
:( i^Oi 4 jl^ 4 i Jiji jp 4 i
4 ^ g Ul J :UUUU jJp
To : ‘C)l^wpi# iui ) \ \ — \ joli^JiY 1 — MM • — A : t
• ( # VU# JJ IJU J a13 1;” T
•YUr\-H:Y*bSanh43a-b.
•
.n-unuynm :r j-
‘ (5U4 :[SU^SJl]
• i 11 )
^m# ^uj *[ Ua ji] [ ^uj ] ju c^uj 1^ [axs^j
J1y^ji\ l^Sf <JjmS\ (/U! La J^ail ] ^^jJl
]^^iJl JxS M
‘ |] ,(v : Yr >
)
[[•i
)[j^rJ^ -^ Ji- colj^Jil J ] oLiiJl J <lV ^JUy-
• (
A
: •> (
y
>[•Jl] J | (v:[SUiiJl] [^] Jli I)^1 lj^a>-l UJUP
:UUiiJl ] 'U^t .( ^») <J 1 ^UP) :C^y^jt
pU^I ^.) (^a/)^aiS iljJ ^ vi^ Jii ij^a <V ifXw,-^^
•t~ V ^Uo)| C)\ <UjAa31 ijj^i\ X^Ju JiaUI ] ( ^! \ {
?f oji •[oLiaJl] [^^] J15 ^Ul)Ij Ujlp
[ UiJl] <,UU .(YYi CJ>1 ) >JI(^) ^1 JJl^l
.( YT:( JitulU
^ - A .II Uj^i ^ ^lj-U iL ^ ^1<'>.(U^-N ^li>i
) ^4 ^J j^-Vl ^ i Y ^Jj•? >: >
\n
jJ I[oL^laJ1] jl] JlS ^L>1) y \j Ujllp
:[SL^iJl] _ :• •
[•
y^) ] JUjM IS 4^f JU»y*^ jJ
.(Yr:.
,CJ^il iS* Jl ci CJ^J ioljjJl C^bU ^IaD iSjKA oJnA
l ^ jl ‘a^L <Aja1j j^\ <4jJii 4jSLj bjljL l : <4j I o*jp15^
^!>• y 1 1 Z 1 ^5
JlAj3j ^ Ijb ^y^y> jki ^^jJL l^JUi Uli Y
V •V VrkJUJ LJI> Jp #
015 4j\ Jl>uij^>- J 4 0^ ^JJi ^ ^ i<SJ5>- f-ljJ (jiii
J aJLojJI JJ jsJLj l ^ .JbJlJLl JL^xll IJL^Jj jJLp l^l AjJI)
4juj| J 1^1 0% p
-a>ju%- Ois ^ISj^ 01^.Ji Ji. UUU- I j\(r)
4^ JJ4
I J1 Jl^jJl
^jU ^ oXP 4^ ^ (0)^ V \JCj\j l^wi O^SL- lJ^ 50
jj^/^iy l^ii x^j ^1 <JL#^)l y^ iaii jhc ^ ^«lwxi
.vijVi v yui oi ad ; • ^u (”
-^ruj jmJc iUU^ iMaier, /e5 5 vo/j Nazareth, pp^ 232f. t<T)^^ 0U1 : > - rv
:j, ) •jU^i r- ,>. Jjt \ji\S jiJJi^ j^U • iW•( L
|y^UUj i^j^U IaA^ KJ jM pAJ^t if^ llW JiJt U>-JJ
<4>mAvot2:8.yui ^jUi ^JJi i Klausner, Jesus ofNazareth, pp^ 29f. ji^ i
(#>
0 0 # '^ 4i>^ : ) UoJ1e jUl a glii
• ^ 0 •!^ *^U 4);J
\r
\ • i Y jja OjlS -dji <m#U SJIpL^ y^j
J aaAJia ja Ujp- ISII ISLL ^ Jyl ")
^ Lil Jp Ul^« <J I 5jIjj
,iLi ^1 ^1 " UjL^<r>c-osl ^1 J^iJU \S lij iVJUJ| ^p
<i ^ ] (^^LoajL^jJ Jj^u OU ISJj(t> ." ^
iJsS
y
Ui j>w» J [ > iiUl
‘ ’ I M ]
r
-TT M JJ LiJ bA 0 ^JJ
J ‘W —JUi pi ‘ J i^^UJl Jp iUrVl Y#• _ , • •” t“
(jps>#•J yUip • ‘t t> — I iJl…
.Tt \\ ^jAktV.Xyf (\TT j^jW) y^ijyy\rv
^ ^\ZA ‘V SL^jsJI V.
cP (^ lt^ lt^ ^
y
^ 4^ (A^l
•jjiijq
fi^Sm1 • )/ 1 ^^^ ^ySn
y djShj ^ 4<4lapl
d^ J frc5 4
Ijjl —_U»e OjiuAJ
i(t0 dikaio ) ^Ji^ 4,f^ u ^LjJ ^3J^ 1 H:TV^d U»y ')
.* jt - dikaiosJ^L^ ^KJl / ^
^
fju 5i
] V:Tt•
JU ^ j ( # y A5U-1 USJ\ ^JjMdf iijoJl tjku jS\ J^UJll ^AJ• .[^v\uu^Ju
lift A^j J .(^
I*J •( i 4mi A^jJU > cil
d
1
4^Uil\ I^jS/ JiS* jl— 4 jl^ll ^J j ^J;
Ji 4U,Ul SpI^I J ^1 c(Y*MUL
^P ^ j^al\ IJjfcj .jUjS/l
*• ^W u^J^'
ij^u•jVi Jpj •
UrjUiUiil i;l )<i
d ” • JliSJl
(^1 dUj cJlJ Vj L%*ll jl
tNjt *®\/!r ^ii^UAUi (4^1 ^S j^\ ^ (Jjj »Ip^U U Ul
° Ij^ 1j V <il t5 sj 1 cS cr^ ' J 1 d ck j^*i
UU( ^v ) jjt cjl:J [v^Jl] JU " Y: Y jrji\ viUJu JU ij iiUJLl vW-401 d ^*Ji JUju UXP (JbJiJ^I JL^aJI (J • j ^
jJl
SjLiJ- !«w^Ll i^yjl oJI o u^4J 44>lc>«^ jUI
^‘ ^ <3 } V : Y JJ ll JJ
1 ^ •(” Vc^ ja <L»y^ aj! ^i>\j) oJ i ^"
‘
r*^ <J A^llijl{j^ (J ^o^Ji Kj^^i 4^» I
j^hI3 Uw» 1j ^ jl ^1 ^ Jp f'^*1 cr
4
Cjsj ja 0151 aS)I^ J ,V^ja)"
5 J wl <LlA4 Jbuj ‘O «1
Ijdl I l$ jdl w dUL# lju (0\(olj^Vl
Jl ‘Ijjp^iy1
Ul•l cJP :V : Y
^1 V:Y^• Q *^^• ii^S^LLl 3jij ^aj 4<a) ^y\S
CO
(5«Ul 4j*-pjjl JJ OjLiJ I*La u)t ^^\ji\ ^jAJ .^jbl J^j 4jl J^2J tUU
] ^III :UJjM J-i y»j ^1 y> L tJJjj 4^ ^p U 1^
.JbuUj^oin^^iY^-^AiTAju*^•— 1• :nsy
—
j ' :rw— j jy"•j au *v:
. ,>• u^ 4 apo tou xylouiv^V0
•0 : “1 0 *: jj
M*
J 51 ^ f J?
pll Jj — <^i
>U l^i i» J^^lJ •>-!
jJpj^jjS ^JUiSj Ul
^JxiLi aaJ^2j
• :a y jL^i khu-^. : Ni
•a: ;j>
• td^ Ujjyuy^
jli Jjl J1 J w
^ajuu a>JlI i.judi 3^
SjUl jJS^\ d\ ^JJ ii^1 slj^l J UjJi —4:11y - 111
j\ A-Jljjdl (MUz>-) itJall-lJ1 ^L-^1 .(^f) ^l^ldi jt Vb>J' (^U^) ^ J1
<muJ ^Jj (^JJl 4JbJbL-| ^J»pSM 4^*^ d JJLil^
] ^loiVl Ji ^531 J^JU ^ S^ bV " Jj -/i^Ijl^ jjb \^ 015 illi i^i ^T
fJb JJ [ JSLU J ^loiVl ^Ji
4,>wJb <JaiMJU j }AjJl ^LnOaJI JL1P a (U^Sfl <C!^J ^ iliJl _:• JlU
4 6ii J 4 — j VI glP'J
— j : ^ V 1 £5: <>• J ^ J
*^iJJ A j^b aj\ c^aj(J
1^ LmJiI Ail <pLjIj
A \r Y k^4l 6Uj^l>^vv0 JjSi
,H:TU»
UT
(A)
caJ^ Jaj (J ^li JiSi (JujULI jl^aU Uij
U^J xp ) -C.LS Ai ^0^ U^1 J^uSfl v .JL.^J^
j
L-J^ll I 4j!d: Lr 1 J>J^ Jj t0)(itL-i
{ms^J iijlrfJ^— • m CT^4 ) y ^J *
til ^ —4ja
^V( Oiu t>- 4illu Jr^Udl \jjy kJyu t ^Jl J^t
All^ ASJ I U—^J ^j J^ • 1 Jp I
lfS*J ( ' •) ^ iUw 4i>-tj
J»-Aj ¢4jllJlA Jli IJl( ^ )
pr ^ 'M tjlku ^aj J1 uj^aiwlj \ji\S
JJJ>j wir^7 U»jk^il ) . *1 J1 J^i “ ^ J- :”: …• •
•<• •IfJ) ”uji^0 uiiW^ j jJUtA ^ 0 j^ (”
?(UT ^ul
.ul^U<r>
Jh I
(' Wl UIk>^p USU y pVJI J1 -jl gill IJla
a4f ^ J^d iS^ tjUli J LJ)/t jA aSj^ aUcl ^Sju
#^Jl JU^n:» 40 lj>*S/l ^ ^ f^y^i ^jAj i(\TlW jL!b jA^)
y d oJLt^x) yiJl i^5^Ui {^y^j 4il>w%-»
J i^UTM t pL-Nl JA <^i ^ ^jAJ JA J[ ^\
#JL^JI ^L
,
)
iiJL. i^J J.UI UW S^
<J Aj^I jt\ l^l ^1 (JbJlJL-l JL^-mJI ^JLaJ Ul ci (J-flyflJl
(J <jw«Ij Aj^IpI oJLajv« aAjj f^S t«l .
i
311A 4jIaPj JJ 9 <JJ3*
j>A iB^thBTjllJl \^Jj>^j (JjNl^ l k-Jji^\ ^Uj! ^JLaJI jj^J^
Jlj (l^jS j ^…^i) ^Jl1 JW‘‘jJU^ Lit b ^| y •jli} JiJI |»5 1311 ^£11
>4 |—‘- Ksap nni Kxnp ij jl uj _ uj I> ji
^P O^ 1 (J a] S«• M
^l i^Uj^1 J>l^>ll^ ^ .Ujj J olLLJU Jc^\j il^y\ Ia
Ol^^Jl J>SS ci l^^fl IJLa JiS^j OjJLaImj
._ 1
Isrdd J. i^li>t “: :^IaII U^j ^jamW y I J J ' _ i^ljW
Yuval,u Two Nations in Your Womb": Perceptions ofJews and Christians, Tel
Aviv:Am Oved, 2000, pp^ 65-7 1 (in Hebrew)
• V A
> I J j l ‘ Lf
:<S\^1 a^\j>cum\ Jjjj -u)l t iijjj Ujup iOjjru^
<>^ 1 d <yj [ 9 «>
\ju Uxp i 4 p Lc»jp J^ji Uj Jl A^o ^
cr^LUpj (JiJS
j$Jj (I .o\jji^ Jp y»lp ^ iJbh
6JU^I Jp JJ^ J5UI ^‘i^ ^}‘ J aidl
. # yJ yj JS^» jjU t(. 2, 409f. >
*^UUL1 V^I^ Ujj^ W>1 ^ ^ai JmJU j>^>u^ Ob^l.oUUU-1 JJ ^^\A\ i^ au
b ) ^Ua- dLbiJ, ^
•oui^um45^ Jj A^sui ^ ja^\j^\ Ji, ajyJli
JJ / ^ ^ yTi; ljSfW #1
—
jj# AW (ruyi
^ Uj>^ J,U» ,Ujbu<'>" .i^l>J,l
^ (S-X^ J J^pI aJI ^iJl i^ji^is:>• fejl JUlP ‘ “i ‘ ;d 1^
I J jnfU : <J j jS/l j\ja>C^\ Jjjff ja £/-t
j
!^1[^]^1
Li> liUj [ jL-
.(U^*) Uxi^ Jp Ij^liu^ ^Jj iOjj^ (i^oJl) ^UUa.^ [: ]
Jp ; ‘[jSM Jp] #UM ilb j "^Uj —Ail
(S^i Cj^^ 4^° • ' <y Ir* ^ U^iL4 jL^ :^y^»
• ^ J Jp
?[^1 jlUJt J] sib^iP^ U [ ^^jl]
Uji ^ f > :^iJ AJ [
]
.' 1 jl>wJl C ^iJ c3 4<^
:<JLj jS(l J^I Ji U A0jJ
i fUl^;^J Uijt
\tA
1cM 1 :[ 4]
011, iiuj [
d U :[# ]
*(vrr
:
[
Li^jt ]
.^JaII JsLJU [i^UL]
^UaiL|\(•“
^
)
Ul^ *tj [ ^j\Zj\ ]
^^ > w 0)( c/V> ) JsM
^UI ^JUSd^\^cji ^U-jLj
:[cM 1 <>• 5^/^]/
jly^)fl ^Op Jj ^ ^cMLr^l (>• stla^t/^^j]
(Y)![-UJl] Ji^ ^jtS* J^i
?j^Up U :
[
^Lijl]
• ^15uW 1 •…[ Js1
1 ”1 — IA:T ^<Li OjU(
j 4^ oJb-iJt H
[: 1 Oi3 1 /^*d]
jljJU «^SL*u j>9^j ^ja i J15 jjull jV
(' ^ cMWa4 us5^' uy.3^ J^h
Jii
! (3^>4
j
4^yJli \ »/t^% jl^ cjbj )/ •<JNS I
5 Uf 1
• U ^ dJJl ‘ j\ijjL <^2i\ txi
iJLJl Jl 51^1 u-j ^ mi^ UL^Ij) v»j^' Ji
JUipI Up 015 lij l. pu ^iJI c^-l ^1 ALut J^Ulj .(V^>
(C)j <iJL>f L^XlU¢1
A^mAj \^J (4j^
jUi>w^l y Ua jli (r)• ^Jl a; viUi y
^»4>i5UaJ Jp Jj.^t>JJ j iJ IjjSfl
jJJ UJ^ ^«Sll yU)l ..h.W ;<aJL)1
otla>» ojLp <1^ (J 4«iUS ^ c4jV clJbf- 0j^L ilj^JL*
jJa-JI jlUJI iJ^Jl ! -(J^l^l
Jp j*^iU« p >1 [ > 1 f^r ]
• OUjVl cAP^i&il ^jJl ^ykMj v i:
’ ’
jt fuu •
: ' t • jis^un^^ ^j\^j \r • 5^1kjuR j• -r*^! f
• Jr*••jJ H
Peter Schafer, DerBarKokhba- :Jju\ ^>.1 ^ ^JxJLiJl xliJl
Au/stand Studien zum zweiten jildischen Krieg gegen Rom, TObingen: J.C.B.
Mohr(Paul Siebeck), 1981, pp. 242-244.
ly 1j^^ ^ (t)j3^1 •( ^
^
^jJl ftt-iJLl J ^i| ^ \^ i U\^cp^u iati^ ^j).^uJi jiuii j jU v ^jji ^ji ^ikM
‘hb ‘ > — jJl
’
>1 UI^;
°^c i>^ f^ J ^Ul oy-I^Jl iuui
^ bu i J < Y >.^UJI ^UJl J ^ai <1^ ^ULJ t^w l JJ ^^JLt s>L|
W iS^i su-u jLai jlji j.u j jxi,^^ ,a,gi cp
Ua ftU-lil 4>1 j ijl^il hi^yi] Q^laJ •(^lajff j -•- JJ
cr3" J ^^) J,Ulj •LjJJ aJjl^j jl ^JJI tJlj-Jl
,>• C^yUaill i ^Jull ^ J o^lkLl ^— ii5i > j• s
_ |‘J J1 ‘) J ^4^ >i<ih>A\ ^I^AI JU^ [j ul flail ^ij\ 4j ui^Ljci
^ ^(OUj^JIj O^^l) ^U)| JSLMj JjVl JSLM^ ^ ^Sk \^j{r\n
JUrVl c5JU Jp l^j ,UJL4f^p
4 cMlr-i Cr4 C <y uylksM "JJ ^JUl) ^UL
j-jil 6 —_—
r^1‘W
d :
J—il^ Wl JS^AIu>'W ]4f>4r^ J Ojjly-I• iWV H j vi
>1 »: •tf<”
•UiT^idu^-TwiXUlo^^”•a* i \r Ui^j^ 1
• :TT
^ ^1 \^l\ J J Oj^yry j^4^^ slUS ^ .^jVl Jp J5!)UI
f1^1 Ij^laJ
1,^-lp o^ cA djSj
9
4Ipl Jp lij U iiL 4JLi ^iJl JUJl I u« ^y^ri
0!Jp SU-I Xi Jp ^ U 5j4i^ JJ
JJJLa d j ‘OjjjJ <iL^» (^Ul
YUj 4 yuisv *
5>waJl^ oJUj — (iui 0J4 4ULmibu ‘ >) JUJl —*i
^1 iSi iuu luju ^ fuL 1! .4^\ L^k*,^
— V ] (V :YT <^\ jkJ) l\jyi\ ^ja ^ * :—
frlopt Jl ^uwV**J Ui^j^' J1 J? <il -C-^ ^
lla ‘
01 ipl^” V Sll Ij —4 ^ *T^ -cM Ir^i
^Jt ipl^ ^ ^{V* ^ t(V- i XT 4-^1 ) oljjlJl
jJ-L jl j^S/ cxbU vl^jJl apU^ J j>-1 i^iUJl J-A-l J
U^ tlljU , ^T^il • xp j *>LUj
Ul^J l 4^^Jl ^ti -iiAuU^
Ijl J ^ Ij^u
lj^L.1^ [ j^-ju - dl^I a5 dl<3l ^^ oJJl dl^i 0^1 dij
^ ^ fUU iTT-YY ^juJI ^ oyJ .JJl^l cA)^
J^ rUU 4dUi
fU dUsU^P jj 4JVU0 wit ^ JJl^l
o^i 4i>wJJ lj cdU^^.JJl^l^ J J^L JuuJ
4 d y J 1 Jji? ^J1 ‘i^Vl s^, <-4>*
djl > J»^i4 ciUail j fUl^ O^i1 ^L* Uj^j
>> Uj:^; uv 01(”
X ni^}\
j*-ri ^ Cr4 -J^W C/^i
o^J Jf3^ <il ^ dj>^t ^iJI dj^ji\
^1 j •I^Up tJU»I <3 Jl ‘
n
A^p - PL^ ^tt L>j JI 5jLi} ^ W " A^ ^^SUai*l/ ^ ‘La • • [ <0)1 ] <^P Jj 4 <^P
jt-^i i,Si^ ^ ~ jly-it Ju I a ijJ ^ cMlr^l cr4
.^l^J >iU>^^UlJ ^U
^ aJS/) J^JUj sJt^j i(S^^)\ jsjtJ' ^U-jt ^iJI [a
( lyM#J jl^ «—>liJl ^ju
S
f Ij3l
>1j Uj Jl iJUtj JOI J^! JLiJ ^J^i\ oVULl w -k^^l^ ^JaJ,
^ Jj • <3ji J AJlij -Uj<3 t N ‘4^jJ ^^ J Jp
oJUj»» ^Uapi *3!^ 4<CU^^1 ^^Q^zil JlcJI ^ja
Ul .bL-^Jl 4^1 cil u^ ~ b^j iji^. jUJl > o^Uj
C>t … 'if pj^J)J-51 y^\ ^ ijlil <«uJaj (^IaL it la>>
J5U» J O^ip p ISU i(^Ji Jl cJ>ij cJLii Sulil ot aaj^j j>caj
JeW jLu ^ 1^ (> JV^I^ ?^1 ^>di
l!jJl i^jLf Jp ‘SljjJl —
4
aJ^Lp ^JJlj ^Jju
^JJI i>-lj
4
r k^ JS U ] ( r - Y xuJl ^ ol^ULJl
• l l JSli ^5US JJ — 1 C)jfi^Ji ^^Aja oLj ^jj>
, [•(*jr> - 4 1 ^ J^e i
tH U^Lci ] (Y > ^^
^ iJt j^uJ •[ JU _ jjJJ IjKlj
^4-1 \JA Jp J^lj-1 c5^ f5^L^ V-^ 1
\ r
> i cM 1 t/i 0^ ” 4 ]
(
' ^ ^)
Aj\ifi> O^i t[ SpU^ ^P <JjJli\ cJL> (j 1 d
• Jill gjlil Js Jl j ] ^5^/1 jlUl j ^Lil
i^ijir ^ ij'yJ' ,>• V ^i3 t^UUJI cpj jaj Vj
• yUaiU / jIaiII U^l;
•• " Jjl* (J OyJJl j J "U-r^
^jt^ll ^1 J| iaii^ J^ "jjLil/ .I^IS iKill o-l^
—
w
w >gi
4a«UL| ji^ ) ( yij obuu ) JLmJL-I UmO (^La y ) jvt^ll ^jjJl l)Lj
_( Y:Y
t U*A :^Ujl "T —|j jlj Jf I ;Ij <JU
.Jill JljJl J [-r^Jjl 0^3v5^ ^lc^' f^^ (^jJU) J>^i JA
JJ ? ( ^ <c^J : li pi
^is*] m»j gjji ji ja ijjb) i\^ \(^uy)
• ( ) h
>• b^^' ^IfUJl ^1 J1 —
^
VwaJl 4j5U J^widl liA
V <L• y Jp I 0 Jl ^Lx»Zaj gl^Jl djii\ Jjljt
l\jyi\ jJU ( J> ^ ) J.U. i^LjJl sl^l ^JU i^t Jp a^>- ^JlJ lyMl
‘… : …* J>» cJjSlI jy^Ju l^w ,ijy^l\
j^uJl 4 ( ^ Y^ t jLm ) SjjitJ cJjjtiJ V <lj jJLp jJp 0 t
• T^1
• 4 jJl g^ 6V
JjI^j
|| j p —Sh ji) jjp f
Up>i i^jp j lc^M c
ij^Jl U^i\ jj^i; Jjjt*^ tSfjt iiUiJ \Sa J}J^u
Jo^W ‘U ‘(r)
( W Jp ( “ V)”
/ 1
j^ts\ \jj/i\ tUj ^jt .(^4-i J1 <^^jd 3
ill J-Aij^y l^t Jp ^t®X/^widl Ua
a).^l tiiJ^^ oUUU-t
y j uu ,
\jkA dj^j t jj^idl liA ^ ja asIjJI J
V^UI OjijjJ^ ^djl^ “— g ^Uill Uj J)l\i
X oUULl ) .^1 Jl JUi •«'>
,v T “ ”f-u^u/^}\ j>^\ ^ i^Ji (
• ^j^m
) 4fjUiuy \ ^\jf\
ac^u
) ^jij!<
( ul ^UJuij ^t// l ^JiSi ol
JUj" ) AAJ\ J ( u i^Jo^
SjjkJl di^ ^AJ t liA JjUI I
^U jV U^JUu^dl
JiLSiL .l^UJ
i^jU >« j^l A3Jaj I ttijSJ l|SlS ijSJl
UUJe• ¥ 1
^ f-fc^ ) <i (*-1^ J J}i (^j^ (^J^* (>• J
U t jj •( IJ J— OjjS^ilcP
c)^>- ^4 l^JUi ^jUI
ill ^jJl uLli Ua^»jl]l UJb^-l L* lij (kIUS l
,
- ^ ^IkLl " 6^i ^UJI J tiJb^il o^lkM c
J c/^*^ ^ l^\j W ^ " ^i\
^ ^LJI ifjrS\ JsLJl )J^l^J fUL w«Up
C«Jjlcrs^V ^ ^ 1 ,
JJ <^2Ji jk- bwl i .( Jesus von Nazareth^ p. 98 ) ^aUp
wl oj^ .( /e5^5 koo Nazareth^ p. 98 ) ^ju
jl ^*Uj) iii j jji \jj^JUj <2J» 1^1 L#t t(^j>-jJl
JAJ\ ^ l^j .(fUL)rNl .Utj JJ 1^1^ uyU*aL|
s>* crJ^ ^ ^ L^I j\ \j>y^ js\ Ow^aJl Jp
iviJUJl JaaJI> f^y^i <5^ <J ^1
«j J»- U?-V ^U- ^iJl JiUl j^il }j jU >Um#U
.(Jl^l JP 4jUl Jj Jxil^1 J^Ut J^1)J^bU
J4 ^ ^viUi ¢4
•(^ULj -Ujb iJU- J \^ liULfe lST Ai\ ^\Ji\ <jLiiJ
^ja (^oUul-l jA ^IaL \ «Xm i::_,dj ^ y§ UaJII L#
ly^l\ 5U.I
^1 d\s ISI
\ b U^ .^Ul^1 JsUl J ^>Llj L^l-I o,yJl Jp Jjl^l
V ^ <J <Si>^ Ja^l^Jl
^2J^' ®bj^' ^IJ^wiI ^kuJ V liiS/j t(crJaJ <JU- ^ ^) |*«jjilJ ^-LL*
ts>- ^ ^(fuL;^u j i^) j,ui j i?jjUii j>jji
OUj xl S^Lm ii^p UL cJlJ <jl — <J
Uxa J^aJI J tj^jjai\^ 4-iUJ ^ytk\
.
rUJl J^u JJ ^Jbj o^Ljj^iiLl
:v:>
h\jj\ i jlji J^ij u^ji j; i^s\fuyi
^ tAjwyaJl ojl^LJI ^Jp SaLcII <m^Ia1I j^JLJl
L* t)I jlSxaJ cji (<pLji kiUJl^j) a^JjCj j\jJI jj
UM iJjl —Sfl J! »J“w ‘ii2i 14
,L ^ {J^>Cj o*ll jUil U i Ij^l j»4A »J^j
J iiUM iJJUil JLa J1 jruU W ^U,UI Ui^i l cxSlJU ^^1diL^iJ jJ^\j Uaj! ^ia>- t)l c^iUS ^-4 c^jlj
4 di K^VI Jp/ jJUl iJl ‘( ^U l>U U.t-)
Cflr5 f>^ (*^ ^ ^ f^J <-r^ t* j^r^' Cr
4^<m1J| I-Xa 5jA jied U .(uUjt S^Lpj Ajt ^Jp ojl^iaJl
•Ic^l ‘4 d 4>W 1 d .I) 1
f^ 1^ ,
:f^ 1
fi J5 JI i J1
W 5…> f^ 1 > Js5
i
^ jsi^ fut ?apuI jp ^jji
wjs^r y. Uj 01^1
fuwi
' pUIaJI •] c)U ( 4<0J <4 — A^Ju
laj^S tA^jU 6i -U>j 4jAl Ujpj ^w >! iOjKL ^ ( V\)
•Xajj jb^! j*j (YV) jPi I«1a • \jiS IjJb^ • Jl!j coJL«^\l} oliaplj
^JJl^ yb IJLaV < YA) .^Jur ^ \y \ "^li UOapt^1 ^JUC
< Y> UlkU>i^ J>-1^ ^JJI (xjO-I) Ji^
<j j *L^ vl*yg^j jaSa (Jji^ 4JL»Ul vUijJ Li
d p C4 J5U J y Jj U)l (J
lc^ f^i -^-4 ^l^'j y^ cJlJ
1 •'^ J+JLu«4) ^Ikj'i/I ^^J»Lp! j}
<iJb ^ J^)/l ^3 ja(
^I(r).^t/Jl \^ djLL V jjiJl
•^t c« <-UIuj Ulw ^jJl ( L^i \ • ^U
> ^5^ d iL^il
IJU ( • ) • I^Uj J ,>iMjiS\ ( H) .5U.I^^ Ulw
(1 A)
ut ( \ )«jaj Vj 0 t»^«JJ (j-* Jj^Jl y^\ y^
J^lr^)^ ^ tU - (^1 l>^pt) f^UI
jl
-
l
• ^^ I jp i^tf u giiu iNnif ^ t uif
•Yn y: y ;a
Ignati letter to the conmunity ofSmyrna 7: 1 CGa/^K C%/7i^8/iA e/s; voL 1 ,
trans* and ed. by Cyril (C. Richardson! Philadelphia: Westminster, 1953, p. 1 14 •
:Ji\j Justinf ApoL 1:66
•oa- tA:
^ ( Y)
J :^ JUi)”?( i ) « L^ c**»«J 1 i
fj^' J 4ii^' SM-' <^ ty
oJL_
".JbNl J1
^Ll JJift J5l^UJ . t^Uj
i^J-l JjU^ oIjUJlI jt J5 Ujjj Ua
I j^P iUU ^ (jLjJl 4jl ^<pLj! /-« <^JUa* t Pj^ *-lpd^ll IJla Ja
?^3U
—1 J *^ (il 3i^ ‘ •j?‘s#lJul Jlt
| d -sW
o^J>jJ |»Jj l 4<iJUo)l JJ ^a ^JJl IJLa}
^LJl olJUdl <Jp jt ilj^l a^I|S ^iJl ja Jf?^l
jyJci\ IjljJl :[ o^Jjb \y^ym I Jju tApUl jfi,
iJU- Uj J(j)mJ 4lilj ,U <^UmJIj (Ll- iityd<Ajyr I^jJ
•cr s f^
^(J^ 1
C/* ^j^j^i A>waJlI\ Utiy l ^J>\ji\ .^w J (
n
5y^^• s 1 1 (> WliJ I
IdJ JMcM 1 #‘ d y tildfc
4a^j oij ilu .‘ito — 1 JJ J-^^Yuvalf Two Nations in YourWomb% p.l\^^ju;^ us^ji
—
^m
()
4^UI ^ \jkjJj C?5La
—ljJLi 4 ; /»y, t« LHp m oJbJLP oljJL^^ 4 Ll^> IjUal* uLl^J
CaiS1
y Vi lT^J 4 <>^
^ l^lj .OUU-UM^ ^Jl <4^1 ^1 J^15 J 0>,4 l^J
oVU- (Jj ^ oJi> U ajUD Ij^U if\ ja ijUS
caJL>»j ^ ii^p N ^Ua»«JJ «xAI O^i oJj^xp
j d jUi^l stj —^ * (Jjjw» ) ^1—ii5 liaii u
^ «iLiJ OV !^ l ^iU*^^ dltj Uiit
jSUj g^bJly ^JUj Uji iJUJl 0IS ^y> UJ• g uiiJS
•^MiUil (J jj \^aS%ij
c)i JA ilj-U ^1 luJaLli JS* JJj Nj\
tl4 N 4>jll
V^r^' iiSUJl iy^*i L l^-p^ ^lj Iji^ jl 4 yU oUU-U-
j^iJU aJJ jj aij — ix2i aJJ li^5 -W^JU>w j^a-uiill ^tglaJ (•-» ^1 (3rr^ U tSJ— |JL>- Ulp
Iaj^a oliUw»j ^IjPc5iA iS-SJ-l oSl tiJijtJI l4 S
g2>- jp
V 4 J^S A{jIa4 i Jp l Jjl>-f Ijl^j , 4> ,¢1 pLJI jl <a2Ui9
liai-1 Jlj^Jl Ai[ 4 ( iuJl c^tJLi lij IJla) j^i\ ^JUS l jSUj‘ t V kaJ# #JiJ V U ^ .IkL W
ji\j O^ijl ¢4 ^/i\j ilj>^A\j ^ aJCj\j Iaj^a
d *^^•• |Ijj
}
( i^ikitj ) ^^21
<ihii oU-jjj ii\ jjj tAiS1
jlJiSJL^Ji
} 1 j —Vl JJj… ^^^ d ^$-
•M* j^Ux^i* UjJjuj A^l>-U-i^j-^aJl iJiLIjJI S^UJ
^Jl oVjUfcil J|<iL^| ( viUS Jlt» j^U* j^\y ) ^
dt Ua y ^Ul y J2 N
tjiU Uj4 La jju ) Jl>- iL JJ jji V Jj 4U i«J V 01iU-U*!
^\*Xm Ljts t u^jUil ^ tS^ ^ ~ ( U^kj j^Jti\ jL» jU jt ^S\S
^fidJ >-^ jbjjUUi 4dUi jjp 5j^U
r 4ck^ ^^ OL^Jj TJ ^\X\ ^Ullj xoi-l
^1 • “w J • W ^> 1 Jj<>
. JesustheMagictan% p. 49 t^Up Vit* Ju\ \l^\>-{^\
( u^y \j ) juojui j^i ^ j j^i»
t" V11
JSli^ ^iy ‘0^ lf
44^] •JL>- d^^ <«JiJi^ ^{‘Uy ‘U> l UUi v1^jl>-
< 1i^ (3 ( i<^»ULl c2j^k> |j LI 5jIjj ^Ip}«JjUiU
4-L^L>-UM 5j^^Jt ^ ijvS>»LJl |Jaj* U^jI JJ JLij .^jviJtim.il ^ Uli
u tjljd ,1oUU-U-i
!^u-U-i jp jJa^ 4ii^\ !
yt# k jJlj JJ^jtJl ijjUil Jla
Ja^i C j : • i-ai Ojj# ) UL» UIa
^KaAjSS SJjJlIj i^UU "vi^JL^ Li
"j^A^wi
J.iljj
•—_:1 UUaJlj J—•iiLci\ UUM l^J J U^ \1a
cr^ ~ u^ijr^J o^JJ^ *r cr^' L^iijl j
^1 iS^ j-^-a!'j J?
j apLsIj 4<iL>- iiLcll ojIaII
jA j^jJUui
t ^Ik^t 1^ 4J \ZJ^\ viVl^J^
Arnold Gotdbergf
uSchCpfung und Geschichte. Der :^1 v^UU ^UU-l f
^fill
Midrasch von den Dingent die vorder Welt erschafTen wurden, Judaica2^ 1968,
pp. 27-44 (reprinted in idem^ Mystik und Theologie dcs rabbinischen Judentums^
6fe$a/nme//e /, ed. Mai% te ScMQter and Pe^ 1 74 Notes to Chapter 9 ter
Schfifer, TObingen: Mohr Siebeck, I997t pp. 148-161); Peter Schafer,wZur
GeschichtsaufTassung des rabbinischen Judentums/1
757 6, 1975, pp. 167-188
(reprinted in idem, Studien zur Geschichte und Theologie des Rabbinischen
Judentums, Leiden: Brill, 1978f pp- 23-44; cf- in the introduction, pp. 13-15f my
discussion with Herr); Moshe D. Herr^uTefisat ha-historyah elzel Ha2al/f
in
Proceedings ofthe Sixth World Congress ofJewish 5/^/^ voL 3, Jerusalem:
World Union of Jewish Studies, 1977, pp. 129-142; Isaiah Gafhi t ^Concepts ofPeriodization and Causality in Talmudic Literature/
9
Jewish History 10, 1996, pp.
29-32; idem, “Rabbinic Historiography and Representations of the Past/’ in
Camondge Companion to Rabbinic Litemture^ ed. Charlotte Fonrobert and Martin
JafTee (forthcoming)
^ giiJ e - I
^iljJ^dbjUUlyic/iflsM ^i AA fj 4^U-U-Icr ^o2JU i\lA JA jJl biJb!
I ^ N ^ ‘ 1 JlfiJl
l^S\ iislkU ilu ^jj>y oUUUM Ujj^J j 4 j^Ull J^
4^11
‘ J \ oli^UJl J JaJUu)l cJS\ iiJuj
J iaJidl .i^UlU ^^waiJl ^a ^ p Jp j^s j^Vl iLaJl
4V-r^' ^ ^-Ut^ ^d ^lu ^
j
JJ^ !>L L^JLl oUt>UJl
;^^ —^• ifwU i i^Ua^
<^Mji\ X b^. ^ ^LL jt l^tu- <wl a>-lj irjj^i cJlS" l*t S/
)
V ] ( jjj^U ) Ji J^o, Vj "
:
JUI^1 Jp olj^iJl J UjJl Lpjli\
^ ^jj • sJj^j Vj 1: ^ U^3 jL,0 Jj L> V| ^UKII «Ju
JL>1I Ioa ^ ObMlr^i C^ ^^fcJl
J [ ^ 11 - >W— iJ^Jl cJ :^^Ai\ djJji\j dj^j^i\j dj^\ aJ iijiLi c(r Yr vdl
^ J>^ <^\j}\ <4lj(t) ^il Jjl^l Ull^ JA Xm.Z^A
ylonia:BetweenPersia 4,oJL| 4,15 ^ ^jlju^ ijj,^] ^UH J^aiJl :( huA^ iulk» JJ ) .andRoman Palestine
‘ ~ vk^^ j j^u 4 ui ] dwi 4[
uw uuuy wUJ!d
…
[ y n ]
>14 uSf … UJI ^JI J5• j lotfaaj• T‘^ji^ J^Ij lJU U^Opm Yev 4:13; Sifre Deuteronomy, 248 (ed. :^;l ^UU- Li-w
jYev49a-b
2 ueuieronomy, Z48 (cd. : ^ii dFinkelstcin, pp. 276f.); y Yev 4:15/1-5, fol. 6b-6c
4ldU J ^ jtUjo^11 i^ip- J Vbj^ 1
U^Ji i\ja\ ^rUii ^ b " :W~^J 5lr*' uh ^
yjl yib «!>»J ol^ ^rUll J>-^»il>^
ft^^ a, V 015 cJbjdl ^JLU
fjU Jja Jt^ ,liSUJ<'>.(T Y:YY
^ Up jJa^ \^J ^S Si^i ^ ^j^iiJl jXi Nj
4<Jlp Jw» Ol^j v( t)UjSll o^Lp ) ollJLil
.cJjUJl J1 W v*3 f^ Cr
4 J^4f w 0 J uu ‘# A
j^Sl »1jJ^ jJj ^ C)l> cJbjU^i JI^aII a^jLLI LmoaII
^ l^^SUJ jui J^JiJ^I J^a3I • jb o*^ y ^jJL>ull
l^jlj Sy- 4^lJ» JbJLi ii^iUll c^ii ^^JbJl ji2 ("^Ja>.
n
/ ^jj
gSf ISJ —aJI ij “ y d > gJJ
^
W‘f
• j 3 J J 1) Jl …V y Aj J^ iy ^JJ cr^ (JeW J1
y jUtSf tt 0 5 1 Jp Vbj 4 d
• 4 l \j^\ l^L JpU^ crr^
I frljJLp ^jA jV^JU ^«JLI IJLa
JUtiV* •( v^» vM ci ) JOU jJIjj^i^i\ jA^)i)\^J\jM\j ijUift •Ijip Cftj^^ li j/*14 V-^JJ il|AJ!-Ui <i^X\ J Jarj l^i^U# ij^
J
ijkit to OJIS ISli ]n - TTTTO^lUJl l!V (jJalf •([^ i^^*l{ fjtj <jjJl1 «lllJ wb
/ hjUt #l>ip^ ujjl ^Sjjt^—Oj^jdMaier, ^ /?^2»/1?//( pp. 264-267 Ji j^xi *1^ yjmjj\(1)
ijkS\ ^ w ^ ^Si\j ujju, ^1 uu ^cr*y^jM L^iVl ‘“ Jl dli ‘*JjVl
) panthctos^jj^l JJ(" "
) parthenos
^1 ^4^^ dUS^ <VJ<T)U^J -i iij^ S>U UjSl
Wj^A* ^ ("f^UII CIL-
m
)porneia Uj^^ y ^
:•* a • “l 0 parthenos
U ii^Lai U J : ^ jlklb j .pantheros
j! A*-JiU e-^Sfl 4j^J1 J Oj ^U-U- %J jA
C ^l^rjn
) Jt.<0>4l^ ^liSVl U^JJ Ji>^
L^SUil S.lyiJl y, .l-lu J j^Vl .^1 ^>.r vJ5 ")
bid., p.267F. Nitzsch*
4iUeber einc Reibe talmudischer und patristischer Tfiuschungetv (T>
welche sich an den miBverstandenen Spottnamcn Bcn-Pandim gcknOpftf
M
" J1 ^ . Theologische Studien undKritiken 13, 1840, pp. 115-120• 5 U“ •i
Paulus Cassel, Apobgetische Briefe I: Panthera-Stada^onokotes: ^Cancatumamen Christi unterJuden undHeiden (Berlin 1875), reprinted in idem,AusL/tewturundGeschichte, Berlin and Leipzig: W. Friedrich, 1885, pp. 323-347<334f.); Laiblc, Jesus Christus im Thalmud, pp. 24f.; L. Patterson,
4<Origin of the
Name Panthera* Journal ofTheological Studies 19, 1918, pp. 79-80; Klausner,Jesus ofNdzaivth^ p. 24; Karl G. Kuhn, AchtzehnRebet und Vstemnser und der
4^^^ -Reim^ TQbingen: J.C.B. Mol^ “tlkl Ijjij > isJl UUiJUsSl j^
Samuelj ^^ )
Kraussf
4Thc Jews in the Works of the Church Fathers?" JOR 5. 18y >j» • :pp. 143f >1893, pp. 122-157; 6, 1894, pp, 225-261idem. Das Leben Jesu nach \C syilOl ^^ I ^^ek
A
. ekpa jQdischen QueUei^p.l^tpomoA
^ m m
^Boyarin,/^/)] ArGiw<p. 154,iu 27<6>tAZ6:4
^ C^m
)porneias
^ crJ - iJUjJl iJ^Jl J i5LJl ^>-VJ
• • ^iU U (!) L^Jl11 iJU- 01»U-UM ^ Jlparthenos
1^/^ jl i<ij>^ i^jycj 6^1iib J; ^iaii 0) " cacophemism
s J J ip ^ 5>Nj •0j]j4 y ‘exorcism y s Ji
^SS\ ) t5L2^-iNI \Xa ^Ul ^jU uU^j ^J
.
ji[j <wl UjjJI ^Ijp^ ^gx,>-
^•f-€
5 'yj oUl>-U-l LiJ^ iU13 (T)( ? jULw4 < ^i
<^Ul A^bll <JU»j}\ l JJ jjwj i^iji\ ^Uallj j^LaII asjaj
> df> 0 cJlS^y - jl^jJJ
Vv^1
JiH ^ (S^ Ja^jUJl(J| \Lj9y^j j oUmJLJI
: "'V (+• cilj‘ ‘ ci . J! 1 >>^J …cil J«p^i a^I^- sLi- <aU1» ^iJl « jpb I^LmS
^4^ AMiyi t jSUe ^JUI U jUJjl dUSj iiJl^l <.V ^\ii^ jLc ^1 xo^l o^JI J t^aJU w.aj !^ f
i^Vl IJ^i .JbJL^^— iJa^iIl l^L 1 >-^ Ifjy^ 401 ji ^LJI
• Uj^lp — J J jiiJl i^aiJU La»I ^Uj j\
( ”"d \J^Jj I Laj! V 44J5U jjM# !J^|-(r\frLjJ| JJ
<^Jut^ <i cT*^ ( W-U i '^^l ) i>-
QJesusvonNazarsth H . UjJ Jj^iJ Jijtj «Jjuj ^liwu
King, GospelofMaryofMagdala, p. 153:>1
A4jUaj| j JUjCU >P ^>u iS^}? <i^J ^l>*bLl
‘ JJ ij-Jl t jjW' fV*
^ ftu N ^j9mj l<iic^ <aJaU ^J>-JLi llAj *»UJU <1%JjA o S^Lp l^L |^a.T
} wjj^j ‘ ‘<J <Jli^ J-*Ui
J?jla^- L^ipL^ vi«x{yi\ ((JjSfl ^yjJl ^J^iJl jbj- lij
<1)1 L* LKp •( j>wJlj ) ux ^ c5*^H • 1
) Js^J ^> j 4 b fJ "^ N
La ll^JLJlJ ( j\>*^ll
4kill|S (J ^jJl <pljL t^M»t «2iJ^j iJj ( J )
i ^j^0 ^5" til :. _; ci^^4 ^1
t)t i*^UJl 4Jj^Jl jL>- ISJ cOjU^
1S| L^U^! N <1)1 Jl (!^>>Sll (J U^l <u^lll J^hp
(J *^tr^l>-l^l c^ -pl oUj^Jl oliaJLJl ! LuJLp t«
t i^/an cJ Jj (3 JL^JLil ^y» yLJw»jj :_._1 1 lJlU
:4U)I ^^) I ] I !* ‘i)L^j .yU)l 0jiJl
*1)/ bjti co«Xa jjP LiJL^ l|i jmJ A^|2 U
>i t p c^Ji JLU ^J iUi^Ui J^i ^ jlJLL^ Vj ciuyJl
0jJLiuJ iU.1 C,^5 IS1 ^1 443jit l. Ula ?Ui!)UlJ UiljA U.1 dj^J3 Ja
V 01jXw U-wVj -^J {S ^
(Boyarin, Dyingfor) * ^ ^ ju* JjJ» ^^UJdJ Juuj U ^<'>
Gody p« 24
J1 W Jp d\ viLi N
V St *1U /uT O^lil^1J{SjiJ\ J^JLJI JjU olJby.
. Justin Dialogue, 10:1 (in St Justin Martyr: Dialogue with Tiypho, transl.
Thomas B. Falls, rev. and introd. Thomas P. Halton, ed. Michael SIuss* tLil 4( Washington, DC: Catholic University ofAmerica Press, 2003, p.
^ ^
^
VII JUiVl .JU djSiji \ji\S\}>lUjAp l
Q Austin, Dialogue, 108:2 (St. Justin Martyr: Dialogue with Ti^^oArzxis. iClIs.
162)
W
/ p/ • • !; y ^]1
l,,iu ^yrJj i(sceleratissimi) yJt^ ^\yr\ JS^\ U1Jli
Sacramento ) ^jJl. JUtVl ^ JjtJj JUtSlI J5 t^LJl
cJ5a> ^JJI ^jUlt (infantician et pabulo mde
jjJIfUl
f
^•jJl Iju <Lk Up jiJiS U Ij (3 (5u dj
Iyii
y
l j\ i*iS IJLa (3jix^aj ^zS itiilS Ijj^ieu l UJ iJjit ujij •
y Jbu
Jp <• WA fU —^giJl ‘ 5> d JjiJl
)
_j4P Oif 1¢ OjUj
J iU! J 11 ^j\x i\jj^ ^f Jt ^Jl j ( .J•
’
(i4^J ^ u^«I, OJ* ijy\ ^ T#X-^ ^ Ojj^ “
t ^JXa» 5 1 jlc£j “ ^ iH 0 jUil^^LdJ(Origen, Contis Celsum^ 6:27; transL in The AnteNicene Fathers: l4JtL
Translations ofthe Fathers down to A.D. 325% ed. Alexander Roberts and James
Donaldson^ voL 49 Grand Rapids MI: Eerdmans» 1 989, p. S8S)
Tertullian, Apology, 7:1 (Tertul/ian Apology—De spcctacu/is, transL T. R- (l>
Glover, London: William Heinemann; Qimbridgef MA: Harvard University Press,
•^ i ? fj^fl •(
1
953, pp. 36f.
\VT
cUpj f
L
ji^I <5Uj ^iJlJ
^^Jl UaJl ^A^J 4^1^ U^4
<'>.di^lj ^ut^ Jj ^uii
j cr^Kl» juUH UjJt 4>UU *Ibid*f 8:2—7°^
Octavius, 9:1-7, in The OctaviusofManus Minucius Felix, ) „^-;v jj ^ ^|^>.
trans. Gerald H. Rendallf London: William Heinemann; Cambridge, MA: Harvard
Jp ^yc, :(Univcrsity Press, 1953, pp. 336-339; and cf. also Octavius, 31
r^ ^ Ir-f l JJ ^ USi 01.^Uj oljUJ j>siji^ Vj U-i>- jU V
"* j " Ajyi.Y t( (quaedsmlibidinumreligio
^) ^ J tJi JjwU … u*# JJ UJt
*Wp h > JjL^J wiU«
Jsie dj>j V>* ^ Uxp^jJI ^ l^jb- JU.
1 ^j! s^jXt 4 jUL — J^13 U ^j\ — i^UjJLI
C* <^J «> ^ f^£ Jj ... J^u* 'i—»f ^ J ilo^j ^Aj oyc^
wr
*j>JJ it J^lj ^II ; d ^ I^Loa AjSU^ il
aJ ‘ ‘\|
‘ y Ji ) IJ Oi ^Ji
^1o^j ,ygi^ jst 1^ ^ ^1^\4
fM > ‘J• JU>I— dU • JJ j … > /ifjl
,
JJ-I rjU^j 4-01 r|r^^ #^l ^ Jri cK^
JjU^ 4^UI ^iyJ N ^1 iJtJI Jj 4-^j^\/J-\^ ^LfcJ -
fU^l J1 UiJi. >2, jN a, JU^IJiU^ 4^ULI ^iyJ ^ iJWl Jj 4-^j , l^1^ ULLi ^ Jl UiJi. >2, a, b^jX\
^ J^?if> cU-i i^LHU cJ^JL^ ^ icO»w Jr^* ^»
^yav 0^ bl U 1^ ,1O^UI ,
jl^Nl .UtV^ ISJJL. V^^ ^^ ^y ^
1
5 v au iu>;1 X > ^v
fU JJ oi
eV UA ^ )^jig./ Ji Otf^ cr
Hans Gfirtnerf<4Minucius Felix/' inDerKleinePauly. Lexikon derAntike^ :li>
C^j^ ^ j^i ^ »> -Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, 1979 f col* 1342
^ <1 t3l5 ^i3» JUll iCOctavius, 9:6 and 31:2 6jli ) yjjy•( V fW *Uj > i jjSj
0)Elias Bickerman, ^Ritualmord und Eselskult Ein Beilrag zur Geschichte antiker
Publizistik/9in idem, StudiesinJewish andChristian History^ voL 29 Leiden: Brill,
1980, pp. 25-255 (original publication in A/(7(f771, 1927 :L^t> .(810101)
Visotzlqrf ^Overturning the Lamp/f
JJS 38$ 1987f pp. 72-80; idem. Fathers oftheWorld, pp. 75-84
^^osqihus^ ContraApionem3 2:9l-96
UJ ^; iU^ y 4 N diJPananon26:4{. in ThePanarion ofEpiphanius
)^jS (HfbU Jplj y^i \ ¢4 JS
ofSalamis^ book l f sects 1-46, trans. Frank Williams^ Leiden: BrilK 1987, ppTSS-»L«t1 O^lSL^ U^Jl j\^ ji]\ KmM^jd\ j JLLP ^iSlLJl %JiM ^(87
W 1
{Adversus Hacreses 1* 26:3, in St Ircnaeus ofLyons against theHeresies, trans. and annot. Dominic J. Unger, rev. John J. Di]] n» New York and
•.( Mahwah, NJ: Paulisl, 1992, pp. 90f.
Stromata 3, ” ju
-
-
…
, :r^ ‘ ;y— >.(2:10-16
Wo
jJ2A (J kS C^SS\ (^JJt 4<tJl}il 1^1 ^1^ 4 ^mJL«
^j>-! ja Jm jii\ 5,/1 ] I 6 ;^
4JbjJ^-l JLgjJl y„ 4a|9** LL^j
fJl2^ ^JL^JtJI
J ^ O^i Ct^ ^ ^V oJl>JL« 44SU9 l I^Jbu) ijJiL>d\
|
1UJI pUw! (JJ ^j^JL*ij!
j
Ouj^aJl
iwl ^\j y^ ^apo {...planau) JJLi* l^iltt {nairesis) U
^P ^i\y\ JL»w coJLmJ^ ^S t^JL ]| oUJLCt (^.Ul ^ ^JLit
^ji^ ^fi dj}M i^0).^1 JJ Jlw»J ol^l UH ^^ J ipi^osi)
"s^jju' ^j u hairesis : ^!5 J.IJ LaJ
*jjJbf-jdl JL>-1 «iJ^^ 0 R4isU9 jt
^^0 4 11 J^j ilaJ^ (/7/3/205) " j\ crJ'
^ Cr* Jp -0)1 JLP^ jiJLJ ^JlII <^>51^15U ^
*1| iz^tj \^%^A (1)15 ‘C$1)
4A^ Ui ,W); S 1bW 111 vikjjl
U ‘SljsM J ^11 S:U| 4(*)jA^W 4 J^l^
Justin^ Dialogue^ 108:2 (St. JustinMartyr Dialogue with Ttyphoy trans. Falls, p. (°
. Tertullian, Despectacuh% 30 zL^I \{ 162
• :>
JUiSll ^ .4u i^ilj^Nl Jp j^amS\
1 ^p4 t Jp I^Jl j y U^J isi
0>.( Jaoplanos) ^x-iJi u(magos)
ljAj i/^i ^JLiJ' °U f^t
(il JJLiJl o^ill yj^ C(jJj^ll jj> S^JI —
) 4pIjI d\ jsii\ ^>JJ 01• tw-Jli Ujulp - .^IJb^
W fu fi J + i JU1I
4Jbu Uj nr YV JU J1 ajUJ IJla St ^I^Jl . .^1 J1 Jbu^j Ol^l
jJaP-Vl ^JLL
iJl^ jaj Jis {pianos ^A\ dUi 6t U/Ji jj^ L Jsii (nr)
W‘ utJWi Wi JJ 01 i( pitfJi•
Sju^I ihLiJl ^‘Ci Vl fU 4—tell) \jijau 40 «S•<-»l^
J-jfjij 4 ww^iJlj ^Lm}j Ijy^A
‘( U ” 4^ • jj , ^1
vbli |t-Aj s^ij i^SJl— fii
Justin, Dialogue^ 69:6f. (5A JustinMar0r:Dialogue with Trypho, trans^ Falls, pp^ <'>
MartinHengel, ij^v.(l 8fHisFollowers, New York: Crossroad,* 198 l f p. 41 1 n. 14
WV
(JjS^J\
f0>U ^1-Jl <r)
.Lto dJUJil Jp U IJUJ VjUjSfl
J5 W LJl J^Ui ou‘ diii J
• r:TA >^Uustin, Apol 1:30 (Saint Justin: Apologies, ed. Andri Wartelle, Paris: EtudesAugustiniennes» 1987, pp. 136f.); English translation: Early Christian Fathers,transl. anded. Cynl C. Richardson, Philadelphia: Westminster, 1953, p. 260
j * fAMm j^ij^u ^jJl dJesus vonNazareth, p. 250 ) U A.s.n jp<n
.V4U>U>1 j^Uoll ja J- # JbJ^- ^aj—* j)i\ ldL«J
hj5U^ yWA
oUUULl
oUUbLl
t^Uil ^ lyi\
j
^aJLJl J la 1^11 Ulkil JJm
1 oJL^iJj L>-^^Jiii ^ aJLUI <^.5)1 ^3 |JLJbi 0!
Jou^aiL j>9^mi\ *»j 4jl JJ ^^]al)
^4-1 1) d\Sjw
b^ji JffJl J ,yuu jj^ ^iil jyi\
Jj iN 4J 0jJ^Si^} •[ v Sjjtf Sl^tu
•() .cbL^j JjS Uj b2"j wJl J
IJ <lai^ ^ibzil olkLJl^ iJLft ^^>wJl ^jiJl } aJ? Jll*
N Vj•Y ,^^ Vr- J
J J il^UlI —Ufc jiJi \
^Vl ^}a d\ .d^Jj j 0>• .duU ^J
• «lL^3} ^JU ojl ut 9
y ^\\ m
i( ^ -y ^j/-\ yu.)i^\^\xr\-w
1 * lj 4^1-4 jM ^jJl k( oljj^P)
^13M 0Peter SchSfbr,
((Magic and Religion in Ancient Judaism, in Envisioning:^AMagic. A Princeton Seminar & Symposium^ ed. Peter Schafer and HansKippenberg, Leiden—New York—Kdln: Brill 1997, pp. 19-43; Veltri, Magie undHalakhay pp. 27 ff., 54f.; Philip Alexander^
4The Talmudic Concept of Conjuring
{AhizatEinayim ) and the Problem ofthe Definition ofMagic {Kishufi^ in Cnsation
and Re-Creation in Jewish Thought: Festschrift in Honor ofJoseph Dan on the
Occasion ofHis SeventiethBirthday^ ed. Rachel Elior and Peter SchSfer9 Ttibingen:
Mohr Siebeck, 2005, pp. 7-26.
• _J^l> >
Karlmann Beyschlag, Simon Magus : Ul J t_ a} 1 J 1“ >
/{//>cA/7>///b/^GWa^s; Tubingen: Mohr(Siebeck); 1974
\s\
( ) Jl I
J^ji\ ^jA AjjA^J 4>^*l 0 J ( • bp f AJJ S L«Jlt
JcaloumeneMegaleAe dynamis) UJLJl s Ua“U J|
j>^j UUj l^xl ji 1^ j ( \ \ ) (tou theou he
i-^il j^L JLi j Lrli Uix^ U j( \ T ) Xtaismageiais)
iii^ Yliu .0^0, -Oil^ ^1<jjSh
fuii j ^jj) Uu\^ r_u iSL,j\
t^iJL iolftj) ijj>^J\ ^J>jyu IjjUi JJ^ Oiw ialiJi
<42Ua]l J! 4>»^ 4jt ‘
jt J y. yjUl
Oil OjiJ LmiL^w Ij^j^jJIJtV .
wJl
r J ^\ jkLl
J-^ ji :
J
<lj* ^iJ gJJl u^» ^ ^Jp
•:1J^J ^ ;“
•yUM iia Jjlb Uj gJJiyn
JS^y J o UbM W ‘5>| > dUjLM ^041- )
(
ij\^ ) jj^ iib jmj cj^ (!> lj^}\ Jj>-^.t
1^1 Vj (LjaU N)0UU^Li-1
oUU-lLl
^Lli§ 0Lsb^bL-l
I^JI O^XU p-A C^nPi Uii «0 1^ 1 iL^jJL
IL KjJ» WlkpJ Jji -cSJ J 1 ^1 LpIj UJ| *1 ^Jl il\jjJl
J| h Jl J>Ip ^£ fUpJy i^oiH J
Jl JiJ <Uj^ ^Lil jj^hL 4illifc j^adl J OUjVl
4cM a4 ^ j -cMW ^hediah) {hesiti
» ^Si\ Jp jiij ^J| ^LaJt oUlk^Al maddiahjmesit
^ Ol^j 4«l)UjVl ^ tLlpiv^iS jt I b i
• cM 1 0^^— ^*1 1 Jlii
» »U* Upj^ ^ |Ja j^SsJ tw/UU^l^l uw i*jU LJiy ^ ^JLJU* ol ^<'1
•wAU\M“ ^
giJI h UW • J
j
4
IJa (noqeU> ^ij^r ja j
(tetragrammaton) j\i jrm ]^\j 4^\ JLikll^ ^ ^\Lii\
jilaj ^jS\ c3a>ill ^Jp \Sa ^Jp i ^^i-U j^i— L vIp k-Jbo
0^4 ^jJI 44^^11 jj^J j5lAI k‘.l OU • ^Jp ^jbl
(r)
> : UJ JjSI Su 4l{ dUUsJ Ul JUj 5^531 * 4 mI W jyt cii ci • 4 JU(
1y cJl
*\o ) .^^Jl Jp lifj iij2i\ LJlaf. LJ)ll ^\ j
-
j
•Jl J} 6 y-i
| j “Jlj jl ^ y ‘j^Sfi * j!
jjj^J\ ja fjjyi\ i^j>ci\ eJUb^
^IJlpVUi^AP
J i^LJ 01iUU
^ «Jb V IJ^ST Lii>w C)l
•''
jJjljl/t^lJllJl O^iJl il|A ^jA ‘bl^ l:
UJ iu
•MS
-
(
^4)LJ
, § 765 (end)
JUw^t \i\
^J m(Yi-\AYr ) JbJl jL^ J yb^ljjdniA
• J —A J 5i ‘f
4
Crfl 1
li«i ^ul t3Wl l3 -
tt ^ ^ ^li ^} ol o^f oi
4 > ‘1 (3A —
j
doUJLJ »JI ol Jij *<JlkJ^ ^ ^i3l ^.Vl y^j
t5y t U<1^m, 4^U
fl^lU j^u Jj J
•( :SljjJl ^ J^UaJl
•^o ^^ ^jbl4 ctU d%Ul LmI>I i^J^iUL*J| ^ibl ( \
)
^1 <! <iU 6LJJ ^ JJLj. =)^J 6UJ ^#1 4iA (Y)
ju— u ^
#d•W1 V^4d ^^ cH NJ > (n
<J l*iA <|«LJLll 4«J<ljjJLi^ a^1j^i}I ^^irJl ^ jl2)
6i^' 'j^ J1 J-^^' J j^j 4\ ^. jit OjA w> I Jp ljjiyi USl J1 j»4^4L
.u tr^uJi ^j^Vt^iu<')^ OaIa# aJ >^*Jl
jJJ dpj^i\i J _t!j it* Wj! Sdj/maa <»JLJt ju^ ij^SH iiLM”••VbjsH
0>Maier, Jesus vonNazareth, pp. 76-82
.
(J^d ^ (i 1 1a ./A I d\ Lfljl(^f^
9J-^ Cj^
cP c^' y YYA JUj?- ^pii 4^?w» ?LJl JJ jjJL ijJ Jj tLSJ
UiS SJi cJbur 1j Jl V LJj cjt j ^UJl Uii J ^1 U^l^/! 0 ^1 cjt ) Jp J4 <jt ^ <lUU ‘ IjrC^ t[iA^fl
f 4Jg Ullj ‘” LJ)M (/ U J kl U# - ” aJI Y [
>U c^Lil ^y) "oLJVl ^1" "ULjf cr—. fl^0)?^ Jy Jp
(^ u^J ^ U*3Vl ^1 ^Jj ja ^i\ Op YTA JUj^- yL- J Ait iiUS
d li)Uj4»l ( 4j 6tJl) 1^ Jj^fl P J| j^Jck
^^> ^iljJui] 5JUU11 S-Jl UJb^t U \}>\j U>t ^1 **
J1^ ^jjl
4JJ <! dJ J>L ^iil UJ>li "-df ^ 5 Ji#"LJ>l
yijXj 4U •.dUi Jp OLJ I | 4 J giJl;.10^ yjjll xJliJ ^jA JA J^J ^1 ^Jljji J yi 4y»U ^UU-I
1^1 dUiJ) L>.Vl^^ J <r>J^U^I dUi Jp a^-^ 4^ Ji
‘k—s1 M f^I d J^1 ^ I -(kJ^ 3^iU
4j^Ui^ JjU j ioliJl i^lii\ v^itj J^LI^
UUJ ^ 4il> J, ,0^1 ^\tLJJ 4/^ 4,! Jp^ • P JjVl•JJIOUOMyV^
^ — J^1^ 1 4^ — >P M :v J-J >- 1 1^X :^1Gc2a Vermes, Jesus theJew:A Historian
fs Readingof
:
^1 31
-
Ui *u*
.VJ01 Histonanws Readingof
:Jsd " v5jU
*.VJ
/Ae Go^e/s; Philadelphia: Fortress 198 1 • pp. 177- 1 86.
bM^ljJL* l <J
S
jA {jt^i 0^
LlU^j) A^P (J^S^ dJJl ‘ »yaP KA\jf ^l
\
Ji ^ «ij! •oIjIpmJI JU^t l«llJS (\ cJi cjt
j
U^J^ /^y) V'j
Ephraim E. Urbach, ^Homilies ofthe Rabbis on the Prophets ofthe Nations :^!0>
•and the Balaam Stories/’ ra/to25, 1955/56,pp.286fa>Maier9 Jesus vonNazarstht p. 80.
^ J^! J vrr-51 ^ j'e 's* l^S .PesR 21 f ed. Friedmann, foL 100b-101arr,.
^ Jp J aJJ jUil
• jt >lj ‘t Jpylj 4
d\ bj^Jli^ N iJLUJl vilj-dl ^I^JLJ flJL^Nl Ii4i ivilli ^; ^^ ^ Ul dU • ^ aJ N
‘If viU • aJI^)»LcJLi&| jIaJJ lie* ol l^*4^V l " w>JJU"
^ Ui.^ J^ai^ V iUS3l v ^ UU cJU it" Vv-1 '
%.9 ^IiJII SJjlJUi tJLaI :._jj3l Uj^U >§ aiju
o^ I(^^ <
^j.U?t / v-lziVl iUi-l^
WAOy^ jr4 ‘VO ! •i'‘f
1e1‘ i
>
”¥^f*^ ,>• ^y4 ^ c5^' J^!>bs-Vl JA 51^ <JLiu oUUUM
OUj^l ixj^ J1 ^1 via^uil ^JiUl UU Si J>. ^JLil £»JiiNl
i) vlLi V • Vj i^UU wauiu^ t(f
€__.ii;l
J i I
f^ 4
•U>4 q A^> jJJl <l)t kJjA ^jA jfi (S^
i^l^>lj^U2}|
JA iais At *Li jfi^ C4il ^1 AL ^L-Sll i? ^Jjl
(3^ '•^ri^ ^*1*Xp1|»J 15>*^ p^«Jl JJ y^j <c*Li <J^>-
Ji > t 1 ^ ‘v: m ^a
#
* X<u\jl\
X Jesusvon Nazareth, pp. 244-247) UU: 4 • Jp• •
•Ibid., p. 246<r >
<4>Ibid.# p.245
UA
cja ^ ^ 4 ^wJii ^ kzJj}
^liu^l sIjXh^ 4JJ Jli JLJJ \Sa Jj <NU JLP
j*^1 ^ju\ o^Lil j l^iS/1 ^il iU idjy^ " w>w-JI Xp JJU^t* ^‘ Y Jl OjAjjwj Uj^ Oj U
• <1 ^^ |^-^AjI 0j^JLiUj <4>u
Ay: <U*-#Lm»V| oLlSz^ll JL>»t Jp 5, Jl \l^fl ajlft Jisl “ J
V \Sa C>t ^ ^^Jl jJ^) N ^1 V,>C J^U 4 ^jA ol^-y^mA
fj UjLtil ^x. ^i>\j sz^j\S ^S(l 4^Jli Ze^U^l
ii*jUJl ^; UaiJ iJ^Jj yL• J 5] Ul J ^liijSj jlUl
lj^\ji\ ^ - J^l\ ^jJl AJJ^J j^j UXP oOi^u U
^^ucian^ Death ofPeregrinus^ 13 {SelectedSatires ofLucian^ ed. and trans. LionelCasson, New York and London: Norton, 1962f p. 369 .<
The Dead Comes to Life, 19 (Lucian, vol.
3
f trans. A. M^ Harmon, :^1<T >
Cambridge, MA, and London: Harvard University Press, 1921; reprint^ 2004, pp.30f.); 77jeDoubleIndictment I34Df 27(pp. 1360
\A^
^ 4^1 ji ijjbil ^ ySi ^JJi
JJl ‘ ) 1 |^4j ‘OjpjLoi j^j^ jJl tJI 4^lL UM
Jp ^ikll ^A2jm< <>1 J^i 4r^r jb t)yjl4 i^jJl Jp
:^«
4 Ula
iiquaestuana)^\ j>\ jl jl^Jl ^1 ills
tc” dl^il siiS^
! UaJtJl lu ^Ulj ^^.Ul dUi
ll^>c g ‘ 1
(^Lduiilj ^JJl c fA IJLa
ijUdJ 4JJI
aJJ JLSj \ dJLi^J j^t ^JJl 4 IJLa
(1)TertuIliant Dc spectacu!ky 30 (Tertul/ian Apology—lit spectaculis$ transL
Glover, pp. 298£.:Jd i^kaii IJUJ^ .( Horbury, JewsandChristian^ pp. 1 76-179
.
Cr4 y^ ^y^yj
).‘1J ly% >- Ltj 4uUJJ ^jJLi Aj\ ^JL2j ^V>-
j sj/Ju ) 1 j ^j^ii i
C)\ iliA jjlil ^aj (j ^iaii Jl>*lj 5j^* Uj^Ua*
5jjL cJlJ ^-iJI J5l \}j>- l^i iajjt V
Jit yb^ 4^^JbJt Ajjym ^ U^ .4 >, .,.. [\jA^ji\ j^Uil Ji—
4<pU1 31^ J j jVi J1 V^W jtj^ cy
• JjSfl OjJLm v<4; J ^ QjJ^Ju ^jJLIl
•fI Nj I v^JJU
(^314' OlJjSd Xp ^ ^xuj jP^J\^ <»Ij
oLIjJi\ ^jA ; > 4^SU
S aS^*
j
4J^Nj — JbJt^-1 JL^aJI(3 ^*^ (j I
l Ua^>j ^ 1111 J }pjA^ 4m«Ip^UL| <*,Al j^^T
oU) dJWI JJLI ja JiUI \^\ iiJL^ tJlj d[ dUi Cr*Ji^t U J1
yijll ft ^JJS^ (^JJl 1 I OjiJl JliiP
i j3^1 J1 iUuJ^i SijSj 4^1 jLJbJl/^Vl
J
UjUl aJUJl /^ cJl^ V4^1S
lp^l>* if lj^ Jp •j-/HAa J
•(W-Afrjjj
ju- ^ 1 ^ij)
' t5j* y^ ^cfs5-^'
”‘(/V^^
O^kJiiltoUUUUj>ci\ Ijla Jp ^UoJl
j>» jijar vt jp i3u iioji
^W> b} ilAjLo^ ji HeL
Ir^j ‘SJb- isUJ jl
UUM J^JUo UUM
V% <> aIJLJI ju^ 44
(<uaJ ^ iH ui Cj^ ti ^
t-^(^iJl j*Ua1I — jj^Sfl jJUnl 1
iiUi]^ L4^t IjJj ol Sl5UI oJla
•JJI ^ ^ I U ^ l^JU
11 ©oyarin. DyingforGod^ p. 27
.
f ^^^ t> iUji (<4
phristians and Heretics,” pp. 160fD
Ji «uj .( v=k-Lai^ u,1^ .llu^ jci, > ^ ( ;.»w...un
> ( ;!dl >U1I l ‘5evJ^ fui ia^Jl AbJI
c^i^ vfeM • Jt- * J^wj i( ^ ir^ ) ^jliIi v^u-i wisyiuaA^ ^ jijfa^\ j^t 1^jS\ «iA .( nV^ ) " ^kJUIl C^UJj^l i U:: b
. Jewish Babylonia:BetweenPersiaandRoman Palestine
\M
o -li ‘Y*YV ftp ]ai
^531 ^ Jp)^ c^ j 2^Sj^Mi\ J UJ| l^S
hUyA (I )n t dLtN :craill d U J JxiM
^ ‘Sj^ iLu^^ Jp jjUJI •(4J Jj}U)M v jjiS3l
1 W «>• 1 1 J ^ 1‘ Lli l^Jlil
.i.UJli^J^^1VJUL| J^U JO ^JJl ^Sfl iolJJL
Avi-Yonah, TheJewsofPalestine:A PoliticalHistoryfrom the j^Bar Kokhba War to the Arab Conquest, New York: Schocken, 1976, pp. 158ff.t
… 208ffG»Geo Widengren, /1 Koh hammer, 1965, pp, 274ff.;Jes Asmussen, Xhristians in Iran,** The CambridgeHistoryoflran, vol. 3 (2): TheSeJeucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods^ ed. Ehsan Yarshaterf Cambridge:Cambndge University Press, 1983, p. 933; Richard N. Frye, The HistoryofAncientIran, Munich: Beck, 1984, p. 301JosefWiesehdfer, /hwn:¢5¢ j u jCij
.ADf London andNew York: I. *B. Tauris, 1996, pp' 199fT
m
\JA
j
OjjJ IjJU UJC^ jt ]a
d\s o Ailj ij J1 1^ J>* (I ^/Jl 5>J11 v*
W
1 >J' ^ <>•
1^ ;^( l bJ • ill…oJl … ijs yjcS ^«jlSj ^Jdl j^-lJl J j>-l ^ JUi i^JijIj^Jl oJU
:(Y r-Yvi) yUJi U Ji d ‘Katir
] [yUJi ^ j ‘4^ j ‘iiSij ^1 s^j
^ Jj • • • -^>'^>1 J ci^j [Katir^5 ilSU
ajLjJU «xi <A^lj ^ oLp Jl^it u^i
j"jUl " ‘' cJL^… >1 J^ 11)
I^U \ij^\
j
(T)U^ ^J oUl^J-f
UjS(lj [<{Sl^)l] C*il>-lj > 4^..,^>- jl j 4^ ;bp 01 ^jA
i{ UL£) <!) S—lj (^^) •l4iilJUA« 0JLoij ^ja
OjJl-U^ll ‘( ^ j ( 6) jLoJI 4 uAl
C*>X^lj l^ia^ ^tJJbJblJ) U^^LLi^ ^^ljSL»)
<r).U5U opII.j^ Jl cJ^j f^1 t
-/L^
oUUoJl( |5 ^>JLJ !Ap1 - ibjJl ,>• 6^U1 IJla
C* (iik ‘ :J .V-J^' J kSjt^^
fJUl !j^Vl jLc^ … il } toUl I •^
.• 'bj
• ‘ n
Wiesehdfer, AncientPersia, p. 1 99;jSu\ j*
<T}
fT^ O^J^i ) :_ J ( jU J^l «>• dj:**T^^ ) * iijLoJl " Jy li^l J>.i ^<4>
Sebastian P. Brock,i4Some Aspects ofGreek Words : \(^ j«^t ja ujju^ ^
in Syriac,” in idem, ^77^r A/s/>e /^"/> London: Variorum,
1984, pp. 91-95; Asmussen, ^Christians in lran,Mpp. 929f
C? ‘^r4^ dijiH Jii
• uliJb^ yu .iUS3 ij Jt
Ioaj ^a jdSsj ^(U- \jJi Ij l5 : I I iS-ii-lj
(jSS\j (Lwj 4j jj JI ;:' .,_,ll c->w>l Uxp :iUU yJU
c^5^' «Wi OjU<? 44iUl>-j kJauJ i^U
j . b 0 LJl p :_ .JJ LIp^}I a^J>j il^
i IJ>j ijJ Jl
JJi 9 f^AiJ OjLaij jt-rLj iiJjjJJ frVjJl ^ 4rJU I
jlk J 1 c^Ja” U1 5^>1 I^ J”
cPd — VJ ” • li Jii ( w ^> yUJ -n >wUM H Y^> JjV vta
•(t V-
Geo Widengren, yuil ^,u J5^ >;t ^l-U^ (AM Jt J^^ <(l>
4The Status ofthe Jews in the Sassanian Empire,** in Imnia Aniiqua, vol. 1 , ed. R.Ghirshman and L. Vanden Berghe, Leiden: Bril!f 1961, pp. 117-162; and Jacob.Neusner, A HistoryoftheJews in B&bylonia, vols. 1-5, Leiden: Brill, 1967-1970Isaiah M* Gafni, The Jews ofBabylonia in the :/i; *Li^j ^ijb- j^i\ ujj}\ jaTalmudic Era:A Soc/sJsndCulturalHistoryy Jerusaleni: Zalman Shazar Center forJewish History, 1990 (in Hebrew); Robert Brody, ^Judaism in the Sasanian Empire:A Case Study in Religious Coexistence,
win Imno-Judaica II: Studies Relating to
Jewish Contacts with Persian Culture throughout the Ages, ed. Shaul Shaked andAmnon Netzer, Jerusalem: Yad Itzhak Ben-Zvit 1990, pp. 52-62; Shau! Shaked,MZoroastrian Polemics against Jews in the Sasanian and Early Islamic Period,
Min
Irano^JudaicaIIt ed. Shaked and Netzer, pp. 85-104Asmussen, Christians in Iran,
9'
pp. 933ff.; Sebastian P. Brock, Christians in :
the Sasanian Empire: A Case of Divided Loyalties* in Religion and NationalIdentity:PapersReadattheNineteenthSummerMeetingandthe Twentieth WinterMeetingoftheEcclesiasticalHistorySociety, ed. Stuart Mews, Oxford: Blackwell,
I982f pp. 5ff
cJlS ‘TTVfIp aJUj • Ji JJ c^Jalla^i Uxp
^l* o JjP •Js^r^ iU>JL>* 4g>iy>w>.ll d»l JUl
^>1^)0 1.li ^U^l ^Ul Jp JbJL^Jl \Sa jl ^\ji\ ^^i>i:_.J>l a1s>«L t j^ jl (l^dp o h:l • iw*) uJl
015 ‘TTV Ip ^ y leiJJ LJl
j^d\ 0 ^1>^>~I 4jL5 j \j ^a ^Jju ijL^Jl :^J I ^bT JL^-I cJplAlyf
^Jfl*.W a ..Sl ^l^Jl
I^I i)\S (^jJI jltsl (J l Jlj ‘jlo j/l Jp <ul — «xSJ
J^rj Ule ^1 ^iJl ^lJ-1^ d\ Ji ^[uJ*Ja-i] jU^Vl
4 [oUj^l] ijjt \jjuji... .[j^Li] Jjjii\j jij^
•aJL^I^ • 1 APj«Aifoli <^m«I
klyM
J>»jjdl^jlj (JU ^p jl5U)L oIa$ >Jl JLa v^Ju ®|l
LtJUP •<::••JJ Jl^Jtl %^ji^\ ^)U«aJ L^4jl J i(3 (J
^jw-^ OjAl ^TY*A
^lp 4jy\tS»
<1j j^m\ fjSi\ 0Ufla Vl Jjl IjuJ ‘>:• oLIpj oUl
IJLft ^ ^JLic«j Jl (3 ^>*g**>»»-U(*
^iW ‘¥4^ ^ (>• 5 4 (il
Timothy D. Barnes,<4Constantine and the Christians of 4i^» iu j\ rrv
Pereii’V/M75, 1985 pfl30
^^phrahat. Demonstration V:l, 24, in PatroIogiaSyriaca I:l t cd. J. Parisot, Paris:
Firmin-Didot, 1 894, cols, 1 83-184 and 233-234.
jkyr^ ( Constantine and the Christians of Persia/* p. 136 ) l^\^\ J t(-r jt<T>
U^lL. 4-^Jl J^U^ ^Oikk-i#
flp T>t 11 tU^J 4 o^b» 4j\j ^yJU : ’ •i^ vi^Lt^ .rY t
^UJI JJtli J|
y— 5j UJm
^Jl J ^fj^jt^S\ j ^jA J>-lj
M giJl Iflaj^ c^jMJ ^m1\ i^i^i\j S^LJI LUaiJl 4>J» t5J^JLil
0^:.._,l l oLUj Jp jjiU J?i^t Uxpj
t* cilA ^ cT^^' ‘“>Xf l l <J V Uijj
j^ i^ Ijj^t ^1 ^JUlj 4 U >^iJl jLJj
5 ‘ ‘ y j
cr^ <> V^J C)t :jj-lj wiuJt^<r)
*L5r^ jl ciUiJj .^oJI fj ^aJi a^p J|
cb, dlU»>^ Uj , ^J^1\j^y\ y, ,JUL| ^J•A ck<S gU O^t )#Jjl
1 1y ‘0| J ;yj^V oSf 4VU.Sfl JJ j^oJ CJIJ ^1 .dOJJ ^A\ alUj
^iiuu y^ \yj^i dij ( ^Ji J ws^- w-^w) ^1jy.yi i^at>
.tULU^i 6 jUt Jii i^L#LJl
/Icto Martyrum et Sanctorum, vol. 1-7, ed. Paul Bedjan,
jk f% • • — ^ Ua^ ^UVl UUL5^ ^JJ tHarrassowitz, 1890-1897Akten Perstscher Mintyrer Mit emcm Anhang Ostsyrisches Mdnchs/eben, au$
dem5ynschen0bersetzt,Kcmpten and Munich: K5sci, 1915
= qi Unt uch n syrisdwn Li twg hic/ite I: Zur :Mmit^b^/ief^ung aus der Christenwrfolgung Schapuis //, G6ttii5gen:Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 1967; and the learned review by Sebastian Brock in^ >ii ^i JournalofTheological Studies, n.s., I9# 1968, pp. 300-309
n , ••uv=^ ^ %iU%uSjii j|^Vi Jumou 4JuVi
Brock, ^ \AMSl\% p. 142; Braun, AusgewQhtteAkten, p. I3<^>
ChristiansintheSasanianEmpii^H
,4lP L» lJUbj
Oi Jlo y^u Jp JJ tdlLii (ju^.,.11 J ^Jlp iji Jp Jaii I^J
j Jl iUU t AyJtiJ
\j±^> ^uVl l^b J i i ^A\ Ji^ isb ^Jfcll l5) ^U i^Uil v^Jil
^^Jl j! J|^p! ‘(6^' I ^UJ i \yj
iL^kJl 011UaiM iiJ^Ul Jji* cj^Li Ji \^S OUw Jp Ij^il
JiLJ ciOl^Jl LloAl i £wi5) j^9\jy»y\ JJ a^SJ^\j
I iJ j Uw <j xp J
Jl^Vl . U^w oUiaJ Ld^ iJ y ‘ >jl iljjJl j 1 [ ] tliUi Jp Sj^Apj
1
* tA^Jb^
^ 01? U y. IJl^i
c^^JU y LJl^Jp ^
jJ
(T).yUAdUS Ij J—-J
^\x^n\ Ji^i 4>.>. ^ji Vd Ji LUaJi Ji u>; isi
‘ ‘ p bJLP
jjt ^>.^^1^1 J ^>3 l Ulj '|^(J jy}^ SM 4^aj Vi tJjfpS/l j wi ^(,>i4A/5II, p. 143; Braun, /l(/5^i4^Mev4i(:/e/2»p. 14
The Chronicle ofArbela, 54:2-3 (Kawerau), quoted in WicsehOfcr, Ancient :
o-^^yr d [ ^il ^4^)
]
j ] \jjlij * iPersia, p. 202
fj^ ,U • Jlu^1 ili,^ y j •… • jJJCA Jewish-Christian Conversation in Fourth-Century Persian Mesopotamia," JJS
jh ^iJi
)
:_.,‘U ti^LU ^ v ^ (47, 1 996, pp. 45-63
:.-“ Cr4*^ «y ^
4
^ J1 ^^^^ y j _ ^;t (Asmusscn, “Christians
… _ 4
und sein Verh^ltnis
)p^sbU^1
in 1™^** pp. 937f.; idem,i4Das Christentum in Iran :^l^>
szumZ T astnsm\is^ StudiaTAeo/ogica 16, 1962,pp, 1 Iff.
V * • ‘
(T>. Lll Nj dj^i ijUJl 0jj^4" Cji^ ‘Ob' 1 Vr^
‘( 9 JLSl S d) jJI (Jj 0j^ ijj C)i 4^^>-1 oUl|«l
V y Sfy IjjJl l» jSfl jJUP CJIJ v^at obUJl JLA ^ ^j<r)
.JpVl jUUu aJjJI
J K5 h W s^t>- 4 ^* l x M
Uii !>* ^ u^i ^5^i-XJl Lm*LJ-
1 ^y ji^
^ u^V' ^h 0^^ c^j >- Katir^ d\Sj) ^^Jlj u^h^-JLI
U 1 ‘lMJiljijl
a^Jl J oiVjJt i^ai Jp J^Ul Jjii\ Jp U^Sjj U ykj kLoj] Oj^JI
U^Jl frljj <J^A4j U li} U vJJMJ ^ .(!J«ip^ j) JbjUt-l
Sj!Ap lj5jL-^ ^^1) itjtj i\jA\ ja jij -it L
.diJS V^-I ^tiJU^ ^ ^>.( ol^l dUi Jp
.((Braun, Ausgew^hlte Akten, p. xvn i-w^l yxJi ji 4rrArUJl Jl
G)>lMSIIf p. 52; Braun, Ausgew^hlteAkten, p. I
.
AMSWy p. 36 1 ; Braun, AusgewtiMteAktenf :^l^1 ^iiJi\ j «juiti^y^\> >
•
•" p.U6
i\» cJt * SU15 45^5,^UJI ^JJI 4( l^JL J^\^\)^ji ijl ^ IJU JU.«>
J tP* jA ^^ ^~jj? j JpW.( /IMSII, pp. 236f.; Braun, Ausgcw^bltcAkten, p. 780 " ![
* ^ *] j^i
Asmussen, “Das Christcntum :LM> r •jJ
*
t<r• J xpin Iran,” pp. 15f
Ian Gillman and Hans-Joachim Klimkeit, Christians in Asia ^ Uo^; oaI^UI ja jyil
jj^A\ * :te/bn?//(W, AnnArbor UniversityofMichigan Press, 1999, p. 115
^JJ^ 4f</*
*\jS^ JA i4i}lJ
Ikiw l^jt
‘4^1 ^I ii ^ ^Ij *Lt I .(sljLlfjj
»l #
t Ti^tjJl ^§j pLmjJI
5-^1 iiSUaHi 1^1 O^Uly jUi ^ Ul
martyrologies ^Ij^Ji J>w l jj ^
\^y\ jJi UALa jLfiJI
M# ^yi>y J l U^j| JJ
JjVl jLciU
Irfl ^ J cA (fj<^jli J ja
j
tGuhashtazad
I j>^ V ^1 ^Uil J VI c^JS Li ,^>^1!
Asmussen, Christians in Iran, p* 937° J
ayAMS IIf p. 191; Braun, Ausgew&hlte Akten, p. 45; AMS II, p. 206; Braun,AusgewahlteAkten, p. 56
4pUI J U 4<mII fji^ i^Ul a^LJ\ j ^5^-1 JJ^ )
}AMSll f p* 1 77; Braun, AusgewiihlteAktca, p. 36.
c( ^i\ amj^^
)
:AMSUf p. 557; Braun^ AusgewQhlteAkten^ pp. 162<n
JbjUL-l 4(5 JLf-lii ii^- i>-L Ig-i L»t
^ ^ l^lt cu-^lj 5^1 jUS t^ J^l J ia2i)
^15 ajI c> dy W Sj!
j?ju j jwlI j jlL2j o^^ 5j^C juj c^lj^SlI ^” OjS ^
" jl Oj^L^ ^ja 5j>*l c)l L>-Sll j J^^lt
Uf t^dL^SlI jla3 4<Jlilt j^pj •<^yj
uf i3l^- jjj(” ^ ojii 4‘ ^ j (<*)jovamJlI 4jj>-J
‘(! W S— ‘ ji gJJl 1 U Akebshema
ilJLiu Jb^>l i»<UU0ji 4wi| (^>-T JU^i (”• 1^# ( ^»^ __ ^^ 4jUl Ji c^ jL4)l JJ^ l^ ^ - 1^" ^\^ ^1 J>L^
lTC^JW J 1 ^ • k 1^>[^^*]
U ^jA ^S l^M* y^ “__: lil ^P JUJ %lj*^ij ^ul 4i^jj
ck ‘ •…• "*>J^ ^ iA • Oil j y»UaJI ^>J*j^iJ tr-
^ ciji-l — ^ti lS U 1{J
a A^aSifj>Ss> <J| 4«iJUS JS\
- olj^Vl uii fl5 <! \y^}) >>' ^ ^ t
0} c^lJL^jJI j\^0 i^jAj bulk JL^Lj ^jA 0^/1 JL^Iiu
)JJ (4^U •!:_ ULi c 1
d
y ^U %^ij (J JL^ ! * OwMj i) -
\j^f *i>-t 0 QUmiJI JJcjC f^ij lisNji
X
p ."IV— IT tTV
• : > ^ JUjj»
Q}AMSll$ p. 56; Braun^ AusgewSMteAkten, p. 40}AMSUf p^ 374; Braun^ AusgewahlteAkten^ p. 125
<t^^^j^^fJ^Jij^.i4M5II1 pp 390f.;&ram >lii5^iwyA//tfi4Jtte/i p.l36/* >
9^xax\ IJa n^J>
y
(^Vaul Bedjan^ HistoiiedeMar-Jabalah^ detwisautrespatnarches, d 9unpretreet
de deux latques nestoriens, Leipzig: Otto Harrassowitz; 189Sf pp. SSlf ; Braunf
AusgcwahlteAkter^ p. 27
1
I ^d f Ojjjd
1 4(
^ VrJW2i ('\l|^J| JA JbJUJi j l^^JUJ
11»1 .1^ ^lp> IjJlS
*
1 o^ LJl
JjjUl4 U-jJb
^•X>Cj i l /^p <ULaU) JULl
IJL4JLJI 6\^\ AaHI \j ; Jl
K3 l 4jJJ
) jb^V |J^- j^A\ 015 lijj .(iJLUi
jj£S^ U4I 01 >4^(1 j^Li J1 lj\Sj\ >1
^ jS> ii\ tJ^5Jl
jJl • ¥ Jl 19| I
WUU 4+ Jb ci^lyj Jl
Oy^i^ pJIJj Ja5* <J i^Jl ^
i4A/iSII, p. 206; Braun, AusgewShlte Akten, p. 56; AMSW, p. 557; :Uit ^'>Braun, Ausge^Uhlte Akten^ p. 162; and AMS IV
^
p. 198; Braun, Ausgcwiih/te
AJcten.pp. 176f
JJ ^Ul AilSj^ ^Si\
W i # cTV^} S U liJ UJ dUi U •^
•¥ LJl oUaJLJJ \1>I (^iJl
.^XJt u^ Iz\j^ V-^ *i0^:J i^Ji C« 4i%Ji 0J J>ai ,/*£ N Lu<'>
Adam H. Becker, : ^CJi m*uJUT
jLc, U J^lLj djLdi jUJUUiJUUMBnnging the Heavenly Academy Down to Earth: Approaches to the Imagery of
Divine Pedagogy in the East Syrian Tradition^ in Heavenly Realms andEarthlyRealities in LateAntique Religion^ ed Ra^anan n S. Boustan and Annette YoshikoReed, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. 1 85fT., and in more detail
Becker's Princeton dissertation,uThe Cause ofthe Foundations ofthe School^:
The Development ofScholastic Culture in Late Antique Mesopotamia (published
now as TheFearofGodandthe Beginning ofWisdom: TheSchool ofNisibisandChnsuan Scholastic Culture in Late Antique Mesopotamia^ Philadelphia:
University ofPennsylvania Press, 2006); Jeffrey L. Rubenstein, The CultureoftheBabylonian Talmud, Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003,
.pp. 35-38.
Vj X ^ j # U d ^ LS( Ujojbt ‘ — j
• ^^*JA 5j Jfjl •UfJ UU j\
adversus i»Uly1 Ju. <^z [ c^ll\ ju^ adversus Cliristianos )U* UMj^^# ^4^1 <ji
.[ ^ ct^4 ^ Judaeos
\jt^ «Jufc jS\ 6l i mJ .((UAJewishChristian Conversation,
np. 63
J!• d ^Ull
. adversus Christianos:Jp fJz ^\s ( 4li J^J Vv-11 -AiJl J! C> >
. TwoNationsin KourH^am6,pp.39f.,664jU^JJ^.f»ja5»
>LaLI d\ ^ 4Uiji^ J ojjUl ^ g5ldl
Cj^ ‘: __i iji^ “ . jj j^ij v (^ui
1?
•
I- ii ^ 14^) :li
^1 jl i-^UJl aJliJl jX^ai —V>:J Ifl ^jA^J^rj oL-U-U-l \Sj ^jJr\ a^Jl J Iju ^JJl U ^Lj ^UJ b5^ V .oaii
1 j^aJI> Jtl i ;15 BJ‘JU»I i^uJa^ J^U•J JJLUJj •i
iUj^Uw J i.oiil Ulc LpjJI 01jLi)(U t^JLJi .JU- iL
•(»-i:^ cJl5 1JjOjLI ^ jjaaj l tiUJJ
j^uSli i^ji jjjj jj i j^i yJ^i\ i^^LlI ^UJI O^iJI J ^UU AiJi ^jJl (ujjL^LJI)
(^wiUtl O^iJl j) aJIxl^I p i^j^U JjJbt-l JL^aJI JUlidl
('>.U^I a^Jl ^ ^_J| in-jJl) a^idl J^UbU
iljj OjjLwUjJI UJ
<iJ cJU ^S/l Jp^ j^|^ 5^! ^5,3^, ^^jwJI c<U>l^dl olj^J J -Jj) ^^ J5^^ ^UL- ^Ua^-L^ ji cUliJI CJVl
yu. ^1 > Uut ajjiai. cji5 j^uVi ^ a-^L. u^j ol yi^j • u* dBruce M. Mct2ger, The Early :>t ijj^tjji ^ .( iblv ^Jl jUil xVlM?/y/bw o/' /Ae New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations,Theoiogtsche
^ VUH UJ ^Oxford Clarendon, 1977, pp. lOffi
^ea/eiiz^^fopdfdre.DietrichWtinsdi^Evangelienhannonie/’inTREHUgSlpp.626-629; Barbara Aland, u
BibelQbersetzungen 1:4.2: Neues Testament,M in TRE18561980, pp. 189-196; WiHiamL. Petersen, ‘Tatian/ in 7K£32, 2001, pp.655«
659
Jrf f‘ j^Jj .i^ljV J^r L dJ Ud Ji Js^l 0
JA 4b 0^U| J^S J1 <^Uj lOjjl-jUjJl JA >jAA
^jOJ ^\ JLa
aJUyJL <gUJLiu (j <^W-) <JLy«Jl 4^j^ll ^• Ijit «^Sh
y
>ijl>- it ^T\oUJ SJLp J} oU^jUl ^ cJl
(OjjL^JLjJI
xjJ^I jl^aJI ly^p LJl t ‘ I-X^
.[V^ 1 wJl ] kJUl J^-^^ vWy-J'
\>^p\j —^ Jb^*l ^*31 01 bj
J5^ JjVlfUit J Jp pil i ^ oUUULl l\ ^jjii\
^ mMlj^\ jj Uj.iu^l
^Jp ju»«J S^>LJl Ip
Aa\ «»tjJLP ^jA jJj 4jL jh^jJIj ^jjlJb ^ j^a^\
Ernst Bammel, ''Ex ilia itaque die consiliumfcccmnL .. ^ in idem. The Tnal :J Ai%i
ofJesu^p. 17
Helmut Merkel» Die WiderspiUche zwischen :J»A iU^p ^yi^c \^:\j^Jdy-
den Evangelien. Ihre polomische und apologetische Behandlung in der Alten
Kirche bis zu Augustin, TQbingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck)4 1971, pp. 71-91;
William L. Petersen, Tatian9
s Diatessaron: Its Creation^ Dissemination,
SignWcance, andf/fstoryin Scholarship^ Leiden andUev/Yoxk: Brin, 1994
Wdnsch, “Evangelienharmonie,” p. 628. j UUHTheAnte-Nicene J^Ji ^ JJUij Hope W. Hogg ^ l^yS\
u
jij^d\
Fathers: Translations ofthe Fathers down toA.D. 3z5% 5th ed., vol. 10, cd. Allan
Menzies; reprint, Edinburgh: T&T Clark; Grand Rapids MI: Eerdmans, 1990, pp.
43-129
<J^ Si\j^Z i*^^*1 Jl^aD 17 1
Ua S I I
w#•k y f— 4 • •
1'V | Jp
|"
…
Visotzky, Fathers ofthe :^Ll\ «Juk ^ J^\ tUiUt J ^JUlfj &JlUp Uj
.(W^r/dlpp. 81-83
°lA' J j>\z» Jlli Jl jyjj 1^1 \^j iLjt l\jW
^l/^J^il^ J1 5jLil Ut ^ Uj -cr11 ^'/^' £>^ #
U^jI 5J^>-t jjp
J.U4 Ai^ :<iB j^i\ m
cli^J) J^AI j <1 aJI ll\jyi\ •
( L^t 3j
lT3 ^ -?i•
t L>.jj tiujS/l ^l-uj
4>* Jr- J ^ ^IjJI J Lji>* 4>l pJj
•^U^OLiJl JLjP
^U- A>-^ jjJjUt^ ^jVl JrrUVl J? J ilij JjU
• •(>
•— , :
4
<>^) > y ‘5^ > J? : ^ •
WljyJl ij 1» ‘( jlaJI ^jj(xji-l j^jJI i>wi ^\ j^j) c(V * T j^l^ll ji^ J} Lip
LA .iwjS/l JrrllSM >-! U j>A t ^4J
^3 ^Vi <J| JiiJ •jU-t c^jJL
uh Cr4 ^,ap <i t5^' Jr^^* ^1 o^J U^b •
,
ji LjyJl UUU Jr5^1 yir^ 1 cr-^ ^ ^ ^ 4^ C!>
TheFourGospelsandthe One Gospelof:<Lp ^lil :* ^Lll ^U^Ji w i ' *vb^^/esw5 Christ: An Investigation of the Collection and Origin of the Canonical
Gospels, London: SCM, 2000, pp^ 73-76
Martin Hengel, Die Johanneische Fmge. Em Ldsungsversuch^ ^ ^yi ^UJi A 1<T >
TObingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1993, pp. 219ff.; Charles E. Hill, TheaJ .Johannine Corpus in the Early Churchy Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004Klaus Berger, ImAnfang :lcJU^ ^ ( ^ ^ /y. ^warJohannes. Datierung und Theologie des vierten Evangeliumst Stuttgart: Quell,
1997
n
^•iJl \S L^p J^l toliJU olx^i: ySM —y p > 4 V ‘ ‘" b > "
Ay IS J>il Jp J ‘ ^9 ^3i ‘| ^i lk j^; oaj xn : ) A y y^jji ‘(ri
‘1 io: > "S Ulv iiu i ”” ‘( :
(w ^o diL- - <m>) ^i ^i^ji aV ullldJ Uij J5>m)/I^ <J>i* U jAj — (o \ M)
h
Lj^/1
f iW cJj ja lJjS^ Ji 5^1 iA^i\ UUJJ ^Jiy Jizj
.u .^d Ij ( Y Y : Y o SflfU <11^
tjLJ)fl ^1 ^ Jj ^U| VI ^1 J1 ju^ ^l y( \r )
J p j ( £ ) |^j| j jjj|
n ) d v jj y# ( 0 ) ,
4<i ur*3i (>• cK ^ iX^ji\ ol Jii
{j^ ^Ul 4j^\ c-^-1 liSCft aj)1 K
°^io>VuUl<J ^ j
tUp vVl a^I ^1 ^1 ciJuVl U-l oJU
j^i tJ^LUl .^y^j ^jj| dldj! jl^u-L
:SK^fl
W ^—^n ‘\ ( y
( tr ).^ ^aJl JJ Japl | J, Ja^t V V ( Y Y )
).^t ^iji vS/if^ v
r>. V - vMi ^ ^vi^1^.juwUjro r Ui1^l >
•YV 'l L il
LajUzp
^ J (CHS 14-16
iij}\ U^tj iUJl Jl
isllJjJ Uij .(TA \n)
44iil yk oi ijjiilj cujUH jl^)(lm s^Uai 1
oJbl}l« ^IJLpV
ji iju d\s u-) vjjr ^ wiVTrutj j^ 4 W
liAi \ji\i^1^ jji i^i\ ^UI gi
frbt 4(^^ J1* J1 ^
Aaj^ t jUuj ^ •c-ikit ^j] J^J^ ^^ 4(^Ih1
Jl^pf O^L^aJ |t^it :p 4 «XlP <jS/ ilS^V 4JjJLm# ^^Ia jJ \S ^Jl
Y\t
^ r^ TU3^i
Y0
> j J LJl j ^11
\ *< •^>**d^^)^4^
i^jr^ i l^J^^j ^jA i^ll/ S>1p| J^i jVm^UjJI] i}j^
Bammel, : d J^ ^-
;Ltoil * ;ilL
.( *L^\ w»^Vl^ ) . The TnalofJesuSy pp. 36f
TU
r^-r' J? iiJbSfl Li-l
Uj^ J^Ul JbJl^‘ a^JJ ytil
(".(yuaioitjk^ui
VV :99 -7 -I -II l^U
Shamma ; i juil >;Uy^ ju +<”Friedman, MFrom Sinai to Cyberspace: the Transmission of the Talmud in EveryAge/1
in Printing the Talmud: From Bomberg to Schottenstein, cd. SharonLiberman Mintz and Gabriel M. Goldstein, [New York:] Yeshiva University
Museum, 2005, pp. 143-154
•
http: //jnul . huj i .ac . i I /dl/talmud^ ^%j\
ibbU ^; ; | 4Jl^f JJ ji\ j^(f>
Raphael Rabbinovicz, Diqduqe Soferim: Variac :^UJ» j^Ji jua^j ^ujLectiones in Mischnam etin TalmudBabylonicum
% vols. 1-15, Munich: A. Huber,1868-1897; vol. 16, Przemysl: Zupnik, KnoIIer and Wolf, 1897 (reprint in 12 vols.,
Jerusalem, 2001/02)
dJliH djH\ (YnV dj\S-jjLiy) t
•(?>
.^JLp vlJUJI 6^1 I T Jjl?
• Y ' tS^jLL^ vJTSRflb 1
5
•(?) i^JWI o^ilU^ ^jl^l :ebr487\9 .OlSwUJl
. \ i- \r O^iJI ii^LL- :ebrl08 .olS^UJJ
<>•m ‘5 bOI :.Heb95
\ta^^ja ^jUCsi :ebrl 10
.
\TA\ 4^^jl^l:130ebr, l^UJl
• G l jii\ ^jtpl Ebrl40 .OlS^UJl
• i OU j Opp. Add. fol. 23
. \ j \ i :heb. 1337
A djii\ heb. 671/4
• JLaJ l \ ^
fIjpSfl ^jkll :ip^jkil 4^UJ|
i i
( %iy^y0 ji» l>UL^ liii > aJL^j^\ XLilSJl |^L)I
AAn- • p
<iUil bjj l
J
jdl i}^i\ fail ci^5UJl iA liijj
Ut .jts^ ^}Wl jii\ j^\j\ L-JjjJLi ^^‘_J l ^ t<UUJI itjla>*ll
J^Ul Ji ^liw%AiJl 01 *jA JbJbJt l 4>ul 145Ip
…JbJl U ^;j|JjlJI LJI
^Ip 4jI%L)1 C-jU) Aj CJja\ ^iji (31^^ ^jA jsiS (J l|SJjS
J Oir^r^' Uii jff^ 1 f 5J^* -(^j-
' -UiC oJl^ U UU) w53l U t ^ Y^ir
Jp frUaiJI ilij j^i
:>: iJl Jp tA jt 1 iljjiM yJl &U11 ^J|
^Jl C L^J1/^* 0 A ^ ^viS ciiA tUp-V 4jPjJall ^.Jl Jj ^LUl
^ t/ uy^^l J-i J1 ^•>^AJ (u5 > ^JbJI
^ iildl 1 1 ‘:yu VW … d^!>ll J~_ j V—> Vj4 J^OAJ Jj tolU^kixil
J l^,?JtiLi
f 'lY Vi ILdbU uUii
? 1 d tr^J ) YV ^jjLS]
? k“ Ii<
pjJj b *
(Ja \ % A l)1^jU1I
•IJU^d! UYolS^UJl
U 1^ 1 (cr^
J
J W~?U d1 (crs1J) b 6^ >?lji lj (^^Jj) bU-i ^1 U Ja LLi
Yny^ui^a^u
? U WWj> >? (cr^J) b ^ I Ja 0^r*
(crrb W Ja IL 1.8-9 l^jjii
^Cri* i^^ T jj^Jj\S
? CTJ^) >? U ^ 1 (cTsb) 1 > UJ
u^^tiLdjijJIuljl^
U Vr^ 1 ‘1> ^ rr ^jLs\
ijjJGL j^I t 1 \ • A olSLjUJl
U S• 1 1 : ^^
Irf‘ J
ijjXL iwy 1 ‘ uii^ j^)i LL»
4 1 P l
U-1^ 0^U ^?V;• 1 4 bliM» ^jjJI II. 1.8-9 LJjjii
[
U
v?• ‘ ] Y jj^JjlS"
Ux 4 1^ 1
U V?^ ‘ Ji11 UU
TTT
4 Tt
*^ j] ‘I pM ‘ 1^( >J il/ j 1 • Ol^jiUJI
<V)[^UI
Sm‘AJ p ‘ J 1
‘ Lr4
0
jrr^y^
\±3
f'Y^UiLJIO^U
IjliM^Sh ‘^h £J I
bl^fS(U^L CJjJI
bU^Sh ‘ ^^ j
\j\^ ^i\ 4 /u-jJ-l
IjU- ^Sll t ^jAj rj^
blu- ^1 1 ^m^Aj rJ^\
0
II#1#8~9 LJjjii
Y tjjJjM
»Idi
JI> — ,
•«U4<T>
•c/yJ1 y…0 4 Mv3 1 ^^4<T>
u>*tXdjU)l ubltf
• ) j^/* ^JJlj TT* ji^S\
/j^Vl <J^Jlj ^tj^\ W A ul^Jliil
ot .(Jjjoj ( lA^a*Si ) lw ot^ll AJjJlj 0 a^4
•J^i t)^ (LftjA-iJ) ^/*
^1 ( 1^11^ 4iJlj UJLi
u%V^UI wji4Lii
4>t
•j^i ( L^)jL-^( (*^«/*
•j^w(U)jLj( |^* <•! II. 1.8-9 LJjjli
• (U)iLj (jA-i)J ^JjA ol Y «jj-^ij\S
.j^JL (Ia)^Uw - ^jXll ^ja ^JjJlj bJLi
JUI |^1211\^h_Y
u I Yuj^ljj \fUrZjjL//^jJ^Lf
TY
.^La-°>
)
Jl4 ... xUJ j\ ^1 JILj} OjC V l \ ^Jjja
Ul—> … 4J; lAjdoANot ;^^bJI .. # Jy Ji klLji l II. 1.8-9 LJj^li
U«i Ji4 … J | Jj V of Y jj^j\S
Ji» . . . XjUj jt dLJ V l
[ <i\jA ] ... ^Jj j\ <iLjJ dj^* V ! ULi
iuW ^UbWI
uji ^ ji•… jl•
im ^ 0 r ^… : j\ tjl bjjJ Oj^ N l 0 QJyjk
u^l] … jly Y II. 1 .7 Lj^ii
^^UJI^i Jt•…y jty iiu 0 v oUv
[w Jji] … lyjj jt UJ y d
[
V
]… ir I UJ V ol UJU
m
-r
] tY ^UbUli WY g£)^U
4—
1
41 ^^^[t^ tr^] 4'^U CH ^° C^J?
4
.^iXwI^iil L^Uu^lP^c^crr1 II. 1.8-9 LJ^^li
U) wuj giJ ^^1 ,
^^»Ul SjJ ^iJl U-l^^ UU
1 1 tY^Ul tfDjiii
Uli_ #i3l ^ 4;^ Y • ^jyuS]
(Sj^^ iS^ Crt cr^ '
'
# Ol^JUJl
ULi fjj^li\ ^ju\ ^iJl L^\j»ji ^ij4^^ lo>.|j .u#l ^iJ| L>- l^i^
u^^Y ^LdbU)!
0112^ UUjP ^1>-U- L <J Jli ^J t
0114 I^UaP ^U^l>* *aJ (Jli ^0 TWyw*
L J15 II. 1 .8—9 LJj^li
ttv
Obi^ Utup UU L <J JU
U !<) JU LJU
TtV
011 l^bup L j^UI Jli Y •
0115^ UbP UU <J JU U • OIS^UJI
\sJiy^C> LaUaP \j *^J Jll H ^ 9WJ
LaUmP U JL>-f aJ (Jli UJLi
tyW ^UUUll jJ)J^Jun
… ^K-Jl 1^1 Jli
• •• jl5 j^1«JlI Jli
… ^wJl j A^bJl: JU II. 1 .8—9 IwjjJi
… ^ I ct^jU ^: Jli jS^jL
… wJl M Jli UU
I IV
• _• j :!^JU Y • ^jyx^s\
…Jl jUa^jJLJlIJISP '• Ol^-UJl
TT
•••K^ tTJ ^o ^Jj^0
•• j>^i\ c/^jW i? i^JU-ii ju uu
3lj^Ut>U4 -1
(T) A: 1»\n^^ ca3\fYUwi 01314^U
fwa^uiboi^u
(Sj^^^ o^l ' rrv
^i^rj ^ >4 ' iijj^
•111^^ ^^JJli UrYo^Jj^bi
(T)A::iwbf
l^>JjL ^1 f^y^ja^JSJ Jli Y ^ > jl^jUJl
U^1?cM f-^
1? J J^i *U
ui' f^i J Jli jjU;
Maier, JesusvonNazareth, p. 296, n. 305 ‘ -'•
m
U •
IJ5j I 1{ <%i^J Jli
UU
JjH\
!W^ULiU() f^U
# Ul• W
U«^' WC^
TTV
b \^\a\a yyiy ^ aiiip
tV 2fbU i> I4^jU\(T) hx \ ^U iutrMT\tt
J| :a3 cJlii • * *
O)*) t^i r^'
(Y>U — … Y ^^^^
U 1i
-1• JUl J ^ ^ ^Editio princeps Venice^
UXL. Jt tr^ ^*u,^ J lC,^ ^ lEditio princeps Venice (
1^ #1^ … ym
U W i— … v ^ ^t^jyuS\
U y^ ••^ jjljri
[^jU Aji-w ,. t (jj^j
\SSj US*^U4^ ^... ^jAM
uYV^bbljljl^U
.^jiijJ 4^ … \0 iijjjjJ
• … j^i\ <^jaju
CP)*1^…f • • •
•
rrv
jj'Jri
Idi
Maierf JesusvonNazaKth, p, 299, n^ 358
.kJl^
tr>
\\x\u U uL^\u\Yt Y 00
(T)A:
d ^ ^i d … ^^ ^0
IjiX ^^^ <J * •• ,J^W 4*«J^jj! cA^i
• I fjXL ^1 ^jA cLUj^ 3J^-I I jJ^-\ 9 twJtS^r\LI i 4aa\o^
^I y <15* ULi
I tT ^UbUil
^Ji^ iSj^^ f^i '
^rji c/ (^^*3 0 *
^Tji k-^li i_5 /^Ul II. 1 .8-9 L^Jj^JU
^Tji t/ f^i Y oj^Jjtf
#—^ [m]
UM ltT 2udbUII
UjJI
i^\s [ j>^ ] ot \j^j^
fcp Uoil
Ij>-Ij \S [ ^r ] ut ^ J> ILL8-9 LJjjIi
JjJl
TTT
•i”»W* .4^>
1J 0 […] t^i Ja
]u_ I tT XdbUll
j^S/l i)\S ^j^>i^
•Ukit [••••]
•IaU^ j^bf I l?
C^Jr4
II. 1 ,8—9 LJjjIs
.uu jM\ b\s (y)[m jSji
[vcM lM <yd ] ^
m•u<”
- [???] /jl
[^^1 JJ^ Akill] bJLi
-A
Yov^UI^
lOY^UbUI^
g ^Ul 4 ^>
•
— ^ Y* • jl^Jli
U •
u
Jl \S iU,UI
XJjUI T
>^i ^c^J^l^Oid^
jj^Jl j 4 OwJ j i Af ^ ^^ .(JU>I 0^ ^>i 01^ ^^ Jl J SjLip U.UI
SjLaJI c5j"^Ul f ^ SjIjP • Nx ap vJbuU LLi OwJ (J iaii 4^
JUj jSf ^ U jji jjj IJL^Kj^ o^Ip^i? 0Vjl^>
4uy^> j^i ‘(iai ^^• ^ jii^ yii*
Sup v^^i u ^Si\^\ ji JiVl> j\ Jj^\ l^j^ v ljUVi
olt>>^U U>wl iiUI gibJl ^ •((>.l!Jl 0 JI d Uv Li
t lt^kiill yjiuu iSUlU ^I»Uil Jl jJl OIS* iijijJbll
l Jl j|w <J^Sfl .U^l dili Jju J iU^Jl JJ J»2i
^Ull olt>ill tj .LLUI L^aiiL^l JLJI J^iJt y. c^UJl^
•U^oSJ# JSLi t V U
; ^ ^jiS0 ^i <1) ^yuJaJ
^Uu} (OL^S/1 J 4J JI >- V) j
^M Ua
^Uu} (OL^S/I J <S JI >- V) SjLiJ i!^ "U-^Vr JjUI
^^ ^ Jl JiUt ^^JJI JoUj^Jl ^ t^c> V U>r ilaJl J \S ^oJl ) J.UI ^j^ai
Yr
4dljl cJ
( Y ). ^ c)j^ ^ <1^ *ol^yu«^
tiili^Jl JJ JiUU LcS\ Jtdjkll
{
yx^Ji\ J j^a
jj^ ajuai ^iaii 43131 <^)n^\9
^Ul
nu>^il ili^Jl Ji J!^V«> ^ v
(^ vliO^- ili^ C^y6 ^\U»
it
J
*l^aiu Ujjj iJljj tt 44iU Lt^
l\y^ jJJ^t ^Ip^I ^.vQiJ *i tili^Jl JJ
•U i1 ^i\s ^uli U.UI oik>>Jl! 6l i(AiU Jl
7 zan? pp. 13, 16, 63, 98,
1
10, 127, juu ; LU> ”
165, 173^ JWI J^iJI > J c fUU4 bUi iti^ <<”
fUJ1 c-5^ ^11 J4#J31 f
Ul^t Ji 4jUU^tl4 AoO UfUU J ‘ T^ f
U > ^!1*^ ^UJl JuiiJl )w W ^ JrUJ^ Ji fUlJ ^w jl
^ ^jy\iwU^ ^ i(vl^Jl
t
^
^
JUJ! J^uJl )1 tVtU^V '
# v ^dj i^U# Vl/^' ^ ^ VXj JjShV Uit Ma 15}iSX\ JJ JCji ii-aiJl bSm^ <#lir
j
jiJLj
«sw/i / Az^/^ p. 110^y ^Ui%4 : UiVl %J mj ^fpi (S i^^U#t Lu
" J^iJl)v ) fUl_
‘Sw^ 4 y d y Iw 1 bs^ih^f‘.Y Uit «uUJl UU • :;>UI UJM Jl U^iJI ^ v•
Ji^ JS^ \
1: 1:
3* ui W ^
• J^U faiVl
iiU tAjf d N l:• l^jtl ^c>-Vl IY
ij^s^ji^w ^u xp j\^y\ «^uj ! i p- j tjiUi jsj jjSn
Ai\ i. ftl>J ^^till juj^d\{yxfu JkJ» U j J ij^S
CJ uiUi J^JI iaii-—OJI JL^j • ji
‘1 _%d l (>iU«U .<J ^A4 N I«1a 4U^IjA ^3 ^jA ilu^Sj 4ilS
Lj5b* l^[p[ l^Cw U jJi it 0^ jC<w i^iJI ^JLUdl(_5
• 'r^l tT J4 ^
’
^r "iW ‘
Bibliography
Alaiid.
189-1%.
Alexaiiclcr, Diilip S..M11ic I listoricn) Selling of tlic I Icbrcw Book of Knodi^ //S
28 • )77. Pp, 15 1KIL
1 (Hebrew AjxiCiilypsc of) l%noclir in ()V\ vot ] Af>fKvlyptic Uleraturv
c/’K 1 (!nii: l)jrlcm» l igiiu &• Tdf ^llic lalmmlic C^iiiccpl of Coiijiirii
ig ( !Uir<ir TJihivim) iind (lie Prol>-
Icm of the Definition of Magic {Kishuf it) Creation and liv Credtinn in fex%^
ish IhintofU icstschrift ill Honor of /oxc/i/i Han on the Ovatsion nf his Sewntb
nth IMrthJay. eel. Kaclicl Klior and Peter Schiifcr* 1 al)iiu;cii: Mohr SicbccL
2005. p|x7-26.
iVmihissch, )cs Pclcr, "LXw Clirislcnltim in Iran mul %cin Vcrluiltnis ziim Z«r ii!^
, "Christians in Iriin," in The iAitnhrid^c Itistun of h<w. vol. I (2)r lltc St-
leucid. Parihiiitt and Sasitniun Periodx, cd. Kliwn ^arslulcr. C'ainlwiclgc: Cam-bridge University Vu^s, pp^ 924-948.
Assmsinn, Jan. "Millie and Tlicolc^ in .Ancient F45>|>1.Min Emixionin^ Afdgic: A
Princeton Svmhuir mul Syittfhishim, cd. Peter Stliiifcr unci Mans G. Kippen-
l>cri;% [xkidcn-N>\v Vork-Koli^ BrilL pp. l-lh,
Aiulollcnl, Auguste. l\9fixinmiin Utbcllau. i.ulcciac l^iiisiuniin A. Foiitcmoing,
1WH.
A\i-Voiuili, Micliaclf TUv /ciw of Palestine: A Politicul lliston9 frum the War
K/tkhha Wiir tu tha Arab iMitquesl 9 New ^ork: Schockctu 1976.
Banin id, lirnsL "Ex ilia itaque Jiv amsilium fvamwt . . in idcnu Vtc Triut of
fvsus Ctnnbridge Studies in tionourof C.K/X Mouk\ Ixmdou SCM. 1970.
pp. 1 1-40.
Biirncs, l imolhy OiivUI, "Conilanlinc and Ihc Chrislians of Persia^ fl<S 75 f
\9H\ pp. 126^1%.
Hcckcr^ Atliiin I L. "Bringini; »hc I Iciivcnly Academy Om\ i» l« K irtli Approaches
to llic of Divine PctIai;o^ in the liasi Syrian Iwdilionr in //mivn/y
Tir
Hihlio^ruphy
livalms and Earthly Realities in l^ite iXitiique Kc%i ir.v% e<K Kiuiimit S, Boustaii
iiiul Anctic Kccd* Cambridge: Camluidijc UniverMrv Vtcs\ 2CKH, pp.
\ 7^\<)\.^
• l lw ivnr of iUnl und thv of Wisdom: 77i^ Sc/rcxi/ of Sisihis ontl
CUtrisiuut Schoiuxtic iUithinr in I Aite Antique Mesn/yittUiiini. DiiliKlctplii i llni-
uf IvitiiiH
Bcckcr* /Vdiim IL. tncl Auuellc Vosliiko Recd # ^liiliocliKiiinir in Ihc Wux^n that
Sc\vr Parted /cii% and Chrixlians in tdilc Anliquitv anti the Kar/v. Middle ^es.
cd. A.II. Bcckcr aiul A. Vasliilco Kcc<L#
r bingcu: J.C.B. Mohr [\\m\ Siclnrckh
Bcckcr^ I lanv)<irgeiK Aw/* tier Kathcdru dcs Mow. liahhinisch^ha^h(*isL^^
l^enken uuJ antirahhimschc /W(#mr(r m WuttUUm 25J-12 f Berlin: Inslilut
Kirclic unci Jiulciiliinn 1 W).
Iicdjati f PaiiK cd, f Acta Stariyrtiiu ct Sitnctontnu vols. 1-7. Paris «»iul 1 I hir-
msMrnil/, 1890-1 S97 #
, / iisfoirv de Sltir-luhitUilui^ de tn»s outres patriiirvhcsm c/f
n»j pritrv vt <lc deux
Uiiqut^ nvMiorictiM. I«cip/ig I liiira^MHvil/^ \b9S.
Bciiijcr^ Khim# tm An/iifvi* war /u/iaiiixx DcifiVnitii; utui T/tw/«ijic dv* vieriett
QiicIL I 7.
Bcrkmvilx, Belli A. % Execution and tnwniion: Death IV«d//y Hrmiur^ in lunlv
Uahhinic and Christian Cu!turv% 9 O.\fori): Oxford Univcrsily IVcss, 2006,
Bel/, M iii\ Oiclcr» ccL. The Qlrwk Magical Pafyyri iii Tram!atiou: hiviudin^ ihc
Hanotic S()vl!s. Chiaigomul U»ulau: Univeniily ofChicago Press. 1986 •
Ki\TinrAUi\ 9 Shnott Ktagux uric/ J/e c/im/Zrc/w Molir
(SiclicckK 1^74.
Biekermam Klia&.MKiliiaIinarcl unci K&clsktill. Kin Bcilnti^/iir CW^Iitclilciin^
Piil>lt/Ulikr in iik-iiu Sliic/i«^ iti Ivwixh ami Christum llniorw 2^ Liculcii:
Brill, )9809 pp. 225-255 (original puh1ic;itiuii in MCtVV/ 7l t 1927).
Billctlteck. Paul.
|^CItU50
t 6f>-80.
Boviiriii Qerinli mchiqt|t.uct 1\vs\mr Ttirhiz 47, 1978^ |>|». 249-252^
. f€^ Oud Murlynlom and the Alcilriuij of CUirixtianity ami ludaism^
Shmr<ir<L C/\: Slaufonl University Vrcss, IW).
BrmiiK Oikiir, Aus^ewiihite /\ktcn Vvrsisvher Milrtyrer. MU einvin Anhunu OsbsyrischeH \liinchslchcn (mis deni Syrisclicn <ibcrset/t) 9 Kcmplcii iiiul Mutiicli:
Kdscl. 1915.
HibUo^rafyhy
Brock. Scl>asliau \\. review of C«cmul Wic^sner, ihitcrsuchun^vn zur hyrisdwt
IJtcMtur^vsch^ i lournal of Theolt^ical Studies, ns.. VK I%S, pp.
>09.
.
MCI»risliiiiw in the Susiinian Kmpire: A Case of Oivided l•clvallic^
#
in RWi-
imj SationtsI hfentity: l\ifK§rx livod ai thv \inctccnth Sttntntcr Sivetiu^
and t/w Tnvittivth W hiter Mcc/ifii; of the i\txU\si xl^ I Iw/urr NwiVh% vil Shi-
arl \Icuv Oxford HbckwclK l%2. pp.
• "Some As|»ccK of (UccL Wtmh in Syri.icr in iilvtu. Syriav VvnfKxhves on
lAilcAntu/uit)\ Ixuulon: Viirioriiin # lc>S4% pp. 8JUIU8.
Hrncly, Kobcrl.#
')iulai\in in llic S^oani.in Kmpirc A Ca\c Shuly in Kclii;ii)iis
CocNisIciicc " in trunu-ludaicu II: Studivs livhthn; tn jcuish Contm ts irif/r IVr-
( f/imw /mi" " \ 1•Ic-rii^ilcm: Va<l ll/hik lk#ii^/vL IW0 t pp. S2-62.
Urowiu Onu.0
Hte Da Vinci Ok/i\ New York Dmil>lccliyft 200^,
Broun. Kiiymoiul 1^., Thv Heath of the Mvxsiah: Fmm Ccthxvmitnv lu the Clru\e;
A CoirmreiiMnwui the Hussion KarrativeH in the ihur C^%fKis9 New York: Don-blcdiiy, IWt.
Afv^lo^ctisvhe llncfv h l\tnthvtu-Stddd^»u^hptcx: HiirivutumotitvH
CJnixti untcr /ucArii line/ IlciJen^ Berlin, 1875 (rcprinlcil in idcniwW Utcratur
imj CfVMchichtc. Beilin and \\\ Kiicdricli. I«cip/.ig: 1885).
C^avMin. UnncK c<L and trms.« SvUxteJ Satires €$f I New VbrL ;md
Norlon* 1962•
Chadwick. Heim, tram., On^ii. Coitlrn Cambfidj-e: Caiubfic^c Uni-
\ cr\ily Prew, IV>^.
C«nhiit I laiiiu lUv Irint oud Ocuih of jivun. New York llar|xrr snul Wo\\\ 1971.
Colm. H;iim llciiuaiiii, and Ixmix hmiv Kiibincmil/. Xiipilal Puni?111111cnl#
in
\\l % \«l. ^ Jcrn\ilciii: Kclcr% 1971 ,co1^ H2-H7,Cook. IoIiii ( riiuger# Vw bUvrpntoliun ofthe OU Testament in C rea^lii$man Tu-
^mrwif/riibiiii>cii: Molir Sicl)ccl # 2(MH.
OcivMiiiiiin. Adolf. ^Dcr Name l^illl^llcfa ()rwnttilUlw Shttlicn Th. SnMvkc
nun Siebzi^sten C^hurista^ \^l 2 f CicUcn: A, 1ci|>cimiiniu IW6 t pp. S7U87x
.I.icht vom rXfcii/rikhiiigcn: Molir (II SiclKxk). 192^^
Kisci»mciu;crt jolianii Aii<Ik%w # Eittdwkics ItidaUhaitt. inter Ghindtidwr und\\iihrhitfftvr IUrricht9 uvlchcnicstafi die YvnttKktv /uc/eii c/iV UiKhhvili^v Owv-l\hiii kvit. i u(t Viitvr. Sohn uttd Hvii Ccisl 9 ersvhrcvklivtwr \Yvisv iiintvnt umivvrunvhrcn. die ttcil. Mutter Chrisli verschi$iiihcn. t!as NVnc TeKUimcnt. die
YtO
Hihlio^rtifyhy
Eviitii vii»ten utnl Api^tchi. die clinxllichc Religion sf)iitiisdt durdtziehen, und
die ianzv C^hrixtvnhvit attffda% Oussenie wntchten und rcrlhtchcn !•tank-
furl mu M iin. 1700.
Rilk. Zccv, "QciS lu(Lul) ini^Iblctlol Vcslm/ ** 7ur/iiz 1^78. pp.
Miivscr* l^avicK /wii.v in Svthxlzeu^nisacfi und HitJdokwiwttlcn^ I laniburg: RowohlL
.
. ")cmiC#
in: K/* veil. 10, Jcriisiilcin: Kclcr, 1971, c«>K- 10-H.
iTciidciibciijcr, Rudolf. "Die dclatio nntmtu% cattsu ^c^cn Rabbi Klicscr 1>cu
I lyrkaiins^ Koife inientationah Jes dmits Jc Funtiquile. >id sex.. 1 5. I%8, pp.
I 19.
f^nednuiiK Sh;imiii;i9 "Kmm Sinai lo C
a
bcrsp;icc: 'Hie TrunMniwmn of the lal-
nuid in \\wty in rriu/ing the Talmud: l;ntnt lUtmhcr^ to Svhnttcnsinin. ccL
Slmron Ubennun Mint/, and C!ahricl NK GnUlsIciu, [Nov York:] Vcsliiva Uiii-
\ ersily Mitscunn 200>, |>p. >4-
l^nc* Riclnm) \./lhc t listtfry ofAncivnt lran m Municlt: 1%^-
Ciiifni # Kaiali \1. t Ihc fvws of liahylunitt itt the Ttilmudiv Era A Htwiitl anti Cu!-
tura! I tisUir\\ JcmMilcin: Ziitiiiiiii Slmziir Center for ]cu isli I 19^0 (in I Ic-
brew),
.ftt
Coucc|>h of Pcrimli/iilion and Cmis;ili1y in Malimulic hilcraturc " /ctriK/i
Uiston 10. W)(\ |>|>. 21-^8.
. ^ILihhinic llislorio^mpliy«iiul Ucprcscnl^lioiiN of the P;isir in CUimhrid^i
C mfutniot$ to Rahhittic UieraUtre. cd. C* hmrnlicrl iitul NK Jaffee (forllicom-
C«ai>ford f cd.9 l\nnphili l\ptKa^pi Caesuriemis l\ci iue Prophet^
vac. 0\f«ird t IS-12.
C>aii\diinicl/. R.f "la r in IVmAi Rca/4uitWopiWiV Jer Ctawischcn Altartums-
uisiufii^haft. Nciic Bciifbcilun^ l>cgoniicn \ on (#cor^ \\ isk«nva # • . . hrsi;. v.
Wjlliclin KioIL Sich/.clmlcr I lalbband. Slull^irl: Mcl/lcr. 1C)H, cols.
C>iirlncrv llam9 ^Minuciiis l;clixr in Dar Kfeine Pauly, ijcxiknit Jer Attlike. Mil-
uicli: IXuil licrT:iwliciil iicl vcflag,
CJcro* Slcphcn, lie SUtii Ma%lcr and Hi% Wanvard OiNcipic: A *)cmis#
Sion* in
llic#
l 111111id and in Cliristian ll;ii;ioi;rti|>liyr /N7 2> % 1W4, jijk 287-^1 )»
CtilliiKiii. lain ;iml I l;ins-|<iiiclum Klimkcil, ilhristium in /Wu hefon IStH). Ann
Arbor: Ihiivcr^ilvnf \1ichi|;iii IVcw IVW.
Hihlio^raphy
Ciii/I>crg t Ixniisi, ilinzc Svhcchfer: Ccnizah Studies in Memory of DtKior
Sofomon Schechter, vol. I : A Vnlmsh urn! I Ut^/jdalu Nciv YoiL Jcu isli M licolog-
icmI Sciniiiar> of Autcric^ 1928 (rcprinU New York llcmioii. l%l)K
(il<i\vrf T. K.. c#<L iiml trails.. TitriuHinn c spcvhtvuUs. Ixinclon
William I Iciucinann: Ciinibru^c. MA: ll.inard Ihiivcrsity IVcnn. I9>>.
(»UII)cri;. Arnold. "Schopfung mul (tcsdiiclilc. Her MidniMli \»n den Diiu-cn.
die v<ir dcr Welt crscliaffcn \vurdct»r ludaica 24. IW>8, \i\y 27-44 lrc|niutc() in
i<lcni, Mysiik unj Thc^lns ii9 des rahhinischen /iic/ciifimw. Cvstiinnwlte SUidicn
I. vtl Margarclc Sdil(»cr and Peter Sdiiifcr.#
r hiiif cii: \hihr Sicbcck W7.pp. H8^I6I).
(^oUlsIciin Morris^ Jesus in the fewish Tradition. New York \141^11{|||||. 195(),
Morilz•//”•1 876.
CiilliiumtU Alcvamlcr. The Si^nificjncc of Miraclo lor 1.11111udic JmliiiMiiv
IttiCA 20. ,)|>. V1UIU6.
• Shulies in Rabbinic luJuism. New Vink Ktiiv. 1976.
Haeckel. KiiinU Oic WeltfiHhxcl. Cenwhm-ntunM^^^ SiuJicn ii/vr \tutiislisdw
IViilasofihic. Kniil SlratiUf 9tli cd.t 1 W).
I hiculc, S. t Coc/ifV/»/c Jer fuden im clivnu/figcn liirstaUunt Amhach. \«llsl;<mli-
^cr Niiclulmck dcr Aus^ibc v<m 1867 hcnrlwilcl mui mil tincin Schhi^
ivi»rlu.i;islcr vcrsdmi vo" llamium Sii
(Ba\(Tischc |iU)i%clic Sdiriflcu^ ) I.
Il;irinuii. A. cd. iiml trims.. tjtdaiK \ol \ Caii»l>riili;c, MV iind IxmhIoii:
lli ar(i lluiwni> Prt 1921 (rquiiit 2<KHh
I l;ifh)ianii f AiiIoii Ilicodor, //i<nrn AtnlrvitH iJH9wncnijcF tiuJ seine iiidischen
Cv^twr. in ^vschkhilkh litvrarixdwn b.riirlvmn^vn kritisch bcIeucItM. Parcliim:
Vcrla^dcr D. E. Ifinstorffscficn tiiiclilimtdlung, IS>4.
I lcni;d. Marlin. Cnivifixion in the Ancient UVir/c/ and the l olly of the Mcsmi^c ofthe (lrtiss% Ixmdou: SC'M; Pliiladclpliia: Korlrcss, 1977.
• The Clwriswatic t^advrand His I htinwvrs, Ncu Vurk: Crosstnml 1981,
. Die Inhamwischc l:ru^ Kin Uisun^crsuclK IVibin^cn: JX.B. Molir
(PjiiiI SiebceL),
— . SUniicH in Eariy Clhristoio^}% Ktlinl«ir^i: l C^lark. IW?.
. ihe t our Cmfwh and the One CUkxfwl of lestts C/iw/ Ail ln\extii$jtion ofthe Cnlkxthn ant! Origin afthe (nfmimui/ CU^fwis. binclon: SCM. 20(H).
m
Hihlio^rafiliy
I IcrfnftK#
lr;ivcr»« ( J/irfViciiii7y in Talmud and Xtidrush^ l^mdon: Williams Nor*
giik\ UWn (reprint Ncnv York: KUiw 19751 .
I Icrr, Moslic DjvuL ^Ilic llisturica) Significance of llic l^iuluguc^ Ik#I\\ccii Jewish
Sai;c!v;iiKl Rotttati Di^iiilark^r f lam 1971, pp. 1 2VI SO.
• ^Icfiwl lia-hiMomili cl/cl lla/air ill IhtKcedin^s of the Sixth WoHd Cotb
^rvs% of Ivwihh Studies, vol JchikiIciii: World Union of Jewell Sliulics. I1)?/.
pi>. 129-H2.
I fill, Cluirlcs Iv. 7/ic /o/niiinirie Corfiti% in the Ettrly Church. Oxford: Oxford l Jni*
veriily Press* 2(H %
I lorhiiryf William^ ^TI»e *t rial ( Jesus ill Jewish IVadilionr ill Ihe Inal of fesus
Studivs in iioiiour f#/* CJ :AX \h)uk\ cd Krnst Bminicl f l-oiidon:
SCM, 197(l|>p. 1IH-I2L
. Jewx and Chnstitim in CsunUict ond CUnitrorcrsy. Kdinburi^li: T^l* C#1aTk,
WKI Iniliy, Kmt. OiV Stellun^ tier jitdtscfwn ClcxetzcsMuer zur wcnlvndcn Kirvhe9
Zrtricli: VfrUit; 97L
IsctklKrri;, \Vc4cy WM ^Ilic Oospcl of Philip (II. >) " in 77?e S i Uiimmaili Uhntry
in K»i^/iWi,c<L Jiimcs M. K»htiiMni 9 S;m Francisco; IhiqK% IW). pj>.
|a\tic»u\ Milieus, A l)ic/ion<in4 of the Titr^unwn m the Tuhnud \\ahli and
\cnt%htihnK itnd the Midruxhic Utcrotum^ Ncu York Panics^ 1950,
Kiilmtin Riciuir<l %
MCliri^ltiii» iiiul I Icrctic^ in H;ihhinic Ulcralore fif I ^ilc Auliqu^
iurirmHT. iw % |>|k i>5-i6.
, Huhyloma: iktwwn l^nia and Ufutiun Paleslitu:. Oxfmd: Oxford
Uuivcisily Prm (ill prew).
King, K;ticn# The Gttspcl ofMary of Xlat^lala: jesux and Ihe l:ir\l Uiri</ii
Saiitii K<isii t C^A.: I^lchrtd^c* 2(UI>.
KlaiiMicr # |ovc|)li f Yeshu Itu-SoUri. JcriiMlem: Slilili), 1922.
, lcsu\ of Saztirvih: Uh Ufc. Times, and Jeachtn^ iu\m. Herbert D<mln.
Nerw Yurk: •921
Kolliiii-l ;rtnni B Niiomi« (cuish-ClirUliaii Convcrvilion in l*onrlh-Ccnliir\
Persia ii Mc&po(jniia t
H//S 47, l
c)%# pp.
Kraus« f SainitcL Jews in flic Wmks of llic Church Fallicr^r /QH ^122.1 57 6f 1894. pp. 225-26K
'
f Ouk tAhcn Itrxu nach jiidisclwn Quvtlct^ Berlin: S, Calviir>f
. 1 V(i2,
Kiilm f Kiirl («cor^. Achlzchn^ehel und Vatvrunscr uud der Kcrni t l iihiimcn:
J.C.B. Molir (Piinl Sicltcck). 19S0,
Hiblio^ritfyhy
Imihle . lciiiricli« /t• v
IlillKllllllg, 1891,
l« iiitcrbiicli, ]«tcol> Z. § Essays. Ciiiciiniiili: I lehrcw Union (>>iU:t;c View.
1951 (rc|>riiiU New York: K\aw 1951 )•
Lcvcnc. Dan, . . ;itui hv the inline of )csiis . . / An Unpublished Magic Hciwl
in Jewish Ariimiiicr ISQ (k lW9 f pji #
. A iUirptts of Sialic Howls hicantation lipxts itt lewish Ardnwic from txite
Antiquity, [.oitdon: Kc(;iu P»ioK 200).
LteHcriiuin« SauL ^Konuiii Iwcgal Iiislilulions in KuirK K tl>hinics and in the Actu
Martyrumr /Qii ha. ^5, l«W/4>. jip, 1-57.
M;iicr« |»1iaiiiu Ivsuh van \f
az€treth in <lvr talmudischeu DariUNtiuh:
\ViM sdmftlklie B“cl 1Mrll^rliafl- IWtS.
# liUlwhc Auxvhiundvrsetzuitg wtt tlcm Chmtattunt #»i c/^r AntiU\ Oann-
sladl WiwcnAcliuUliclie BucligcscIUcluifL l%2-
Mcclfulircr. Rudolf \I<ir(in v in Vci/mut/i% S«v ihssvrtatio Vhilotouica
Pnnr/l\isieriorf De m /fici^ in (fitibuK per TaltnmliviiH i\tutlcvUifi jvxu cujusilam
mcri/in injidtur. Alklorf. I6W.
Men/ics v Allan. a\.. The AntcSicvnc Fathers: Triinshtlions uf the lutthcm down to
XIX 525. ^tli edition^ \ul. \(). reprint K(lin)utn Ii#
I ^#
r Chirk; Cratut Itipick
Ml: Kcrilinau% IWO.
Merkel, I Icliiiul v Die \VVVrr»/>nic/»4?rniH^ dvn ICviiilije/icii. I/iiv p4iivniisdie und
afnAo^ctisclw IManJtun^ in Jer 4 \ltcn Kirchc his zu Augustin. IVibiii^cn
|-CJ^ Molir «Paul SichcckK 1971.
\lcrkclbacli« RciiioUl f iiud Maria liilli. c<U., iMfnisax. \u\i;vnm
ithltc Vafivri
rcli^Uisen mu/ nui^isvhvtt fn/id/lx 9 vol. 2 % Ophidcn: Wcslilculvclicf Vcrla^
Mcl/gcr. Bruce \\.. Thu Early Versions / thv \W IhcirOris^ht.
nussioiK and ijwitdlioiis,, Oxford: Clarctuloiu l(/; /.
MicliK (oluiiin '"Kiigcl II ( jucliscli)^ in R\(,\ voL 5, Stutti;uft: IlicrMriiiiiiu).
I Wi2. c U* 60—c>7.
Moiilgomcn; James A.. Antmaic hicantation Text% /mw \ippttr. Phihulclpliia
UuivcrMh Miimmiiik 191 V
Morunv. Midiucl G. w
4i
Mai;ic aiul Socicly in Uilc Savmiaii in Vruy^r.
Slusiit\ and the Stars in thv Aitcivnl atid t Aitc Antique Worlds Scull Nuc^cL
Joel Walker, atu\ Brannon Wheeler* Uuivcr&ih Park: PcntisyK111141 Klalc Uni-
\crsiK Pres%* 2(H) pp. 8VI07.
Bibliography
NuvcIl Joseph, )iul SIkiii) Sh;ikcd % Amulvh an<i Mo^iv Howls: Aromaic InctmUb
thms afl xitc AiUiquity% }cms^ Magnes; jihI [x;i(Icii; Brill, UW5.
Ncusiicr» Jacob, A History of the in llahvlonia. \o\s. 1-5, Ia;k1cii Hrill,
1967-1970.
. Eliczer Hen liyrkunm: The Iradition and the Man w 2 veils., l^klcit: BrilL
11
.
, Ihe Ihscfla IramlaWd frtmi the Hebrew. Vifth n/vixiim: QtHloshhn (The
()rdvr uf l loly Things)
,
New York K\aw 1^79.
. The TaUnml ofthe 1 4ind of Israel: An AcWc#ifia\C^iiiiiMcii^in, to the Scctmdf
9
ihirdf uml 1011rih \ymsi ns9 vol. 26 Yerushdlmi IravUitc Ah>dalt Al-
Ismlii. CiA SclioUirs Press* IV99.
NiUscli. F" viiiv Ikilie talmudisdici uiul paUiMiwIicr TiiiiM ^
wclclic sivh ;m den inilWcrslaiulciicn Spiitlnuincii Hvu-I\tndiru ^kniipfir The-
filo^ischc Studivn uitd Kritiken 1 1840. pp. 1 1 5-120.
Odeberg, I luyo, ? Enoch: or. Thetlehnn%* lUntk ofEnoch, C;imbric1gc: Caml>iidi;c
Univcrsilv Press^ I^ZHfrcprinl* New Y fk: Ktiiv, I97>).
Piirisot. J., lfatrut iui Syriacu l:L Paris: KinuimDkloU IS94.
Parrott. NK, cd*, ^llie Gospel of Manr (IK^ 8502,1)^ in The Nr
dij Mumi-
iiwJi Library in lln^Hsh. cd^ James NL Robinson t S;m Krancisco: I laq>cr, 1^0,
pp. S2^>27.
P;iUerson % L.. "Origin of the Name Panllier nMfounutl n( Tlmtlo^kai S/wJ#c.v 19,
W1S. p|K 79«8(l
Pctcncn f Willinm 1411ians Oiulcxxuntn: Us Vreatiott. nissemmofinn. Sitinifb
evince% and History in Svhuhtnhif}^ Iicicit.i ii :nu] New ^<irk Krill, 11^4.
ii» TKK32, 2fU)h |» 6554,5
Ral>binovic/.» K;iph;icl N., Diqduqv Soferim: Variav t^ctioncs in Mm71111mi et in
7Wmii</ •/ Mmtidi: A• lii!R r» 1 8-1KS6: v»l. lf>,
Pr/cmysl: /tipiiik. Kuollcr aiul \V«lft 1W7 ucprinl in 12 \o\s.. |cniMilcm,
2001/02).
Hcincr. Klclianun, "frT ui | )luia to Jesus: Thel mnsforinalion of a Bihlieal Slor\#
lo ;i (4>cul Mvtli; A Cluiplcr in llic Religious l«ifc of llic («a)ilciin jcu^ Shoring
the Sitcrvd: Kc/igwiux amt Coiiflids in the Holy IaiuJ. ilrst^nficvnth
Centuries Cl^ ctl. Arich Kofsky anti Guy C- Strmmisa. Icriisiilcm Viid l/.h;ik
BcnZvL 1998. pp. 22 >-271.
Rcmlall, Gerald I L. cd. and lnms. t The Octiivius of\larcus \thwciux ictix.
don: William I Icincinmin; Qinibrklgc\ MA: l liinurd Univcrsilv Press. 195^.
Y
Hihlio^uiphy
Richardson. Cyril ccl. aiul Iraiis., Karly Chrisiion luthcm. v«L I , Pliil;ulcl)>liui:
\V‘.slmimkr_ 1951
Robcrls, Alexander and James Doiuildsom vds. m UwAntc^kvitc lathers Transla-
tions of the lathers ilowit in AD. 525, Amcrtcnn rcprinl of l!ic Kdintnifi^h edi-
lion vol. 4»C:rmuH<;ipUk 9 Ml: Kcrtlm;uis I%1).
Rubcnstciiu Jeffrey L., Thv Culture of </ic iiahyloniitn tiitnnul. Hnlliiiiorc aiul
Ixuicldii: 10111is Hopkins Uiuvcrsit)1 Prevv^ 200
KnhiiiLicu ic/» R\H/arct "ApcH'alvpsc of AI)r;iluim %
Min (XtV, vol. 1 A/)c<i/v/>/ic
/ "r<w • Dario"•”…aii &6H1-705.
• Pclcr, “Zi C;i(-I“chls ffj ties
pp. 167-I84S (reprinted in idem. Studicn zur (fVhxhichtv utul
<Ivk Rtihhitiistlten liulvniutnh. I^iden: Brill, 1978. pp. 2V4-4).
—— .
"BiltMin II. Iiiclciilum/ 7KK 6, 1980, pp . 6V)^4 .
, Synofysv zur UckhaiotAJteralur.#
lul>ingci>: J.C.B. Molir irml SicbcckK
% /)cr Har KakhhihAufstaml. S7iic/iVn zum znviUut jiidMwn Kries^
JX'.B* Mohr (PjiiI Sicbcck)* 1981.
.4,
\li^ic and Religion in Atictcnl )u(laisin t in KiiriMmiiiiij Static: A lyrhuv-
ton Seminor SynifH^siunu c<L Pclcr Schafer mid llaiiv CJ. Kippenbefg. Ixri-
clcn-Nc\v York-Kciln: Brill. 1997, pp, 19-4^.
.
"
#Krom Jcrii«alein llic Great lei Alcxandrui the Simill9 P
llic Rchilionkhip
bclwccn Palestine iiiul K^vpt in llic Gr«icc<}-110111 ii 11 Periotic in The 'iatnntd
Yerushahtti and Clraea^lioitwn Culture vol. L eel Pclcr Scliiifcr. TiU>iiu;cu:
NlohrSicbcck. IWS.pp.
. The / /iVf#n% ufthv /tm\ in the ilwcthlirmum World, l/mctou and New Voik:
Houlled^c« 200^.
Schmid. Joluimu leuri^r DrachcibCiffi und ()Uvm^lali. Aiigsbiirt;, !68^*
SdmlciiK Cfcr\li<inn Majnr Trends in fewish MvstiusitK Ncu ^Virk: Si liockciu
1%I <rcpnnU
Sliakcd. ShiiuK "Zoroaslrbn rnlcmics agaiusl Jews in the S^isiiniiiti ;iml Lliirly Is-
Isiinic Pcricxl" in Irant^udaka It: Sttnlics Uelaiinii (0 fexvish Cnnttnh with IVr-
sian Culture thntu^huut the i\i en. eil. Sliunl Shnked ;iik1 Aniiion Nclzcr,
Icruulcin Vac! It/JuL Bciv/vi t I^X), pp. 85-KH.. ^VUc Pocrici of S\k\\s: Uingtiut$c and Slntclnrc in Anunuic liic;mtaliHi»
of l^ilc Antiqiiity 1; The Divorce Formula «nul Us R;iinificiiliousr in
Y \
IlihUn^raphy
Mesf^potitiniun Static: TcxtuaL Uislorita!. and lntvrf>rvti\v VcrsfKxtiws. ctL
"l/vi Abmdi and Kiircl van clcr loonu CWonini;cn: St\*\ f lW> t p|>, 17^-I^S,
« "|cmi% in llic Magic Howls Apru|Mn Dan I a:\ciic\ \ . . jihI In llic imhic of
Ivsus . . ISQ 6. IW). |>|).
Sliiwcr. Michaels cd- St. fustin Marlyr: niuti^uc \%iih Tnpho. \un%s. "Ilioniiis B.
KilK# rcv# and iiiliocl. V. I liilluiKW i\liiniUiin HC: Qilliulic Uuiixrnily
of Amcrkra Pfcss. 2<)0 .
Siuitlu Miirtoiu Icsus thv \tdt^ivuin9 S;m rraucisco I larger Kem* lc)?S.
Sok»)off# Micliiicl. A i )ic/i«ricin, nf Jenish Vuli^liniiin Aramaic t!w tiyzunthte
PvriiKl. K itiut*C#un: Bar Uau UnivcnUy Vtvw. IWK. A ttf fcivish liahyloniun Aramaic of ihv TiihnuJiv and {luoniv
Pcritnls, R;uii il-(pan: Bar llan Ihiivcrsilv Pro% t 2(M)2.
Slcml>crgcr. C»iiulcr« Kiii/W/iirig in lalmud uttd \tidrawh % Munich: UccL IW2*
Struck. I lcriii«inn !.„ \vsun. die l tdrvtiker mic/ die Christen mic/i Jen iilicxtvn ;V«/i-
schvn Ait^jhetK lx*tp/it: ]. C. Iliiiricli%sclic Bucliliaiullniii. 1^)0.
Slrack. I Icrmaim L. t um! W\tt\ Billcrlnrck* Krimmcii/<ir zmit NViurn uim
Tiihmtd miJ Midrast h, voK I: Dm lpWutii^litun noth Malthitu%, Miniidi: Beck.
1922.
Uiii;cr» n niimc J. v Imuv. M. Irviiiiffiix of Lynns the Itvrvsivx. rev. John ).
nilloiK voK ] # h(H>k K New York aiul \l;iliusili 9 NJ: 1W2.
Urhaclu Kplirjim K. # ^lloinilic^ of (lie liilihis on llic Prophets of llic Nnlions aiul
llic Hal;uiiii Sloric^r Ttirhiz 1955/56* pp # 272-2H1) (in I IcbrcwK
——• The Stipes Their Concepts and vo). L Jcru^iilcin: M;ii iics t 1979.
\cllri. v.#iiisc*|)|>ct M«igic uric/ thUiklia. Ausiiize r<i ciitcm cirr/^iriw/rcii Wt%-
seuschaftxhet^nlfmi nf}ii(antiken und frUhmiltclalte^^ ludcnUun.#
rikbiut;cii:
|.CJ^ Mohr <\\m\ SicInrckK 1W7.
Vcnncsf fesun ihe lew A Hhtorians Rcutlhif of the iltMpels. Pliiliiddpliiii:
Torlrcvs I9SL
ViMil/ky, lUtilmi "Ovcrturniiu; llic Limp^ //S ^8, 1987, pp. 72-81K
. "Miirv Mimlliii Ihe KibhiNr ill Itilhvnt of ihe World: Essays in
Ruhbiniv and l^atrixtic iJtcraturcH. Tiihii^cn: J.C.U. Molir (P;ml SictwckK
1995. pp. H^)2.
Warlcllt% Amlrc* c<L* SuiiU lustin: Afy^o^ivs. Paris l9«iuclcs .Aii^uMiiiicuncSt I98T,
Wewers. (tcrd /V. Aiyk/<i 7aim. {UHzvtidivn\l 9
v
nthiii^eu: JXM^ Molif i\\nt\
Siclicck), I%0.
lUhliography
Widcugrcn. Geo. " ITic Slalns of Hie Jews in the Sassaniaii Kmpirc* in iranio An-
tiqua.xol ) t cd. K. Cliirshnum and L Viiiulcn Berthe* UU\civ. Brill, l%l,|>p.
117-162.
Die Rcli^hnen Iratis, Slallguii: Kolilliamtucr. l%>,
\Vicscli<ifer, JowfT Ancient Persia from 5>0 HC to 65U/U). bindcm mu] \Cu Vork
I. B. Tuuris. I%6.
Wicssucr, Ck'rnot« Untvrsucfningvn zur syriHhvn Litcratun;vsvhi(htc l 7mt A/^r-
(yreriifKrJivfenmo aus dcr Christcnverfnl^un^ Sclwfjurs //, Vaiulcn-
hodc Ruprccht, 1967.
Williams, I Vaiik, trails.. The i\niuri ti of Epiphaniux nf Sahnnis. Iwok 1, sects
1--I6. Ix!idcn: Brill, 1987.
Winter, Piiul, O/i the Trial offesus. Beriin: tie CJru)1c*r, I%1.
Wiinscli, nic»rich,MKvaiigcliciiIiiirni«iiicr 10, 1982, pp. 626-62^).
Vuviil. Israel J., I'wo Nations ht Your Womh9' Perccplions of amt Chrisfiam,
Tel Aviv Am ()>cd, 2000 (in Hebrew).
Zdllin. Solomon. "Jesus in ihc liarly Tannaitic Lilcriilme' in AbfuwJIun^ai zur
Erwncn$n^ an Uirsch Wrez Chaics, Wien: Alcxiiiulcr Kolui* Memorial Foun-
dnliom Wy t pp. 295-^08.
0
V
\r
wrv
r
'v
vv
0
m •…"
\rr
mur
YTN
YiY
aaJ2a
••: ^21
AaMa
:
ju ^jji a
)
4ibJl JuJbJt (r)
si (
0
… ••• • • • : I ( 0
(V)^1^ (
ublJyij
^^• IJLS.
c-^U. d!AiJ ‘V* ^Lw ^SX Jj^Jl cL. 978-9953-88-762-3idSBNJ^jU
L^\ SXiJi jp ^^SiJLI UjjJ Ojlu ^oi Vlj ^JLdl.
jb c^JU. ia^j^ ^ki U • jUL| ju> #<a tlfustj
. 978-9953-88-760-9:(ISBN)^
^Jai l \ i tt/ru jLLi jlp jiLjaly toU ju^t#
‘ —JUr o^UJI ‘V. vlU^
• 978-9953-88-76 6:(ISBN)
n ‘^j^i
j
j ^^ ^ 4 ^ | j—jUcijijw4 C-jJU- ci^UJl tV* lLLw
• 978-9953_88-764-7:(ISBN>
j^j .,> ^ ^ JJ i^yJl ^p\s ^ ^UiUC-JU- ci^UJl tV • vilw Jj^Jl juj)j^ I^Jlx> \ U^S3|
. 978-9953-88-763-0:(ISBNh»
jj 0 d : : *ji^b (UyAjtV • iiiw 3jji\ii^j^ ^Jai \ ^ ^lw iljj
. 978-9948-88-757-9:(ISBN)^ ^^ c^U yjJi
^ i all^1 4^1VWI ^UJl.^ptdLJ^JlI
C^U O^UII ,V dlw ^. 978-9948-88-7756-2:(ISBNb»
icjjA^A 0 iV • •• c3j iie^ji^yA ^ia3 AP^%i^9
. 978-9948-88-752-4 :(ISBNb/ jU
‘(<^3 j !) VI 4^1 1 Sll —J.
i ^4JL« O^UJliY 1
(aa5^^ iJsu<« ^
.978-9948-88-751-7 :(ISBN)^jU
w- c5J^IJI dU^I S/i ^ SjpUVIs?J^ilU
c^Sl>- o^UJl cV • vlLw (3j^ 4ia^»y> xki
.978-9948-88-750-0 (ISBN):,
oU>•u5 l I JJ 1‘1 Jl ^ J Jl—
•
o^UJl dLw^ Jj^Jl ^ Wic4Jlk)fl ^. 978—9948—88—749—4i(ISBN)^
^
jL c j2a«
*?: __- : jJ Jj^Jji ‘ 4JjjJl i^S idt <J^JlI9
(3 Jl ‘lx^ Jai V •) :JU^ j
Tdl
978-9948-88 (ISBN),/ AUJuv dU
•748-
^ 4j^Sfl v!jU)/I djjSi\^d\^J i^ijJI cj\S>1
978-9948-88-747-0:(ISBN) >4 >u!i‘v
C^iU. O^UJl tV • Jj^Jl4
^lai jjJL^i
• 978-9948-88-743: (ISBN):» ‘ci
jU-l xp ioU^VI-ol^rjdl4^IjoJl ioUl^VI :^pUII J Jl
c^U ^\ 4V^ dLw ,/L ^ 5^ AU^^… ^ ^ ^ ^AU^j.978-9948-88-745-6
: (ISBN)^^ ^u)||
‘
tV • lw (3 cJa««yjk V•978-9948-88-744-9 :(ISBN>
‘ Vi3^ j ^Jl
•978-9948-88-743-2 ••(ISBNX>»
ijji\ \ no ca^Vl^ .d i^oali jiyji ^ j^jji oijubJLI#
978-9948-88-(ISBN) ^ jU c^JU*- ci^UJUv • ^sx
.742-5
TOY
lJ!)U3UV • dlw •^
. 978-0-9921030-3-3(ISBN) ^ c^U
^ dji .Us S^^Jl Uil j U>JI
978-0-9921030-:<ISBN> > dJLw ^
.978-l-927946-02-2(ISBN)^ jU 40
%A C^Jlsr ci^Uil 4V • iiiw cJjjJUAu-j^* ^ki iAVi^li
.978-0-9921030-1 -9 •:(ISBNbjS jl
Tt(^>u ^ <iaU-)/I
978-0-9921030-6-4:(ISBN)^/ jU
Ll^hflL^I/JI.J^Vl jJlxll &UJI#
ijjjiA k^S[^ o^UJl 4V * dl• j Jl 4Ja*^ 4 ' ' •
.978-0-9921030-4-0:(ISBN)^jS1 4 J J1 JlVJ 1 —
J
1 ^••
.978-0-9921030-8-8:(ISBNb/ jU o^br^UJl
\ 4^UI ^1^ Uj .t4 I (IU«
^ c^l^- ci^UJl ^V* «iLw Jj^ll
•978- 1-927946-0 1 -5:(ISBN)
# Uj UjIt
•4 ^ 4] Jj< 4 | *j
978-0-:(ISBN>3^ jL c^Ur ui^ill .V dlw ^•9921030-2-6
4 —
J
: i # t> I ).
/Jai t<>ii^ £ i J^Jl ^Ji
A c^SU^ ti^UJUV •
.978-0-992 1030-7- 1(ISBN)
YAO 4>uJjl jUj^- ^JUJ^U (3S^Ul0 ^ SXS^ 45Xt«
^jAjka v-i^Uil 4V • lilw<_5^U Jj^Jl ^iai
.978- 1-927946-00-8:(ISBN)
vV! ^$^111 J^/sJ.1 oUjoJI ^.V- *11^^ 4Ja^jU ^ki Tr^iJwS
•978-0-992 1030-9-5:(ISBN^? j u>i^SA4
Ji« ^!^ |
Oi-jSl^- cJ^LaJUV • <ilw ^ai i^ul^ JbH
.978-0-9921030-5-7:(ISBN)^^
J^OJ 4^-j u Jj^j t:U 4^i )l Ul^JcLl ^t 0 • *iiw 0^1* >U (3j^JU A4 ^5 ^ai 1 • i^p \uL^
.978- 1 -927946-14-5 :(ISBN) yj^ ^J!
978-1-927946-04-6:(ISBN) jU
978-l-:(ISBN)^ viJLw^•927946-05
^y 4(53j^ ^CJ J U 4i-^a3I
,# (3 JUL m 4 pSt jj£jS\
•978-l-927946-06-:(ISBNh/ d^ c^SW
.978-l-927946-07-7:(ISBN)
> UO JU J4ui^iul iV • t VA‘
.978- 1-927946- 1 5-2:(ISBN> ^jSjl
JjJ iujiJjil ^ lPy^ uJJtj ii^jc
.978- 1-927946-09- 1 :(ISBN>
Yl ‘JUwl ‘ 1^1 j daij Ua
J^i C-jJU- 4V ciU—»
<3j^JI tia-^yu ^Jai A^ii^
978- 1 -927946- 10-7 :(ISBN>
^j^l\ ^ xu 5Jb iU\^\ l^ JI^JI ^ ^i iP\j bUi*
Oj^ll t ^3 l^> r l • jU-l XP ^
978- 927946-:(ISBN) / uJ c^br uit>UJUV* dlw
• 11-4
tL A •‘ W 4pL*)M J olS^sU b *
978-l-:(ISBN “ —^ uji dU? JjjJi
•927946-13-8
^3 1>%a^p X •• ji^S\ ^ ^ 4 (Sjb)/I — AiyJLI) L^LJl 5JjjJ|.
^ ^jA^» C-JU- *J!)U]| dlw(_^L c3j^>
.978-1 -927946- 14-5 :(ISBN)
^ki \rA v^Li JjJ ^USj iiJUJl
^ d ^• —Ar J ^‘V* JjJl
.978- 1 -927946- 14-5 :(ISBN)
' ^ i<i[AjJ\ ^!lijJI oLb^II ^ ^4iil (jw U
^ c^l>- eiSiJl cV* dlwc5$X (3jjJl ^Li
.978- 1-927946- 14-5:(ISBN)
^ iV jsu -4ijj L^ji yb
^ jk ci^UJl iV* sIL^m JjjJl ^ki
•978- 1 -927946- 1 5-2:(ISBN)
iJ I ‘(J Jl Jl 3^1 iU JI d c5 Jl
^Jai a»Jlu» 1 ‘ t yUa^jjJl iJ 1
-
^» yUa^jjJI 5J J
^jS jL CuJjAAA O^Jl 4V • JtL^M ^ iix^iyA
. 978- 1-927946- 19-0 :(ISBN)
VAi JA \^ijS ((|^Ji}| J gjliVl i3l oUUIlj \jj^ •
jL (wijJbm cV • iisuo^U
.978-1-927946- 16-9 :(ISBN)
00 • l ^ JU^ 4<bU]tj ….978~i(ISBN) ^jS jli c ui^UJl ‘OjJL• *Ui t5j I‘
• 927946-18-3
• jjssTjJi i^yb * j Sjjjj^ii j m jj iu i.
iV 1 ilLw» ^k5 4>iA^ \T£ ^OtJbJ
•978- 927946-28-2:(ISBN) >/ 4J ^
iO^Jr ^*Ut jy 4*1^ 4
jL 40 ‘V • «iJU^ (Jj I ^ai \A
• 978-1-927946-27-5 :(ISBN)
Ojyj-^ 4^U 5jJb ‘^ji^UiJI J[ ^• ^L^ll jju^ j iJJI
^SsS <9%.Lx> ( (1^^ai A^mJL^ TW
i(ISBN) ^jS o^l>- tV* dJU-^ ciwji*
.978-1-927946-26-8
r jJjl^ cjLil? ‘^Lu# 1 i)j^4)1 1 % u^ja)I «up (JLULflJt
jli 40 ‘V • uilwi
.978-1-927946-25-1 :(ISBN)
JLi <hjL)bs?
xJjaaj^ c-^U ci^UJl 4V* dJLw^ Jj^Jl ^i^Yto
.978-1-927946-24-4 :(ISBN)^djC ill“ 4Jfc ‘ I Jp ijjJI
^5^1; <3jjJl 4 Jxm«
^
1* ^lai 4»»a^»Y ‘^T* ^^4*1 :^3s^J
•978- 1 -927946-23-7 :(ISBN) a, j ^iiw# c-^
