FINAL EXAM

2. The process ______ involves fitting objects and experiences into one’s schemas?

a. accommodation

b. learning

c. imprinting

d. assimilation

D

1. The rules for arranging language symbols to produce new meaning are called?

a. syntax

b. telegraphic speech

c. grammar

d. none of the above

e. all of the above

C

3. The conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world is which of the following?

a. schema

b. egocentric

c. object permanence

d. conservation

e. critical period

A

4. Young child’s inability to understand another person’s perspective?

a. schema

b. egocentric

c. object permanence

d. conservation

e. critical period

B

6. The pursuit of furthering knowledge about a topic is considered to be which type of science?

a. Abnormal Science

b. Applied Science

c. Experimental Sciences

d. Basic Science

D

8. Reinforcement schedule that results in consistent high productivity:

a. Fixed-ratio schedule

b. Variable ratio schedule

c. Fixed chain schedule

d. Variable-chain schedule

B

5. The majority of psychologists study what?

a. Abnormal behaviors and feelings

b. Learning and memory

c. Everyday behaviors and feelings

d. None of the above

e. Normal behaviors and mental processes

C

7. These type of psychologists deal with topics related to teaching children and young adults?

a. Social

b. Educational

c. Developmental

d. Community

B

10. Operant conditioning focuses on how reinforcement affects

a. Involuntary behavior

b. Voluntary behavior

c. Reinforced behavior

d. Variable behavior

B

9. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of punishment>

a. It does change behavior

b. It may cause fear of the punisher

c. It can produce unwanted side effects

d. It may suppress but not change inappropriate behavior

A

11. Two types of social learning are

a. Behavior modification and modeling

b. Modeling and cognitive learning

c. Latent learning and operant learning

d. Shaping and modeling

B

13. _______ memory hold auditory memory for one or two seconds

a. Episodic memory

b. Ecohic memory

c. The primary-recency effect

d. Chunking

B

12. The things you have in your conscious mind right now are being held in your

a. Long-term memory

b. Working memory

c. Sensory memory

d. Semantic memory

B

14. A multiple choice test may bring out knowledge you might not be able to show on an essay test due to the process of

a. recall.

b. recognition.

c. confabulation.

d. interference.

B

Which of the following is NOT a unit of thought?

A. algorithm

B. image

C. concept

D. symbol

A

15. Relearning is a measure of both declarative and __________ memory.

A. procedural

C. eidetic

B. reconstructive

D. episodic

A

Who first proposed that children are born with an innate capacity for language?

A. B.F. Skinner

B. Benjamin Whorf

C. Noam Chomsky

D. George Miller

C

The theory that stresses the role the environment plays in motivating behavior is

A. instinct theory.

B. incentive theory.

C. drive-reduction theory.

D. cognitive theory.

B

When a child speaks in sentences but leaves out articles, prepositions, and parts of verbs,they are exhibiting

a. linguistic relativity.

b. direct speech.

c. proper syntax.

d. telegraphic speech.

D

If you are motivated because you think you can succeed and your goal is worth a lot to you, you are illustrating the __________ theory.

A. drive-reduction

B. expectancy-value

C. self-actualization

D. competency

B

What are the three parts of all emotions?

A. drives, needs, wants

B. physical, behavioral, cognitive

C. intrinsic, extrinsic, behavioral

D. social, physical, personal

B

According to Howard Gardner, the type of intelligence involving skill at fine motor

movements is

A. spatial ability.

B. body-kinesthetic ability.

C. logical-mathematical skills.

D. naturalist intelligence.

B

One of the major ways of measuring __________ is to determine how well a test predicts performance.

A. test reliability

B. test standardization

C. test validity

D. test norms

C

The __________ was originally developed to help diagnose psychiatric disorders.

A. MMPI

B. Rorschach test

C. Myers-Briggs test

D. TAT

A

Both the SAT and the ACT measure

A. aptitude.

B. interest.

C. achievement.

D. Learning

A

B.F. Skinner’s approach is popular among psychologists because it is pragmatic and

A. objective.

B. action-oriented.

C. subjective.

D. introspective.

B

Children whose parents __________ will gradually come to value themselves for what they are.

A. are self-actualized

B. show unconditional positive regard

C. exhibit self-centeredness

D. are emotionally stable

A

Traits that Raymond Cattell considered to be at the core of personality are called

A. surface traits.

B. secondary traits.

C. source traits.

D. common traits.

C

Which of the following is NOT considered an active coping strategy?

A. relaxation

B. denial

C. problem solving

D. hardiness

B

The level of stress a person feels depends on his or her

A. mood.

B. appraisal of the situation.

C. general outlook on life.

D. cultural background.

B

Which of the following is NOT considered a source of work satisfaction?

A. coworker relationships

B. comfort

C. challenge

D. autonomy

D

Axis II of DSM-IV is used to describe

A. physical disorders.

B. developmental disorders.

C. stress levels.

D. adaptive functioning.

B

In the __________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the person finds the means to cope with the stressor and to ward off adverse reactions.

A. alarm

B. fight-or-flight

C. resistance

D. exhaustion

C

General symptoms of __________ include breathing difficulties, faintness or dizziness, nausea, and chest pains.

A. phobic disorder

B. general anxiety disorder

C. panic disorder

D. post-traumatic stress disorder

B

People with dissociative identity disorder usually

A. suffered severe abuse as children.

B. experienced a strong blow to the head.

C. were malnourished as children.

D. have physical illnesses as well.

A

__________ schizophrenia involves delusions of grandeur and persecution.

A. Catatonic

B. Paranoid

C. Disorganized

D. Undifferentiated

B

Symptoms of __________ drugs range from nausea and “the shakes,” to hallucinations,convulsions, coma, and death.

A. tolerance to

B. withdrawal from

C. addiction to

D. dependence on

B

Which of the following describes the primary goal of psychotherapy?

A. overcoming one’s problems

B. establishing positive relationships

C. gaining control of one’s life

D. understanding one’s way of living

A

Which of the following is NOT included in Robert Sternberg’s triangular theory of love?

A. commitment

B. intimacy

C. friendship

D. passion

C

A(n) ________________ is minimally involved in group decision making.

A. authoritarian leader

B. laissez-faire leader

C. democratic leader

D. transformational leader

B