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3 centuries of political fragmentation = Rise of powerful, aristocratic families Northern nomads became Chinese Rise of Buddhism and Daoism among the elite Migration southward toward the Yangzi River Destruction of forests

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Regained unity Canal system extended 1,200 miles Linked northern and southern China Ruthless emperors and failed a military campaign to conquer Korea

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Tang = 618-907 CE Song = 960-1279 CE Both established patterns of Chinese life that endured into the twentieth century Golden Age of arts and literature

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6 major ministries Personnel Finance Rites Army Justice Public Works

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Censorate an agency that exercised surveillance over the rest of the govt Examination system was revived to staff agency Central feature of upper class life The great families of large landowners continued to encroach on peasant plots continues to modern times

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Song Dynasty = the richest, most skilled, and most populous country on earth Rapid growth of population Tang 60 million to 120 million in 1200 Population boom due to fast-ripening and drought resistant strain of rice from Vietnam Most urbanized country in the world Song Dynasty capital Hangzhou = 1 million Restaurants, inns, schools (Marco Polo)

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Canals, rivers, and lakes stretched for miles creating immense networks for trade Technology printing, shipbuilding, gunpowder Industrial production soared Armor, arrowheads, coins, tools and bells

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Tang women in the North participated with greater freedom in social life than in the Classical era. Song reviving Confucianism and economic growth encouraged more restrictions and submission for women Confucian writers = keep men and women separate in every domain of life Women viewed as distraction Foot binding beauty and delicacy

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Pnf1 S8uhNg&safety_mode=true&persist_safe ty_mode=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Pnf1 S8uhNg&safety_mode=true&persist_safe ty_mode=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1dt_ DYPFJg&feature=fvwp&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1dt_ DYPFJg&feature=fvwp&NR=1

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The growing number of elite families increased the need for roles as concubines, entertainers, courtesans and prostitutes. Reduced the ability of wives to negotiate as equals with their husbands. However, property rights expanded and women could control their dowries. Mixture of tightening restrictions and new opportunities for women

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Two Chinas = northern nomads (barbarians) and the middle kingdom A system was created to manage Chinas relationship with these people Known as the tribute system, it was a set of practices that required non- Chinese authorities to acknowledge Chinese superiority and their own subordinated place in a Chinese- centered world order.

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Delegation sent to court Ritual bowings Prostrations Present their tribute In return, the Chinese emperor would grant permission for them to trade in Chinas rich markets. Emperors regulated relationships with northern nomads and neighboring states such as Korea, Vietnam, Tibet and Japan. Xiongnu Manchuria to Central Asia Turkic empires in Mongolia

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Under the Silla (688-900), Koryo (918-1392), and Yi (1392-1920), Korea generally maintained its political independence while participating in the Chinese tribute system. Tribute missions to China provided legitimacy for Korean rulers and knowledge of the Chinese court life. A new capital city Kumsong was modeled on the Chinese capital of Changan. 1000s of Korean students went to China where they studied Confucianism, natural sciences and the arts Buddhism quickly took root in Korea

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Chinese models of family life and female behavior gradually replaced the more flexible Korean patterns. (Confucian model took root) Developed hangul alphabet Korea remained Korean

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Borrowed heavily from the Chinese Confucianism Daoism Buddhism Administrative techniques Examination system Artistic and literary styles

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Maintained political independence while participating in tribute system. Regarded by the Chinese as southern barbarians they were ruled by the Chinese from 111 BCE 939 CE. Signs of resistance to Chinese aggression Tang dynasty finally enabled a large rebellion to take root in Vietnam and establish a separate state. Rulers styled as emperors Claimed Mandate of Heaven Chinese court rituals Chinese based examination system undermined an established aristocracy to provide for social mobility for commoners.

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Distinct language Cockfighting Chewing betel nuts Greater role for women in social and economic life Female Buddha Variation of Chinese writing called chu nom

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Never successfully invaded by China Their extensive borrowing from Chinese civilization was completely voluntary. High point 600s-800s CE as the first Japanese state began to emerge from small clan based chiefdoms. Set out to create a centralized bureaucratic state.

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Shotoku Taishi (572-622), an aristocrat from one of the major clans launched a series of large scale missions to China taking hundreds of Japanese monks, scholars, artists and students. 17 Article Constitution proclaiming the Japanese ruler as a Chinese-style emperor and encouraging both Buddhism and Confucianism. Emphasized the moral quality of rulers as a foundation for social harmony

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Chinese based taxation systems, law codes, govt ministries and land administration. Nara and Kyoto (capital cities) were both modeled after Changan. Over time, the Japanese combined what they had assimilated from China with elements of their own traditions into a distinctive civilization.

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Political differences no centralized state Local authorities developed their own military forces=Samurai warrior class was born. Exquisite curved swords Distinctive set of values Great skill in martial arts, bravery, loyalty Honor and death over surrender

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Buddhism never replaced the native beliefs focused on kami, sacred spirits associated with ancestors. Shintoism and Buddhism could survive side by side.

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Women escaped the more oppressive features of Chinese Confucian culture. Began to lose status with the birth of the warrior class/culture. Modern Day comparison: http://country- facts.findthedata.org/compare/12- 82/China-vs-Japan http://country- facts.findthedata.org/compare/12- 82/China-vs-Japan

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylWO RyToTo4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylWO RyToTo4