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The Ethnic Bias in Recruitment Examinations for the Civil Service inTaiwan

Ming-Ching Luoh

Department of Economics, National Taiwan University

This paper studies the effect of recruitment examinations for the civil service onthe concentration of Mainlanders in the public sector, and tests the ethnic se-lection bias by comparing the wages of Mainlander and Taiwanese governmentemployees. First, in the Senior Examinations (Gao-Kao) and Junior Examina-tions (Pu-Kao) held between 1950 and 1961, selection was based on a provincialquota which made it easier for Mainlanders to pass the examinations and be-come government employees. Second, the Special Examinations for Veteransbefore 1982 had very high pass rates which increased overall ethnic biase towardMainlanders. Finally, regression results using data from 1979–92 “HouseholdIncome and Expenditure Survey” show that, for those born between 1925–36,Mainlander government employees have lower wages than Taiwanese governmentemployees and the differences increase with age. This is consistent with the ob-servation that the recruitment examinations are ethnically biased for the cohort.On the other hand, for the cohorts facing unbiased examinations, those bornduring 1947–49 and 1950–60, there is no wage difference between Mainlanderand Taiwanese government employees.

Keywords: Recruitment Examinations, Government Employee, Ethnic GroupsJEL classification: J45, J71

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