ΑΡΘΡΑ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΛΕΤΑΙ ΕΠΙ ΤΟΥ ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΟΥ ΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΥ

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- 1 - Ιωάννης Μ. Ρούσσος ΑΡΘΡΑ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΛΕΤΑΙ ΕΠΙ ΤΟΥ ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΟΥ ΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΥ ΥΠΟ ΤΟΥ ΔΙΔΑΚΤΟΡΟΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΝΕΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΑΔΕΛΦΟΥ Μ. ΡΟΥΣΣΟΥ TWIN CITIES (MINNEAPOLIS – SAINT PAUL), MINNESOTA, USA 2015

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. TWIN CITIES (MINNEAPOLIS SAINT PAUL), MINNESOTA, USA 2015 - 2 - & : 10 - 12 13 14 20 22 [ ]27 27 31 32 ) 32 ) 33 ) 34 ) 35 37 51 54 54 : 55 : 71 : 74 DVDs80 , 81 : 83 : 97 , Testimonium Flavianum, . 116 , 121 : Refuting Missionaries, Hayyim ben Yehoshua() I 144 144 1: 148 2: 176 206 206 126 .. 212 213 - 3 - . 213 215 216 220 ( = ) 224 229 232 233 236 241 Debunking the Laws of Moses, Joseph Wheeless ()242 ( )242 . 255 259 262 266 267 270 271 272 274 276 278 279 279 280 281 Ex post facto ( , , ) 282 Ignorantia juris non excusat - 284 Lex Talionis - 284 285 L envoi ( , )288 290 296 ( Clarence Darrow, 1929) 298 -300 302 302 303 310 313 - 4 - & 317 320 Sigmund Freud323 324 332 337 : , 344 ...355 ()369 369 370 375 377 382 387 387 388 390 393 393 394 395 396 397 [ ]398 [ ]399 401 401 402 403 404 408 (Quaesitor)412 414 415 415 , 416 417 , 418 , , , , 419 422 423 , 1 Pascal 2O Chesterton424 - 5 - . 424 432 457 458 ( ) 464 464 464 466 : ; 468 472 473 480 483 , 491 494 : ; 496 , 500 506 508 511 548 548 : 552 555 556 558 : 559 , , , 561 562 565 , 568 574 , 576 577 578 , 579 579 583 : ;586 589 594 596 - 6 - & 598 599 603 605 611 616 , 617 629 629 630 630 630 ( 1994)632 .633 633 633 636 :637 .639 641 645 645 645 , : 656 660 665 667 668 670 674 677 684 . 685 , : 691 698 , , ...727 736 741 744 - 7 - . 746 746 (. 120 . 175 ..)749 749 752 752 752 754 755 755 758 761 766 770 775 775 778 779 779 () 780 () 780 () 780 () 781 783 783 784 788 790 792 794 796 809 , 810 821 822 825 829 837 - 8 - & 837 837 ; 838 838 838 838 839 839 840 840 840 ( ) 840 841 841 842 842 844 845 854 855 : . 856 , 859 , 862 867 874 876 876 877 877 878 879 880 882 883 886 887 890 892 894 - 9 - . , ()895 1o, , , 896 ;921 .921 921 : ..., 44. 948 , , 950 2, : Leuven 952 952 953 953 954 955 957 1: 960 962 : , 963 : 964 IV: 966 V: 967 VI: 968 : ;974 VII: 977 981 Testimonium Flavianum981 3, , , , , . 983 989 Casimir994 - 10 - & , ,

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[ Russell, Why I am not a Christian, .., Michael Martin (editor), The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, Cambridge University Press, 2007, 5 9-12, ..]. - . ! , ! . - , ! ,- , . . ., , , , . - - , - ! - .., : , ..., , , , , , -.( 2 x 2 = 4!). , ... O Russell . , . , , . ,,, . - 30 - & .,- , , - . - . : , . -, . . Russell , . . , , , , , , -,,(7000) . : -!. ! -...!. , - . , - -, -, .(),- . , , -, , . - , . - , : () -., , . () , -., . , - . () , 2 + 3 = 12 2 + 3 5 12. - - ... Russell, : - , -. - 31 - . ,,-, ; ; ; - ; ; ! , ,- -. Of all the tyrannies that affect mankind, tyranny in religion is the worst. , . Thomas Paine , . - . , , -. , ,,,,-, . -,- , . ; , , ; ;;-; , . , , .. , , , , .. . . Bertrand Russell . , , - -. - 32 - & ) 1) , , - . - : , -, 6500 ! .. (-: 5: 14, 6: 23, 15: 22, 45, 11:3,2:13-14,, , . .). , , , ,,,, , . - , ,6500,. -!(;...!). , 2000 -. - ... 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( + 363) . . -, ,! - 43 - . - . ; . , - ... , . - . , . - 150 . , . . , , .,! . , -, . , . : , , , -, ,,.,. .+476 ! , -.(!)EdwardGibbon (1737-1794) ! ,-(..: , , , -,2000,.,,, 2003,,,2005.). , ! - . - 44 - & . , -. ! !- ; ; ! . , - . , 3 , - , - . - . - . - -,, ! ! --.!.. , ,17+180,-,!, , . . , - , . -. . .. :-, !. (99-55 ...) (De Rerum Natura)! , , , , ,(divifiglius) ;!, , - , -. . , , -, , .., . . . - , , , - - 45 - . . . , ! , , . , -,,, , . , , -(+218-222) , , - ;! , , - . , . -., . -., ! (: - !, Ortrud, - Lohengrin Richard Wagner.). - ! -. . -, 3 4 , !, , , , , -,, , . , . , , . -. , - - , : . -!. -, , - 46 - & !,,, ! ! 150 -. .. .-,. ., , . .,,-,- . .., -(..,...).( , : 19: 9-10, 10: 11-12, 16: 18, 7: 8-9, 5: 5-16, .). , - . , , . - . . - () , - . ! ! , , . 250 !, . , . . - , - 47 - . . . +326 , .+337-. 2, !, ;!- . -,, ! , , , , . . , ,,- -. : , , , , , , , - , ( ) , , , -,,,,,,, , , , , , - . , , , -!, 1600 ! - . , , , ! ! . .., - +313, Gibbon , - 4 , -.- , 1 10 %. 3 %. -! (,,,, ..) -. - 48 - & . .. 4: 12-13, 5: 1-5, 12: 21, 4: 28, 2: 2, . - -,,., ,-, . -[ (;), 16: 14.]. -. . - 1700 ! -;; , -- . .- Bertrand Russell. Russell . . . . , -, , , - . - ,. . . - , , 1700 -;-, , , 3: 15, ( - 1: 24, 10: 30, 16: 24, 19: 22, 21: 15, 38: 3, 6, 39: 7, 12:12,28:15,287:16-17, ), -,,, , . .-, ! - 49 - . , , , . - . . - . -. ! ; ;,,6000; . MaxWeber, ,..,Gu-tenberg,2002,R.H.Tawney,ReligionandtheRiseofCapita-lism, Transaction Publishers, 1926-1998, -, , , ., . -,, :... (civitasdiaboli ). - . ,,, ., : , , -,, , -.- , , , , - . .... ( : - , 8, 10-22, 13: 1-7, 2: 2-3, 3: 1, ..). : . -,,, , , , () , . .. , ( - ), , ,,,,-, . ,,-- 50 - & ,, ! : 3 2 ... , - , 1, 2 3 .. : , ,,,,-:-(,,,-,,,-,,, ,,,,,),-,-(,,,-, , , .), -,,,,-,-. . 1 .. , --.,4 ..,-,. ,, , , -, , , -, ., , .. ;. . . : , , , , , , ,,- . , -.,,...- ...; ; F. Nietzsche-! : , , ,, , . - 51 - . 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(551 .). : , . ( 185.). :,. ( 182.). : .. . ( 184.). 564..., , , , 2000. - 79 - . 565.,, , 2004.566. , , , , 2003. - . 567. , , , , 2003. 568. , , , , 1999. 569.,, , 1999. 570. , , , - , 2000. 571. , 1821 , , , 1995. 572..,( ), , 1993. 573.,...,, , , 2007. 574. . ., , 32, 1869. . . 575.(),, , , 2003. 576..,,3 , , , 1997. 577..,.,,- , 1998.578..,.,, , 2005.579. , , 2005-2006. 580.,K,, 2001. 581. ., , (), 1991. 582.,(RobertAmbelain: &, ),,59,1989.(- , .) 583.,, , 1999. 584.,, ;, 1991. 585.,,, -. . , 1995. - 80 - & 586. , , -. . , 1995. 587.,, -. . , 1994. 588..,,2, 1984. 589., , 1962 - 1964. 590.,, .591.,,, , . 592.,,, . 593.,,,, T 9 10, 1956-1957. DVDs: 594.A Brief History of Disbelief 595.Apocalypse 596.Archaeology Mysteries of the Holy Land 597.Christianity, The First Thousand Years 598.Christianity, The Second Thousand Years 599.Egypts Golden Empire 600.Sigmund Freud and Lewis Clark 601.From Jesus to Christ 602.Galileo Galilei 603.History of Disbelief 604.Inside the Vatican 605. Jesus 606.Lives of Jesus 607.Monkey Trial 608.Peter and Paul 609.Pharaohs and Kings, A Biblical Quest 610.Religulous 611.Secrets of the Pharaohs 612.The Forbidden Goddess 613.The Kingdom of David, The Saga of the Israelites 614.The Riddle of the Dead Sea Scrolls 615.Who Wrote the Bible 616.Zeitgeist - 81 - . , - .Bertrand Russel - 1 .. . - , , . (1) - , - , . - . . (2) -, . - , . . . - , (= , ), - . (3) ()-. .-. . -,- . - -.- . - . -. - , .- - . ,- ,- . , , - 82 - & , :,- , . !. ., , -, , , . :- , . -,,- , . . ,,- , 150 , -. ,, - . , ! , .: , , , ,:: , ,, , , . - , .. , , . 21: 25 , ', . .. , - , - ! -! : -+70..+95.., , . - - 83 - . , ; , , , , .,,,,,,, , , (, , , , -,,,,,,,-, . . .), ; , - ; ! 16, ! - -,-, . [ : ,, . . ! ! - . , , -,,. .,1:1-17,- , , . - . ) , , , - , 1: 17 ,-, ., 3 x 14 = 42 . . [ :! !;, - 84 - & , !]. ) ( )! , ! -, , . , - . (),41 42 ( 41 = 42 , !). ! ! ).- 2 3, , - , : , - ,, . , -, . . )1:10-11: , , , .. , 21: 26, 22, 23, ( , 33: 25, 34: 1-32, 35: 1-25,.),60939. : , , , ,23:30,23:34,24:17,3:15.-604-602,() ,23:34-37,24: 1-5,3: 15,1:1-2, .,- 3 , . 7 8 - , , () ,KingJames,..,-24:6-16.- 3: 16 . ( . .). - 586-585, , , ,25:1-26, 3:15,.,,5-6 - - 85 - . . ;! , , - ( ) - !- . ) , : - . , -,, .; ,-. ! ). 3: 23-38 , - . . , ! ;! . () 4000 4500 ...! . 56 . 42 . - . . , ! . - . . . , 2 3, . .., -,,1:16,3:23, .; , : 1: 18 ., .. : 1: 34-35 , ; ..:3: 23 , , , , - 86 - & ,, ! (). . -. .,- . , , -, ! , -,;,- ; ; ! , : 1: 4 , - 3:9-10 . ,. , . ! -.-. . 2 2 . , -. .! , ! ! ; ; -. ,! , , , . , ! -, , ; ! - ! - - 87 - . . ! :] : , . . ., , -.,, , . - , , - - , . - , - .! , - ! , ; ! - . , .,... !., - , - . [ - : 1.,,, 1973, 207-230. ( . -, 1925-1930.). 2.,,2, , 1975, 1-52. ( . - , 45 !). 3.,,, , , 1978 1979, 1-65. 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( 169 - 177 ..) -.- Minucius Felix ( 2 ) - . ! , ,,,19781979, EarlDohertyChallengingtheVerdict,ACross-ExaminationofLeeStrobelsTheCaseofChrist,AgeofReasonPublications,2001, , , , . -! -, ! HymanE.Goldin,TheCaseofthe Nazarene Reopened, The Lawbook Exchange Ltd., 1948-2003.] Robert Taylor [2], [3] , , - ! ,, , .Taylor,-,, .,, ,-...!- . . [2:RobertTaylor,Edmonton18-8-1784,Tours5-6-1844.- , , . .] [ 3: (1) The Diegesis, Kessinger Publishing, or Health Research Publications. (2) SyntagmaoftheEvidenceoftheChristianReligion,KessingerPublishing.(3)TheDevils Pulpit, Kessinger Publishing.] - 108 - & Taylor,-. . , , , , , , A-(332;-363..),, (Loeb Classical Library, Volume , page 318, 39 A, B.) (-): -,.-, , , - ., (LoebClassical Library, , 374 377, 201 - 206 ), : ...[,,,,, , ..] - , .. : [-, , , , ..] , [ ] , .. -. ,- . ,[] ;[], , , , . , , [], . - - - 109 - . [], , . , [] [ ] [ ] -. , - : , - - . [] [][,,.], . [ ] [] [ ] . . . 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[:XHenrySt. John Thackeray (1869-1930) -LoebLibraryHarvard, - . Testimonium Flavianum 16 - Scaliger, Eisler, Schrer, Niese, Norden, Zeitlin, Lewy, Juster, .. -! I. . . . .] 22,,- [12-13 ] , . ... 22 , , -([5]). . [5: .] ! ! ,- . . (MichaelHardwick, JosephusasanHistoricalSourceinPatristicLiteraturethoughEusebius). : , , , ,,,,, , , , , . , -! ,! -- 118 - & ,6-8.- ! -! . - ! . 11 , -,,-. - ! [SolomonZeitlin:JosephusonJesus,WithParticular ReferencetotheSlavon