بســــــــم الله الرحمن الرحيــــــــم

Dr. Mohammed Owais Qureshi Hashmi

هاشمي قرشي عويس محمد

األعمال إدارة في مقدمة

Introduction to Business Business Definition Types of Business Business Objectives

Preparing Business Plans Elements of Business Plan Implementing Business Plan Evaluation of Business Plan

Business Management & Styles of Management Management Leadership Controlling

Business Organisation & Administration Organisational Structures Functions & Roles Coordination of Organisational Roles

Business Operations Design of Operation Supply Chain Management Cost Effectiveness of Operation

Business Finance Understanding Capital & Its Sources Business Liabilities Business Assets Basics of Capital Budgeting

4Into. to Business (MKTG 101)

Business Marketing Understanding Marketing Functions Selling & Distribution Strategic Marketing

Business Accounting & Performance Measurement Basic Concept of Accounting Understanding Balance Sheet Understanding Profit & Loss Accounts Assessing Business Performance Trough Ratios & Scorecard.

Business Environment Understanding Business Environment Environmental Impact on Business Analysing Business Environment

Business Risks Types of Risks Managing Risks

Business Rewards Types of Rewards; Monitory & Non-Monitory Distribution of Rewards

Business Globalisation Reasons for Globalisation Strategies for Globalisation Roles for International Business


Introduction to Business Business Definition Types of Business Business Objectives

Preparing Business Plans Elements of Business Plan Implementing Business Plan Evaluation of Business Plan

Business Management & Styles of Management Management Leadership Controlling

Business Organisation & Administration Organisational Structures Functions & Roles Coordination of Organisational Roles

Business Operations Design of Operation Supply Chain Management Cost Effectiveness of Operation

Business Finance Understanding Capital & Its Sources Business Liabilities Business Assets Basics of Capital Budgeting


• “Business refers to group(مجموعة) or individual (فرد) activities(أنشطة) with predetermined(سلفا) objectives(األهداف) of creating(خلق) wealth(ثروة) through( من.”of goods and services (تبادل)exchange (خالل

• A business also known as( باسم أيضا :(المعروف• a) company, (شركة)• b) enterprise, (مشروع)or • c) firm (شركة) Business is a legally recognized( قانونيا بها (معترف

entity(كيان) designed to provide(لتوفير) goods, services, or both to consumers or other businesses in exchange for money.

Into. to Business (MKTG 101) 7

• A typical business is an economic activity which is mostly privately owned and formed for earning profit that will increase the wealth of its owners.

• The owners and operators (management) of private, for-profit businesses have as one of their main objectives i.e. generating return in exchange for work and acceptance of risk.

• Businesses can also be formed not-for-profit or be state-owned


There are four forms of Business( األعمال (أشكال1. Sole proprietorship( ملكية .Business owned by individual :(وحيد

◦ Easy to form.( لجعل (سهلة◦ less regulatory requirements.( التنظيمية متطلبات (أقل◦ Less capital required.( شرط المال من (أقل◦ Quick decision making.( السريع القرار (اتخاذ

2. Partnership(شراكة): Two or more individuals(فرد) form partnership.

Easy to form لجعل .سهلة

Partners can agree on the amount of investment,( االستثمار مبلغ على االتفاق للشركاء (يمكن

Partners can agree on Profit sharing and management of business.

( األعمال وإدارة األرباح تقاسم على االتفاق للشركاء (.يمكن

Legal document such as partnership deed is preferable to avoid any conflict between partners.( نزاع أي لتجنب األفضل هو الفعل الشراكة مثل قانونية وثيقة

الشركاء (.بين


3. Private Limited Company( الخاصة Its is a legal entity :(المحدودةwhich is registered with governing body of the country such as Company House. The company has registered name with Ltd at the end of its name. There are legal requirements such as appointing Director (s), declare amount of capital, have a registered office and file annual return and business accounts with the regulatory body. The advantage is that Its liabilities are limited to the level of company assets.

4. Public Limited Company( المحدودة This is a large business :(العامةwith huge capital owned by general public. There are strict regulation to be followed and its annual accounts need auditing by independent firm of accountants. It normally has plc at the end of its name.


Generally there are two types of business

Small Businesses

Large Businesses


Small Businesses:

could be a sole proprietorship, partnership or private limited company. Small business is usually owned by owner manager.

Main factor defining size of small business are:

1. Small percentage of market share.2. They are managed by owner or partners without any formal organization and

management structure. 3. They are independent and do not form a part of any large enterprise.4. They have small capital not exceeding 10 million SR5. They are owned by individuals or families6. Quick decision-making


Large Businesses:

Large business is normally Private Limited Company or Public Limited Company with Capital exceeding 10 Million SR.

Main factors of large business are:

1. Large percentage of market share.2. Run by professional management3. Formal organization and management structure with large number of

employees4. Operating over large geographical territory and could multinational5. Formal decision-making which could be slow and time consuming.


Business have two main objectives:

Economic Objectives ( موضوعية (اقتصادية

Social Objectives ( االجتماعي (الهدف


Economic Objectives:

I. Return on Investment (ROI). This refers to generating wealth for owners of business in the form of profit or dividends.

II. Expanding business through diversification, merger and acquisition.

III. Innovation and development for example creating new product or improving existing product.

IV. Seeking strong market position and high profitability.


Social Objectives:

I. Creation of employment.

II. Environmental change and development.

III. Development of infrastructure.

IV. Development of small scale and ancillaryتبعية/additional industry.


Two major(رئيسي) business concerns are important to be aware of( على and (مطلعtake(أخذ) necessary precautions( االحتياطات)to handle them (الالزمة معها (التعامل

Business Risk.( عمل (خطر

Impact on society.( المجتمع على (التأثير


1. Business Risk: ( عمل (خطر

◦ Business Risk: It is the Probability(احتمال) of loss inherent متأصل in a firm’s operations and environment والبيئة قد may impair (أن)that عمليات)its ability to provide تضعف توفير على .(استثمار) returns on investment (قدرتها

◦ Every business involves risk of loss( الخسارة مخاطر على due to (ينطوي:(بفضل)

◦ Change of Technology.( للتكنولوجيا (تغيير◦ Change in Consumer preferences and fashion.( واألزياء المستهلكين أفضليات في (.تغيير◦ Competition (منافسة) and new or alternate product development.◦ Change in Government policies.


البديلة المنتجات تطوير

الحكومية السياسات في تغيير

2. The Impact on Society: ( المجتمع على (وأثرها Every business influences(التأثيرات) society and gets influenced

by the society( أثرت some time called environmental (يحصلimpact.

2. If business( التجارية (ناجح)to be successful ترغبturns out (إذاit generates employment( العمل فرص for the locality in (يولدwhich it operates and raises living standard of the community.

It helps developing infrastructure( التحتية البنية i.e. road (تطويرnetwork, additional business, transport facilities ( مرافقالراحة and civic amenities(النقل ,like water supply وسائلhospital and educational institutions etc.


البيئي األثر

المجتمع معيشة مستوى يثيرأنه يساعد

Every business needs careful consideration and planning before it is started. Following factor are essential while starting business.


جيد لألعمال أساسيات

النظر دقيق

بداية

التالية عامل

التجارية األعمال في البدء حين في

1. Well defined attainable objectives.

2. Based on proper planning such as financial feasibility.

3. Proper organization structure.

4. Clear distribution of duties and responsibilities.

5. Competent management ( المختصة to changing(للرد) to respond(إدارةenvironment ( متغيرة ,in technology (تغيير) change (مثل)such as(لبيئةchange in fashion(موضة), change in government policies and impact(تأثير) of globalization(العولمة)

6. Customer focused ( العمالء )marketing system (ركز نظام such (التسويقas sale and after sale service( البيع بعد ما وخدمة distribution and ,(بيعpromotion,( والترويج ).quality assurance (التوزيع الجودة (ضمان

7. Good human resource policies to recruit appropriate staff( موظفين تعيين)to retain staff ,(المناسبة بالموظفين to train and develop staff ,(لالحتفاظ( الموظفين وتطوير .(لتدريب


جيد لألعمال أساسيات

للتحقيق قابلة المعالم واضحة .أهدافالمالية الجدوى مثل السليم التخطيط على .يعتمد

السليم التنظيمي .الهيكل

والمسؤوليات الواجبات توزيع .واضح

There are several business activities to achieve business objectives however the following two are main activities which are vital to ensure business moves in the right direction.

1. Managing Business.2. Administrating Business.


التجارية األنشطة من العديد

تحقيقالرئيسية األنشطة

األعمال إدارة

Managing Business

1. Managing means getting things done through people in organized setting.

2. Managing is an art or skill where managers need to influence staff to attain business objectives.

3. Management is a process (عملية)that involves planning, organizing, coordinating, leading, motivating and controlling.

Administering Business It refers to implementation of policy decisions and running

day-to-day operations of organization


الناس خالل من األمور إنجاز

اإلعداد نظمتمهارة أو فن

لتحقيق الموظفين التأثير

وتحفيز يؤدي، مما تنسيق،

السياسة قرارات تنفيذ إلى يشير فإنه

التنظيم عمليات يوم بعد يوما

Difference between management and administration

1. Management deals with policy formulation and strategic planning.

2. Administration deals with coordination, production and distribution through complex structure.

3. Management deals with overall planning on long term basis.

4. Administration is part of management dealing with installing and implementing policies.


We have discussed business and various elements involved

in order to run successful business that achieves its objectives

while creating benefits for its owners and fulfilling social

responsibility. Business functions can generally be classified

into Input, process, output and generation of reward which

are all interconnected. This is shown in the following diagram

in its simplex form.



Business Input

Capital, Material, Manpower, Machine, and Information

Business Process

Manufacturing plantSales and distribution systemService deliveryInformation processing

Business output Finished goods or services for:Individual customerGroup of customersIndustry Wealth

اإلدخال األعمال التجارية العمليات

ثروة

األعمال نموذج

We have also discussed that business involves risk. Further development model shows element of risks and relationship with wealth or reward.


Business Input

Capital MaterialManpowerMachineInformation

Business Process

Manufacturing plant Sales and distribution system Service delivery Information processing

Business output

Finished goods or services for:Individual customerGroup of customersIndustry

Wealth/ Reward

Business Risks

بســــــــم الله الرحمن الرحيــــــــم

Documents

business mktg

typical business

international business

c firm business

exchange of goods

profit sharing

forprofit businesses

predetermined objectives