научная сессия-конференция секции ЯФ ОФН РАН 27 ноября...
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Status of NICA Project N uclotron-based I on C ollider f A cility. G. Trubnikov for NICA Collaboration. научная сессия-конференция секции ЯФ ОФН РАН 27 ноября 2009 г. Contents Introduction: “The physics case” and goals of the NICA project 1. NICA scheme & layout - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1научная сессия-конференция секции ЯФ ОФН РАН
27 ноября 2009 г.
Status of NICAStatus of NICA ProjectProjectNNuclotron-baseduclotron-based I Ionon CColliderollider ffAAcilitycility
G. Trubnikovfor NICA Collaboration
2
ContentsIntroduction:
“The physics case” and goals of the NICA project
1. NICA scheme & layout
2. Heavy ions in NICA
2.1. Operation regime and parameters
2.2. Collider
3. Polarized particle beams in NICA
4. NICA project status and nearest plans
Conclusion
3
http://theor.jinr.ru/twiki-cgi/view/NICA/WebHome
n/n_nuclear
(n_nuclear = 0.16 fm-3)
Introduction: Relativistic nuclear physics today & “the physics case” of NICA
critR
HIC (2
009)
stars
4
The NICA Project goals
formulated in NICA CDR are the following:
1a) Heavy ion colliding beams 197Au79+ x 197Au79+ at
sNN = 4 11 GeV (1 4.5 GeV/u ion kinetic
energy ) at
Laverage= 11027 cm-2s-1 (at sNN = 9 GeV)
1b) Light-Heavy ion colliding beams of the same energy range and luminosity
2) Polarized beams of protons and deuterons:
pp sNN = 12 25 GeV (5 12.6 GeV kinetic energy )
dd sNN = 4 13.8 GeV (2 5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic
energy )
Introduction: Relativistic nuclear physics today & “the physics case” of NICA
5
NICA scheme & layout
Synchrophasotron yoke
Nuclotron
Existing beam lines(Fixed target exp-s)
ColliderC = 251 m
“Old” linac
KRION-6T & HILac
Beam transfer line
MPD
Spin Physics Detector (SPD)
2.3 m
4.0 m
Booster
6
1. NICA scheme & layout
(Contnd)
“Old” Linac LU-20
KRION + “New” HILACBooster
Nuclotron
Collider MPD
SPD Beam dump
7
2. Heavy ions in NICA
Nuclotron (45 Tm)injection of one
bunch of 1.1×109 ions,
acceleration up to 14.5 GeV/u max.
Collider (45 Tm)Storage of
17 (20) bunches 1109 ions per ring
at 14.5 GeV/u,electron and/or stochastic
cooling
Injector: 2×109 ions/pulse of 197Au32+ at energy of 6.2 MeV/u
IP-1
IP-2
Two superconductingcollider rings
2.1. Operation regime and
parameters
Booster (25 Tm)1(2-3) single-turn
injection, storage of 2 (4-6)×109,acceleration up to 100
MeV/u,electron cooling,acceleration up to 600 MeV/uStripping (80%) 197Au32+ 197Au79+
2х17 (20) injection cycles
Bunch compression (RF phase jump)
8
Stage E MeV/u
unnorm mmmrad
p/p lbunc
h m
Intensityloss,%
Space charge
Q
Injection (after bunching on 4th harmonics
6.2 10 1.3E-3
6 10 0.022
After cooling (h=1)
100 2.45 3.8E-4
7.17
<10 0.016
At extraction 600 0.89 3.2E-4
3.1 0.0085
Injection (after stripping)
594 0.89 3.4E-4
3.1 <20 0.051
After acceleration
3500 0.25 1.5E-4
2 <1 0.0075
At extraction 3500 0.25 110-3 0.5 Loss = 40%
Nextr= 1E9
0.03
2. Heavy ions in NICA
(Contnd)
Bunch parameters dynamics in the injection
chain
2.1. Operation regime and
parameters
9
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
0 2 4 6
2. Heavy ions in NICA
(Contnd)Time Table of The Storage
Process
2.1. Operation regime and
parameters
B(t
), a
rb. u
nit
s0
0,5
1
1,5
2
0 2 4 6
Booster magnetic field
B(t
), a
rb. u
nit
s
Nuclotron magnetic field
t, [s]
t, [s]
electroncooling
1 (2-3) injection cycles,electron cooling (?)
Extraction, stripping to 197Au79+
bunch compression,extraction
injection
34 injection cycles to Collider ringsof 1109 ions 197Au79+ per cycle
1.71010 ions/ring
10
2. Heavy ions in NICA
(Contnd)
MPD
RF
I.Meshkov, O.Kozlov, V.Mikhailov,A.Sidorin, A.Smirnov, N.Topilin
SPDx,y kicker
10 m
Injection channels
Spin rotator
2.2.
Collider
Upper ring
Beam dump
Long. kicker
S_Cool PUx, y, long
E_cooler
11
Ring circumference, [m] 251.52
B max [ Tm ] 45.0
Ion kinetic energy (Au79+), [GeV/u]
1.0 4.56
Dipole field (max), [ T ] 4.0
Quad gradient (max), [ T/m ] 29.0
Number of dipoles / length 24 / 3.0 m
Number of vertical dipoles per ring
2 x 4
Number of quads / length 32 / 0.4 m
Long straight sections: number / length
2 x 48.0 m
Short straight sections: number / length,
4 x 8.8 m
2. Heavy ions in NICA
(Contnd) 2.2. Collider
(Contnd)General Parameters
12
βx_max / βy_max in FODO period, m
16.8 / 15.2
Dx_max / Dy_max in FODO period, m
5.9 / 0.2
βx_min / βy_min in IP, m 0.5 / 0.5
Dx / Dy in IP, m 0.0 / 0.0
Free space at IP (for detector)
9 m
Beam crossing angle at IP 0
Betatron tunes Qx / Qy 5.26 / 5.17
Chromaticity Q’x / Q’y -12.22 / -11.85
Transition energy, _tr / E_tr 4.95 / 3.012 GeV/u
RF system harmonics amplitude,
[kV]
102 100
Vacuum, [ pTorr ] 100 10
2. Heavy ions in NICA
(Contnd)2.2. Collider General parameters
(Contnd)
13
Energy, GeV/u 1.0 3.5
Ion number per bunch 1E9 1E9
Number of bunches per ring 17 17
Rms unnormalized beam emittance, ∙mm mrad
3.8 0.25
Rms momentum spread 1E-3 1E-3
Rms bunch length, m 0.3 0.3
Luminosity per one IP, cm-2∙s-1 0.75E26 1.1E27
Incoherent tune shift Qbet 0.056 0.047
Beam-beam parameter 0.0026 0.0051
IBS growth time, s 650 50
2. Heavy ions in NICA
(Contnd) 2.2. Collider General
parameters (Contnd)Collider beam parameters and
luminosity
14
2) Injection and storage with barrier bucket
technique and cooling of a coasting (!) beam,
20 bunches, bunch number is limited by interbunch space in IP
straight section, bunch compression in Nuclotron is NOT required (!) Electron and/or stochastic cooling for storage and
luminosity preservation, bunch formation after storage
are required.
2. Heavy ions in NICA
(Contnd)
Two injection schemes are considered:
1) bunch by bunch injection, 17 bunches: bunch number is limited by kicker pulse duration, bunch compression in Nuclotron is required (!) Electron and/or stochastic cooling is used for
luminosity preservation.
2.2. Collider (Contnd)
Under development by Prof. T.Katayama (retired from Tokyo Univ.)
15
3. Heavy ions in NICA
(Contnd)What is “old” and what is
new?3.2. Collider: the problems to be
solved
Collider SC dipoles with max B up
to 4 T,
“Flexible” lattice (transition energy change
with energy), RF parameters (related problem), Single bunch stability, Vacuum chamber impedance and multibunch
stability, Electron clouds (vacuum chamber coating?), Stochastic cooling of bunched ion beam, Electron cooling at electron energy up to 2.5
MeV.
see below
16
3. Polarized particle beams
in NICALongitudinal polarization formation MPD
Yu.Filatov,I.Meshkov
BB
Upper ring
SPD
Spin rotator:
“Full Siberian snake”
“Siberian snake”: Protons, 1 E 12 GeV (BL)solenoid 50 T∙m
Deuterons, 1 E 5 GeV/u (BL)solenoid 140 T∙m
17
Energy, GeV 5 12
Proton number per bunch 6E10 1.5E10
Rms relative momentum spread 10E-3 10E-3
Rms bunch length, m 1.7 0.8
Rms (unnormalized) emittance, mmmrad
0.24 0.027
Beta-function in the IP, m 0.5 0.5
Lasslet tune shift 0.0074 0.0033
Beam-beam parameter 0.005 0.005
Number of bunches 10 10
Luminosity, cm-2∙s-1 1.1E30
1.1E30
3. Polarized particle beams in NICA
(Contnd)
Parameters of polarized proton beams in collider
18
4. NICA project status and plans
January 2008
NICA CDR MPD LoI
Conceptual Design Reportof
Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA)(Short version)
January 2009
NICA CDR (Short version)
19
4. NICA project status and plans (Contnd)
Since publication of the 1-st version of the NICA CDR
The Concept was developed, the volumes I and II of the
TDR have been completed:
Volume I – Part 1, General description
Part 2, Injector complex
Volume II – Part 3, Booster-Synchrotron
20
4. NICA project status and plans (Contnd)
Ускорительно-накопительныйкомплекс NICA
(Nuclotron-based Ion Collider
fAcility)
Технический проект
Том I
Дубна, 2009
Ускорительно-накопительныйкомплекс NICA
(Nuclotron-based Ion Collider
fAcility)
Технический проект
Том II
Дубна, 2009
August 2009
NICA TDR (volumes I & II)
21
4. NICA project status and plans (Contnd) Approved byDirector of JINR
academician A.N.Sisakian____________________
Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) "____ " 2009 г.
Technical Design ReportProject leaders: A.Sisakian,A.Sorin
TDR has been developed by the NICA collaboration:JINR
Physicists and engineers: N.Agapov, E.Ahmanova, V.Alexandrov, A.Alfeev, O.Brovko, A.Butenko, E.D.Donets,
E.E.Donets, A.Eliseev, A.Govorov, I.Issinsky, E.Ivanov, V.Karpinsky, V.Kekelidze, G.Khodzhibagiyan, A.Kobets,
V.Kobets, A.Kovalenko, O.Kozlov, A.Kuznetsov, V.Mikhailov, V.Monchinsky, A.Sidorin, A.Smirnov, A.Olchevsky,
R.Pivin, Yu.Potrebennikov, A.Rudakov, A.Smirnov, G.Trubnikov, V.Shevtsov, B.-R.Vasilishin, V.Volkov,
S.Yakovenko, V.Zhabitsky
Designers: V.Agapova, G.Berezin, V.Borisov, V.Bykovsky, A.Bychkov, T.Volobueva, E.Voronina, S.Kukarnikov,
T.Prakhova, S.Rabtsun, G.Titova, Yu.Tumanova, A.Shabunov, V.Shokin IHEP, Protvino O.Belyaev, Yu.Budanov, S.Ivanov, A.Maltsev, I.Zvonarev,
INR RAS, TroitskV.Matveev, A.Belov, L.Kravchuk
Budker INP, Novosibirsk V.Arbuzov, Yu.Biriuchevsky, S.Krutikhin, G.Kurkin, B.Persov, V.Petrov, A.Pilan
ITEP, Moscow: A.Bol’shakov, V.Kapin, B.Sharkov, P.Zenkevich
Chief engineer of the Project V.Kalagin, Chief designer of the Project N.Topilin
Editors: I.Meshkov, A.Sidorin
22
Infrastructure
Control systems
PS systems
Diagnostics
Collider
Transfer channel to Collider
Nuclotron-NICA
Nuclotron-M
Booster + trans. channel
LINAC + trans. channel
KRION
2015201420132012201120102009
operation
comms/operatn
mountg+commssiong
Manufctrng + mounting
design
R & D
4. NICA project status and plans
Booster: magnetic system
23
To be commissioned in
2013.
4. NICA project status and plans
4.3. Nuclotron-
NICA
To be designed, constructed and commissioned:
1.Injection system (new HILAC)
2.RF system – new version with bunch
compression
3.Dedicated diagnostics
4.Single turn extraction with fine
synchronization
5.Polarized protons acceleration in
Nuclotron
24
Nuclotron provides now performance of experiments on accelerated proton and ion beams (up to Fe24+, A=56) with energies up to 5,7 and 2,2 GeV/n correspondingly (project parameters for ions is 6 GeV/n with Z/A = 0,5)
25
10 stages-subprojects of the Nuclotron-M project
Beam dynamics: minimization of the beam losses at all stages from injection to acceleration and to extraction of the beams (not more then 15-20%, we have about 50-80%).
- Modernization of ion source KRION to KRION 6T;
- Improvement of the vacuum in the Nuclotron ring;
- Development of the power supply system, quench detection and energy evacuation system;- Modernization of the RF system (including trapping & bunching systems, controls and diagnostics);- Modernization of the slow extraction system for accelerated heavy ions at maximal energies;
- Modernization of automatic control system, diagnostics and beam control system;
- Transportation channel of the extracted beams and radiation safety;- Improvement of the safety, stability and economical efficiency of the cryogenics;- Modernization of the injector complex (fore-injector and linac) for acceleration of heavy ions;- Development and creation of high intensity polarized deutron source
26
Nuclotron-M beams in 2010 and further (until NICA commissioning):- Deutrons, protons – development of existing physics program + appl. research- Light ions – hypernuclei, applied research (medicine, radiobiology, etc)- Heavy ions – R&D for detector elements, key accelerator technologies for NICA (stripping, fast injection/extraction, cooling, electron clouds effect, etc) - Polarized deutrons from new intense source (polarimetry, etc.)
Nuclotron-MIntensity >10^7 ppc
(with KRION-2)
Energy 6 Gev/n(for Z/A = 1/2)
Field ~ 2T
Heavy ions (A=100-200)
Stable, safe,long operation
Development of the KRION ESIS
Vacuum improvement
Injector modernization+
Energy evacuation system
Quench protection system
Slow extraction at HE
Control, diagnostics, RF
Power supply system modernization
Cryogenics modernization
Radiation safety
27
Machine advisory committee (MAC)– Boris Sharkov, (ITEP), chairman– Pavel Beloshitsky, (CERN)– Sergei Ivanov, (IHEP)– Thomas Roser, (BNL) – Markus Steck, (GSI)– Nicholas Walker, (DESY)
1-st report on Nuclotron-M Jan 2009 1-st review on NICA June 2009 The next meeting is foreseen in Dubna Jan 2010
28
Nuclotron-M/NICA Machine Advisory Committee
29
HILAC – Heavy ion linac RFQ + Drift Tube Linac (DTL),
under design and construction (O.Belyaev & the Team, IHEP, Protvino).
4. NICA project status and plans
4.1.
Injector KRION - Cryogenic ion source of “electron-string” type
developed by E.Donets group at JINR. It is aimed to
generation of heavy multicharged ions (e.g.197Au32+).
RFQ Electrode
s
2H cavities of "Ural" RFQ(prototype)
Sector H-cavityof “Ural” RFQ
DTL(prototype)
E.D.DonetsE.E.Donets
KRION-6T Cryostat & vac. chamber
To be commissioned in
2013.
To be commissioned in
2013.
30
4. NICA project status and plans
4.2. Booster
Superconducting Booster
in the magnet yoke
of The SynchrophasotronSynchrophasotron
yoke
B = 25 Tm, Bmax = 1.8 T1)3 single-turn injections 2) Storage and electron
cooling of 8×109 197Au32+
3) Acceleration up to 600 MeV/u
4) Extraction & stripping
A.ButenkoV.MikhailovG.KhodjibagiyanN.Topilin
Nuclotron
Booster
“Nuclotron-type” SC magnets for Booster
2.3 m
4.0 mVladimir I. Veksler
Dismounting is in progress presently
31
4. NICA project status and plans
4.2. Booster
(Contnd)
The technical design of the Booster is in progress,
The Booster is to be commissioned in 2013.
32
4. NICA project status and plans4.2. Booster
(Contnd)SC magnet technologySC magnet technology
SC hollow cable
33
RF system parameters
Frequency range,MHz
0.6 2.4
Maximum voltage amplitude, kV
10
Number of cavities
2
Cavity length, m
1.4
RF tube type EIMAC 4XC15.000A
4. NICA project status and plans4.2. Booster
(Contnd)RF system (designed by Budker INP)
34
4. NICA project status and plans 4.2. Booster
Contnd)Electron cooling system of the Booster
(Contnd)
e-gun e-collector
35
4. NICA project status and plans
4.4.
Collider
“Twin magnets” for NICA collider rings
“Twin” dipoles
“Twin” quadrupoles
1 – Cos coils, 2 – “collars”, 3 – He header,
4 – iron yoke, 5 – thermoshield, 6 – outer jacket
Double ring collider; (B)max = 45 Tm, Bmax = 4 T
A.KovalenkoG.Khodjibagiyan
To be commissioned in
2014.
36
4. NICA project status and plans
4.4. Collider (Contnd)
“Twin magnets” for NICA collider rings
“Twin” quadrupoles
Double ring collider; (B)max = 45 Tm, Bmax = 4 T
G.Khodjibagiyan et al.
“Twin” dipole field
37
4. NICA project status and plans4.4.
ColliderElectron cooling system of the ColliderMax electron energy, MeV 2.5Max electron current, A 0.5Solenoid magnetic field, T 0.3
“Magnetized” electron beamSolenoid type: “warm” at acceleration columns superconducting at transportation and
cooling sections
HV generator: Dynamitron type
I.MeshkovA.SmirnovS.Yakovenko
6 m
3 m
To be commissioned in
2014.Under development in collaboration with - All-Russian Institute for Electrotechnique (Moscow)
- FZ Juelich
- Budker INP
Warm, NbTi or HTSC
(?!)
38
GSI/FAIR SC dipoles for
Booster/SIS-100 SC dipoles for Collider
4. NICA project status and plans
4.5. NICA
Collaboration Budker INP Booster RF system Booster electron
cooling Collider RF system Collider SC magnets (expertise) HV electron cooler
for collider
Electronics (?)
IHEP (Protvino) Injector Linac FZ Jűlich (IKP)
HV Electron cooler
Stoch. cooling
Fermilab HV Electron
coolerBeam dynamics Stoch.
coolingAll-Russian Institute for
Electrotechnique HV Electron cooler
BNL (RHIC)
Electron &
Stoch. CoolingITEP: Beam dynamics in the collider
GSI/JINR/BNL2005 - 2009
Round Table Discussions I, II, III, IV JINR, Dubna, 2005, 2006, 2008
http://theor.jinr.ru/meetings/2008/roundtable/
Corporation “Powder Metallurgy” (Minsk, Belorussia): Technology of TiN coating of vacuum chamber walls for reduction of secondary emission
39
Thank you for your attention!
40
SPD 25
m
From Nuclotron
5. NICA project status and plans
5.5. “Collider
2T”
V.KalaginI.MeshkovV.MikhailovG.Trubnikov
Collider: C_Ring 380 м
Dipoles 2 Тл
Luminosity?
“The ambush regiment”
MPD
41
3. Heavy ions in NICA
(Contnd)3.2. Collider
(Contnd)
Ion trajectory in the phase space (p, )
2
V(t)Cavity
voltage
(p)i
on
0
Barrier Bucket Method
(p)i
on
0
NICA: Trevolution = 0.85 0.96 s, VBB 16 kV
The particle storage with barrier buckets method was tested
at ESR (GSI) with electron cooling (2008).
p > (p)separatrix
Unstable phase area
(injection area)In reality RF voltage pulses can be (and are actually) of nonrectangular shape
Cooling is ON
The first proposal: Fermilab, J. Griffin et.al., IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science, v.NS30 No.4, 3502 (1983)
_stack
42
!
B [kG]
8
6
4
2
2. Heavy ions in NICA
(Contnd) 2.2. Collider (Contnd)
BETACOOL
simulation
Parameters
ion beam: 197Au79+ at 3.5 GeV/u, initial =0.5 ∙mm∙mrad, (p/p) = 1∙10-3
electron beam: Ie = 0.5 A, re = 2 mm, Te|| = 5 meV; = 0.024 (6 m/250 m)
IBS Heating and cooling – luminosity evolution at electron cooling
0
1E+27
2E+27
3E+27
4E+27
5E+27
6E+27
0 5 10 15 20 25reference time, sec
6
Luminosity
[1E27 cm-2∙s-1] 4
2
0
Te = 10 eV to reduce recombination!
43
For NICA bunch parameters (109 197Au79+ ions/bunch)
(Nbunch)necessary ~ 7108, (Nbunch)sufficient ~ 6109.
2. Heavy ions in NICA
(Contnd) 2.2. Collider: electron cloud effect
Electron cloud formation criteria
The necessary condition:
The sufficient condition (“multipactor effect”):
,lZr
b)N(
spacee
22
necessarybunch ⋅≥β
Here βc is ion velocity, Z – ion charge number, b – vacuum chamber radius,
re – electron classic radius, lspace – distance between bunches,
me – electron mass, c – the speed of light,
crit ~ 1 keV – electron energy sufficient for secondary electron generation.
.cm2Zr
b)N(
2e
crit
esufficientbunch
β⋅≥
44
5. NICA project status and plans
5.5. “Collider 2T”
(Contnd)Dipoles 2
Тл
G.Khodjibagiyan et al.
I.Meshkov, G.Trubnikov Status of NICA Project Seminar at BNL November 5, 2009
Victor Yarba, Alexander
Zlobin:
“Common coils” technology Fermilab, October 30, 2009
45
3. Polarized particle beams in NICA
(Contnd)Transverse polarization
formation MPD
SPD
B
Lower ring
Dipole “450”
B (450)
Dipole “450”
B (450)
46
Type of resonance
Resonance condition
Number of resonances at acceleration
p 0 – 12 GeV
d 0 – 6 GeV/u
1.Intrinsic res. Qs = kp Qz 6 0
2.Integer res. Qs = k 25 1 (5.6 GeV/u)
3.Nonsuperperiodic
Qs = m Qz , m kp
44 2
4.Coupling res. Qs = m Qx 49 2
3. Polarized particle beams in NICA
(Contnd)Polarized particle acceleration in Nuclotron:
Spin resonances
Q – betatron and spin precession tunes,
k, m – integers, p – number of superperiods (8 for Nuclotron)
Power of the Spin resonances: P1,2 ~ 103∙P3,4