Энергия прогресса. Роль энергетических ресурсов в...

World

WarII

Civill W

ar RestorationcompleteIndustrial-ization

Industrial-izationCollectiv-ization

Attemptof Reorganiza-tionReform ationIncom-plete

Conserva-tion System Crisis Slowdown Devellop-ment

PerestroicaDeteriorationEconomicalCrisis Debt

New Oil-Based Economy Restoration of devastated econimy Oil-price based growth

Collapse of USSR Economical Re-formsTotal Electrisity Net Generationin Russian Empire - USSR - Russian Federation(mln. kWh)

Total Oil Supplyin Russian Empire - USSR - Russian Federation(thousands tons per year)

2000

1950

1900 19

10

1890

1880

1870

1920

1930

1940

1960

1970

1980

1990

2010

71,1

85,4 88,2

100,6

110,1

101,4

119

130,1138,3

148 145,9141,8

1932-1933 Mass Famine in USSR

1946-1947 The Last

Mass Fa

mine in U

SSR

1920-1922 Mass Famine

in Volga Region and Ucrane

1916-1920 Food Crisis

06.41-05.45 The Grait P

atriotic

War

(USSR in

WW2)

1918-1923 The Civil War/I

ntervention

1914-1917

The Russian Empire

at WW1

1917 February and O

ctober R

volutions

1905-1907 The Thirst R

evolutiona

86%GDP

96%GDP

06.41-05.45 The Grait P

atriotic

War

(USSR in

WW2)


ntervention

1948-1965(59)

Stalins’ P

lan of er�

nement of n

ature

1946 Drought

1954-1961

Virgin so

il uptu

rned

1914-1917

The Russian Empire

at WW1

1917 February and O

ctober R

volutions


evolutiona

Stolip

in’s Agric

ultural re

form

1930-1933 Collectivisation

05.03.1953 Death

of J.V. S

talin

1930-1939 Industriolisation

1920-1928 “GOELRO” P

lan

1948-1965(59)

Stalins’ P

lan of er�

nement of n

ature

26.11.1991 Collapse

of the Soviet U

nion

1930-1933 Collectivisation

1930-1939 Industriolisation

1922-1928 New Economical Policy (NEP)

1891-1916 The Construction of Transsiberian Railway

30.12.1922 Esta

blish of th

e Soviet Union

05.03.1953 Death

of J.V. S

talin

1930-1953(60) Operating of GULAG

1941 Evacuation of Industry

1941-1944 Partial Occupation of USSR Territory

The First E

lectric L

ighting In

Russian Empire

(the Lite

ini Brid

ge, St.P

itersb

urg)

The First P

ower Plant In

Russian Empire

(35 kWt, S

t.Pite

rsburg

)The First O

il Pipelin

e In Russi

an Empire

(Inj. V

. Shukhov.

Nobels’ oil �

elds, Baku)

Invention of o

il burn

er sprayer.

(Inj. V

. Shukhov.

Nobels’ oil �

elds, Baku)

The First H

idro Power P

lant In Russi

an Empire

(700 kWt, E

sentu

ky)

1956 Emerg

ing Uni�ed Power S

ystem of U

SSR

(Union of E

neretic Syste

ms Center a

nd Middle Volga

by 400kW High volta

ge line Kuibish

ev-Mosco

w)

1962 Creatio

n of the w

orld biggest

Energy Syste

m “Mir”

Synchro

nised operatio

n of the U

ni�ed Power Syste

m of USSR,

power syste

ms of P

oland, Germ

an Democra

tic Republic

,

Czech

oslovakia, H

ungary, Romania and Bulgaria

,

20.04.2005-08.12.2008 Synchronous Interconnection of the

Power Systems of IPS/UPS to UCTE. Feasibility Study.

11.07.2001 Restr

ucturin

g

of the Russi

an Unite

d Energy Syste

m

30.06.2008 Completio

n of Energ

y reform

.

Liquidation of R

AO UES

istead co

me: state owned natu

ral monopolie

s,

privatis

ed generating su

pply

and sales c

ompanies.

2001 Central Asian countries (excluded Turkmenistan)

included to the Integrated Power System (IPS)

2007 Eastern Energy Company established

(fo increase energy export to China)

1992 RAO U

ES created

Uni�ed power Syste

m (UPS) o

f Russi

a.

1745 The �rst Oil Field in Russian Empire(merchant Fedor Priadunov, Uhta river)

1823 The �rst Oil Re�nery in Russian Empire(The Dubinini Bros., Mozdok)

1837-39 The �rst State owned Oil Re�nery in Russian Empire(The Dubinini Bros., Mozdok)

1848 The �rst drilled oil well in the wold.(Enj. F.A. Semenov , Baku)

connections to the South(reestablish)

connections to the West(new development)

connections to the East(new development)

Invention of th

e Oil T

anker.

(The Artemiv Bro

s.)

1928-1933 The Thirs

t Five-Year P

lan (V1)

1933-1937 V2

1946-1950 V4

Recovery 5-years

Plan

1951-1955 V5

1956-1960 V6

1959-1965 V7

Seven Years Plan

1966-1970 V8

1971-1975 V9

1976-1980 V10

1981-1985 V

11

1986-1990 V12

1991-1995 V13

1937-1942 V3

Western Siberia Oil and Gas Fields

National Debt

Oil Prices

The First Pipeline in Wesstern Siberia

(Shaim-Tumen)

Hungary Insurrection

The First Gas Pipeline in Western Siberia

(Igrim-Serov)

Kosigin’s/

Liberman’s

Economic

and Mangement R

eform

Zastoi (S

tagnation) P

eriod

Gas Transport System (SRTO-Urals)

from Siberia to Central Industrial Region

Labour Union Solidarnost’ action (Poland)

Prices Liberalization

Hyperin�ation

Perestroika

(Restrucruring)

Warsaw Pact E

stablis

hed

Warsaw Pact D

isolved

“Friendsh

ip 1” Oil p

ipeline co

nstructio

n

“Friendsh

ip 2” Oil p

ipeline co

nstructio

n

Doubles the O

il Supply

War in Afganist

an

Anti-co

mmunistic

Revolutions

in Eastern

Europ

Exploitatio

n of Tumen O

il and G

as Deposit

s

Liberal Eco

nomical R

eforms

World

WarII

Collap

se of

USSR

Civill W






Total Oil Supply

Western SIberia

Volga-Urals Oil Province

Caucasus

20

00

195

0

192

0

193

0

194

0

196

0

1970

198

0

199

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

mlntons

Ru

s

Bri

tain

U.S

.

Be

lgiu

m

Ge

rma

ny

Fra

nc

e

Ho

llan

d

Sw

ed

en

Sp

an

e

Ja

pa

n

Coal Prodaction Coal Supply to Central Industrial Region

Import from B

ritain and G

ermany

Dom

esti

c pr

oduc

tion

К 1917 году в Российской Империи:

Предистория

7%

47%

17%

29%

Tran

spor

t in

fras

truc

ture Manufacruring industry

Electrification

Mining industry

План ГОЭЛРО

Государственный план электрификации России

Суммарное финансирование 17 млрд. золотых рублей

программмаэлектрификации 1.2 млрд. золотых рублей

85%75%

Российская Империя являласьСельскохозяйственной странойК 1917 году в России:

Вовлечено в сель-хоз производство

Доля сельского населения

Предистория

Yield and consumptiom of main crops by countries in 1913

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

US

A

Ru

ssia

Ger

man

y

Au

stri

a

Arg

en

tin

a

Fra

nce

Ita

ly

Ca

nad

a

Ro

ma

nia

Sp

ain

Jap

an

Au

star

alia

Bri

tain

De

nm

ark

Sw

iss

Bel

giu

m

Ho

llan

d

Sw

itze

rlan

d

No

rwa

y

Yie

lds

and

tra

de

(th

ausa

nd

s p

oo

ds)

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Rem

ain

der

s fo

r co

nsu

mti

on

(p

oo

ds

per

cap

ita)

Yield External trade balance Remainders per capita (poods)

189

3

189

5

190

0

190

5

1910

1913

200400600800

10001200140016001800 Wheat yields and expots

ths

po

od

s

1950

1900 19

10

1890

1880

1870

1920

1930

1940

1960

1932-1933 Mass

Famine in

USSR

1946-1947 The Last

Mass Fa

mine in U

SSR

1920-1922 Mass

Famine

in Volga Region and Ucra

ne


Кризис сельского хозяйства

2000

1950

1900 19

10

1890

1880

1870

1920

1930

1940

1960

1970

1980

1990

2010

1932-1933 Mass

Famine in

USSR

1946-1947 The Last

Mass Fa

mine in U

SSR

1920-1922 Mass

Famine

in Volga Region and Ucra

ne


06.41-05.45 The Grait P

atriotic

War

(USSR in

WW2)


ntervention

1948-1965(59)

Stalins’ P

lan of er�

nement of n

ature

1946 Drought

1954-1961

Virgin so

il uptu

rned

1914-1917

The Russian Empire

at WW1

1917 February and O

ctober R

volutions


evolutiona

Stolip

in’s Agric

ultural re

form

1930-1933 Colle

ctivisa

tion

05.03.1953 Death

of J.V. S

talin

1930-1939 Industr

iolisatio

n

1928-1933 The Thirs

t Five-Year P

lan (V1)

1933-1937 V2

1946-1950 V4

Recovery 5-years

Plan

1951-1955 V5

1956-1960 V6

1959-1965 V7

Seven Years Plan

1966-1970 V8

1971-1975 V9

1976-1980 V10

1981-1985 V

11

1986-1990 V12

1991-1995 V13

1937-1942 V3

Массовый голод в Поволжье 1921-22

Инду

стри

ализ

ациясельского хозяйства

Использованиемеханизированной техникив сельском хозяйстве

Oil products export

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

mil

lio

n r

ub

les

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

mil

lio

n t

on

s

cost physical volume

020406080

100120140160180

1989—1993 “Особый период” Экономический кризис, падение - 34% ВВПИмпорт нефти упал с 13.5 до 4 млн.тонн/год

1992 — США ужесточает Эмбарго поставки еды, медикаментов на 750 mln.$ прерваныFood imports fall by 80%. Transport stopped, factories closed, Electricity block-outs 14-16 hours a day.No friges to storage food,

К 1994 году средний кубинец потерял 9.5 кг

Будущее без нефти. Кубинская модель. Деиндустриализация и деурбанизция

World

WarII

Collap

se of

USSR

Civill W






Total Oil Supply

Western SIberia


Caucasus

20

00

195

0

192

0

193

0

194

0

196

0

1970

198

0

199

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

mlntons

The basic economical indicators growth, %. 1940-1960.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1940 1950 1955 1960Basic production assets

National income

Gros industrial product

Gros agricultural product

Ускоренное послевоенное восстановление и развитиев большой степени обеспечивались растущим потоком нефти от освоения новых месторождений.

World

WarII

Collap

se of

USSR

Civill W






Total Oil Supply

Western SIberia


Caucasus

20

00

195

0

192

0

193

0

194

0

196

0

1970

198

0

199

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

mlntons

Коммунизм это Советска власть + электрификация всей страны

Царствование его величест ва пара, перевернувшего мир в прошлом столетии, окончилось. На его место станет неиз меримо более революционная сила - электрическая искра.

«Мы должны уменьшить унизительную зависимость от сырьевого экспорта, прекратить выжимать последние капли из научно-промышленного потенциала советского периода...»

11.02.10 Президент РФ Д.А. Медведев.

«Должна быть программа, сегодня мы не имеем программу разворота страны от нефтяной зависимости.»

25.04.13 Президент РФ В.В. Путин.

Энергия прогресса. Роль энергетических ресурсов в...

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