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Designation: A193/A193M − 16

Standard Specification for

Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperatureor High Pressure Service and Other Special PurposeApplications1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A193/A193M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year

of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.

A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope*

1.1 This specification2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolt-

ing materials and bolting components for pressure vessels,

valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high

pressure service, or other special purpose applications. See

Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. Bars

and wire shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by

centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless

steel may be carbide solution treated or carbide solution treated

and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless

steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to

ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.

1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels and

austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth.

Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, me-

chanical properties, and high temperature characteristics.

1.3 The following referenced general requirements are in-

dispensable for application of this specification: Specification

A962/A962M.

NOTE 1—The committee formulating this specification has includedseveral steel types that have been rather extensively used for the presentpurpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by thecommittee from time to time as the need becomes apparent.

NOTE 2—For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use at the lowerrange of high temperature applications, reference should be made toSpecification A354.

NOTE 3—For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use in lowtemperature applications, reference should be made to SpecificationA320/A320M.

1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 13.

1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the

option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall

apply only when specified in the purchase order or contract.

1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units

and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract

specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units),

the inch-pound units shall apply.

1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units

are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the

SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each

system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system

shall be used independently of the other. Combining values

from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the

standard.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:3

A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on

Iron and Steel Hardware

A194/A194M Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel,

and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or

High Temperature Service, or Both

A320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless

Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service

A354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel

Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners

A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-

quirements

A962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for

Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryo-

genic to the Creep Range

B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on

Iron and Steel

B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-

posited on Iron and Steel

1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,

Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting

Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.

Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published March 2016. Originally

approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A193/A193M – 15a.

DOI: 10.1520/A0193_A0193M-16.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-

cation SA-193 in Section II of that Code.

3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or

contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM

Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on

the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1

B696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically

Deposited

B766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-

mium

E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-

terials

E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of

Metallic Materials

E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size

E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,

and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials

E150 Recommended Practice for Conducting Creep and

Creep-Rupture Tension Tests of Metallic Materials Under

Conditions of Rapid Heating and Short Times (Withdrawn

1984)4

E151 Recommended Practice for Tension Tests of Metallic

Materials at Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heating

and Conventional or Rapid Strain Rates (Withdrawn

1984)4

E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch

Tension Tests of Materials

E328 Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials and

Structures

E566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Sorting of

Ferrous Metals

E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing

F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-

ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,

Washers, and Rivets (Metric) F0606_F0606M

F1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification to

Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated

Fasteners

F1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on

Threaded Fasteners (Metric) F1941_F1941M

F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-

ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,

Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners

2.2 ASME Standards:5

B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws

B18.2.3.3M Metric Heavy Hex Screws

B18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws

B18.3.1M Metric Socket Head Cap Screws

2.3 AIAG Standard:6

AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Applica-

tion Standard

3. General Requirements and Ordering Information

3.1 The inquiry and orders shall include the following, as

required, to describe the desired bolting material or bolting

components adequately:

3.1.1 Heat-treated condition (that is carbide solution treated

(Class 1), carbide solution treated after finishing (Class 1A),

and carbide solution treated and strain-hardened (Classes 2, 2B

and 2C), for the austenitic stainless steels; Classes 1B and 1C

apply to the carbide solution-treated nitrogen-bearing stainless

steels; Class 1D applies to bolting material that is carbide

solution treated by cooling rapidly from the rolling

temperature),

3.1.2 Description of items required (that is, bars, bolts,

screws, or studs),

3.1.3 Nuts, if required by purchaser, in accordance with

13.1,

3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, if any, and

3.1.5 Special requirements, in accordance with 6.1.5.1,

6.2.6, 8.1, and 13.1.

3.2 Coatings—Coatings are prohibited unless specified by

the purchaser (See Supplementary Requirements S13 and S14).

When coated bolting components are ordered the purchaser

should take special care to ensure that Appendix X2 is

thoroughly understood.

4. Common Requirements

4.1 Bolting materials and bolting components supplied to

this specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci-

fication A962/A962M. These requirements include test

methods, finish, thread dimensions, macroetch (alloy steels

only), marking, certification, optional supplementary

requirements, and others. Failure to comply with the require-

ments of Specification A962/A962M constitutes nonconfor-

mance with this specification. In case of conflict between this

specification and Specification A962/A962M, this specification

shall prevail.

5. Manufacture (Process)

5.1 Melting—See Specification A962/A962M for require-

ments.

5.2 Quality—See Specification A962/A962M for require-

ments.

6. Heat Treatment

6.1 Ferritic Steels:

6.1.1 Ferritic steels shall be allowed to cool to a temperature

below the cooling transformation range immediately after

rolling or forging. Bolting materials shall then be uniformly

reheated to the proper temperature to refine the grain (a group

thus reheated being known as a quenching charge), quenched

in a liquid medium under substantially uniform conditions for

each quenching charge, and tempered. The minimum temper-

ing temperature shall be as specified in Tables 2 and 3.

4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on

www.astm.org.5 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME

International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://

www.asme.org.6 Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,

Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http://www.aiag.org.

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A193/A193M − 16

4

--`````,,,````,,`,``,,`````,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

TABLE 2 Mechanical Requirements — Inch Products

Grade Diameter, in.

Minimum

Tempering

Temperature,

°F

Tensile

Strength,

min, ksi

Yield Strength,

min, 0.2 %

offset,

ksi

Elongation

in 4D,

min, %

Reduction

of Area,

min, %

Hardness,

max

Ferritic Steels

B5

4 to 6 % chromium up to 4, incl 1100 100 80 16 50 . . .

B6

13 % chromium up to 4, incl 1100 110 85 15 50 . . .

B6X

13 % chromium up to 4, incl 1100 90 70 16 50 26 HRC

B7

Chromium-molybdenum 21⁄2 and under 1100 125 105 16 50 321 HBW or

35 HRC

over 21⁄2 to 4 1100 115 95 16 50 321 HBW or

35 HRC

over 4 to 7 1100 100 75 18 50 321 HBW or

35 HRC

B7MA Chromium-molybdenum 4 and under 1150 100 80 18 50 235 HBW or

99 HRB

over 4 to 7 1150 100 75 18 50 235 HBW or

99 HRB

B16

Chromium-molybdenum-vanadium 21⁄2 and under 1200 125 105 18 50 321 HBW or

35 HRC

over 21⁄2 to 4 1200 110 95 17 45 321 HBW or

35 HRC

over 4 to 8 1200 100 85 16 45 321 HBW or

35 HRC

Grade, Diameter, in. Heat TreatmentB

Tensile

Strength,

min, ksi

Yield

Strength,

min, 0.2

% offset,

ksi

Elongation

in 4 D,

min %

Reduction

of Area,

min %

Hardness,

max

Austenitic Steels

Classes 1 and 1D; B8, B8M, B8P,

B8LN, B8MLN, B8CLN, all

diameters

carbide solution treated 75 30 30 50 223 HBW or 96

HRBC

Classes 1 and 1D: B8ML4CuN, all

diameters

carbide solution treated 70 25 35 50 90 HRB

Class 1: B8C, B8T, all diameters carbide solution treated 75 30 30 50 223 HBW or

96HRBC

Class 1A: B8A, B8CA, B8CLNA,

B8MA, B8PA, B8TA, B8LNA,

B8MLNA, B8NA, B8MNA,

B8MLCuNA, all diameters

carbide solution treated in the finished

condition

75 30 30 50 192 HBW or 90

HRB

Class 1A: B8ML4CuNA, all

diameters


Classes 1B and 1D: B8N, B8MN,

B8MLCuN, all diameters


HRBC

Classes 1C and 1D: B8R, all

diameters


HRC

Class 1C: B8RA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished

condition

100 55 35 55 271 HBW or 28

HRC

Classes 1C and 1D: B8S, all

diameters


HRC

Classes 1C: B8SA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished

condition

95 50 35 55 271 HBW or 28

HRC

Class 2: B8, B8C, B8P, B8T,

B8N,D3⁄4 and under

carbide solution treated and strain

hardened

125 100 12 35 321 HBW or 35

HRC

over 3⁄4 to 1, incl 115 80 15 35 321 HBW or 35

HRC

over 1 to 11⁄4, incl 105 65 20 35 321 HBW or 35

HRC

over 11⁄4 to 11⁄2, incl 100 50 28 45 321 HBW or 35

HRC

Class 2: B8M, B8MN,

B8MLCuND3⁄4 and under

carbide solution treated and strain

hardened

110 95 15 45 321 HBW or 35

HRC

A193/A193M − 16

5

TABLE 2 Continued

Grade, Diameter, in. Heat TreatmentB

Tensile

Strength,

min, ksi

Yield

Strength,

min, 0.2

% offset,

ksi

Elongation

in 4 D,

min %

Reduction

of Area,

min %

Hardness,

max

Austenitic Steels

over 3⁄4 to 1 incl 100 80 20 45 321 HBW or 35

HRC

Over 1 to 11⁄4, incl 95 65 25 45 321 HBW or 35

HRC

over 11⁄4 to 11⁄2, incl 90 50 30 45 321 HBW or 35

HRC

Class 2B: B8, B8M2D

2 and undercarbide solution treated and strain

hardened

95 75 25 40 321 HBW or 35

HRC

over 2 to 21⁄2 incl 90 65 30 40 321 HBW or 35

HRC

over 21⁄2 to 3 incl 80 55 30 40 321 HBW or 35

HRC

Class 2C: B8M3D

2 and undercarbide solution treated and strain

hardened

85 65 30 60 321 HBW or 35

HRC

over 2 85 60 30 60 321 HBW or 35

HRC

A To meet the tensile requirements, the Brinell hardness shall be over 200 HBW (93 HRB).B Class 1 is solution treated. Class 1A is solution treated in the finished condition for corrosion resistance; heat treatment is critical due to physical property requirement.

Class 2 is solution treated and strain hardened. Austenitic steels in the strain-hardened condition may not show uniform properties throughout the section particularly in

sizes over 3⁄4 in. in diameter.C For sizes 3⁄4 in. in diameter and smaller, a maximum hardness of 241 HBW (100 HRB) is permitted.D For diameters 11⁄2 and over, center (core) properties may be lower than indicated by test reports which are based on values determined at 1⁄2 radius.

TABLE 3 Mechanical Requirements—Metric Products

Class Diameter, [mm]

Minimum

Tempering

Temperature,

°C

Tensile

Strength,

min,

MPa

Yield Strength,

min, 0.2 %

offset,

MPa

Elongation

in 4D,

min, %

Reduction

of Area,

min, %

Hardness,

max

Ferritic Steels

B5

4 to 6 % chromium up to M100, incl 593 690 550 16 50 . . .

B6

13 % chromium up to M100, incl 593 760 585 15 50 . . .

B6X

13 % chromium up to M100, incl 593 620 485 16 50 26 HRC

B7

Chromium-molybdenum M64 and under 593 860 720 16 50 321 HBW or

35 HRC

over M64 to M100 593 795 655 16 50 321 HBW or

35 HRC

over M100 to M180 593 690 515 18 50 321 HBW or

35 HRC

B7MA Chromium-molybdenum M100 and under 620 690 550 18 50 235 HBW or

99 HRB

over M100 to M180 620 690 515 18 50 235 HBW or

99 HRB

B16

Chromium-molybdenum-vanadium M64 and under 650 860 725 18 50 321 HBW or

35 HRC

over M64 to M100 650 760 655 17 45 321 HBW or

35 HRC

over M100 to M180 650 690 585 16 45 321 HBW or

35 HRC

Class Diameter, mm Heat TreatmentB

Tensile

Strength,

min,

MPa

Yield

Strength,

min, 0.2

% offset,

MPa

Elongation

in 4 D,

min %

Reduction

of Area,

min %

Hardness,

max

Austenitic Steels

Classes 1 and 1D; B8, B8M, B8P, B8LN,

B8MLN, B8CLN, all diameters


HRBC

Classes 1 and 1D: B8ML4CuN, all

diameters


Class 1: B8C, B8T, all diameters carbide solution treated 515 205 30 50 223 HBW or

96HRBC

A193/A193M − 16

6

TABLE 3 Continued

Class Diameter, mm Heat TreatmentB

Tensile

Strength,

min,

MPa

Yield

Strength,

min, 0.2

% offset,

MPa

Elongation

in 4 D,

min %

Reduction

of Area,

min %

Hardness,

max

Austenitic Steels

Class 1A: B8A, B8CA, B8CLNA, B8MA,

B8PA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, B8NA,

B8MNA, B8MLCuNA, all diameters

carbide solution treated in the finished

condition

515 205 30 50 192 HBW or 90

HRB

Class 1A: B8ML4CuNA, all diameters carbide solution treated 480 175 35 50 90 HRB

Classes 1B and 1D: B8N, B8MN,

B8MLCuN, all diameters


HRBC

Classes 1C and 1D: B8R, all diameters carbide solution treated 690 380 35 55 271 HBW or 28

HRC

Class 1C: B8RA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished

condition

690 380 35 55 271 HBW or 28

HRC

Classes 1C and 1D: B8S, all diameters carbide solution treated 655 345 35 55 271 HBW or 28

HRC

Classes 1C: B8SA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished

condition

655 345 35 55 271 HBW or 28

HRC

Class 2: B8, B8C, B8P, B8T, B8N,D

M20 and undercarbide solution treated and strain

hardened

860 690 12 35 321 HBW or 35

HRC

over M20 to M24, incl 795 550 15 35 321 HBW or 35

HRC


HRC


HRC

Class 2: B8M, B8MN, B8MLCuN,D


hardened

760 655 15 45 321 HBW or 35

HRC


HRC


HRC


HRC

Class 2B: B8, B8M2,D


hardened

655 515 25 40 321 HBW or 35

HRC


HRC


HRC

Class 2C: B8M3,D


hardened

585 450 30 60 321 HBW or 35

HRC

over M48 585 415 30 60 321 HBW or 35

HRC

A To meet the tensile requirements, the Brinell hardness shall be over 200 HBW (93 HRB).B Class 1 is solution treated. Class 1A is solution treated in the finished condition for corrosion resistance; heat treatment is critical due to physical property requirement.

Class 2 is solution treated and strain hardened. Austenitic steels in the strain-hardened condition may not show uniform properties throughout the section particularly in

sizes over M20 mm in diameterC For sizes M20 mm in diameter and smaller, a maximum hardness of 241 HBW (100 HRB) is permitted.D For diameters M38 and over, center (core) properties may be lower than indicated by test reports which are based on values determined at 1⁄2 radius.

6.1.2 Use of water quenching is prohibited for any ferritic

grade when heat treatment is performed after heading or

threading.

6.1.3 Except as permitted below for B6X; bolting material

that is subsequently cold drawn for dimensional control shall

be stress-relieved after cold drawing. The minimum stress-

relief temperature shall be within not more than 100 °F [55 °C]

below the tempering temperature. Tests for mechanical prop-

erties shall be performed after stress relieving.

6.1.4 B6 and B6X shall be held at the tempering tempera-

ture for a minimum time of 1 h. B6X bolting material may be

furnished in the as-rolled-and-tempered condition. Cold work-

ing after heat treatment is permitted for B6X material provided

the final hardness meets the requirements of Tables 2 and 3.

6.1.5 B7 and B7M shall be heat treated by quenching in a

liquid medium and tempering. For B7M bolting components,

such as bolts, studs, or screws, the final heat treatment, which

may be the tempering operation if conducted at 1150 °F [620

°C] minimum, shall be done after all machining and forming

operations, including thread rolling and any type of cutting.

Surface preparation for hardness testing, nondestructive

evaluation, or ultrasonic bolt tensioning is permitted.

A193/A193M − 16

7

6.1.5.1 Unless otherwise specified, bolting material for

Grade B7 may be heat treated by the Furnace, the Induction or

the Electrical Resistance method.

NOTE 4—Stress-relaxation properties may vary from heat lot to heat lot

or these properties may vary from one heat-treating method to another.

The purchaser may specify Supplementary Requirement S8, when stress-

relaxation testing is desired.

6.1.6 Bolting material Grade B16 shall be heated to a

temperature range from 1700 to 1750 °F [925 to 955 °C] and

oil quenched. The minimum tempering temperature shall be as

specified in Tables 2 and 3.

6.2 Austenitic Stainless Steels:

6.2.1 All austenitic stainless steels shall receive a carbide

solution treatment (see 6.2.2 – 6.2.5 for specific requirements

for each class). Classes 1, 1B, 1C (Grades B8R and B8S only),

2, 2B, and 2C can apply to bar, wire, and finished bolting

components. Class 1A (all grades) and Class 1C (grades B8RA

and B8SA only) can apply to finished bolting components.

Class 1D applies only to bar and wire and finished bolting

components that are machined directly from Class 1D bar or

wire without any subsequent hot or cold working.

6.2.2 Classes 1 and 1B, and Class 1C Grades B8R and

B8S—After rolling of the bar, forging, or heading, whether

done hot or cold, bolting material shall be heated from ambient

temperature and held a sufficient time at a temperature at which

the chromium carbide will go into solution and then shall be

cooled at a rate sufficient to prevent the precipitation of the

carbide.

6.2.3 Class 1D—Rolled or forged Grades B8, B8M, B8P,

B8LN, B8MLN, B8N, B8MN, B8R, and B8S bar shall be

cooled rapidly immediately following hot working while the

temperature is above 1750 °F [955 °C] so that grain boundary

carbides remain in solution. Class 1D shall be restricted to

applications at temperatures less than 850 °F [455 °C].

6.2.4 Class 1A and Class 1C Grades B8RA and B8SA—

Finished bolting components shall be carbide solution treated

after all rolling, forging, heading, and threading operations are

complete. This designation does not apply to starting material

such as bar. Components shall be heated from ambient tem-

perature and held a sufficient time at a temperature at which the

chromium carbide will go into solution and then shall be

cooled at a rate sufficient to prevent the precipitation of the

carbide.

6.2.5 Classes 2, 2B, and 2C—Bolting material shall be

carbide solution treated by heating from ambient temperature

and holding a sufficient time at a temperature at which the

chromium carbide will go into solution and then cooling at a

rate sufficient to prevent the precipitation of the carbide.

Following this treatment the bolting material shall then be

strain hardened to achieve the required properties.

NOTE 5—Heat treatment following operations performed on a limited

portion of the product, such as heading, may result in non-uniform grain

size and mechanical properties through the section affected.

6.2.6 If a scale-free bright finish is required; this shall be

specified in the purchase order.

7. Chemical Composition

7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition

requirements prescribed in Table 1.

8. Heat Analysis

8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the

manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements

specified in Section 7. The chemical composition thus deter-

mined shall be reported to the purchaser or the purchaser’s

representative, and shall conform to the requirements specified

in Section 7. Should the purchaser deem it necessary to have

the transition zone of two heats sequentially cast discarded, the

purchaser shall invoke Supplementary Requirement S3 of

Specification A788/A788M.

9. Mechanical Properties

9.1 Tensile Properties:

9.1.1 Requirements—Bolting material as represented by the

tension specimens shall conform to the requirements pre-

scribed in Tables 2 and 3 at room temperature after heat

treatment. Alternatively, stainless strain hardened bolting com-

ponents (Class 2, 2B, and 2C) shall be tested full size after

strain hardening to determine tensile strength and yield

strength and shall conform to the requirements prescribed in

Tables 2 and 3. Should the results of full size tests conflict with

results of tension specimen tests, full size test results shall

prevail.

9.1.2 Full Size Bolting Components, Wedge Tensile

Testing—When applicable, see 12.1.3, headed components

shall be wedge tested full size. The minimum full size load

applied (lbf or kN) for individual sizes shall be as follows:

W 5 T s 3 A t (1)

where:

W = minimum wedge tensile load without fracture,Ts = tensile strength specified in ksi or MPa in Tables 2 and

3, andAt = stress area of the thread section, square inches or square

millimetres, as shown in the Cone Proof Load Tables in

Specification A962/A962M.

9.2 Hardness Requirements:

9.2.1 The hardness shall conform to the requirements pre-

scribed in Tables 2 and 3. Hardness testing shall be performed

in accordance with either Specification A962/A962M or with

Test Methods F606.

9.2.2 Grade B7M—The maximum hardness of the grade

shall be 235 HBW or 99 HRB. The minimum hardness shall

not be less than 200 HBW or 93 HRB. Conformance to this

hardness shall be ensured by testing the hardness of each stud

or bolt by Brinell or Rockwell B methods in accordance with

9.2.1. The use of 100 % electromagnetic testing for hardness as

an alternative to 100 % indentation hardness testing is permis-

sible when qualified by sampling using indentation hardness

testing. Each lot tested for hardness electromagnetically shall

be 100 % examined in accordance with Practice E566. Follow-

ing electromagnetic testing for hardness, a random sample of a

minimum of 100 pieces of each heat of steel in each lot (as

defined in 12.1.1) shall be tested by indentation hardness

A193/A193M − 16

8

methods. All samples must meet hardness requirements to

permit acceptance of the lot. If any one sample is outside of the

specified maximum or minimum hardness, the lot shall be

rejected and either reprocessed and resampled or tested 100 %

by indentation hardness methods.

9.2.2.1 Surface preparation for indentation hardness testing

shall be in accordance with Test Methods E18. Hardness tests

shall be performed on the end of the bolt or stud. When this is

impractical, the hardness test shall be performed elsewhere.

10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance

10.1 Bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts shall be pointed and

shall have a workmanlike finish. Points shall be flat and

chamfered or rounded at option of the manufacturer. Length of

point on studs and stud bolts shall be not less than one nor more

than two complete threads as measured from the extreme end

parallel to the axis. Length of studs and stud bolts shall be

measured from first thread to first thread.

10.2 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, bolt

heads shall be in accordance with the dimensions of ASME

B18.2.1 or ASME B18.2.3.3M. Unless otherwise specified in

the purchase order, the Heavy Hex Screws Series should be

used for nominal body diameters of 11⁄4 in. [30 mm] and less.

For larger sizes, the Heavy Hex Screw Series should be used,

except the maximum body diameter and radius of fillet may be

the same as for the Heavy Hex Bolt Series. The body diameter

and head fillet radius for sizes of Heavy Hex Cap Screws and

Bolts that are not shown in their respective tables in ASME

B18.2.1 or ASME B18.2.3.3M may be that shown in the

corresponding Hex Cap Screw and Bolt Tables respectively.

Socket head screws or bolts shall be in accordance with ASME

B18.3 or ASME B18.3.1M.

11. Retests

11.1 If the results of the mechanical tests of any test lot do

not conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer

may retreat such lot not more than twice, in which case two

additional tension tests shall be made from such lot, all of

which shall conform to the requirements specified.

12. Test Specimens

12.1 Number of Tests—For heat-treated bars, one tension

test shall be made for each diameter of each heat represented in

each tempering charge. When heat treated without interruption

in continuous furnaces, the material in a lot shall be the same

heat, same prior condition, same size, and subjected to the

same heat treatment. Not fewer than two tension tests are

required for each lot containing 20 000 lb [9000 kg] or less.

Every additional 10 000 lb [4500 kg] or fraction thereof

requires one additional test.

12.1.1 For studs, bolts, screws, and so forth, one tension test

shall be made for each diameter of each heat involved in the

lot. Each lot shall consist of the following:

Diameter, in. [mm] Lot Size

11⁄8 [30] and under 1500 lb [780 kg] or fraction thereof

Over 11⁄8 [30] to 13⁄4 [42], incl 4500 lb [2000 kg] or fraction thereof

Over 13⁄4 [42] to 21⁄2 [64], incl 6000 lb [2700 kg] or fraction thereof

Over 21⁄2 [64] 100 pieces or fraction thereof

12.1.2 Tension tests are not required to be made on bolts,

screws, studs, or stud bolts that are fabricated from heat-treated

bars furnished in accordance with the requirements of this

specification and tested in accordance with 12.1, provided they

are not given a subsequent heat treatment.

12.1.3 Full Size Specimens, Headed Bolting Components—

Headed bolts or screws 11⁄2 in. in body diameter and smaller,

with body length three times the diameter or longer, and that

are produced by upsetting or forging (hot or cold) shall be

subjected to full size testing in accordance with 9.1.2. This

testing shall be in addition to tensile testing as specified in

9.1.1. Wedge tensile testing shall be limited to product with

socket head cap screw, hexagon, square, hex flange, or twelve

point flange heads. The lot size shall be as shown in 12.1.1.

Failure shall occur in the body or threaded section with no

failure, or indications of failure, such as cracks, at the junction

of the head and shank. Wedge tensile testing is not required for

flat countersunk head or socket button products.

13. Nuts

13.1 Bolts, studs, and stud bolts shall be furnished with

nuts, when specified in the purchase order. Nuts shall conform

to Specification A194/A194M.

14. Certification

14.1 Certification is required. In addition to the require-

ments of Specification A962/A962M the report shall include

results of the chemical analysis, macroetch examination (Car-

bon and Alloy Steels Only), and mechanical tests, and state the

method of heat treatment employed.

15. Product Marking

15.1 See Specification A962/A962M. The grade symbol

shall be as shown in Table 4 and Table 5. Grade B7M no longer

requires a line under the grade symbol. However, a line is

permitted.

16. Keywords

16.1 alloy steel bars; alloy steel bolting; bolting compo-

nents; bolting materials; hardness; heat treatment; stainless

steel bolting

TABLE 4 Marking of Ferritic Steels

Grade Grade Symbol

B5 B5

B6 B6

B6X B6X

B7 B7

B7M B7M or B7M

B16 B16

B16 +

Supplement S12

B16R

A193/A193M − 16

9

--`````,,,````,,`,``,,`````,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

TABLE 5 Marking of Austenitic Steels

Class Grade Grade Symbol

Class 1 B8 B8

B8C B8C

B8M B8M

B8P B8P

B8T B8T

B8LN B8F or B8LN

B8MLN B8G or B8MLN

B8CLN B8Y or B8CLN

B8ML4CuN B8YY or B8ML4CuN

Class 1A B8A B8A

B8CA B8B or B8CA

B8MA B8D or B8MA

B8PA B8H or B8PA

B8TA B8J or B8TA

B8LNA B8L or B8LNA

B8MLNA B8K or B8MLNA

B8NA B8V or B8MA

B8MNA B8W or B8MNA

B8MLCuNA B9K or B8MLCuNA

B8CLNA B8Z or B8CLNA

B8ML4CuNA B8ZZ or B8MLCuNA

Class 1B B8N

B8MN

B8MLCuN

B8N

B8Y or B8MN

B9J or B8MLCuN

Class 1C B8R B9A or B8R

B8RA B9B or B8RA

B8S B9D or B8S

B8SA B9F or B8SA

Class 1D B8 B94

B8M B95

B8P B96

B8LN B97

B8MLN B98

B8N B99

B8MN B100

B8R B101

B8S B102

B8CLN B103

B8ML4CuN B104

Class 2 B8 B8SH

B8C B8CSH

B8P B8PSH

B8T B8TSH

B8N B8NSH

B8M B8MSH

B8MN B8YSH

B8MLCuN B8JSH

Class 2B B8M2

B8

B9G or B8M2

B9

Class 2C B8M3 B9H or B8M3

A193/A193M − 16

10

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

These requirements shall not apply unless specified in the order and in the Ordering Information,

in which event the specified tests shall be made before shipment of the product.

S1. High Temperature Tests

S1.1 Tests to determine high temperature properties shall be

made in accordance with Test Methods E21, E139, and E292,

and Practices E150 and E151.

S2. Charpy Impact Tests

S2.1 Charpy impact tests based on the requirements of

Specification A320/A320M, Sections 6 and 7, shall be made as

agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. When

testing temperatures are as low as those specified in Specifi-

cation A320/A320M, bolting should be ordered to that speci-

fication in preference to this specification.

S3. 100 % Hardness Testing of Grade B7M

S3.1 Each Grade B7M bolt or stud shall be tested for

hardness by indentation method and shall meet the require-

ments specified in Tables 2 and 3.

S4. Hardness Testing of Grade B16

S4.1 For bolts or studs 21⁄2 in. [65 mm] or smaller, the

hardness for Grade B16 shall be measured on or near the end

of each bolt or stud using one of the methods prescribed in

9.2.1 for the Brinell or Rockwell C test. The hardness shall be

in the range 253–319 HBW or 25–34 HRC.

S5. Product Marking

S5.1 Grade and manufacturer’s identification symbols shall

be applied to one end of studs and to the heads of bolts and

screws of all sizes. (If the available area is inadequate, the

grade symbol may be marked on one end and the manufactur-

er’s identification symbol marked on the other end.) For bolts

and screws smaller than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] in diameter and studs

smaller than 3⁄8 in. [10 mm] in diameter and for 1⁄4 in. [6 mm]

in diameter studs requiring more than a total of three symbols,

the marking shall be a matter of agreement between the

purchaser and the manufacturer.

S6. Stress Relieving

S6.1 A stress-relieving operation shall follow straightening

after heat treatment.

S6.2 The minimum stress-relieving temperature shall be

100 °F [55 °C] below the tempering temperature. Tests for

mechanical properties shall be performed after stress relieving.

S7. Magnetic Particle Inspection

S7.1 Bars shall be magnetic particle examined in accor-

dance with Guide E709. Bars with indications of cracks or

seams are subject to rejection if the indications extend more

than 3 % of the diameter into the bar.

S8. Stress-Relaxation Testing

S8.1 Stress-Relaxation Testing, when required, shall be

done in accordance with Test Methods E328. The test shall be

performed at 850 °F [454 °C] for a period of 100 h. The initial

stress shall be 50 M psi [345 MPa]. The residual stress at 100

h shall be 17 M psi [117 MPa] minimum.

S9. Grain Size Requirements for Non H Grade Austenitic

Steels Used Above 1000 °F

S9.1 For design metal temperatures above 1000 °F [540

°C], the material shall have a grain size of No. 7 or coarser as

determined in accordance with Test Methods E112. The grain

size so determined shall be reported on the Certificate of Test.

S10. Hardness Testing of Class 2 Bolting for ASME

Applications

S10.1 The maximum hardness shall be Rockwell C35 im-

mediately under the thread roots. The hardness shall be taken

on a flat area at least 1⁄8 in. [3 mm] across, prepared by

removing threads, and no more material than necessary shall be

removed to prepare the flat areas. Hardness determinations

shall be made at the same frequency as tensile tests.

S11. Thread Forming

S11.1 Threads shall be formed after heat treatment. Appli-

cation of this supplemental requirement to grade B7M or the

grades listed in 6.2.4 is prohibited.

S12. Stress Rupture Testing of Grade B16

S12.1 One test shall be made for each heat treat lot. Testing

shall be conducted using a combination test bar in accordance

with Test Methods E292. Rupture shall occur in the smooth

section of each test specimen. The test shall be conducted at

1100 °F [595 °C] and 20 ksi [140 MPa]. The test shall be

continued until the sample ruptures. Rupture life shall be 25 h

minimum. Testing is not required on material less than 1⁄2 in.

[12 mm] thick.

S12.2 When a purchase order for bolting components in-

vokes S12, the grade symbol applied shall be “B16R.”

S13. Coatings on Bolting Components

S13.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the

purchase order all information required by the coating facility.

Examples of such information may include but are not limited

to the following:

S13.1.1 Reference to the appropriate coating specification

and type, thickness, location, modification to dimensions, and

hydrogen embrittlement relief.

S13.1.2 Reference to Specifications A153/A153M, B633,

B695, B696, B766, or F1941, F2329, or Test Method F1940, or

other standards.

S14. Marking Coated Bolting Components

S14.1 Bolting components coated with zinc shall have ZN

marked after the grade symbol. Bolting components coated

with cadmium shall have CD marked after the grade symbol.

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NOTE S14.1—As an example, the marking for zinc-coated B7 will nowbe B7ZN rather than B7*.

S15. Requirements for Service Temperature Exceeding

1000°F

S15.1 For bolting of Class 1 Grades B8, B8C, B8M, and

B8T, to be used in service at temperatures exceeding 1000°F,

the following shall apply:

S15.1.1 The minimum carbon content shall be 0.04 %.

S15.1.2 Carbide solution treatment shall be between 1900°F

and 1950°F followed by quenching in water or rapid cooling

by other means.

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. STRAIN HARDENING OF AUSTENITIC STEELS

X1.1 Strain hardening is the increase in strength and hard-

ness that results from plastic deformation below the recrystal-

lization temperature (cold work). This effect is produced in

austenitic stainless steels by reducing oversized bars or wire to

the desired final size by cold drawing or other process. The

degree of strain hardening achievable in any alloy is limited by

its strain hardening characteristics. In addition, the amount of

strain hardening that can be produced is further limited by the

variables of the process, such as the total amount of cross-

section reduction, die angle, and bar size. In large diameter

bars, for example, plastic deformation will occur principally in

the outer regions of the bar so that the increased strength and

hardness due to strain hardening is achieved predominantly

near the surface of the bar. That is, the smaller the bar, the

greater the penetration of strain hardening.

X1.2 Thus, the mechanical properties of a given strain

hardened bolting component are dependent not just on the

alloy, but also on the size of bar from which it is machined. The

minimum bar size that can be used, however, is established by

the configuration of the component so that the configuration

can affect the strength of the componoent.

X1.3 For example, a stud of a particular alloy and size may

be machined from a smaller diameter bar than a bolt of the

same alloy and size because a larger diameter bar is required to

accommodate the head of the bolt. The stud, therefore, is likely

to be stronger than the same size bolt in a given alloy.

X2. COATINGS AND APPLICATION LIMITS

X2.1 Use of coated bolting components at temperatures

above approximately one-half the melting point (Fahrenheit or

Celsius) of the coating is not recommended unless consider-

ation is given to the potential for liquid and solid metal

embrittlement, or both. The melting point of elemental zinc is

approximately 780 °F [415 °C]. Therefore, application of

zinc-coated bolting components should be limited to tempera-

tures less than 390 °F [210 °C]. The melting point of cadmium

is approximately 600 °F [320 °C]. Therefore, application of

cadmium-coated bolting components should be limited to

temperatures less than 300 °F [160 °C].

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,

A193/A193M – 15a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved March 1, 2016).

(1) Revised Table 1 to delete reference to tantalum for Grades

B8R and B8RA.

(2) Reformatted Table 1.

(3) Revised Table 1 and Note A of Table 1 to delete the word,

max, where it appears in the table and instead reference Note

A.

(4) Revised Note B of Table 1 to clarify meaning of tolerance

values.

(5) Deleted Note F of Table 1.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,

A193/A193M–14a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved June 1, 2015).

A193/A193M − 16

12

(1) Added Section S15, new Supplementary Requirements.

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A193/A193M − 16

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