acute illness – begins suddenly and continues for a short period chronic illness – progresses...
TRANSCRIPT
ACUTE ILLNESS – BEGINS SUDDENLY AND CONTINUES FOR A SHORT PERIOD
CHRONIC ILLNESS – PROGRESSES SLOWLLY, OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME
TERMINAL ILLNESS – RECOVERY IS NOT EXPECTED AND IT ENDS IN DEATH
TUMOR - RAPID GROWTH OF ABNORMAL CELLS
MALIGNANT TUMOR – GROWS RAPIDLY AND INVADES OTHER BODY TISSUES
BENIGN TUMOR – GROWS SLOWLY AND REMAINS IN A LOCALIZED AREA
METASTASIS – THE SPREAD OF CANCER TO OTHER AREAS OF THE BODY
RISK FACTORS FOR CANCER TOBACCO – SMOKING, CHEWING, AND SECOND-HAND SMOKE
EXPOSURE TO RADIATION – SUN, TANNING BOOTHS, X-RAY PROCEDURES
ALCOHOL
DIET – HIGH FAT DIET, OVERWEIGHT
CHEMICALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES – METALS, PESTICIDES, ASBESTOS
HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL – SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN
CLOSE RELATIVES WITH CERTAIN TYPES OF CANCER - MELANOMA, BREAST, OVARIAN, PROSTATE, COLON CANCER
SURGERY – TUMORS ARE REMOVED TO CURE OR CONTROL THE CANCER.
RADIATION – X-RAY BEAMS ARE DIRECTED TO THE CANCEROUS AREAS. DESTROYS BOTH CANCER AND NORMAL CELLS.
CHEMOTHERAPY – DRUGS ARE GIVEN THAT DESTROY BOTH CANCER AND NORMAL CELLS.
TREATMENT SIDE EFFECTS INCLUDE :
WEAKNESS, NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, LOSS OF APPETITE, HAIR LOSS
PAIN RELIEF OR CONTROL
REST AND EXERCISE
FLUIDS AND NUTRITION
PREVENTION OF SKIN BREAKDOWN
PREVENTION OF CONSTIPATION
DEALING WITH TREATMENT SIDE EFFECTS
PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND SPIRITUAL NEEDS
THE WEARING AWAY OF THE CARTILAGE THAT COVERS THE ENDS OF BONES AT THE JOINT.
JOINTS BECOME STIFF AND PAINFUL
OCCURS WITH AGING, JOINT INJURY, OBESITY.
PAIN OCCURS WITH WEIGHT-BEARING AND JOINT MOVEMENT.
HIPS, KNEES, SPINE, FINGERS, AND THUMB OR COMMONLY AFFECTED.
ARTHRITIS – INFLAMMATION OF A JOINT
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE JOINTS
CAUSES REDNESS, SWELLING,STIFFNESS, AND PAIN
CAN OCCUR AT ANY AGE
MORE COMMON IN WOMEN
MEDICATIONS TO TREAT THE PAIN AND INFLAMATION
HEAT OR COLD APPLICATIONS
SURGICAL REPLACEMENT OF AFFECTED JOINTS
ASSIST WITH ADL’S
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE ROM EXERCISES
ENCOURAGE ACTIVITY AND INDEPENDENCE
PROVIDE ADAPTIVE EQUIPMENT – CANE,WALKER, PLATE, SILVERWARE, RAISED TOLIET SEAT
LOSS OF BONE TISSUE AND LACK OF CALCIUM CAUSES BONES TO BECOME BRITTLE AND POROUS.
TOBACCO USE, ALCOHOLISM, BEDREST, AND IMMOBILITY ARE OTHER RISK FACTORS
BONES OF THE SPINE, HIPS AND WRISTS MOST OFTEN AFFECTED
MORE COMMON IN WOMEN BECAUSE OF HORMONAL CHANGES AND LOSS OF CALCIUM AFTER MENOPAUSE
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS INCLUDE LOW BACK PAIN, GRADUAL LOSS OF HEIGHT, AND STOOPED POSTURE
FRACTURES CAN EASILY OCCUR.
CALCIUM AND VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS
WEIGHT-BEARING EXERCISE : WALKING
STRENGTH TRAINING : WEIGHT LIFTING
BACK BRACES
WALKING AIDS
PROTECT FROM FALLS AND ACCIDENTS
BE GENTLE!
IN A CLOSED FRACTURE THE BONE IS BROKEN BUT THE SKIN IS INTACT
IN AN OPEN FRACTURE THE SKIN IS BROKEN AND THE BONE PROTRUDES FROM THE SKIN
A BROKEN BONE
• DO NOT COVER A WET CAST WITH BLANKETS, OR OTHER MATERIAL. CASTS GIVE OFF HEAT AS THEY DRY AND CAN CAUSE BURNS IF THE HEAT IS NOT ALLOWED TO ESCAPE.
• USE PILLOWS TO SUPPORT THE CAST. DO NOT LET THE CAST REST ON A HARD SURFACE.
• SUPPORT THE CAST WITH YOUR PALMS, NOT YOUR FINGERTIPS.
• CHECK FOR ROUGH EDGES ON THE CAST.
• DO NOT STICK ANYTHING DOWN THE CAST TO SCRATCH.
• ELEVATE THE CASTED EXTREMITY.
• REPORT C/O PAIN, NUMBNESS, ODOR, SWELLING, PALE SKIN, CYANOSIS, OR DRAINAGE ON THE CAST.
KEEP THE PERSON IN GOOD ALIGNMENT
DO NOT REMOVE THE TRACTION
LET THE WEIGHTS HANG FREELY
DO NOT ADD OR REMOVE WEIGHTS
PERSON USUALLY MUST REMAIN ON THEIR BACK
GIVE GOOD SKIN CARE TO PREVENT BREAKDOWN
CHANGE THE LINEN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
PERSON CAN USE A TRAPEZE TO HELP MOVE UPPER BODY
CHECK PIN SITES FOR SIGNS OF INFECTION
AMPUTATION IS THE REMOVAL OF ALL OR PART OF AN EXTREMITY.
PROSTHESIS- ARTIFICIAL BODY PART
HIP FRACTURES ARE COMMON IN ELDERLY PERSONS
HIP FRACTURES ALWAYS REQUIRE SURGERY
MAY NEED PIN, SCREWS OR JOINT REPLACEMENT
REHABILITATION WILL BE NEEDED AFTER SURGERY
PARTIAL WEIGHT BEARING – SOME WEIGHT MAY BE PUT ON AFFECTED LIMB
FULL WEIGHT BEARING – TOTAL WEIGHT MAY BE PUT ON AFFECTED LIMB
KEEP HIP ABDUCTED WHEN IN BED
PUT PILLOW BETWEEN LEGS
DO NOT ROTATE THE HIP OUTWARD
DO NOT BEND FROM WAIST (MORE THAN 90˚)
DO NOT ALLOW THE PATIENT TO CROSS HIS LEGS
A MINOR STROKE MAY CAUSE MINOR DAMAGE
A MAJOR STROKE MAY CAUSE SEVERE DAMAGE
SYMPTOMS DEPEND ON THE AREA OF THE BRAIN DAMAGED
A STROKE ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE BRAIN CAUSES SYMPTOMS ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE BODY
A STROKE ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE BRAIN CAUSES SYMPTOMS ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE BODY
HEMIPLEGIA – PARALYSIS ON ONE SIDE OF THE BODY
EXPRESSIVE APHASIA – DIFFICULTY IN SPEAKING OR WRITING
RECEPTIVE APHASIA – DIFFICULTY IN UNDERSTANDING
MAY NEED ASSISTANCE WITH ADL’S
EMOTIONAL COMPLICATIONS OF A STROKE
ANGRY OUTBURSTS
SUDDEN TEARS ( LABILE TEARS )
INAPPROPRIATE CRYING OR LAUGHING
INCREASED IRRITABILITY
MAY HAVE PERSONALITY OR BEHAVIOR CHANGES
SUDDEN NUMBNESS OR WEAKNESS OF THE FACE, ARM, OR LEG, OR ON ONE SIDE OF THE BODY
SUDDEN CONFUSION, TROUBLE SPEAKING, OR UNDERSTANDING
SUDDEN TROUBLE SEEING IN ONE OR BOTH EYES
SUDDEN TROUBLE WALKING, DIZZINESS, OR LOSS OF BALANCE
SUDDEN, SEVERE HEADACHES
CAUSED BY LACK OF A CHEMICAL NEUROTRANSMITTER
IN THE BRAIN.
CHRONIC DISEASE THAT AFFECTS CONTROL OF MOTOR FUNCTION
INTELLIGENCE IS NOT AFFECTED
MASK-LIKE FACIAL EXPRESSION
TREMORS
SWALLOWING PROBLEMS
MEDICATIONS MAY HELP SYMPTOMS
ONSET USUALLY BETWEEN THE AGES OF 20 AND 40
PROGRESSIVE DISEASE THAT AFFECTS THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
GRADUAL DESTRUCTION OF MYELIN, SUBSTANCE THAT COATS AND INSULATES THE NERVE FIBERS
CAUSES INTERFERENCE WITH THE TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES
SYMPTOMS INCLUDE NUMBNESS, WEAKNESS, TREMORS, LOSS OF BALANCE, AND PARALYSIS
THERE IS NO CURE FOR MS
INJURY OCCURS TO THE BRAIN OR SPINAL CORD
PERSON MAY BE COMATOSE
SYMPTOMS OF HEARING LOSS
SPEAKING TOO LOUDLY
LEANING FORWARD TO HEAR
TURNING AND CUPPING THE BETTER EAR TOWARD THE SPEAKER
ANSWERING QUESTIONS INAPPROPRIATELY
ASKING FOR WORDS TO BE REPEATED
ALERT THE PERSON TO YOUR PRESENCE
DO NOT APPROACH THE PERSON FROM BEHIND
POSITION YOURSELF AT THE PERSON’S LEVEL
FACE THE PERSON WHEN SPEAKING
STAND OR SIT IN GOOD LIGHT
SPEAK CLEARLY AND DISTINCTLY
DO NOT SHOUT
DO NOT COVER YOUR MOUTH, SMOKE, EAT, OR CHEW GUM WHILE TALKING
SIT ON THE SIDE OF THE BETTER EAR
KEEP CONVERSATIONS SHORT
TURN OFF THE HEARING AID WHEN NOT IN USE.
CHECK AND REPLACE THE BATTERIES AS NEEDED
DO NOT GET THE HEARING AID WET!!!
TAKE THE HEARING AID OFF BEFORE SHOWERING OR SHAMPOOING
CLEAN THE EARMOLD WITH A SLIGHTLY DAMP CLOTH WHEN NEEDED
CLOUDING OF THE LENS
PAINLESS
PROGRSSIVE
RESULTS IN LOSS OF VISION
LENS MUST BE SURGICALLY REMOVED AND A NEW LENS IMPLANTED
PRESSURE WITHIN THE EYE INCREASES
SYMPTOMS INCLUDE BLURRED VISION,AND THE PERSON SEES “HALOS” OR RINGS OF LIGHTS AROUND OBJECTS
CAN CAUSE TOTAL BLINDNESS IF NOT TREATED
TREATED WITH EYE DROPS THAT DECREASE THE PRESSURE IN THE EYE
CARING FOR THE BLIND PERSON
IDENTIFY YOURSELF WHEN YOU ENTER A ROOM. GIVE YOUR NAME AND TITLE. DO NOT TOUCH THE PERSON UNTIL YU HAVE INDICATED YOUR PRESENCE. ADDRESS THE PERSON BY NAME WHEN YOU ARE TALKING TO THEM. THIS WAY THEY WILL KNOW THE COMMENT OR QUESTION IS DIRECTED AT THEM. DO NOT REARRANGE THE FURNITURE.KEEP DOORS EITHER OPEN OR SHUT – NOT PARTLY OPEN. KEEP HALLWAYS FREE OF EQUIPMENT. WALK SLIGHTLY AHEAD OF THE PERSON. TELL THE PERSON WHEN YOU ARE COMING TO A CURB OR STEPS. EXPLAIN FOOD PLACEMENT BY REFERRING TO THE HANDS OF A CLOCK.
THREE DISORDERS ARE GROUPED TOGETHER UNDER THE NAME COPD
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
EMPHYSEMA
ASTHMA
THESE DISORDERS INTERFERE WITH THE NORMAL EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE LUNGS. THEY OBSTRUCT AIR FLOW.
INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHIAL TUBES
PART OF AN UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION
SYMPTOMS INCLUDE FEVER, CHILLS, SORE THROAT, AND COUGH.
LUNG TISSUE LOSES ITS ELASTICITYAND THE ALVEOLI REMAIN EXPANDED
THE PERSON BREATHES HARDER AND FASTER IN AN ATTEMPT TO GET MORE AIR
THE PERSON LEANS FORWARD IN AN
ATTEMPT TO BREATHE EASIER
THE SKIN IS USUALLY CYANOTIC
AND THE PERSON DEVELOPS A
“BARREL CHEST”
AIR PASSAGES NARROW WITH ASTHMA
RESULTS IN DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING
EPISODES CAN OCCUR SUDDENLY AND ARE CALLED ASTHMA ATTACKS
MEDICATION IS GIVEN WHICH DILATES THE RESPIRATORY PASSAGES
REPEATED ATTACKS CAN DAMAGE THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
INFECTION OF THE LUNG TISSUE
ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA
CAUSED BY FOOD, FLUID, OR SECRETIONS IN THE
LOWER AIRWAY
HYPOSTATIC PNEUMONIA
FLUIDS ACCUMULATE IN THE LUMGS, LEADING
TO INFECTION
CAUSED BY A BACTERIAL INFECTION
STEADY INCREASE IN TB CASES EACH YEAR DUE TO INFECTION IN AIDS PATIENTS
SPREAD BY AIRBORNE DROPLETS
DISEASE IS FOUND BY SKIN TEST OR CHEST X-RAY
TREATMENT MAY TAKE FROM 3 TO 7 MONTHS OF DRUG THERAPY
POSITION THE PATIENT FOR EASE IN BREATHING.
ENCOURAGE FLUIDS.
ENCOURAGE PROPER NUTRITION.
PROVIDE FREQUENT REST PERIODS.
PROVIDE MOUTH CARE EVERY TWO HOURS OR MORE OFTEN IF NEEDED.
ASSIST WITH OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION IF ORDERED.
ABNORMAL RESPIRATORY PATTERNS
TACHYPNEA
BRADYPNEA
APNEA
DYSPNEA
HYPERVENTILATION
HYPOVENTILATION
PROMOTING OXYGENATION
POSITIONING
FOWLERS
ORTHOPNEIC
COUGHING AND DEEP BREATHING EXERCISES
REMOVES MUCUS
ALLOWS MORE AIR INTO LUNGS
OXYGEN SOURCES
WALL OUTLET OXYGEN TANK OXYGEN CONVERTOR
COMMON OXYGEN DEVICES
NASAL CANNULA
NON-REBREATHER MASK
RULES FOR OXYGEN SAFETY
FOLLOW NURSES DIRECTIONS AS TO WHEN TO REMOVE OXYGEN DELIVERY DEVICE.
CHECK FOR SIGNS OF IRRITATION FROM THE DEVICE.
NEVER SHUT OFF OR ADUST THE OXYGEN FLOW RATE.
TELL THE NURSE IF THE FLOW RATE HAS BEEN CHANGED.
GIVE ORAL HYGIENE AS NEEDED.
REMIND THE PERSON AND FAMILY NOT TO SMOKE WHEN OXYGEN IS BEING USED.
MEDICAL TERM FOR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
HYPERTENSION IS COMMON IN HEART DISEASE AND DIABETES.
CORONARY ARTERIES SUPPLY THE HEART WITH BLOOD.
IF THEY BECOME CLOGGED OR BLOCKED THE BLOOD FLOW TO THE HEART MUSCLE IS DECREASED.
GENDER
AGE
FAMILY HISTORY
SMOKING
OBESITY
LACK OF EXERCISE
HYPERTENSION
HIGH CHOLESTEROL
DIABETES
MAJOR COMPLICATIONS INCLUDE ANGINA PECTORIS AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
ANGINA IS CHEST PAIN THAT OCCURS WHEN NARROWED BLOOD VESSELS DO NOT ALLOW ENOUGH OXYGENATED BLOOD TO REACH THE HEART MUSCLE.
ANGINA SITES
ATTACKS MAY BE TRIGGERED BY EXERCISE, EATING, OR AN EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE.
REST AND NITROGLYCERIN OFTEN RELIEVE SYMPTOMS.
OCCURS FROM AN ABRUPT DECREASE IN CORONARY BLOOD FLOW
MAY BE CAUSED BY A BLOOD CLOT OR OTHER MATERIAL BLOCKING THE BLOOD VESSEL
RESULTS IN DEATH
OF THE CARDIAC
TISSUE
(SKIN OR LIPS)
OCCURS WHEN THE HEART MUSCLE WEAKENS AND
FAILS TO PUMP EFFICIENTLY
THE LUNGS FILL WITH FLUID AND CAUSE SHORTNESS OF
BREATH
THE BREATHING IS LABORED AND THE PULSE MAY BE FAST AND IRREGULAR
URINE OUTPUT IS DECREASED BECAUSE THE BODY IS HOLDING FLUID
*
MAY PASS THROUGH THE URINARY SYSTEM UNNOTICED IF IT IS SMOOTH AND ROUND
MAY LODGE IN THE KIDNEY, URETER, BLADDER, OR URETHRA IF THE STONE IS LARGE OR IRREGULAR SHAPED
PAIN DEVELOPS IN THE BACK AND RADIATES TO ADJOINING AREA. ALSO HAVE NAUSEA, VOMITING,CHILLS AND HEAVY PERSPIRATION.
INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS
RESULTS FROM AN INFECTION OR A CIRCULATORY PROBLEM
KIDNEYS LOSE ABILITY TO FILTER AND RESULTS IN A BUILDUP OF TOXINS IN THE BLOOD
TREATMENT MAY INCLUDE KIDNEY DIALYSIS
LACK OF INSULIN AFFECTS THE BODY’S ABILITY TO USE CARBOHYDRATES
BODY BURNS FATS FOR ENERGY WHICH CAUSES BY PRODUCTS CALLED KETONES
TYPE I DIABETES – INSULIN DEPENDENT
TYPE II DIABETES – CONTROLLED BY DIET
SIGNS OF HYPOGLYCEMIA
WEAKNESS
TREMBLING
SHAKING
DIZZINESS
FAINTNESS
HEADACHES
DIABETES
TYPE 1 DIABETES
TREATED WITH INSULIN INJECTIONS
TYPE II DIABETES
TREATED WITH DIET AND EXERCISE
ORAL MEDICATION
SLOWED CIRCULATION AND NERVE DAMAGE PLACE THE PATIENT AT RISK FOR INJURY, INFECTION, AND GANGRENE
EXAMINE THE FEET FOR DISCOLORATION OR INJURY
PREVENT PRESSURE OF NT FEET OR TOES BY BED LINEN, SHOES, OR SOCKS.
DO NOT CUT THE TOENAILS OF A DIABETIC PATIENT
OBSERVE DIETARY INTAKE
NOTE ANY CHANGES IN THE PATIENT’S MOOD, BEHAVIOR, OR PERSONALITY
WATCH FOR SKIN PROBLEMS
HEPATITIS
INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER
HEPATITIS A – SPREAD BY FECAL-ORAL ROUTE
HEPATITIS B – SPREAD BY SEX WITH INFECTED PERSON OR SHARING NEEDLES WITH INFECTED PERSON
HEPATITIS C – CHRONIC HEPATITIS – SPREAD BY SEXUAL ACTIVITY AND IV DRUG USE
SIGNS OF HEPATITIS
JAUNDICE (YELLOW TINGE TO SKIN OR WHITES OF EYE)
LOSS OF APPETITE, NAUSEA, VOMITING
DARK URINE, LIGHT-COLORED FECES
ATTACKS THE ABILITY TO FIGHT OTHER DISEASES
MANY DRUGS HELO REDUCE COMPLICATIONS AND PROLONG LIFE
THERE IS NO CURE OR VACCINE
SPREAD THROUGH BODY FLUIDS – BLOOD, SEMEN, VAGINAL SECRETIONS, BREAST MILK
IV DRUG USE
HIV INFECTED MOTHERS
ALWAYS FOLLOW STANDARD PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT YOURSELF AGAINST THE AIDS VIRUS
COMMON IN ELDERLY PERSONS
THEY HAVE MANY LOSSES – DEATH OF FAMILY AND FRIENDS, LOSS OF HEALTH, LOSS OF INDEPENDENCE,
LONELINESS AND DRUG SIDE EFFECTS CAN CAUSE DEPRESSION
SIGNS OF DEPRESSION
FATIGUE AND LACK OF INTEREST
FEELINGS OF HOPELESSNESS
THOUGHTS OF DEATH AND SUICIDE
POOR GROOMING
WITHDRAWAL FROM PEOPLE