Scaling New Heights in Energy Sector

tndia is stitt a power ::,1#::"""X:"ilff il ,iii)ffif i;:i1'r::**"!.'lllli H:il'Xil,ll""iii n*" al"'*" f*:is::l,ll,t,;U*Xlii ii:ii*':'""",".rjm,^,:Xi

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30

power generation capacity of 7,10 GWin 2005 and what lndia needs 10 addwould be much more. Thetech.ologiesand fuelsources lndiaadopts. as it addsthis electricity generation capacity,may make significant impactto globalresource usase and environmenlalissues and hence the govemment hasdecided to give special emphasis to taprenewable energy potential.

Some 800 million lndiansus€ tradilional fuels fuel

"ood.agriculrural waste and biomass cakesfor cooking and general healingn€eds. Tradirional fuel is inefficientsource ofenergy, it's burning releaseshigh levels of smoke. World HealthOrganisation claims that 300.000 io400,000 people in lndia die olirdoorair pollution and carbon monoxidepoisoning every year because ofbiomass burning and use of.,,//dtrs.The growth of electricity sector inIndia may help flnd a sustainablealternative to traditional fuel bumingand in this .o,1err. rcDewable en€rgymay play an importanl part andrightly the goycrnnrenl has embarkedupon an a bitious renelyable energydevelopmeni in the counlry Srudiespoinr out thar. in add;tion to airpollution problems. reliable scnerationand supply of eiectricity is essentialfor addressing India s water pollutionand associated environmental issues.Also rapidly growing economy. risingexports. improving infrastructure andincreasing household incomes willonly push energy requirement further

Th€ preseni government is rigbtlygiving a nassive thrust to the €nergysector to ensure that India mov€stowards 24 into 7 power for all inthe nexi four to five years This callsfbr tackling issues of power thefts,coal Iinkages for thermal plants,transmission deficiencies, tappingrenewable solar, wind and hydelpower potential and so on throughmassive inveshnents. The majorinitiatives embarked upon havealready resulted in 15.8 per centincrease in thermal power generation,accounting for 60 per cent ofpowergeneration in the country. Govemment

YOJANA June 2015

has also come out with plans for 50per cent increase in powergenerationcapacity and provided Rs 1.1 lakhcrore central government grant forbringing about 24 into 7 affordablepower in rural and urban lndia.Governmenl has a plan to doubiecoal production in th e country ro 1 00crore tonnes by 2020 through massiveinvestm€nts. The recent coal auctionhas kick- staned this process andyielded nearly Rs 2 lakh crore to thegovernment kirty, of which sizeableamount will go to the mining states,pushing up developlnent activities inthose backward states.

With the srepping up renewableenergy power generation target to onelakh Mw ofsolar power and 60,000Mw of wind power by 2022, Rs l0lakh crore woth of investmenrs are

expected to pour in to the renewableenergy sector in the next seven years.Apat from efforts to quicklylo restartstalled hydel projects, governmenthas also stepped up budget allocationfor renewable energy by65.8 per centand is in the process of coming outwith new renewable energypolicy forsolar and wind power.

As part ofits blueprint for energysecurity. the government plans tofloat five funds of 55 billion each.targeted at promoting green energy

fu Ministry ofNew and Renewableenergy (MNRE) plans to get the help ofstare-owned and pdvate sector firancialinstilutions such as Power FinanceCorp. Ltd (PFC), Rural ElectrificationCorp. Ltd (REC), Indian RenewableEne.s/ DevelopmentAg€ncy(IREDA),IFCI Ltd, SBI Capital Markets Ltdand ICICI Bank Ltd to create a corpusof $25 billion. The government'srenewed focus on green energy comesin the backdrop of the US and Chinainking a climate cha"nge d€al whereinthe US will reduce irs emissions by26-28 percent below its2005 level by2025 and Chinawill reach the peak ofits harmtul carbon dioxide emissionsin around 2010

The new measures announced bythe govemment give top priority fordomestic players and Rs. 100,000crore worth of orders placed in powersector in the recenr months by NTPC,Coal India, Energy EfficiencyServices,Power Grid Corporation will boostIocal manufacturing giving boost toMake in lndia campaign. Also, largeorders have been placed on localmanufacturers to make them pricecompetitive by increasing capacityand getting world class t€chnology.Government organizations vill buyl000Mw worth solar projects withspecial provision for use of onlydbmestically produced cells andmodules. Defence establishments willbuy 300 Mw solarplants. Govemmenthas also planned to save 10 pe( centenergy through conseraation. As muchas 10,000 crore urits are to be saved,which can light up 1l crore lives andsave Rs 40,000 crore.

The govemment's strategy to focuson renewable energy also stems fromthe fact that India has an energy importbill of around $ls0 billion, which isexpected to reach S300 billion by 2030.India imports 80 per cent of its crudeoil and 18 per cent of its natunl gas

requiremenrs. As ofAp l 2014, rotalthermal installed capacity stood at168.4 GW while hydro and renewableenergy installed capacity totalled 40.5Gw and 31.7 CW resp€ctiveiy. windenergy market oflndia is expected toattract about Rs 20,000 crore (US$3.16 billion) of investments next y€ar,as companies across sectors plan toadd 3,000 MW of capacity power€dby wind e.ergy.

Around 293 global and domesticcompanies have committed togenerate 266 GW of solar, wind,mini-hydel afld bio-mass based powerin India over the next 5-10 years- Theinitiative would entail an investmentof about USS 310-350 billion. Theindustry has attracted FDI worthUS$9,548.82 million during the periodApril2000 to February 2015.

Our power sector has an investmentpotential of Rs I5 trillion (US$237.35 billion) in the next4-5 years,

3l

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providing immense oPPortunitiesin power generation, distribution,transmission and equipment, said th€

Union Minister of Coal, Power and

Renewable Energy.

Th€ immediale goal of thegovernment is to produce two irillionunits (kilowatt hours) of energy by2019. This will mean doubling the

current production capacity in orderro achieve provide 24x7 electricityfor residential. industrial, conmercialand agriculture use.

Installation of solar power planrs

requires nearly 2.4 heclares (6 acres)

land perMw capacity which is similarto coal fired power plants when lifecycle coal mining, consumptive water

storage & ash disposal areas are also

accounted and hydro Power Plantswhen submergence area of waterreservoir is also accounied. 1.33

mjllionMW capacity solar plants can

be insialled in India on its I per c€ni

land (32,000 square km). Ther€ are

vast tracts of land suitable for solarpow€r in ali pans oflndia exceeding8 per cent ofits total area which are

unproductive, barren and devoidof vegeration. Part of waste lands(32,000 square km) when installedwith solar power plants can produce

2000 billion Kwh ofelectricity (two

times the totai generation in the y€ar

2013-14) with land productivity/yieldof 1.s million Rs per acre (6 Rs/kwhprice) which is at par with manyindustrial areas and many times moretban the best productive irrigatedagriculture lands. Moreover, ihesesolar power units are noi d€pendentonsupply ofany raw material and are

s€1f produciive. There is unlimiredscope for solar electlicity to replacea1l fossil fuel €nergy r€quirements(natural gas, coal, lignii€, nuclear fuelsand crude oil) if all the marginallyproductive lands are occupied bY

solar power plants in future. Th€

solar power potential of lndia can

meet perennially to cater per capita

€nergy consumptjon at parwith usA/Japan for the peak Population inits demographic transition.

32

Land acquisilionis a challenge tosolar fann projeclsin India. Some stategov ernments areexpl oring meansto addr€ss Ian davailability throughinnovation; forexample, by exploringmeans ro deploy solarcapacity above theirextensive irrigationcanal projects, therebyh arvesti ng solarenergy while reducingthe loss of irdsarion water by solarevaporation. The state of Gujarat was

first to impiement the Canal SolarPower project, to use 19.000 km(12.000 mi) lons network ofNarmadacanals across the state for setting up

solar panels to generate electricity. Itwas the first ever such proj ect in India.It bas €nvironmental angle as well.Extensive use of solar power couldpreve rhe emission of more than 6

billioD tonnes of carbon dioxide peryear by 2050 that is more than allcurrent energy related CO, emissions

from the United States or almost allofthe direct emissions from the transponsector worldwide today.ln many parts

of India, the sun is strong and skies

are clear. IDdia will be able to reach

rhe highesr reducrion in additionalCO2 emission in 2050 and alongwith China could account for half theglobal additional emission reductions.

India could €merge as a solar energy

hub and righily the government isputting in place policy framework.Though solar power generation is a

liule less than 4000 tnw, the roof topsolar power generation is likely go upto 40,000 Mw in th€ next 5-7 Years.German Development Bank, KFW,which has already provided one billion€uro soft loan for setting uP green

transnission coridors in Rajasrhan and

Tamil Nadu, will very soon sanction

another one billion euro soft loan forpromoting roof top solarpower, whichfast catching up in s€veral cities withintroduction net metering. Delhi alone

has potenrial to generate 2000 Mw ofrooftop solar power, which is one thirdof 6000 Mw of power consumed in

rhe city. Likewise all major cities had

huge potential and this is a win_win

situation for both power genemlors and

individual buildin-q or house ow.er as

their electricilybill would come downhv iwo third and investment in solarpanels, which is maintenance free and

lasts for 25 years, will be recovered in

4-5 years.

The Indian Renewable EnergyDevelopment Asency (IREDA) is

likely to raise tax free bounds worthRs.2,000 crores from markets tosupport the solar initiativ€s of rhe

goremment in next few months in abid to lend soft loa.s to developersto accompLish the roof top mission

ofthe government, according to the

Ministry of New and RenewableEnergy.

A top official of the Ministryhas told a recent PHD Chamber ofCommerce and lndustry summit 'thegovernment has approved an amount

ofRs.5,000 crores for raising the tax

free bonds to support and sustain

its solar initiatives rhrough variousagencies a couple of days ago, ofwhich IREDA is assigned an amount

ofRs.2,000 crores".

"In ihe current fiscal, the govemment

would be contented if solar proj€cts of2,000 to 3,000 mw are implemented"'He further added that it would be an

atempt of the govemment of fie day

ro add onsolarcapacity of10,000 Mweach year fron liscal 2017-18. This

would be sustainabie level that could

be scaled up to 15,000 mw annually

YOJANA June 2015

I

i

The official also announced that the governmenlhas decided to withdraw subsidi€s to achieve its non-

conventional targets for power generatjon for indusrrialand commercial purposes adding that the subsidy wouldstay put for social sectors including hospitals, education

centers and other similar healrh related initiarives Th€

subsidy is increasingly becoming not necessary with solarpower generation falling to Rs 6-7 per unit and is expected

to fall futher ro Rs4.5 perunit, while cost ofthermalpow€rwas going up.

The government has aLso announced schemes to develop

at least 25 solar parks of 500 Mw each in the next fiveyears. Tbe gov€mment has allocated Rs 4050 crore forlhispurpose. The solar parks offer facilities to attracl investors

and developers. A solar park removes most ofthe hurdles

faced by individual small project developers.

Skill development is one area which r€quires special

emphasis particularly for setting up solar planrs. Trained

manpower already exists for setting up thermal, hydel

and wind power plant. For rhe massive scaling up ofsolarpower g€neration. huge number of manpower is requiredpadcularly smallerplants in remote areas and rooftop solarpower that is spr€ading rapidly. Government slready has a

plan for skili development, which needed to be scaled up.

providing opponunity for local youth in various pats of

The cost ofsolarpower, expecred b come down by 25_

3O per cent by December this year to Rs 4.50 perunit fromRs 6-7 per unit at present. "We are looking at bringing ininnovative solutions, besides improving counter parly riskand bring down the cost ofsolar and wind energy," he said

adding the government has also engaged global consultaDt

PricewalerHouse Cooper for formulation of plan to scale

up solar energy further in th€ country'

The govemment's plan to step up renewable energy willbring about much needed energy secudry to people of the

country. With India expected grow at 8-9 per cent in the next

decade or two, there will be hug€ demand for power and th€

govemment is on right track to ensure that power sector kept

pace \\'iih the requirementin a power deficit country with lowper capiia electricity consumplion- The govemment is also

for the first time aitempted a right mix ofthermal, gas, hydel,

nucleat wind. solar and biogas power generation. India stillhas a )ot of catching up to do with China, whjch generates

four times more poNer and has plans for massive scaling up

ofsolar and hydelpo$er Solar power will also come in handy

for reptacing diesel generarion sets for backup power withthe development oflightweight and ch*per lithium batteries

for storage of solar power. There are more than 30,000 Mwof Diesel generation sets in use resulting in huge drain offoreisn exchange reserved in import ofoil tr

33

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75% in GSJI Mains.20l4 was fiom ourGlass llotes & Test Series

Agricuiture, PDS, lngalion, Maiorcrcps,

Cropping pathrr, Food Processing

YOJANA June 2015

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