aim: why are organic compounds important to us? do now: in complete sentences explain how you would...
TRANSCRIPT
Aim: Why are organic compounds important to us?
Do NOW: In complete sentences explain how you would use an atom to build a larger molecule.
Homework: Project # 1 Internet activity
http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/bio1int.htm
Activity Read the life substances handout as you
read underline the main idea of each paragraph.
Wednesday 11/13/13 AIM: Why is carbon an important element
in your body? Do NOW: Review your notes on basic
chemistry. POP QUIZ HOMEWORK: Life substances handout
Carbon What is the atomic
number? What is the atomic
mass? #p #n #e-
What is an element?
What are the six most important elements to
living organisms?
CHNOPS
Carbon atom Able to form 4
covalent bonds due to 4 electrons in outer shell
Combine to form large organic compounds
Carbon fun facts Carbon is found in many different
compounds. It is in the food you eat, the clothes you
wear, the cosmetics you use and the gasoline that fuels your car.
Carbon is the sixth most abundant element in the universe.
How are organic and inorganic compounds different?
Organic compounds must Contain C and H
CH3
C6H12O6
Inorganic compounds Do not contain both
NaCL CO2
H2O
How is a covalent bond different from an
ionic bond?
Atomic bonding Electron interactions
form bonds Covalent bonds:
electrons are shared between atoms
2 Hydrogen atoms share there electrons to form a bond
Ionic bonding The loss or gain of an electron to form a
bond
How does Carbon combine with other elements?
Carbon can share 4 electrons with 4 different atoms
Forms 4 covalent bonds
What are the four categories of organic compounds or biomolecules formed by carbon?
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
Assessment In your own words, explain why carbon is
an important element in your body.
Thursday 11/14/13 AIM: How do our bodies use
biomolecules? Do Now: Explain why carbon is the most
important element to living things HW: text read pages 56-57. answer
questions 2 and 3 pg 57.
List at least 2 food sources that contain protein, 2 food sources that contain carbohydrate, 2 food sources that contain lipid.
Carbohydrate Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen Store and release
energy Starch and sugars Glycogen and
cellulose
Lipids Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen Fats, oils, waxes,
steroids Energy storage,
protection, insulation and chemical messengers ( steroids)
Protein Carbon, Hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
Structure for tissues and organs
Metabolism Transport Catalysts Chemical Messengers
How are enzymes related to proteins? Enzymes are protein
catalysts Speed up chemical
reactions
Nucleic Acid Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous, sulfur
Store cellular information
DNA and RNA
Assessment Using the information you have received
complete the table below
Carbon compound Function
Aim: Why are biomolecules polymers? Do Now: Take out your homework look it
over. If you were a construction worker, how
would you build a brick house? Homework: Textbook read pgs 60-62
answer questions 2,3,4 pg 63
Quiz Thursday
Answer All biomolecules are organic compounds
That means they are made up of Carbon and hydrogen
All biomolecules are very big molecules made from smaller subunits
Biomolecules are polymers Poly- many Mer- unit multiple units of smaller, repeating units Build Large compounds
Biomolecules or Macromolecules Four of the classes of life’s organic
molecules are polymers Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids
A polymer Is a long molecule consisting of many similar
building blocks called monomers
Biomolecules are polymersPolymer Monomer subunit
Carbohydrate Monosaccharide (simple sugar)
Protein Amino acid
Lipid Glycerol and fatty acids
Nucleic acid Nucleotides
Biomolecule AKA Organic compound AKA Polymer AKA Macromolecule
Anytime we use any one of these terms we are referring to proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids
The Synthesis of Polymers Monomers form large molecules by
dehydration synthesis
(a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer
HO H1 2 3 HO
HO H1 2 3 4
H
H2O
Short polymer Unlinked monomer
Longer polymer
Dehydration removes a watermolecule, forming a new bond
Figure 5.2A
Biomolecules form through dehydration synthesis
Monomers join together through a process known as Dehydration synthesis
Loss of water to build a bond
Why would you want to break down
a polymer?
To extract the monomer subunit
The Breakdown of polymers Polymers can disassemble by
Hydrolysis
(b) Hydrolysis of a polymer
HO 1 2 3 H
HO H1 2 3 4
H2O
HHO
Hydrolysis adds a watermolecule, breaking a bond
Figure 5.2B
Assessment In your own words explain the difference
between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
Dehydration synthesis builds large biomolecules by removing water to build a bond
Hydrolysis takes away a water molecule to break a bond
Assessment Draw and explain the process below
How are polymers and biomolecules
related?
large compounds built from smaller repeating subunits
How does dehydration synthesis build large biomolecules?
Monday 11/18/13 AIM: Why are polysaccharides ideal for
energy storage? DO NOW: What type of foods contain
carbohydrates? Why do you need to eat carbohydrates?
HW:Text read pages 59-60 Answer the reading check on pages 59 and 60
Carbohydrates Sugars and starches, glycogen and
cellulose Also called monosaccharides and
polysaccharides They are very big biomolecules Made up of C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio
What is a monosaccharide? Carbohydrate Simple sugar Building blocks of
large carbohydrates Broken down for
energy in the process of cellular respiration
Glucose is the most important monosaccharide to your llife
Triose sugars(C3H6O3)
Pentose sugars(C5H10O5)
Hexose sugars(C6H12O6)
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
HO C H
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
HO C H
HO C H
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
C OC O
H C OH
H C OH
H C OH
HO C H
H C OH
C O
H
H
H
H H H
H
H H H H
H
H H
C C C COOOO
Ald
os
es
Glyceraldehyde
RiboseGlucose Galactose
Dihydroxyacetone
Ribulose
Ke
tos
es
FructoseFigure 5.3
Where does glucose come from?
photosynthesis
What are some examples of monosaccharides? Glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose,
deoxyribose C6H12O6
Deoxyribose and ribose
How do monosaccharides build large polysaccharides?
Dehydration synthesis Loss of water between two molecules to
build a bond It is the process that builds polymers from
smaller subunits
Polysaccharides made from glucose Monosaccharides or simple sugars
combine through the process of dehydration synthesis to build large polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose and glycogen.
Polysaccharides made only from glucose monomers Starch: long term energy stored in plants Glycogen: long term energy storage in
animals. Liver and muscle cells Cellulose: structural material in plants.
Builds the cell wall can not be easily digested by animals.acts as roughage to pass undigested food
through the body
Chitin
(a) The structure of the chitin monomer.
O
CH2OH
OHH
H OH
H
NH
CCH3
O
H
H
(b) Chitin forms the exoskeleton of arthropods. This cicada is molting, shedding its old exoskeleton and emergingin adult form.
(c) Chitin is used to make a strong and flexible surgical
thread that decomposes after the wound or incision heals.
OH
Figure 5.10 A–C
Assessment Use the three molecules below to build a
polysacharide
Question In your own words explain how
monosaccharides are related to polysaccharides
AIM: Why do we need to eat fats? DO NOW: List 5 foods that contain fat. HW Project due tomorrow. ALL OF IT!!!!
Tuesday 11/19/13 AIM: How does dehydration synthesis
build high energy lipid molecules? DO NOW: In complete sentences explain
how monosaccharides build starches and glycogen
Homework:Text read page 61. Answer question 3 on pg 63
Last nights HW page 59 and 60 Reading check questions
How is starch different from
glycogen?
Why do we need to incorporate fats and
oils into our daily diet?
Functions of lipids Long term energy storage Insulation Protection Hormones: steroids: chemicalmessengers
Does oil and water mix?
Why or why not?
Does oil and water mix?
NO!
Lipids All lipids must have both a hydrophobic
and hydrophillic part to them
Dehydration synthesis forms lipids
LIPIDS: Oils, fats, waxes, phospholipids, steroids
Hydrophobic: Made of long hydrocarbon chains or tails. Makes lipid insoluble in water it does not dissolve in water
Hydrophillic:portion allows for parts of lipid to be dissolved in water.
Dehydration synthesis forms lipids Fat, oil and wax 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids Saturated fat: all carbons are saturated Unsaturated fat: not all carbons are bound
Fats oils and waxes Characteristics of fats are determined by
hydrocarbon tail Unsaturated: such as peanut oil are
liquid at room temperature Saturated: animal fats are solid at room
temperature
FATS
Phospholipids: build cell membranes
•1 glycerol, 1 phosphate group, 2 fatty acids
Phospholipids vs triglycerides(fat and oil) By removing one of the fatty acids in a
triglyceride and replacing it with a phosphate group makes the phospholipid hydrophillic (water loving)
The other 2 fatty acid tails make the phospholipid hydrophobic
The cell membrane
Steroids: lipid hormones Chemical messengers Cholesterol: found in membranes. Also
makes other steroids Estradiol and testosterone: sex hormones
which regulate salt and bile levels and also assist in fat digestion
Waxes Protection Ex: Ear wax
Wax on the outer leaf of a plant
List and explain the function of the four types of lipids discussed.