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CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

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Page 1: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

Page 2: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

MOLECULES: All living and nonliving things are made

of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to

understand the chemistry of life

Page 3: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

MATTER Matter-

Anything that takes up space and has massComposed of chemical elements

Human Recipe:

Page 4: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

COMPOUNDS Compounds- substance of two or more

elements combined in a fixed ratio

Sodium (Na) Chlorine(Cl) Table Salt (NaCl)

+ =

Page 5: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

ATOM- SMALLEST UNIT OF MATTER If an atom loses or

gains an electron it becomes an Ion.

Electron arrangement gives the atom its chemical properties

Page 6: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

ATOMS Atoms with the same amount of protons

and electrons, but a different amount of neutrons are called Isotopes.

Page 7: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

COVALENT & IONIC BONDING

•Electrons are shared among atoms•Molecules are held together by these •Can be polar or non-polar

•Electrons are transferred •Holds Ions together

Page 8: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

COVALENT BONDING

Polar Non- Polar

Unequal charges among atoms

Charges are kept equal among atoms

Page 9: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

(–) (–)

O

HH

(+) (+)

Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds important in the chemistry of life

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CT4pURpXkbY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CT4pURpXkbY
Page 10: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

Hydrogen bond

Page 11: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

PROPERTIES OF WATER Adhesion-

– water can stick to other molecules Causes the

meniscus in a test tube

Cohesion- water sticks to

other water molecules

Because of hydrogen bonding

Causes high surface tension- difficulty to break the surface of a liquid

Page 12: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

EVAPORATIVE COOLING

Water is highly resistant to heatHeat is absorbed when bonds form Heat is released when bonds break

Evaporative Cooling- water molecules of high energy leave Ex: Sweating

Page 13: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

Liquid waterHydrogen bonds

constantly break and re-form

IceHydrogen bonds

are stable

Hydrogen bond

Ice is less dense than liquid water

Page 14: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

Ion insolution

Saltcrystal

Water is the solvent of life

solution = solvent (dissolving agent) + solute

Universal solvent

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QH1yphfgfFI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QH1yphfgfFI
Page 15: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

Acidic solution

pH scale

Battery acid

0

1

2

3

4

5

Lemon juice, gastric juice

Grapefruit juice, soft drink,vinegar, beer

Tomato juice

Rain water

Human urine

Saliva

Pure water

6

7

Human blood,tears

Seawater

8

9

10

11

12

13

Milk of magnesia

Household ammonia

Household bleach

Oven cleaner

Neutral solution

Basic solution

NEUTRAL[H+]=OH–]

Incre

asin

gly

AC

IDIC

(Hig

her

con

cen

trati

on

of

H+)

14

Incre

asin

gly

BA

SIC

(Low

er

con

cen

trati

on

of

H+)

The chemistry of life is sensitive to acidic and basic condition

s

Page 16: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

Acidic solution Neutral solution Basic solution

Page 17: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

BIOLOGY AND SOCIETYOne of the authors of your text once overheard the following:

“It’s paranoid and ignorant to worry about industry or agriculture contaminating the environment with their chemical wastes. After all, this stuff is just made of the same atoms that were already present in our environment anyway.”

What do you think of this statement? Why?

Disagree Agree

Strongly A B C D E Strongly

Page 18: All living and nonliving things are made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms So we must understand atoms to understand the chemistry of

BIOLOGY AND SOCIETYToo little iodine in the diet can lead to goiter—the condition afflicting this person. Goiter is not common in developing countries because iodine is added to salt and other foods.

Do you think that adding trace elements to food items is good public policy? Why?

Disagree Agree

Strongly A B C D E Strongly


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