americans began moving west ◦ more economic opportunities wheat, corn ◦ farm mechanization made...
TRANSCRIPT
Americans began moving west◦ More economic opportunities
Wheat, corn
◦ Farm mechanization made it easier Steel plow, spring tooth harrow, threshers, windmills
East was growing quickly, needed food Others went west for religious reasons
◦ Mormon Trail First led by Joseph Smith (New York) Led into Utah by Brigham Young
US gov’t encouraged westward migration Offered 160 acres of land to settlers
◦ Not enough land due to drought Could acquire additional land (Timber Culture Act)
Cost $5 registration fee Encouraged white settlers to move west
◦ Most were old immigrants Women were allowed to homestead
US federal gov’t gave western lands to states
States sold land Money was used to build agriculture and
technical colleges◦ Examples: Virginia Tech and NC State
Remote, solitary life◦ Worked LONG hours
Very difficult for women◦ Same work as men◦ Gained suffrage here first
Built churches and schools Little House on the Prairie-family values,
love, friendship, and faith.
Native Americans were displaced Conflict began More railroads were built New States were added to Union
◦ Most gave women suffrage◦ Last state-Oklahoma
Settlers rushed in to get the last free land in US
First transcontinental railroad completed in 1869
Built mainly by Irish and Chinese immigrants
Displaced the Native Americans◦ Could no longer follow the buffalo◦ Native Americans used every part of buffalo
‘Native American Wal-Mart’
What are the difference between the two men below? Be specific
Based off the picture below how does the US plan on dealing with Native Americans?
New cities caused a need for beef Individuals out west began to raise cattle First, started to drive cattle to major cities,
then cattle would be loaded onto trains Later, ranches would be built
◦ Cowboys were hired◦ Most owned their own horses◦ Open Range ended because of Barbed Wire
Cows could be fenced in thanks to Joseph Glidden’s invention
Sioux-northern plains
Five Civilized Tribes (OK-1830)
Different lifestyles◦ Followed buffalo
herds 32m in 1870, 9m. Killed 1872-1875
◦ Some were sedentary
Indians were placed here by federal gov’t◦ Offered annual monetary payments in lieu of land◦ Occasionally, federal gov’t failed to make
payments or reduced the size of reservation Indians resisted, led to war
African American Troop Regiment Created during the Civil War Fights in the Indian Wars African Americans can now fight for a
country that recognizes them as people!
Carlise Indian School◦ Help Indians become
successful in white society
◦ Assimilation Helen Hunt Jackson’s
A Century of Dishonor◦ dramatized the federal
government's mistreatment of Native Americans in the west
Helen Hunt Jackson
1887 Result of Jackson’s book Would create Indian farmers
◦ Gave each family 160 acres of land◦ Dealt with individual Indians, not tribe◦ Sold remaining land and purchased farm
equipment◦ Became citizens in 25 years
Most Indians lost property within one generation◦ Received the poor land
Faced many problems after they moved West◦ Drought◦ Insects◦ Difficult conditions
New technology helped some
Blamed problems on railroads◦ Had to transport goods on trains◦ Railroads charged high rates
Even higher for short haul versus long haul Penalized the farmer
Wanted government to regulate railroads◦ Lower freight charges◦ Government did not respond
Farmers also faced problems with credit◦ Stayed in debt◦ Borrowed money to plant crops every year◦ Could not always repay bank◦ If not, bank foreclosed on property
Farmers wanted more money printed and put into circulation◦ Demanded the silver standard
Print money based on gold and silver standard Would increase the cost of farm goods
Farmers organized The Grange
Led by Oliver Kelley
Officially asked government to address farmers needs
Were not successful
Organized in 1892 Met in Omaha Nebraska
◦ Omaha Platform 8 Hour workday Silver Standard Direct Election of Senators
◦ Won elections in state government, sent representatives to Congress
Populist party merged with Democrats in 1896
Democrats argued the same issues as Populists
Nominated William Jennings Bryan◦ Campaigned across America◦ Gave “Cross of Gold” speech
“you cannot crucify man on a cross of gold” Advocated the silver standard
Bryan ran against William McKinley (rep)◦ Bryan campaigned across US on train
Whistle stop campaign◦ McKinley ran the “Front Porch” campaign
Voters came to see him on his front porch McKinley wins both elections
◦ Marks the end of the Populist Party