Attendance Watch short video on TMS

◦ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/mind-control-TMS.html

Brain movie and worksheet ◦ Go over worksheet questions from part 1

We’ll go over exam 2 tomorrow. They will be on Konnect by the end of the day

Homework: No homework tonight.

Attendance Notes on Neurons Start on your brain diagrams Homework: Complete #’s 10 and 11 in your

review packets (Brain diagram and lobes of the brain)

Central Nervous System◦ Consists of the Spinal Cord and Brain – The major

pathway and hub of nerves and information◦ If sensory info doesn’t make it to the CNS than we

cannot interpret the sense…blind spot example

Peripheral Nervous System ◦ The smaller branches of nerves that reach out to

other parts of the body

Dendrite – Fibers that stick out from the cell body and receive messages from other neurons.

Cell Body and Nucleus – Controls the firing of the neuron

Axon – Long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body & nucleus

Myelin Sheath – fatty layer that insulates the axon and speeds the neuron message

Axon Terminals – Branches at the end of axons that send impulses to other neurons

Synapse – The gap between axon terminals and dendrites of different neurons.

Neurotransmitters – Chemicals released by neurons that send messages to other neurons◦Epinephrine – increases heart rate, blood

pressure, cardiac output, and metabolism◦Serotonin - involved in sleep, depression, memory

and other processes

Somatic – Parts of the nervous system that control voluntary activities like muscle movement or speaking

Autonomic – Parts of the nervous system that control involuntary activities like your heartbeat, breathing and digestion.

Sympathetic – Prepares the body for dealing with emergencies or strenuous/stressful situations.

Parasympathetic – Works to conserve energy and recover from strenuous situations

Right Brain/ Left Brain and discussion Complete #’s 10-14 in your notes including

the brain diagram (use pages 160-163) Go over the dream journal assignment Homework: Start your dream journals and

complete #s 10-14 in your notes.

Attendance Finish our presentations: if there are any

left Brief Notes Nature vs. Nurture short video clip

◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gwnzW4jOMI Nature vs. Nurture reading and worksheet Homework: Dream Journals are due on

Thursday!

Attendance Right or Left Brained? Homework: No homework tonight

1. Explain the meaning of “Nature vs. Nurture” and provide several examples to support each side of the debate.

2. Compare and contrast several aspects of the nervous system and the endocrine system

15. The Endocrine System – The only other communication, besides the nervous system, for sending information to and from the brain. It is a system of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.16. Pituitary Gland – Known as the “master gland,” it communicates closely with the hypothalamus and secretes hormones that control the output of hormones by other glands.

Hormones – Chemical messages secreted into the bloodstream by endocrine glands.

Nature vs. Nurture – The argument between whether our personality and behavior is more attributed to our genetics or environmental factors. ◦ Nature = Genetics and Nurture = Environment

Attendance Hand in dream journals: anyone want to

share? Notes on Sensation and Perception concepts

◦ Visual illusions movie clip◦ Awareness test movie

Homework: Read the article titled “The secrets of sleep.” Answer the questions that go along with the article. These will be due tomorrow

Essay question…difference between sensation and perception and give an example.

Sensation – Detecting a stimulus through receptors. Stimulation is automatic.

Perception – The organization of sensation into meaningful experience. ◦ Our interpretation of sensations◦ Reflects learning, experience, & attitudes

Absolute threshold◦Weakest amount of stimulus that can

be sensed. Music example

Difference threshold◦Min. amount of difference between two

stimuli. Music Example

Weber’s Law ◦The larger or stronger a stimulus, the

larger the change required for a person to notice a change in that stimulus.

Carrying weights◦ Who wants to be the guinea pig?

Sensory adaptation◦ A change over time in one’s responsiveness

to a constant stimulus. ◦ Examples???◦ Background noise and a cold pool◦ Why is sensory adaptation important?◦ Autism and difficulties

Sensation – Detecting a stimulus through receptors◦ Stimulation is automatic

Perception – The organization of sensation into meaningful experience. ◦ Our interpretation of sensations◦ Reflects learning, experience, & attitudes

Closure – Our ability to perceive a complete pattern or shape by filling in missing parts or gaps.

Figure-Ground perception◦Discriminating between a figure and its

background. What we perceive as the background influences our perception.

Attendance Finish perception notes Notes on Consciousness and Sleep Homework: No homework

Proximity ◦ Tendency to perceive things near to one

another as a group

Similarity – Grouping similar-looking objects together even when they are mingled with dissimilar objects.

We do this with people too!

Constancy◦ The perception that something is unchanged even

when its appearance has changed

Color Constancy

Shape Constancy

Size Constancy

Subliminal Perception◦ Brief auditory or visual messages presented just

below the absolute threshold◦ Stimuli only affects the unconscious mind◦ Hasn’t been proven with any degree of

reliability, but it has remained a part of our common language

Visual Illusions – Occur when sensory and perceptual signals are distorted, and our brains cannot correctly interpret space, size, and depth.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/23/10-optical-illusions-that-will-blow-your-mind_n_3307500.html

Attendance and Happy Friday! Short visual illusions clip Notes on consciousness, sleep, and dreams Homework: Sleep article (period 7)

Short visual illusions clip Awareness challenge

◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyWBVFLGuhQ

Conscious – A state of awareness including feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions

Preconscious – Memories, thoughts and stored knowledge that we aren’t currently utilizing

Unconscious – Altered state of consciousness that includes selfish needs, immoral urges, fears, violent motives, shameful experiences, etc..

Brain recovery from exhaustion & stress (recharge the batteries)

Clear our minds of useless information

Allow for the release of our unconscious mind

Circadian rhythms – sleep wake cycle Stages of sleep – defined by brain wave

◦ Stage 1 – lightest sleep – 30 – 40 minutes◦ Stage 2, 3, 4 – 90 minutes with increasingly

erratic brain waves◦ Stage 5 – REM sleep

Irregular breathing, high blood pressure, heart beats faster, brain waves similar to awake

Average about 5 cycles in 8 hours of sleep

Unimportant & random firings of neurons?

Way of releasing unneeded/unwanted memories?

Release of the unconscious mind?◦ A way to solve problems we encounter?

Attendance Hand in your Sleep pamphlets Finish the movie (period 1) Go over the worksheet Have we completed our notes??? Homework: Study hard for your exam. We

will review tomorrow and take the exam on Thursday.

Brain recovery from exhaustion & stress (recharge the batteries)

Clear our minds of useless information

Allow for the release of our unconscious mind

Circadian rhythms – sleep wake cycle Stages of sleep – defined by brain wave

◦ Stage 1 – lightest sleep – 30 – 40 minutes◦ Stage 2, 3, 4 – 90 minutes with increasingly

erratic brain waves◦ Stage 5 – REM sleep

Irregular breathing, high blood pressure, heart beats faster, brain waves similar to awake

Average about 5 cycles in 8 hours of sleep