中国南海沿海地区生物多样性管理 biodiversity management in the coastal area of the...

中国南海沿海地区生物多样性管理Biodiversity Management in the Coastal Area of the

China’s South Sea (BMCACSS)

联合国规划署 (United Nations Development Program)全球环境基金 (Global Environmental Facility)

国家海洋局 (State Oceanic Administration )

Strategies to develop an UNDP project

An UN project must have global significance As UN project is country-driven project, it must have

full support of central government (endorsement letter for Ministry of Finance)

As project will be implemented at different site, it must have local government’s commitment and support (interest)

As project will also be community-based, it must be supported by local communities and various stakeholders.


Site selection needs to consider all the baselines (governmental support, stakeholders’ support, existing management system, existing strength, global and national significance, threats/root-causes (must be removable)

Best way to achieve these is to conduct careful site visits, local stakeholder consultation, workshops, social-economic assessment….


Based on existing baseline information to design GEF proposal

Proposal shall focus on the removable threats

Proposal shall come up with actual strategies for removing threats, including budget, co-finance, community’s inputs….

Proposal shall also include component of assessment and monitoring.

中国南海沿海地区生物多样性管理BMCACSS

项目启动日期 (Starting day):2000 年 9 月 (Sept. 2002) 资助机构 (Sponsor Agent): 全球环境基金 (GEF) 申报机构 (Applicant): 联合国规划署 (UNDP) 政府实施部门 (Implement agent): 国家海洋局 (SOA) 资助机构 (Other sponsors): 中国政府 (PRC

government) / 香港科技大学 (HKUST) 执行机构 (Executing agent): 联合国项目服务处

(UNOPS) 技术机构 (Technical supporting agent): 香港科技大

学 (HKUST)/TIO

1996 年，第一方案：南中国海生态网络 (Econet of South China Sea)

1997 年，第二方案：国际水域项目 (International water Project)

1998 年，第三方案：中国南海沿海地区生物多样性管理 (BMCACSS)

Background

Nature of the project

This is a national project of China which was submitted through UNDP to GEF for funding 。

It is not a research project but a management project focusing on biodiversity protection) 。

It is a national and local government-driven project with assistance of GEF) 。

Steering committee( 项目指导委员会 )

国家海洋局 (SOA): H Q Li ( 组长 ) 联合国规划署 (UNDP): X A Hou 联合国项目服务处 (UNOPS): G Gunther GEF 立项专家 (GEF expert) : C

Cosslett 项目国家协调员 (NPC): P Y Qian

ObjectivesTo protect globally significant biodiversity at 4-6 significant

demonstration sites in south-east China by:

Developing and implementing institutional procedures to incorporate biodiversity conservation into integrated coastal zone management frameworks,

Increasing the capacity of local governments to address biodiversity conservation through the application of participatory approaches to resource use planning and management;

Providing a framework for adaptive co-management of coastal resources through improved monitoring, assessment, and sharing of data and information

Promoting replication of models of biodiversity conservation through ICZM for application at other sites on the south-east coast of China.

Background China is a “mega-biodiversity’ country, having 10% of species in the world. The highest levels of marine diversity along the South China Sea coast. The main coastal ecosystems in southeast China include tropical &

subtropical forests, grasslands, marshes, and important marine systems. Chinese white dolphin (Sousa chinensis), seagrass beds, sea cow (Dugong

dugong), "living fossil" horseshoe crab species, Tachypleus tridentatus, nesting grounds for the loggerhead and green turtles, 200 species of reef building corals, habitat to thousands of fish and other invertebrate species.

high economic potential, e.g. extracts from coral reef organisms found in China recently have been developed into anti-cancer drugs with multi-million dollar sales.

China’s coastal and marine biodiversity is under threat, due to unprecedented economic growth, social change and population growth, and faces many problems: poorly planned land use, pollution, over-fishing and other forms of resource extraction…..

Many sites that are home to globally significant biodiversity are still in a condition amenable to interventions to sustainably remove the threats.

This project is to develop management stratigy to conserve the globally significant biodiversity on selected sites.

Threats to Biodiversity Poorly planned land use Pollution over-fishing and other forms of resource extraction/ directly

related to conflict between economic development and conservation.

Production took priority over protection, over-emphasis on economic development.

Consultation took priority over participation. Inappropriate fishing techniques (dynamite, poison,

electricity). Mining of coral and sand for construction purposes. Cutting of mangrove forests.

Major problems faced in China

China has 5 national, 10 provincial and about 30 county nature reserves along the South China Sea cost. Incomplete national network of nature reserves Irrational establishment of nature reserves Unclear lines of authority Conflicts between economic development and

conservation Lack of funds and low management skill levels Lack of law enforcement

Fundable areas of GEF support

Capacity building ( 能力建设 ) ：training, scientific/technological support, monitoring program, management ….

Public education ： Some hardware (such as equipment) Planning and strategic development

Step 1: Selection of

site Criteria for site selection

Globally significant biodiversity Existing baseline Interest and desire of local

communities and government in biodiversity protection

Threats fall in the category of GEF support

Demonstratable Threats are removable through GEF

support Complete set of project sites maximise cost-effectiveness in terms of

demonstration value

Step 2: Stakeholder consultations Preliminary consultations to establish the agreement in principle of local

authorities and communities for each of the candidate sites. Local workshops at each site will be conducted to secure broad-based

assessments of the issues to be addressed, status of and threats to biodiversity, and community development goals. This will complement existing information on biodiversity and threats, but where necessary, primary data collection will supplement information collected during the workshops (see below).

Second-round of stakeholder consultations: when PDF activities are nearing completion, and the full project strategy is at an advanced stage of development, during which local endorsement of proposed full project activities will be sought, and refinements made to such activities where consensus is found to be lacking. A Participation Plan will also be prepared for the full project in consultation with stakeholders, and will guide the choice of conservation strategy and design of interventions.

Questions concerning individual stakeholders: What are your baseline activities of each stakeholder (details including

financial-current and projected) Technical capacity (staffing, infrastructure, training background,

budget) Scope of authority, jurisdiction, legal mandate, overlap and grey areas Data

Biodiversity significance at global & regional scale Threats, roots, removable threats

What are the threats? Underlining causes What actions are needed to address the causes What would be the cost/risk to remove the threats How to monitor the effectiveness

Questions to be addressed through consultation ( 咨询要解决的问题 )

Questions to be addressed through consultation

What can be done to remove the threats ； What are the social/economic constrains and

impact What would be the cost/risk to remove the threats? Finance

Who will pay for what? How to implement the plan? Management framework and coordination:

Roles and degree of involvement of city government Identification of missing stakeholders (research

institutions, Bureau of Env. Prot.) ICZM planning

Model Agenda for Local Consultations

Day Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 Socio-economic data and information gathering session for small number of relevant experts. Will include: (1) brief presentation by local officials of socio-economic situation; (2) questionnaires and problems arising; (3) data gathering methodologies; (4) discussion of planned stakeholder consultations. Biological data discussion session for small number of relevant experts.

1

Introductory session for all mission participants and counterparts, including representatives of all key organizations. Will include: (1) introduction to project and objectives; (2) explanation of mission, its organization and objectives; (3) discussion of draft stakeholder matrix, to understand nature of organizations’ interest and involvement in the site. These sessions must include representatives of local interest groups, e.g., fishermen, farmers, women’s groups, etc.

Defining the current (baseline) situation, for plenary session. Up to eight most relevant organizations should make a brief (15-20 minute) presentation, with summary provided in writing. Topics of presentation should include: (1) threats and root causes at site; (2) current conservation, scientific and/or management activities; (3) current and planned spending levels; (4) data availability (brief intro.); (5) technical capacities of organization and technical co-operation needs.

Threats and root causes session for small group (8-10) of ‘best informed’ experts and local people to analyse and structure threats and root causes analysis.

Stakeholder consultation session #1 for mission experts, small number of local officials (7-8 maximum) and local people. Time permitting, may be held at or near site, e.g., in village. Informal meeting with representative group of up to 10 ‘best informed’ and most involved local people to discuss resource use issues.



2 Project activities design session for same group involved in threats / root causes session. Objective is to build on threats analysis to identify alternative / incremental activities to remove threats. Activities should take into account current technical capacities and current baseline activities.

Finance session for different group of 8-10 ‘best informed people on finance. Session will include: (1) presentations from local officials concerning budgetary and finance matters; (2) explanation of incremental costs concept by GEF expert;

Open session to be utilized to address most pressing remaining issues.

Strategies to Achieve Required Outputs of Local Consultations and Workshops

Output Description and importance

Status & comments Strategy for elaborating output during consultations / workshops

Preparatory steps to be taken by local stakeholders

Preparatory steps to be taken by project team

Resource persons / participants

1. Annotated stakeholder identification database

First step in a logical framework analysis

Designed to serve as a source of information for determining what individuals / organizations need to be involved in the project development process, including who should attend local workshops

Status unknown (pending Jay response)

Unclear whether stakeholders will be adequately represented at workshops

A participatory discussion (1/4 day) to consider stakeholder identification matrix, particularly to define specific nature of ‘stake’ held by various stakeholders, especially local populations

Remaining gaps in basic information are addressed in side-bar discussions

Efforts are made to bring on-board any ‘missing’ stakeholders

Discussion of group interest / impacts

Stakeholder matrix is presented to Day 3 workshop for feedback

If they haven’t already done so, stakeholders should be ready to provide basic information about their organizations, including (1) names and job titles of key individuals; (2) staff technical backgrounds; (3) contact points; (4) assessment of the group or organization’s ‘stake’ in the project and likely impacts

Distribute to project team members latest draft stakeholder database / matrix

Identify and make list of key stakeholders to participate in discussion

Schedule, venue, invitations, etc.

Participatory and HKUST experts to lead

HKUST socio-economic team to participate

Each stakeholder organization / group to be represented by no more than 2 individuals

2. Draft threats / underlying root causes analysis

Second step in a logical framework analysis

Essential for developing project activities (which are designed to respond to / address underlying causes of threats)

Initial threats analysis (excluding underlying causes) presented in site selection report (see project profiles)

Brain-storming session (3/4 day) undertaken with small group (8-10 individuals) of ‘best informed people’

Presentation of results to Day 3 workshop for feedback

Stakeholders should be informed in advance of their involvement in this portion of the programme. They should be prepared to discuss these issues openly.

Identify ‘best informed’ stakeholders (preferably including local community representatives) who will participate in intensive discussion

Senior Project Advisor and HKUST expert

Other experts to participate as available

Best informed persons to participate

Output Description and importance

Status & comments

Strategy for elaborating output during consultations / workshops

Preparatory steps to be taken by local stakeholders

Preparatory steps to be taken by project team

Resource persons / participants

4. Draft baseline and co-financing tables (one per site) identifying and describing baseline activities and spending, as well as tentative local Government commitments to co-finance project

Critical step in development of incremental cost analysis

Baseline activities identification also supports logical framework

Initial baseline descriptions and some rough financial figures presented in site selection report (site profiles)

HKUST 5-year plan proposal (see technical proposal)

1/2 day information sharing session undertaken with small group of ‘best informed people’ on finance (Note: These will almost certainly be DIFFERENT PEOPLE than the best informed people discussing threats and root causes. If so, these sessions could partially overlap, if necessary)

Further sensitization on incremental costs at Day 3 workshop

Stakeholders should be informed in advance of their involvement in this portion of the programme. They should bring authoritative financial figures to the session, with documentation of past or planned spending, where available

Provincial authorities should be sensitized to the issue of co-financing and asked to consider possible financial sources

Senior Project Advisor and HKUST expert

Other experts to participate as available

Best informed finance persons to participate

5. Stakeholder consultations with local populations

Ensures a broad-based, participatory approach to project development

Some issues involving local communities identified during inception mission, but no direct consultations held

Up to 1/2 day informal meetings with representative groups of up to 10 ‘best informed’ and ‘most involved’ local people to discuss resource use issues. Up to three-four separate meetings could be organized per site, preferably in informal settings (e.g., villages)

None Determine participants for consultations

Scheduling, etc.

Participatory planning expert and HKUST socio-economic experts

Best informed local people

6. Socio-economic information and data gathering

Provides necessary background information for understanding socio-economic situation of stakeholders

Should include information gathering on legislative and institutional aspects

Questionnaires prepared, but distribution delayed until last week

Small meeting (2-3 people) involving HKUST socio-economic expert and local persons charged with completing questionnaire

Initial filling in of questionnaires

Review of any initial draft forms filled in

HKUST socio-economic experts

7. Biological data gathering

Provides data underlying description of biod. importance

May provide useful guidance for project design

??? Small meeting (2-3 people) involving HKUST biodiversity expert and local persons charged with completing questionnaire

Initial filling in of questionnaires

Review of any initial draft forms filled in

HKUST biodiversity experts

Selected local scientists

Consultation report

Social Feasibility Study, comprising a comprehensive stakeholder assessment, and recommendations regarding full project activities.

Participation plan, listing activities to enable participatory processes, defining implementation responsibilities, and providing performance indicators (a summary of this information would be prepared for the proposal).

Finalised ICZM committee structure and membership.

Identification of training requirements

Step 3: Biological and socio-economic assessment

Justification of biodiversity importance of each of the sites, based on indicators of global significance

Threats Analysis for each of the sites, indicating root causes What are the major threats Root causes of these threats and consequence Action and strategies to remove these threats Financial needs for removing threats

Potential social impact, risk for action to remove the threats Socio-economic assessment Risk analysis Incremental cost analysis

Design of monitoring system for adaptive management; How to assess the effectiveness of the planed actions

Establishment of database to facilitate data exchange and analysis

Step 4: GEF Project Formulation

The process of preparing the Project Brief would require: Consensus building regarding site selection criteria, priorities, strategy, outputs

and activities of the full project, based upon consultation with stakeholders, and a project formulation workshop to construct a logical framework of objectives, activities, outputs, and indicators.

More detailed investigation and quantification of threats at the site level. Definition of institutional frameworks, stakeholders roles and responsibilities, and

implementation modalities for the full project. An incremental cost analysis of the project to differentiate between baseline and

incremental activities. PDF funds would be used to collect information on the baseline scenario, identify and cost incremental activities necessary to conserve biodiversity, and foster joint programming of baseline and incremental activities.

Confirmation of co-financing for project components not eligible for GEF funding.

Co-financing would have been secured to secure the sustainable development baseline.

A consensus regarding the project strategy would have been obtained.

The main body of the proposal shall include A summary of the global significance and unique biological and

ecological attributes of each of the project sites, and the global benefits that would accrue from conservation intervention

Details of the ecological, social and economic attributes of the sites A description of the threats facing each site and their root causes A clear strategy for mitigating threats and their underlying causes An account of the realistic baseline Identification of the sustainable development baseline (comprising

additional activities required to address threats that may be justified in the domestic interest)

Identification and justification of the incremental costs of activities needed to generate global conservation benefits, over and above the sustainable development baseline.

Details of monitoring and evaluation measures Details of execution and implementation measures, with an

accompanying organization programme

Supporting documents Incremental Cost assessment describing global and domestic benefits, and

justifying incremental costs for each output Logical Framework Assessment, with quantifiable indicators to measure

impact, a list of sources of verification, and an outline of the assumptions and risks that underpin the project

Details of the biodiversity values of each of the chosen sites, to supplement information provided in the main body of the Brief (from Components 1, 2 and 3)

Assessment of the risks affecting project implementation and outline of mitigation measures

Summary of the Stakeholder Assessment and Social Feasibility Study, defining the roles and responsibilities of different groups in design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation (from Component 2)

Maps of the project area (provinces and sites) List of reference materials

Step 5: Implement, Monitoring and Evaluation

When the project is approved, central government will implement the project with technical support from experts, UNDP

Project implementation will be closely monitored by UNOPS and UNDP.

Project will be evaluated periodically by international body

Site Selection Report for GEF/UNDP PDF-B

(CPR/00/G41 – BMCACSS)

Presented by Pei-Yuan Qian

Report written by PY Qian, C Cosslett, QL Zhou

1

1

2

3

4 5

6 10 12

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8

9

11

Initial candidate sites for

this project

Site Selection Activities

Site visit 1: PY Qian, QL Zhou, C Cosslett Duration: Feb. 11 to March 4, 2001 Site Visited: Inner Bay, Daya Bay, Dongzhai,

Sanya, Dazhou Island, Sankou, Dongshan-Nanao, Longhai, “Nanji Islands”

Site Visit 2: PY Qian, QL Zhou, H Si Duration: May 19-29, 2001 Site Visited: Nanji Islands, Fangchenggang-

Beilun Estuary, Qinzhou Bay, 72-paths, Weizhou Island

Report preparation: March-June

Daya Bay, Guangdong Province

Bordered by Huidong County Huiyang City and the Longguang District of Shenzhen city to its south

Semi-closed bay with a mouth of 15 km2 in width opening into the South China Sea

Subtropical monsoon climate Irregular semidiurnal tide

Biodiversity significance

Richest bay ecosystem in South China as it is a protected fishery resource reserve.

12 species of mangroves Chinese white dolphin (Sousa chinensis Osbeck), other dolphin

spp found here. Sea Turtle Reserve in Daya Bay is the only National Natural

Sea Turtle Reserve in China only breeding and nesting ground of green turtles

6 other species of turtles endangered or under national or international protection

horseshoe crabs breeding ground important feeding ground for many migratory birds Small coral reefs breeding and nursing ground of many important commercial

fishes, echinoderms, pearl oyster Wintering ground of migratory birds.

Major challenges Existing staff not trained for biodiversity

conservation

Lack of the appropriate management framework for the entire bay

Insufficient management and facilities of turtle reserve

Rapid development of mariculture

Increase in population

Urbanization

Coordination

Sea turtle natural reserve

Management StatusPinghai National Turtle Natural

Reserve 1992, the State Council

approved the area as a national-level marine protected area

Under direct management of DOF of the province

10 staff with annual operational budget about 250k

Received some funding from the government to conduct a tagging program on green turtle

Three distinct parts 5,600 ha The reefs, waters and eastern

islets of Maozhou

The coastal area and waters around the Luohuitou Cape to Yulin Cape

The reefs and waters and islets of Yalong Bay

SanYa coral Reef Reserve

Yalong Bay


110 Scleractinian reef-building corals 30 species of soft corals Acropora, Porites luteu, Goniastrea aspra > 300 species of fish and 300 invertebrate

spp > 60 large benthic algae Major endemic and endangered species

include Ptycodera flava, lossobalanus morteenseni, Pinctada maxima and > 80 species of reef-building corals

Strength

Good management framework: Sanya Marine Bureau

Biodiversity Review of China categorises the area as IUCN Category IV, Habitat Management Area

Good management baseline Good collaboration of reserve and private

sectors Some international collaboration (NOAA

UNEP and WWF)

Problems Insufficient staffing and financial

resources and protection system Lack of interpretation and

communication facilities Illegal fishing activities More efficient patrolling Database on biodiversity is required

Yunxiao Zhang River Estuary Mangrove Provincial Reserve 3 staff mangrove protection, planning and monitoring

Both reserves under management by Dongshan County under supervision of Zhangzhou Municipality

Dongshan Aquatic Production Bureau is responsible for management of provincial natural reserves at this stage 50 staff

Marine Nature Reserve at Nanji

Islands, Zhejiang Province

Physical and ecological overview 201.06 km2 southeast sea area of Pingyang

County subtropical monsoon marine climate possibly the highest marine biodiversity in

China cold and warm temporal regions

communities, but also contained many subtropical and warm temperature species


178 species of large seaweed rare species of 22 species

microalgae: 459 spp, 30 species are the new record or new species in China

22 species of algae has been identified as rare species in China

421 species of shellfish, 36 shellfish species can only be found in Nanji in China

considered a gene bank of marine shellfish and algae.


Sea Turtles Caretta caretta olivacea, Eretmochlys imbricata, Dermochelys coriacea are protected species

High plants such as Giycine soja Sieb et Zucc, Zanthoxylum nitidum, Maytenus diversifolius, Ardisia sieboldii Pgychotria serpens L. are the protected species in China

very important fishing ground in China

Travel to Nanji by a gunboat

Core Zone of Nanji Reserve

Risking our lives

Red tide (nontoxic)

Sea shells clinch on the rocks

Strength Very good baseline (in both management and

scientific research) High biodiversity significance due to

high number of endemic species/pristine ecosystem

Best management structure among all the sites MAB site of UNESCO in 1998 –

recognition by international society Focal point of National Nature Reserve Largest investment in infrastructure High level of interest of local

government Threats removable

Concerns???

Resettlement issue may be an issue to someone but not an issue to me as

there is no possible violation of human right or whatsoever. Local residents fully support this move as

they will have better living conditions (better education, better hospital,

better housing, better job opportunity yet no restriction to their resident on

islands.

Scoring practice to rank all the sites

17 criteria covering biodiversity, management baseline and so on

Qian, Cosslett, Zhou gave individual scores

All the scores summed and averaged

2nd round of more detailed analysis on top-ranked 6 sites

Recommendation

CRITERIA

GROUP SPECIFIC CRITERIA SCORING

1.1 Presence of globally endangered / globally threatened species (GES, GTS)

Up to 10 points according to the numbers of GES / GTS present at a site. Attention should be given to how recent and reliable are the reports of sightings

1.2 Abundance of globally endangered / globally threatened species (GES, GTS)

Up to 10 points for a GES/GTS abundance rating, e.g., sites which may support relatively large numbers or percentages of the global populations of one or more GES or GTS

1.3 Ecosystem diversity / representativeness

Up to 10 points according to the ‘rareness’ and ‘representativeness’ of the ecosystem type(s) found at the site

1.4 Endemic species Up to 10 points for the importance of endemic species at the site, depending on bot the number of species and the geographic extent of their endemism (e.g., site only is worth more than China’s inshore waters which is worth more than South China Sea, etc.)

1.5 High productivity Up to 10 points for the site’s value in maintaining primary production as a critical ecological process at the site and in surrounding waters

1.6 Spawning area, nursery ground, migration stopover point

Up to 10 points for the importance of the site’s role as either a spawning area, nursery ground, migration stopover point of bottleneck

1.7 Non-marine fauna, especially avifauna

Up to 10 points for the site’s role in conserving avifauna, especially GES / GTS

1. Global biodiversity significance

Sub-total Global biodiversity significance score up to 70

2.1 Economic importance of the site

Up to 10 points for the site’s importance as a resource supporting economic output (including eco-tourism). Assessment should include existence and extent of economic losses associated with prior ineffective management and other factors implying the economic importance of effective management (potential for shifts in national-level benefits)

2.2 National conservation significance

Up to 10 points for the site’s perceived importance at national level as a priority area for conservation. Evidence may include a site’s being mentioned in various national biodiversity action plans, China’s Agenda 21, etc. Also, presence and abundance of species which are threatened at national level.

2.3 Socio-economic significance

Up to 10 points for the site’s importance in supporting local populations, in particularly most vulnerable groups including women

2. National significance

Sub-total National significance score up to 30

3.1 Bio-geographic replicability

Up to 10 points for the extent to which there are other bio-geographically similar, important sites (particularly within the same province) which are potential areas for replication

3.2 Thematic replicability Up to 10 points for the extent to which there are other important sites (particularly within the same province) which face similar problems in terms of threats, including management issues

3. Replicability

Sub-total Replicability score up to 20

4.1 National-level cost-effectiveness

Up to 10 points for the perceived cost-effectiveness of actions which could be taken to ensure sustainable use

4.2 Global cost effectiveness Up to 10 points for estimated cost effectiveness in terms of globally significant biodiversity conserved (benefit) per incremental dollar invested (cost)

4. Cost-effectiveness

4.3 Ease of financing Up to 10 points for the ease with which adequate financial resources may be identified

Sub-total Cost effectiveness score up to 30, sites scored and ranked accordingly.

5.1 Management structure Up to 10 points for the perceived effectiveness and easiness of management structure

5. Baseline 5.2 Existing capacity Up to 10 points for estimated cost effectiveness in

terms of capacity for carrying out the project

Sub-total Cost effectiveness score up to 20

Site G Site H Site I Site J Site K Scores Criteria

CC PY ZQ CC PY ZQ CC PY ZQ CC PY ZQ CC PY ZQ

1.1 GES/GTS presence 6 5 6 8 8 9 7 7 8 5 4 4 3 3 3

1.2 GES/GTS abund. 5 4 5 8 8 8 7 7 8 6 7 7 2 2 2

1.3 Ecosystemdiversity 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 8 8 8

1.4 Endemic species 5 4 6 6 6 7 10 10 10 5 6 6 5 5 5

1.5 Productivity 8 8 8 8 7 8 9 9 9 6 6 6 8 8 8

1.6 Spawning area, etc. 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 5 5 5

1.7 Non-marine fauna 7 8 7 6 6 7 4 5 4 9 9 9 3 3 3

Sub-total 46 44 48 51 50 55 53 54 55 45 46 46 34 34 34

2.1 Economic imptce. 9 10 10 7 6 9 6 7 6 6 6 6 9 10 10

2.2 National conserv. signif. 7 7 7 9 10 10 10 10 10 6 6 8 7 7 7

2.3 Socio-economic signif. 8 9 9 8 8 10 9 10 10 6 5 7 8 8 8

Sub-total 24 26 26 24 24 29 25 27 26 18 17 20 24 25 25

3.1 Bio-geographic 6 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

3.2 Thematic 6 7 7 8 8 8 6 6 6 5 5 5 7 8 8

Sub-total 12 14 14 15 15 15 12 13 13 12 12 12 14 15 15

4.1 National level cost effect. 5 4 6 6 5 8 8 8 9 6 5 8 5 5 5

4.2 Global level cost effect. 4 3 4 6 6 8 8 8 8 4 4 5 4 4 4

4.3 Ease of financing 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 8 5 5 5 5 5 5

Sub-total 16 14 17 20 19 24 24 25 27 15 14 18 14 14 14

5.1 Management Structure 4 2 5 5 3 7 5 10 8 7 7 7 5 5 5

5.2 Existing Capacity 5 4 6 7 8 8 8 9 7 5 4 6 3 3 3

9 6 11 12 11 15 13 19 15 12 11 13 8 8 8

Grand totals 107 104 116 122 119 138 127 138 136 102 100 109 94 96 96

Rank by mean score Rank by median score

Site Mean score Site Median score

1. Nanji Islands (I) 134 1. Nanji Islands (I) 136

2. Sanya (D) 129 2. Sanya (D) 130

3. Shankou (F) 127 3. Shankou (F) 125

4. Jiulong Jiang (H) 126 4. Daya Bay (B) 124

5. Daya Bay (B) 124 5. Jiulong Jiang (H) 122

6. Inner Deep Bay (A) 118 6. Inner Deep Bay (A) 117

7. Dongshan Nan’ao (G) 109 7. Dongshan Nan’ao (G) 109

8. Dongzhai Harbor (C) 105 8. Dongzhai Harbor (C) 105

9. Fangchenggang (J) 104 9. Fangchenggang (J) 102

10. Qinzhou Bay 95 10. Qinzhou Bay 96

11. Dazhou Island (E) 74 11. Dazhou Island (E) 72

ConclusionsTop 6 sites represent different types of

ecosystems Nanji Islands site (136 points) – Highly

recommended Sanya site (130 points) – Highly recommended Sankou site (125 points) – highly

recommended Daya Bay (124 points) -- recommended Jiulongjiang estuary (122 points)–

recommended with reservation Inner Deep Bay site (117 points) –

recommended with reservation

A general instruction to each province from SOA

As indicated by the program schedule (see attached schedule), the field mission team will visit each

site for 3 days. To facilitate the visit, the local government is asked to provide assistance in

arrangement for local transportation, hotel, and meals (all the participants will pay for

his/her own hotel expenses while the project will provide partial support to the local

government to cover other expenses).

providing meeting venues and helping in arranging the meetings:

o Day 1 and Day 2 (> one small meeting rooms are required)

1 general introduction session about the purpose of the field visit: all the

major stakeholders shall attend (need a large room).

1 session to define the current baseline situation: up to eight most relevant

organization, each to give a 15 min presentation on 1) threats and root causes,

2) current management activities, 3) current and planned spending, 4)

technical capacities, & 5) data availability.

1-2 sessions on threats/underlying root causes analysis: participating

stakeholders shall be the ‘best informed’ people about reserve status and

operation.

1 or more sessions to identify alternative/incremental activities to remove

threats: participants shall be from relevant management bodies, academics,

and researchers.

1 session on co-finance identification and analysis: participants shall

represent various local government agents (decision makers may be better)

and private sectors

1 or more sessions to collection information on socioeconomic status:

participants shall be from relevant governmental agency and local

communities.

1 or more sessions to collect information on biodiversity: participants shall

be researcher, academics, management staff,

1 or more stakeholder consultation sessions: field team, some local officials,

local people to discuss resource use issues

o Day 3 (one large room)

Local workshop: all the major stakeholders and field mission team

members will attend to summarize (1) threats/underlying root

causes, 2) activities identified for removing these threats, 3)

cost/incremental analysis, 4) biodiversity significance, 5) finance

and co-finance for proposed activities, and 6) issues to be followed

up. It is desirable for decision makers of various levels of local

government to attend, as their input on co-finance is critical.

collecting information (in addition to those that have been provided during the

first and second site selection missions) before and after the visit

o Data related to the site as detailed as possible

o Data concerning demographic and social activities

o Data related to economic activities

o Data related to governance

o Data related to Environmental Awareness (education program and

training)

o Data related to environmental investment (past, current, and planed)

o Data related to environmental practices

o Capacity to promote community participation

o Biodiversity profile at site

o Threats (types, sources, degree of severity, impacts)

o Plans and initiatives for biodiversity conservation

o Funding source (internal funding, co finance, external funding, cost

effectiveness)

n.s: participants selected shall provide the above information.

selecting and arranging stakeholders to attend the meetings (representatives of

relevant governmental agencies (provincial, city, local communities), academics,

reserve management, local residents, various economic sectors, schools, and so on)

(may need to arrange hotel and meals for them)

中国南海沿海地区生物多样性管理 biodiversity management in the coastal area of the...

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