BIOLOGYBiology is the study of living

organisms

BIOLOGY Biology examines the structure,

function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution and classification of all living things. Five unifying principles form the foundation of modern biology: cell theory, evolution, gene theory, energy, and homeostasis.

CELL THEORY This theory says that new cells are

formed from other existing cells, and that the cell is a fundamental unit of structure, function and organization in all living organisms.

THE CELL Picture of a cell

THE CELL The cell was first discovered by

Robert Hooke in 1665. He examined very thin slices of cork and saw a multitude of tiny pores that he remarked looked like the walled compartments of a honeycomb. Because of this association, Hooke called them cells, the name they still bear. However, Hooke did not know their real structure or function.

EVOLUTION In biology, evolution is change in the

genetic material of a population of organisms from one generation to the next. Though changes produced in any one generation are normally small, differences accumulate with each generation and can, over time, cause substantial changes in the population, a process that can result in the emergence of new species.

HUMAN ANATOMY The Human anatomy includes Skeletal system Muscular system Brain and nervous system Heart and circulatory system

SKELETAL SYSTEM The skeletal system is a large, rigid

framework of bones, functioning like an inner scaffolding to give the body shape

BONES AND JOINTS:: bones are some of the strongest structures in the world. Weight for weight, bone is at 5 times as strong as steel. Joints are the structures where separate bones meet. There are many types of joints. some allow bones to swing to and fro like a hinge, such as the elbow joint. Others are swivel joints such as the head on the spine.

Skeletal system

SKELETAL SYSTEM The skeletal system also includes The back bone: or spine is a column of

bones, called vertebrae. These extend from the base of the skull down to the very middle of the back.

The skull: or cranium, protects your brain. It is made up of 8 separate bones, joined together along semi-rigid joints called sutures or sutura, which are found only in skull.

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

The human body contains more than 700 muscles, each of which form an essential part of the living, moving body

Muscles are special organs that tighten (contract) and relax, and function to produce force that moves parts of the body. There are three different types of muscles: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle.

THE BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM

The brain and the entire nervous system comprise the body's very own mission control center

The nerves, which link every part of the body to the brain, also carry instant messages from the brain to every organ and muscle. In turn, the organs and muscles send messages back to the brain about what is going on inside and outside the body .

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord

The cerebral cortex is the thin layer of the nerve cells called “grey matter” on the surface of the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain.

The brain is protected by the skull, layers of membranes and clear fluid called cerebrospinal fluid, which also protects the spinal cord

BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM

THE HEART AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The circulatory system, or cardiovascular system, transports blood from the heart to the organs and tissues all over the body.

As blood circulates throughout the body important nutrients and oxygen are supplied to the body’s tissues

Arteries and veins: are two types of cylindrical vessels that carry blood around the body.

The heart: is a strong, muscular pump at the center of the circulatory system. It pumps blood through the arteries to all areas of the body.

The heartbeat and pulse : each heartbeat has two phases: the contraction and the resting.

The heart and circulatory system

THE FIVE SENSES THE FIVES SENSES INCLUDE Sight Hearing Touch Smell Taste

SIGHT

Sight is said to be the most important of the body's senses, providing nearly two-thirds of all information that your brain processes. Light rays reflected from objects outside the body, enter the eye through the cornea, a clear, domed tissue that covers the front of the eye.

HEARING

The ear is one of the body’s most complex organs contains the mechanisms for hearing and balance. The process of hearing involves the interpretation of vibrations in the air that stimulate the ear drum, the middle ear and the inner ear

TOUCH Skin is the body’s largest organ. While

providing protection from the environment. it is also responsible for the senseof touch

SMELLSmell works together with taste so we can enjoy food while also being reminded which substances are harmful.

TASTETaste is responsible for detecting flavor in what we eat. When we drink or eat, flavors are dissolved in saliva making them more likely to come in contact with the taste buds In the tongue.