biology is the study of: life all living things___________ to make more living things
TRANSCRIPT
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Semester Exam Review
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Biology is the study of:
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All living things___________ to make more living things.
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All living things ___________ to make more living things
Reproduce
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Procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis:
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Procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis:
Experiment
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Testable explanation for a question or a problem:
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Testable explanation for a question or problem:
Hypothesis
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Smallest units that can carry on all life processes:
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Smallest units that can carry on all life processes:
Cells
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Objective lens – 10x Ocular (eye) lens = 20 x What is the total maginification?
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Objective Lens = 10xOcular Lens = 20x
Total Magnification = 200x(10x20 = 200)
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What is a dependent variable?
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What is a dependent variable?
Results that change due to the independent variable
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Reaction A + B -> C What are A and B?
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Reaction A + B CWhat are A and B?
Reactants
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What does this symbol mean?
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What do those symbols mean?
Chemicals
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Which type of muscle makes up the heart?
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Which type of muscle makes up the heart?
Cardiac
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Which type of muscle is found in organs?
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Which muscles contract under unconscious control?
Involuntary
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Which type of muscle is found in organs?
Smooth
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What type of energy is the action of pepsin on proteins?
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Action of pepsin on proteins is:
Chemical digestion
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Homeostasis means:
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Homeostasis means:
Maintaining a stable internal environment
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Heart and blood vessels belong to which system?
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Heart and blood vessels:
Cardiovascular system
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What do ligaments do?
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What defends against bacteria infections?
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What defends against bacteria infections?
White blood cells
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Where does digestion start?
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Sweating is an example of __________.
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Muscle fatigue happens when muscles have _______ oxygen levels.
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Muscle fatigue happens when muscles have _____ oxygen levels.
Low
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What does the liver produce?
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What is structure A in the diagram?
AtriumCarries blood low in oxygen
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Which part of the eye sends messages to the brain?
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What part of the eye sends signals to the brain?
Structure 5 (optic nerve)
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Which structure contains the cones and rods?
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Which structure contains cones and rods?
Structure 6 (retina)
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Which structure transmits impulses away from the cell?
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Which structure transmits impulses away from the cell?
Structure 1 (axon)
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Which structure of a neuron receives impulses?
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Which structure receives impulses?
Structure 3 (dendrite)
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What type of reaction is burning a piece of paper?
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Burning paper:
Chemical reaction
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Give an example of a compound
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Compound:
Water, Salt, Carbon Dioxide
H2O, NaCl, CO2
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What subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
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What number is represented by a very strong base?
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Carbon 12, 13, and 14 are examples of ______________.
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Flourine has 9 electrons. How many electrons are in the second energy level?
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Fluorine has 9 electrons. How many in second energy shell?
7(2 in first shell, 7 in second shell)
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Which state of matter has highly packed particles?
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Which state of matter has highly packed particles?
Solid
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Which bond shares electrons?
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Bond when electrons are shared?
Covalent Bond
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What results in an atom with the same number of neutrons and protons.
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Atom has same # of neutrons and protons:
Neutral charge
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Give examples of why the body needs proteins.
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2 uses of proteins?
Builds musclesMakes enzymesHelps metabolismBuilds organsProvides immunity
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Which organisms do not have cell walls I their cells?
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Which organisms do not have a cell walls?
Animals
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Name the three parts of the cell theory.
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Name 3 parts of cell theory:
All cells come from pre-existing cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
All organisms are made of cells
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If a cell has a nucleus it is a(n)_____________.
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Water will move into a cell if a solution is ___________________.
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Water moves into a cell in a ___________ solution.
Hypotonic
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Water will move out of a cell is a solution is ______________.
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Water moves out of a cell in a ____________ solution.
Hypertonic
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_________________ is particles moving from low to high concentration.
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_____________ is particles moving from low to high concentration.
Active Transport
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What structure maintains the homeostasis of a cell?
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What structure maintains homeostasis in cells?
Cell Membrane
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Only eukaryotic cells have membrane bound ____________.
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Only eukaryotic cells have membrane bound:
Organelles
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If a cell has no nucleus, but does have a cell wall it is a(n)_____________.
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If a cell has no nucleus, but does have a cell wall:
Prokaryotic
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Which cell structure regulates what enters and leaves a cell?
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Which cell structure regulates what enters and leaves cell?
Cell membrane
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Structures that perform certain functions are known as_____________.
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Structures that perform certain functions:
Organelles
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What are the hair-like organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell?
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Hair-like organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell?
Cilia
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Where are proteins made?
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Which cell structure packages and distributes proteins?
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Which cell structure packages and distributes proteins?
Golgi Apparatus
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What is the double membrane surrounding the nucleus?
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Double membrane surrounding the nucleus?
Nuclear Membrane
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What are the storage organelles for water and nutrients?
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Plant cells have storage organelles for water and nutrients:
Central Vacuole
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Chlorophyll traps _________ from sunlight.
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Chlorophyll traps __________ from sunlight.
Energy
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Animal cells do not have___________.
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Animal cells do not have:
Cell WallsChloroplasts
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Animals have __________ vacuoles to store water.
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Animals have ________ vacuoles to store water.
Small
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The more active a cell is the more __________ it will have.
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Active cells have many:
Mitochondria (energy makers)
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Where is water NOT found in the cell membrane?
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Where is water not found in the plasma membrane?
Structure 3 (inside the membrane)
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Which structure immediately identifies the cell as eukaryotic?
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Which structure immediately identifies the cell as eukaryotic?
Structure 2 (nucleus)
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What is the Kidney-shaped organelle called?
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What is the main passageway in the cell called?
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What is structure 1?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Which phase is when chromosomes line up on the equator?
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Which phase is when chromosomes line up on equator?
Metaphase
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Mitosis is when a cell’s nucleus ____________.
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Mitosis is when a cell’s nucleus:
Divides
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Draw all four stages of mitosis.
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Interphase has 3 parts:
G1, S, G2
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What is exocytosis?
Particles exit the cell
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What is endocytosis?
Particles enter the cell
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What is the reason for mitosis?
To make new cells for our body
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Diffusion ____________ use energy.
Does not
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Diffusion moves nutrients from ___________ concentration.
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Diffusion moves nutrients from ______ to ______ concentration.
High to low
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Ink dissolving into water is:
Diffusion
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Which phase does the nucleus divide?
Mitosis
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Photosynthesis is when ___________ convert light energy to ______________.
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Photosynthesis is when __________ convert light energy to __________.
ChloroplastsChemical Energy
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Proteins are made up of:
Amino Acids
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Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between 2 ____________.
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Energy is release from ATP when the bond is broken between 2:
Phosphate groups
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Which cell would eventually burst?
Cell B
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Watson and Crick were the first to discover that DNA:
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Watson and Crick were the first to discover that DNA:
Is shape of Double Helix
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When DNA is copied, it’s called DNA ______________.
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When DNA is copied, its called DNA:
Replication
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DNA nucleotides are made up of a phosphate group and ______________ and ________________.
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DNA nucleotide is made up of a phosphate group and:
Deoxyribose (sugar) and nitrogenous base
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Order from smallest to largest: Chromosome Cell Nucleotide DNA Nucleus
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Order from smallest to largest:
Nucleotide, DNA, Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell
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Messenger RNA is formed during:
Transcription
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AATTAG to AAATAG is a _____________ mutation.
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AATTAG to AAATAG is:
Point Mutation
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AATTAGAAATAG to ATTAGAAATAG is a ___________ mutation.
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AATTAGAAATAG to ATTAGAAATAG is:
Frameshift Mutation
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What is the primary function of the DNA?
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Primary function of DNA is to:
Carry genetic informationCode for the production of proteins!
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How are DNA and RNA different?
Ribose is sugar in RNARNA is single strandedUracil is in RNA
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3 types of RNA:
Messenger RNATransfer RNARibosomal RNA
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Pairing in DNA:
A pairs with TG pairs with C
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What molecules are found on the sides of the DNA “ladder”?
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What do the circles represent in DNA?
Nucleotide
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What type of mutation is this?
AAGGCCGG to AGGGCCGG
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What type of mutation is shown?
Substitution