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© Boardworks Ltd 2005

‘a sort of national property in which every man has a right and interest who has an eye to perceive and a heart to enjoy’, William Wordsworth (1810) in his Guide to the Lakes

National Parks

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Where are the National Parks?What is a National Park?Why do people visit the Lake District?What are the consequences of tourism in the Lake District?How can tourism be managed?

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Where are the National Parks?

There are 12 National Parks in England and Wales.

The New Forest became a National Park in 2005.

The South Downs is currently in the process of being designated a National Park.

There are two National Parks in Scotland – The Cairngorms, and Loch Lomand & the Trossachs.


With the help of an atlas, describe the distribution of the National Parks in England and Wales.

Consider their position in relation to human and natural features such as motorways, settlements and highland areas.



Exmoor

SnowdoniaLake District

Landscapes of National Parks

Describe the landscapes of these National Parks.



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What are National Parks?

National Parks are protected areas of natural beauty.The areas include mountains, moorland, heathland, woodland and coasts.

National Parks are not theme parks – they are not fenced off and people live and work in them.

Each National Park is managed by a National Park Authority (NPA), which works to balance the needs of the landscape, the residents and the visitors.

Snowdonia

Exmoor


What are the aims of the National Parks?

To protect and enhance the natural beauty and wildlife. To promote the understanding and enjoyment of the Parks.To foster the social and economic well-being of the communities living in the National Parks.

Can you see how these duties may conflict with one another?


Private

ForestryCommission

National Trust

WatercompaniesMinistry ofDefenceNational Parks

Others

Land ownership in Britain’s National Parks

Who owns most of the land?Why may it be difficult for the National Park Authorities to control what happens in the National Parks?

Study the pie chart showing the land ownership in Britain’s National Parks.



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Why do people visit the Lake District?

Study the photographs!


Why do people visit the Lake District?

Make a list of activities people can do in the Lake District.


Major honeypot areas in the Lake District

Major honeypot areas

Where are the major honeypot areas in the Lake District?


What is a honeypot site?

A honeypot site is a place of natural or historical interest that attracts people in large numbers. What features make Lake Windermere a honeypot site?

boating on Lake Windermere

picnic sites and car parks National Park

tourist information centre

camping and caravan sites, hotels and cafes

the Lake District’s only car ferry

viewpoints across Lake Windermere


Grasmere – another honeypot site

Grasmere’s population can swell from 800 people to 10,000 on a sunny summer’s day!

Former home of William Wordsworth



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Consequences of tourism in the Lake District?

Study the photographs!


Consequences of tourism


How does footpath erosion occur?


Examination question

Study the photographs. Give three reasons why tourists might be attracted to these areas.

What benefits may tourists bring to these areas?



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Managing tourism in the Lake District

speed restrictions on the lakes, e.g. 10 mph on Lake Windermere

traffic restrictions

repair of stone walls and eroded footpaths e.g. footpath repair at Dollywagon Pike

screening of car parks and industry by planting trees

park-and-ride schemes

limited car parking

improved public transport

ban of second homes

promotion of ‘timeshare’ holiday homes, e.g. Great Langdale holiday homes

Select 3 ways of managing tourism in the Lake District and discuss their advantages and disadvantages.

separate trails for mountain-bikers

How is tourism managed in the Lake District?



‘The aim of sustainable development is to use resources in a wiser, fairer and more balanced way.

The quality of people's lives and the state of our communities is affected by a combination of

economic, social and environmental factors. These factors are interlinked and it is important that our

actions show positive benefits for all three, not just for today, but for future generations as well.’ LDNPA

The Lake District National Park Authority (LDNPA) has a duty to ensure that tourism is sustainable.



The NPA promotes schemes to persuade people not to use their cars. The Car Free CareFree scheme is an example of this.

The Countryside Code is aimed at educating visitors on how they should act responsibly in the National Park.

Education schemes are one approach that the National Park Authority is using to manage tourism in the Lake District:



A 10mph speed limit has been imposed on Lake Windermere.

Explain why management schemes can create conflicts.


‘There are many lower fells which are not onlyless crowded, but often have better views and are less demanding. Avoid walking to the sides of paths or taking shortcuts.’


LDNPA’s advice to walkers:Some of the scars created by footpath erosion are so large they can be seen in satellite images!

The LDNPA has launched a Fix the Fells scheme which aims at fundraising money for the repair of over 145 seriously eroded footpaths.

Footpath repair is carried out using local plant species and avoids the use of visually obtrusive materials.All path building is carried out using local and traditional methods.

Explain why the LDNPA advises visitors where

and how to walk!


Do we still need National Parks?

Since 1950, 28% of Britain’s moorland has been lost.

Land in England is being developed at the rate of 11,000 ha each year.

The population of the UK will keep rising until 2036.

580000

600000

620000

640000

660000

680000

700000

720000

740000

1997 UK Population

babies born

people died


Examination question

Use examples you have studied to show how tourism can damage environments and how the damage might be managed.

This question demands examples – aim to get all of these named places into your answer!

•Bowness

•Gamlin End

•Troutbeck

•Grasmere

•Lake Windermere


The National Park quiz


Key ideas

There are 12 National Parks in England and Wales. National Parks are protected areas of natural beauty.Each National Park is managed by a National Park Authority, which works to balance the needs of the landscape, the residents and the visitors.The physical and human characteristics of the Lake District National Park attract over 12 million visitors a year.A honeypot site is a place of natural or historical interest that attracts people in large numbers. Examples include Bowness and Grasmere.Tourism creates a range of environmental and socio-economic consequences. Many of these are negative.The National Park Authority aims to manage tourism in a sustainable way.

© boardworks ltd 2005 1 of 34 these icons indicate that teacher’s notes or useful web addresses...

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