cellular respiration aerobic processes requires oxygen anaerobic processes do not require oxygen ...
TRANSCRIPT
Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Processes Requires oxygen
Anaerobic Processes Do not require oxygen Ex: Fermentation
Four stages of Cell Respiration1. Glycolysis Takes place in the cytoplasm
2. Formation of acetyl CoA3. Citric Acid Cycle4. Electron Transport Chain &
chemiosmosis
Steps 2-4 takes place in the Mitochondrion
Four stages of Cellular Respiration
Summary of aerobic respiration
Glycolysis: “Sugar splitting”
◦Glucose is split into 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid
◦Does not require oxygen◦Divided into two major phases
Energy investment phase 2 ATPs are needed to start the process
Energy capture phase 4 ATPs are produced
◦Each glucose molecule produces net yield of 2 ATPs.
Glycolysis
Formation of Acetyl CoAFormation of Acetyl CoA
◦The two Pyruvic Acid molecules generated in glycolysis are modified to 2 molecules of acetyl.
◦Then, the acetyl molecules are attached to an enzyme CoA.
◦The final product is 2 molecules of acetyl CoA.
Formationof acetyl CoA
Citric Acid CycleCitric Acid Cycle◦For every glucose, 2 acetyl molecules enter the citric acid cycle
◦6 CO2 molecules are removed & 2 ATPs are produced
◦Many electrons are generated as a result of several chemical reactions
◦Electrons are transported to the Electron Transport Chain to generate ATP.
Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain◦Electron carrier molecules dump the electrons down the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
◦Electrons are then used to create bonds between ADP and Phosphate molecules to make 32 ATP molecules, through a process known as chemiosmosis
Electron transport chain
Accumulationof protons withinthe inter-membranespace
Electron transport and chemiosmosis
Energyyield fromcompleteoxidation ofglucose byaerobicrespiration
Many organisms depend on nutrients other than glucose
Products of protein and lipid catabolism enter same metabolic pathways as glucose
Energyfrom carbohydrates,proteins, and fats
FermentationFermentation◦Anaerobic process that breaks down glucose into organic compounds, 2 ATP & CO2
◦Takes place in the cytoplasm
◦Two Pathways:1. Lactic Acid Fermentation
2 ATP, Lactic Acid & 2 CO2
2. Alcoholic Fermentation 2 ATP, Alcohol & 2 CO2
Fermentation