· created date: 3/19/2009 12:06:08 pm
TRANSCRIPT
ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY
, , Third year, ,
Building and Construction Engineerint Department
University of Technology
By
Dr. AQEET Al-ADtLl
ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY
" Third year "
Building and Construction Engineering
University of Technology
By
Dr. AQEET Al-ADlLl
Department
Table of Contents
Chapter ofe ln(oducrion.
Subjects
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Chapter i\ o. wearler& H)drolog).
Chapler fo ! r Srem I loq.
ChapLer f i ,e F!apumt lon.
C hapler sil: S ubsurface Warer.
Chaltr se\ en. Strerm F ow Hldrog/ap|s.
Clapler eighr Relation benveeD Precipitation
Chaprer nne: H)'drologic Routlig.
Chaprer ten Reraons.
ChapFr e le \en Probdbi l i ty in l I ) dro lo$.
a
Chapter tuee: Pecipit iion. 6
Engine€rins hvdroloqv: h con@ncd *i$ rhe ficld p.nntm r0 pLlnning dcsigD ud"p;ri"";a;t;-t"g pE" "l,icl, is s$cni.l ro th" coirtol sd rs..frarer
HydFloqv s 'on(mcd " dr L\c oilinGh-ia---i prop(Lis ot qr.ron c!n,
Ihe hvdfolo{ical cYcle r r rlll:i3!r.1 l-l)Dvolrcs : EvxpomlL.rCatilb4 . IincEcplion , md lotdlo\y
Chaplef oneIntroduction
shcd si$ drc h)drololic.r_rlcPtc ip i ld ion , ln f i l rnL ion , l c tc r [ ion ,
(@cutreDcc,.irculalio. x dnrlbuliotr ) and chcnical
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Chapter t\\,oWcather &Ilvdrologv
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Thc hydrololic chirtrocrisrics oir rc8jon n daidcd by :(i)itgcololy lb):i.srphy G)dinrE
CIimalei::;;i;r rrd dnu blricD oa p,ccip:r oni: occurcicc or'rio\! rid i.c.l' ltecffcc$ oflind.lcinpcm.urc, huDridny on $.poErs|ntr1ion md nto\ Dtrlr
Tcnocraturc\r:l. !!lJ "rr !J!!l re an i nd. nr'i\
lt.rn rcoDc.rlurc: isIMrlcras. olrndinunr uirnn'nli.fiPfrlurcs.
iNor.rrl lcninc.rrurc: n 1[c rrcrase lor, paniculrdda $ nrri
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I'lcrsurenrcnt of lcdpdarure'
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pturatd iron rt.ifltllotr, anci(uliion od dtcdsuiligia.scc Fig (l l)
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T: r5iiilc lcmpcnlu in {lillri .li) -.R" : sticilic gs coBtmr lbr dr, lir = :.S7 - lir'.n i'k'o : \ r l ) o r lT . su rc in ( l pa ) ,
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/ li) \\fhI i ihc hd of yaponarion , in kilojoulcs rer sm , tor Mlcr d (r) 3"c dd {bl :0.c.
- 1.1) wlldt i! rlr dcnsny , in( lg/nr) of (a) dry an d 20 .c od a pLcssurc of I 1)0 tF . dd (b) Drisrair wnh rcl.rirc huidny of 70% ar $e smc leDrpcdrc edprc5suc.
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urcNipordron liom occri surt.cs.nroit :irlu!D.c ordccjjjnarc oI; 4joD
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:,+.:",..t li.i:, d,,aton 4taho4!h,p. tox.1wd t' ou".v oltna,tuk at Hv.)rot;s )
Iigure 2.8 the lo-year frcquency for 60-
5
E
&
Check fion OxJord.! fisure!: fronnhutq dunion irdicacs 2l nr in I
F= 0.88?= OAS x 21=
ly l:i,:'." l, ,qra8e inknsir' giLh mcreae in "*. _ _,, ,i7.0*lf..,-i
*T, -1i1",.d in volhe
of dF Flood srudies Rcport [r3l u;uoseqlenflr tl4l. -Lsing mo,e ex,.ns\e ddr, d,e we,e ,v.rable ro Hoitznd.fudter lore aboul . , j . o t i .cd in \ r , . .
F ; r ' e . o / , , . a i a u t ? . o t a t o t t n h . h ? , t o b l50 ) eaB in.onhnental usA t91
FEte2.jo Deptharet .uy., of ruihfatl
mdy poi.t mlues ro give an ave.as. rainfall deptn over a cerrain a,ea. Thcrnplest way of doins 1his is to rake rne aithmericat nean of .he anoDnlsknown lnr aI poinls in ure eea. If the dislribution of such poinls over rhe treat !rrlorh and '1e wri,non r rhe InoiqJLat g,Lse! amobts ae nor ldrge. rhflrhjs merhod gve, reasonabtyFood rerutE,_-Aj9!{111!gl.,ru. ro r r,e*n lrsJ.treims de /ode oiuluence of e&h
saroo b , dmBnE t inAb. 'senprBot gduge. .b iFcrnrgu ,e i ineswi rh pe , !q .
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€ E z E - : r ct ; ; s s : - ze I e i r l e€ i : . F s ! ;= € i € E . s Fi F : ; 5 : :E g , b l e ; 5: H 9 E : E ! ha E & i E : : *r E E F T g ! , q? g € < 3 E € :€ € ; 5 e E 5
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ChaPter fourf Stream florv
Stean 1l oN dala: d. Yerv tnpoIlrt lo the ir dnl'gic stu'r'es
ii"s;' '. .-,"' " *"-" s 'i is mad. co'drlo0s 11 is the ererarion abore so e dbLta-v
aro d:ruD ro Lh. \ aler 3uiace ai 5 sanon., r.1,.,..-"j ty ""ne"r","inhha s..le ci socreian.nio,r orit is in$ssed iDire'' *"i,i,-iii,." Ir ;, rri.ir oD $nffl or on ar) snxcture on ihe sid' 6r *e riler ' rlr'
r_t
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rig (J l ) .{ ssti'n :bif -t::c '
corbmu -c la : r rmr , l ipan isnoredbv th ' r l sn enn i4 t r r z ldagnnFcrd
i ig e.:at. ",,. ; t
Fig (4 2) Conrinuos sdi! cjfn '
3- c.6i rz c lrse Fisue(l r)' C o . . " _ . : ' r o d e ! , d , ' d " r ' o r d ' e
e I'c , d/',! cYr
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Sedion control: Tl'is exks snen coitolling f€iEs ae ituat.d in a shonldsrh'f'chu\el C L " w - ;a l.r Q tli" t )
C!.nielcontr.l: mn cxists {nen the s:+. dkchEeerelallon is gor'med!t tlt ddpc.sja dd ouglnes ofJr: rtslJ drdc'*iderabl:diid'e
. Djsch.rge.t- Cltt?nT eelers.
(it Price ndeB (Fig 1 1) six cof,i.,l cups !ol.d!g abdu \tiical t\is
(b) Propellei- $pdFi-q.1.t.
llie:::::i.r i:rre.rrelolLicDs per s.snd \ of:he n:rer rats a_.d xald \ elocjrv r is gj\ cn bl:
\ = a b N
3 l b : I ns ld . a : s i d : i g t l oc i t ) . a -0 .01&b=067
\ rr.lrilor;iersr..id ofiheEeier.np!
s lrnlo IIItIIItIIIIIIIIIIII
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rlarlljt'"ofdeloral0oNofthenve.!eb.n)rsnesippoxinalelld!!:9L!4(FiSl-7)netu1\e ldc i l \ : , . ' i 1 '
( v d 1 + v d . d / 2 : v d 6(Lr snalbw Eler doud I m
j:ig11 6l Tne proc:du.e for.U;..
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:timaii:rell f :::boi:. !nl.s :rc
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nro n,:ed serii.nr s.NE..t
r : 1 i : b l . baL \ : i e r€ \ { s . h ' f . , r ! ( Ln .m! L i . lDc3.:!rodh is rebreseDied b!:
q/qo=ts/sol =tr/ | o./
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r= r (herer \ ' cd no . r beNf tn Lhc r . i o
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orer rie dea dr \'olum. nr Dj
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;t-lJr,,,-."x &J:j.l ,J-.Jl J4;tl r.i" lt'1r ',,L(ti!t-|t'$at
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I -,+r:",-.1 ',
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.;+l r,< !-rL;i it!!t Jt tLjl il[l j/ i!-:Lt .Ul .:,lr; J- !i, l . l g i 1*:si ' l- ; ; ;+ !,-<r;r+ ,rr ir;, , , i ' - : .r a i .Dt 4|t
! i> . / -1 l l ;LJ j r ' . - l i ; e ' ' ( - j r :
d,i fj.ll .Ll!,lll -l- -!Jt-:r !;(-l) ol,,r!-!_j.jt J.r? d!
+! ( ,5 ) ,s " r i . r i ! l ( - r l a l j r t , ( 3 ) .v \ . { l ; r r - - ; ) , ( 2 )J ,! 'Ui ;L:<1 ">(-6) ' t l
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S. ):i,N\ J!,.',j +r .;.�r d -i-:! at Jl ;J- i irri i,,r rt
!-t _,--:.lr L_r orc -ii a\:Jr ;jLJ iy<r't"! Gr!\+/ _*aL+116!)rctll Cl,=11 -^! .c(ion ntr 6!-.Ll *;L t/-]1 ,! '-,
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t4, ,/1)sor-ndialion,l/, 5) Aano9bsr'c pE$!r.r
" 7t Vr la t r
l l tet tqt ''1y41!!:-bcdc4!e&!cini tiq!!!ft g$:!uq?ll!!4
ElaplEilon.i b3|ra.r:i.j Lrh ii. coniiiljt equanol:
E = ( S , - S , t + i + P O O "
S), Sr : $orage leiore :nd aier rhe Fci.CI:$fee!!le\ tfl.,O: s{tace oltflcrr ,.at?\c,o,: olsurl-e-24 e.
Thk ir limple in rhhry bli i:i;cutrislise jn i|e n*sur.feic ofp.l OSr. Subsurfa€ seepage L ncniitjcuhro meaur. becaus. ir h.sio b.hecq,tJiroh nqueDens of scbd \ arer leveli
st t"Joa+a'Esr i f ra , :og rc eno i r " . rpo . : i ioo fo rm n"0 s , Eotu ' ron rad I p r r r " Jmereororoglc,| 0,raCIGSA!@is 6ost $i,jely ured-
Ii h of mpainted gall anize! ir.n l22.m in dianete.-oy 25.4 on Ceep Ftrr tnNod iane 1d iet ai cncutaie beieil rhc pd, Iig. 5.Itk filldlodepih of20 cm and reiilled\ien$edeplhh* fallento l3 cn.vaier{urra€ levelis fr*u:ed dailiBifi a nook caeein$illi.g ieil.l e d f r s c e . . , r a . r . d ? . - , : p . - o , .
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3-To diihrre deia for s&rioN * \ h ich pan obirslons rre mr tuad..1 Totn daG rl,e rel;bih! srd rrarsihrir.idsol.b.en.d dab.l T u r i d r l t r q ! j ) . f l a \ e - p i r i L . r . ?r" ) . la) t de^s 'GhtA+ i<
( r =; ir=0,7 IEP]
+ : P3n er:po.arlor (nrnr/d41.E :s\.pcralicr(n /Cat).
Pan.vaDbnrion and meteorolosical factorsx?br oi o.nr.er plncFporii,dn:ptraosc aE:
l-I.cft asc knoslcdgc of cv.poBiidn.2-To estimaie nksircp rc.ord!.
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rhljtiEr.on
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n*iurom.d of caspir,tioD
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i . ' : - ) ' , l .: i t l l , l i :l , i = ' - = = .: : : : . i - : i : : : :
- :
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drlble, lnd N n n. qi{r|h rpprc!.rl
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mdlpdtbn'Aeqfucly,stiJ'E'jry
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(t 'hen ,h. Em|eEba or rh€ {*
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t I -c {in od!trrYJ
aciuxl\apotrrcsu€ in ihc dI rbo€(nmndary)ni lper d sm'tundtrLdheish' (n)
/ r 0 x t ! 4 1 o t + 0 5 4 r t
,i drots srd nlcd h n/rr r hcilhr orzD l_r ir i i nold4cN lij r rh. oii Ii!. donnilly o
br ib{ ai 'sihcahr,itrrru F!tu d (iq. \hr trPluru,r /ir
b o s l l t A x d d l g r y l n | i r t Jd.*hFd ; Lr, r",. "r q*N" r
su!]] l fuNh, eNlLr |ol l lre IJ5 o(t h Thc Ndh{bidl. ui cl,
f! = 0 345t* el(r rori,t
/f.
Enqineinq Hydrotosy
r. = vnd vdodry in 'nb d ! heish' o
4 = .ursdili nqn qH vn- (or i5 quilrar rn h*r quavl
,Rs - nd iont , lb! snh,3 sd ee.
ri 194! Psoo Ul e@fded i 6e
, p P ' ' " ' . " "
rI. a#!| Mprt Duids se rrours or daylLsh rhqe is I rnft o, nd!
s b e s g i ] t i h t L u l a r o l n b y r u o t , l L d
k d l ' ? - l t r o o r m n l l ] p q s j b r : l b
x. =na(o.r3 + 0.5r//r)Md qude (trbdr (oi viljrir. !sr)
rc =,r^a.r: + 0.54,rr)ed rrastr (ru Gsra, ^sddtul
(!/, = 0), du' :0 !' 6r oimrtrr
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rr =n.(r r=Ra(r r(0.4 r o.55,rrr)
,Rs=or,.(0i7 oinJ"Xo:o+oso./r)
- xr(o r3 +0.f3/D)0 006) ,rj
,=x^(0 .13+0$, . / r l ( r . o%) ( r r r .4 i ,0 |7:(0.17 0.m7\,/?) (0.rr0 + 0 mtr/r)
drc a = h!! 4riribl! ri, *:ed
r- ndsc hh{rorrlr qlrr m$(rhrr,nonFlor ihe drioin{r (icedie xdklt( @,
y o y & l s i 4 l . d ! I , t ! $ o * e q ! , . 1 L$ ' " ' d d . " . ' . ' . t , " . , f " * , * - * n ]
L"-cte; ")fa)!i smd b. 4irurd ir ir d sn
dmahnrc urburhu), i]t mN beris eftnd by cl a). dre dru
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. = ! L "
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r + llllr) l!" 'jrL . ; . I
, ; J7:)
t1::tE.
l . fh q r .q* 'm r . : e ! r4 r .
t : ' ' *rnkr $irlr!tro'd{s4uocc.c trdbr I6)
I
rc =^a(0r0+0134/ r )
h$€ad orpsnurra(o.]3 | o $4/rl,bul eydncmrairbc$,br rtu!
3.4 Euloilrbn ton thd sodlB 0.
trE/z; = 0.e0r & ,
] :
vdusorti/.r ror $dbm rr+llid
1 " .srPrnLe lu odobcl ' ,
T r ' N s t | ' B u 4 r j ! ] i | h s l u t r u j , t r b
r ' I ' l
t : ) r i i I = i r r . , ! L r d c t r
. /= ) . / ( rd s . r rnonst
EvapoEdoi.id Tnrrrnd'on
, ( 9
, - (6?5 t ' 0 ' � y3 (77 r :10 ' y ,+O7er10 4y+o !e r ( r . e l
3v{,s! ftiP*rur / ccl n sivetr by
whoNg8sEd 'lrL .quijotr (3 3)ri(3.e) my b. simPlified 4 fouo{s
t = 0 oer'rr
roedorrr nre thrcuahdr pdd oreN{Fr. " I = r 5.c irrrf s*turs!(3r)?r, roi rh. ndtrh ai q4!!
Eldor',.oltlPoldngbnssj€nn{diuied {lu* tu rltnb! rdru$e! rd dl,
1 q * i h I c o l e l , ' h o t s r t d l b E i t i y
to enrh rhd mi( rjo do rd crur$ sbnLprly i ! pnricuh tund rhoush rr
For lrojd nudie
\ j )
N
t
IIII
IIIIItIIIItII
Chapler siriSpbsurfacc water
;::;ytul l
t ,
;::'i::'i;,5"''
i<*<
(G.", "J * t " )t ..a,: " t:)
: -:=l -r-- -<:.
Pole sprcs .oibin bnln ai dd $alar. fto r3ie! in djs 2onc is rno\r a Y4l9!3u3llJGEp.Dded (rtt d soil {:ier
C.nnned oi anesian \iu is o\eriair by aD inpeFions sallir.
Il l
I
k,ea*:. Z-"".-e..""f,G]-
Pe.cnniel: on and oi-ink2 r..Ep Iencml :n rn n . j ! i : . (Ls r : t t y t rc . j i t i i . s : i : j i : i s i r i l a r )
T \ o n ' ? i d ' . u b . u ' r . , c r o i i . . r < , l ] \ d d t \ . ! : . \ 2 k r r . b l c ' t r : o r , o r . , o r z o n e , :f f i r " " , v . , - . . . ( o . r ' , ' . - . . l . . . ; < , t d a / ? / . , ) t )\
[ . r . . . , r , " r r c " :
( wlta t r . )l lo is ture in thc ud.se zone
T t r ! L r 5 e d o , ! o . i b . o \ e 1 . l ! t : . ' .
IIItIIIIIIIIII!tIIIII
Abor. rhe \arerrabl. c,riilltr,r id(&o Crr.t:riijr.:{s r 9!E a D.rdj\e h.\e inrennediale ,e.ion nt,.r n cli6.,:-rFieid.2pacj6 r tuoillr corl:i1ofsoil aner gi\iryi:jF-!. i.o.,plei..I:!!s3!91:l: noisiu,e con:.:,r ors.il \rlri Fla 6 ::rr.r :\ir: f, \2ir i:oi1r1e !oil.
]te2surenreh! of soil nroisiureTenriomeicr c.ns\ts olr lorous ceraric ctrp rhici
comected to amaDoF.r.ri ! i r ! r I i . . h . ! . i l . i l k d , i h $ r € f - i l
\ . te , io r D! r? t lq r r \ ? ro f . : r l .d ro i l r : re . .
C..-^lc.
f . ( 6 , S . l . "Ta r i . d r " : . . 9 o f r . , r . t . r . e .
ical mojsrureralues f.r qrjous soiltl'pes
rl--l Il i r+
D.rs,Lt. Ix,:-'- l
IIIIIIII!IIItIIItIIl rt
(t,rp4ifi" rird , ',ak. d,.jied fkat' /roral la:r:r. orjL: jfnra1,.n <f:;.sity
# = -4#l*i! <'""'''t
f ?h t , t 1 ' \ . h ' ttt/;,l b1
d
Moven)enrofsoil oislure
' ' " 1 , , , i : , , . . . ' . " / 1 ) . " t , " ' ' , " t ' 1
v ' " . , " , o t " ; " 1 " "
o . e , e r e d . . $ ] r a o L o \ e r . " o r 0 o . ' L i r _ 4 1 - L .a€tlabl.e. \ der ai dE lrremant of tbs \€c. <)
- q r l l " " , 1 . . , , " f : , r , - . , . 1 , , , " , , . i I l . ; r .i @ .{qqllqr: a -.?dlos:c foDialion, nnich contiN {ae ard trhsdjG n aonr ph:e ro !r1,.. ad /.rr.rrr.
c:n be ulili2ed r..romiallt'.
\'lereq: ao,rtr !irii j:t tlroush ur,it deax: dcei.i alcrq tr lileollov.
t l L . - ' ^ o e . d o r ' . . IF . b . t 1 e + l l t t \ ' t u "
() ?onri.r: ratn.rltepoE \olume ro rie cal \.t!.ie olhe fdmalior
l.": condutrnjn ( iidease \irlr increese olhoinue.onk n dnd d..rea.rjih ded.ae oftjdie
p 49!{!!9, is " rcmdion n hi.h con'iins sar. b
c.mo. r6nnr ir rapidty enoueh ro fu.ri!\a signincdi suFlt Io a rtrll or a sp.ing.
I n l l i i ' i o r : . 0 \ . . - n o . a , e ' r \ l d l q ' " . t , , i , . o o l
l...o h.iotr: :r01effir of\ald rhrugh rd
- . i l , " t ' l ' l "
t . " , t ' l r J r , ' . , / ' .nom,al ro rh. C:,e .:. '.i i i.\
. , - ! , " . " { P . , . !
vr ' r ' t ' ' v ' ' q {c
o n s , . 3 r , o ! . . . P o o I " . ,
S{otdary roro.iq: pdrosiNd!e to fi.torts ard !.1[i.n.fsin.].
qa h .f lr l q lr , ; ln/.v,
\, 'r ', lt cfln,l b1 so t'4il!
t truy ,
o ' ,1 b,. /u l ,
nrr"rurr*rnl n"t lht/
a\ebge porcsiry. spccifi c
l5
!Dd penne!bil;L\' oi !arious ll
!!!!1-_ !!_
t "+1 .^ t1 < ? .$n .a \ i t : t .( . - r ) " . iq J '< r (D,
IIIIIIIIt
!!L_
4
3
i!
I i a \ . a r i r . 1 g t c u n d \ - t e r '
5 i.- -<\ipe olrle L)dFlli. :*de l:r:(i:.oetlcie (d'J:r )
f r e d r ( h r - e o k q i L . I L i _ i c J L
Thc rlfectnc :.ea - r:.s - seiit.rtrr
r<r=krn,/p =Cd'n/ F
!-=(h€rikin!. o rdbi L.c-?a{D:
09gt '10_c i '
\ , 0 a r . , l M " r b r I' I" i l r ^ . r .
, . f r / r l . ; ' / . . 1
\ ' , ,l : : . . . . . . . . . . ' . : )
O ,. ' '" K, '. .rmi. e"!(-,J.+k r=k ,P= c . f f ce " I
.{ ? e, n e 1L:1;+J \^ /)iq
t=Kr.,,s =... hi:sk "= ; .e t l r red i l p . i . : bL . I d f ; ! 1 , ! condu(n iq '
crJ
IItI
II
. i l - - . 0 1 . ' d " ^ ) ' $ o i . r r t e d e ' i o o r - % l r
\Y - r. st..i;. r.ighl.lri:e:l:il
u = .bso t r i c r i sc ! s i * o f rhe i l u j di=f;d".r Gh.lE ;tkins !*osilY 1nd othrr draeclcristics olihc aldjunt
d=.\erxg. pore !iz! oa15. a!di20
)\i:t-'),
(6-5)
'ir) s . ..iulio1!tr) a {oilcs;q - k r I
III'q=' l -B-s . - , . . - - . . ( 6 - 6 )
2ttIII
I-t
I
), )
IIIItIIIIIIIIIIIII
lc
q= k' as
f=2I I .h , s=dUdr'? q=r I IKsrh 'dh, /d i
{ q J i dr '= r I ke { 'h dh
C q l n . . L - 2 I l \ , h - l 2 L d
{ q In r r i r r =J l k . ( r r . r hr1 - ' Or
",*ftirt "*..,.,,*,-*. r-j' "v'"':,"f (- s"l" /''t'/). d b " ' l : "
, l ' " t , : , : . , ' . ^ i ' ; ' " . , ' ; . ' ' ; '
l" ' u';Lt,'",,,,;t i t, .T"t, l ),t7,i1,1,, 1,,,1"t""" t, "l l tI e4rtt/ t1 1/'t ' :r '
' 1 " ' , j , r - .
t " r \ ' / r - ; , , , 1 "r . . . . . . , : " . i l r , , / " t . , . i 1 , , t . " . - , a j t , ( h . t , . ,1\\j -- tihai,t. t, G t, tL/.1, , 4s, cl.,-y" tt rLt {)Le elet.i,(
'
, . . . . . {6 7)
ED
IIIIIII4 ,r=k,?IIrbdr ' /d.
\ rh+! . .nvy+Q\1.-- \1) . /
q, oi 'u". =tno u, i -ot or lq In r0/(=r l lbkeG0-b")
q , '..-i;ta b i;ih, r,,tlr"'iil= zn r o.-:,"1r I" r'qr.rrn{ ' "
z r=qr , ( ,0 ( ) / t l l ( t jo h" l (6 8)
I u1r - 'XI
| :)ryt "f /he Yh1-t ' '| ' . ,vL.a i t .11,e't r !1:
I u1l, ' . -L 4'-r ' ) ' t ' rz r L k p l r , - t o ) / $ t . ,
| , t 1 , 1 . . / ' t ' " ' 0
_tII
,1 r: l . "), r . / | t . , I| . t t 1 1 t 4 1 t 1 d L t . t ' I t 1 t t I v
D \ 1 , :a h "A . . t
l n l c t t 4
4 . .
,1, ,1,
!: \".
\ A t " ( , , ' 1 4 - ; / ' ' - , l : . ; ' ' ' '
,r .-=) tt - - rrr),'t'rO,l t,t,,-,,"t 1r,,,, l tt, ot,1, /,.,, / i ,rf "1,,r.a.:.
ti,n lh, ' v./, t i 11 / lt' 0a,,1 c I
( ) : t /
znb z7 (h . - l ) / p : 3 - . ., , n , , , i ; , , ,1 | t " , ' " ' , t t ' ' , . , ,
! , . ^ t " P . l D ' t t . , h t ' . a : t . , o , t+ | , i v " - , o t ' t " ' - / ' ' t
IIIIIII
IIIIIItIt
III
I
q, Ln'rrr -r.\/ t4L)
F . i ' . n h l 6 l l lC
L i ; : t ' . t e r , i r ' 0 . i d " . ! , / A c a r r o - r ' . i - o !
E € 1 " - o . l J i n 2 { P; eJ " ̂ et t t .
a hle ol20 !s, the d;l\Ldosn i'r ie$elhlir)&4jnnon1bepuinFirgrreila.roLddlob'1.2 & t.8 n, respectirely. Ddeftiie the lEDtnissibilityofihca'luifer' \rlrat iitb! dnrdorm ir
sdo* ' r z - - z ' a ) h | . 3o - 2 '= 2 a , 9 4
. . 6 . zn r (h r t . ) / ' " + ,
r r r= l l ] 1 .3=13 l i1 & h=:0 : := : ' )
;/-t{-,J
lTls=2 f, 1_1:3.1.:7 !li.(,li/:!)
t ' --li[.m;t p.n:ercs -:0 n L ;los 1Lr lfiic r:ler -ebl.. Aftcr a lo'g lerioC oi ] Ji):::-q :1 a
r : r :c f lo l ,n ;c* , f d . i -sar ! i . r ! .115n l ja rd15n ionrhe ldpedr ' l l i r r ; I 7ard0 !
L r.s!€cri\.I]. Ddr.ftjri rte n:rsiri!::::lit ofrt:.quit r. \\lEt is inc !ra\Co\i il r:]:
. | . . z t 1 ^
t .J. . . l t = "- ' ' '
= 4 r ' z h " " 5 " / 7 - 7 t 3Q = 10 Ys * 86.a =2592 n, cay
e=nKOi bi/r , 'Gr,,r92=nK({9.1 ' $11/h(4 j / r i )
=10.7'50 =j0tmrtdayTne &ardo\n h !l; Fnp:di.ll.a1L. ddemited b)' appb i'e i:re ?bo\: cquano'1'
it.6ce ofih. nell (r,,):nd r,
,levr)
q = 2"1,,, "2a.a - rzzz^/t' . , r , s - , 1 t t - t z t , - a t ) / h ( f )
T. ' .8, ' /J 4-" ' ' ,7
. ,r t ( t ,-r)/" L- , , , . ,-
' . t 7 2 r = z l f t t l ( 2 3 t ' ' a ) / ' 6 * -
;-:";'ei-L:)/'^z.-)". = trt$+i . i -r+tt)
+ . E:;'.i J!". ""'''3 ^- / !'"'^ i';;y'=';,,':Y"t[:rtr,bt'"J)"^- - ' '-73:'r4 -2 9
-\41,_#
PRoBLEITS ii i * . , ; .u . " . i . ; , ' . ; , . " - , ry " . j - ' r 's { - i " , ; ; " ' ;
IIIIIIIJ
II-!,lttIIII-tII,l
tI
\rJ e!\ L" sses
J.Lr;/1j p.nl;^1 -1 "ral". l--tt '"<1.1.'t ' / J,^rk-" '.r ' ,yat /o ,L ,"y. i l t).- /.,,,.L",t, , ' ,, ol 4,c rt-L he 2tve-,ttol 1../k l..y"ti1t k,'" /ta!)cLLtt1.e-u.d 1/'e *J) f-tz 21us11.," )ru.t't'1",t"' c"usel b.5 f\"o {kr"..r$ dc[! scr.en o.nA oni,r\, ^ . ! / . ^ - n \ r \ \ \ \ ( L r v . , , , . { t v 4 " . L . . , o , . . 4 - 1 1 , " -
\\rr-*X\ u.\.., re.n ir \\o'rtl (\s \^le\LLo-SS . e
+
c-^L, *-ll
- \ ) ( - , , : \ \ r r \aglQ)+
\: i,r,(('.0 wc\\ \"s': -., 'c"n\i\{A (\u.,1-\-
{wre \\ -\ = ! ( Js-dJ. --\o - z 1 1 6 t ( l l - f )-- i tr7i"rfi.-r,\i,r1 iu .u,* .,1"1"i.i"" 'q,l "Ji i'rl .,r"-\\ \.ss cQ' L il j
L , . " \ ' t d J q r ; ' ! s
_ - s = ( \ \ h ) s ' 4 ! r ' - r t a " r - - , a \
thc c.^*r .,'\ . '.i,".Liu r.1s.u-'J r'* r. . 'u L "'s .llq:a\ "te\t ,Gn'L r ' / ,a,1 ".1"1 a',a1' ' , t1 ,1/, a,11.'
ru,tL'nx R-- ,/\tr?rr"t -2 [s =6nI c?;l - -r.'o" n' / -: ;G,G;I:'.-=tuCl';
;,t e /lktr<./ ds l. frolu.l .! " r.l l"ssf'Lbr C "n/ s"*- 9."rr 'l
l ! -._,_*1\coh
. . . - {'I
tj,a
rl"l.r\4b.
,{sg
'l6\eci/t" caPaci/! =B)L_ ** i+, 1 'Lp '' I
i 4e4aU -f lLttrJl-2,r u l'lt'a",t/"a4i /tnboas.-str'dll,c -t1 capz c i t g"-./l/.-ut4l,[Lts!7ur ra s un4*. e#e c h'tcnds €tL.A-i- ,slalfl?Lo,lad//:14- -:-!s-!, t^ -
u\\. .G-o=5..r. \ ,s.=J,:*"J""., ,^ " 1-l l
.r-' . seS, ,/). ay..l, = o . .= 9 ,,,- tr ,A e t . e . a t s + - d " )
E/'^tl< 6,6 = | /B + <: t]�"-':
l:.r qr:...,tt/c'tlt",td 1 1,'J" ',''.rt,,,t, /I ll",1,h 1',k-,d',)r1,,. eflioe,rcy ol r1. -tl i." 'r.tr ',!s =p"";!;- ap-.i+/ i ,.'f . .t lt/ "i /,h.1 , l l l;;,.. 10r", rr,. ::rLq '. l,tJ,,r.o.l c- ;x'o l"i
f t t ,b ,)S _ r - . . , , , t 1 , , _ + , j { v " . . , , . , . * _ p , 1
' ) * < s a ' " f ' ' f "
. . . . l . t . . 'p c o' .- r x i l1: ;r . . r i = . ' ' / r n
-,({\osri(Cc )lo *$({ \.,,;.s \\q .s
g,g - e:L1- =. \v . . \nn/"
,f /,1, ttlt -- .zz.// o . - t 7
t '-J,:'\\.-
/ L ] \ : .
" " t ' . I i J , . . n / J
,i,, ::[::s; :,1;;-.,: -es-q jrr1ifl i,5" , i1 1 / i . t r .1 . t r ,4 l ,.na nt, '1 ,n.c,\ : lq ' t1 14y't t'nt l.,t/ <tr-1",.n*r .1h,t .
, ' i ' t t {a l t Mi t b l l fL - . - "C - ,-- ,:- uh u Lt;:\; =1,r]7X,;q '-4t--
r - . " c t<1 , . , , h t
III
IIIII
"'t1,, ' 1
i I -u
J,
L;
lE=;'iE- i:ar.ran .ba:der lnns of srlq rlov:{:rln.ri;nr ard 2ii,u2l\.hiles ar?rhbl! for siomg. ald use.
Ch!f .cleristis of tl:e ht drog12irir. " L 0 . . D . o J . , l o
Lo r .h . i e d i . : - ^ 1 . r sJJ no ,eL l ;n Lo l )
;,J,\
,,L?|
'Ltr
| .c rerhrd ao, r ( lu f lhce ' !no iE:$r i r r [ i l i a ]e l s . r : r t : 5 , . ud sdace
Irter-florr Gubsurla ce nortu no\v)r\\rder \ni., Day rlq?. h:eraily rlmush 1te qtper soil Jaltsuiilii c cd
sl.\d ib:r CrcsufarerDoti:
IIIIIIIIII
:r- Cround*ate. fl.F (base floF or dry-1r_-ftiher nolv):-. coiinbunon ro f e 5r.2r d\i.L 's c{)e) elltu4l tl.tan
E . o , . " n i . D . e . d e r o l l o ; d i \ i d e d i n r o . . o p v . l i .G)nomr Do$(dnar nnof) { suria€ fuof a1d sllni d
lor on.f$e nrler{o\i
, a t^,, t' r,^ t, t. r,n-t *-r _, 1"' t'"'
I
tl
I'arj..
1;J
)
Fig.(7. l) A I !ic:L 111..!ogr'1!ll
Tle funclian shich Cesfjbes fie recesion.!ri (.irdir;ic!.t)
q, =to$. onetine u!r-i lai.rk.=rec!.sion constatrl{hich is tc$ rhrn ur:fJFdr do.e general forD, ihis equation.an beR.ifte!2s:
{7-2) { , " - +r . j ' '1 -7+j ' "
III
( . \L. . /
1;-1T,,: "^::vi, )2:"; "11 e . F d i s p " € i \,, r " II r .depo ' ; ton iner imeun i tss .k . tgd . i t i susuany:Jhot rs i , , .1 " / < : - l$ \< r dL ' , , ' t "'
i t : , \d. J. J- ; " ' i ; s ; . l i : t ,r : . i :r , . ' I " , \ ' ; i a 2a, 9 " : . .+, ' , 7.; , i "
F,=-q ' i r i . l : q /d . . {7 -3 I
I
I
, 1.. d- " i/t
I'f Ttjn-;i;-ll+rz:i:t ) | _trt l
1+-iJ l:l;,', .',1t l l)l \::!'/ L7,".- '
, t ,
ar-
/ , @ t t . i ' ( d q l r ' 1
' th eai. , t t , "at at
,, f.//7 4'.1 -h./ |r') *'t4y,Y
r;;r ' r i f ( " i
c,-i,,1) ̂\*411 1 - '
. ' " ." tq\ l t .I l__
f;all
) ,
/tt "l tun/"/"y A ,etln/tft. u,.,t/)r"-/ "t",l"r */,lle u,,lnt ,i./)rt "/1q t.,)
a u t , h l \ f i t i - , ! . r t ' , r" 1 ) . | ) 1 . '
Lt , ; -11.Y i : l - .1n 1 ! - - ' - , rJ r l r t t 1 5 1 X 1 ' '
Vo" . h21 6- ! ! - * ,
/ / J 3 r , e ' t (
, ' u - h ' ' - l t , 4 t - l / 3 / t' ' ' h ' L /V . z : i l 2 ry. , t * . h - H ; r + . 2 - t " \' 4 ' l a , 7 l t k 1 : Q - , 2 1 1 ' .
/ l ) ' h , ' . , t " , y ; ' - r - te . 1 ' . . 4 , ' 1 i , , , ' , , 1 ), " " h , ' - ; 3 , - : , , . , : z + ). l, '-liGit .:tt' i
l x A , - i rc , , /q r i ' l q4 / r , , r . /u ' h " t ' , e l t "1 i , , tnP, l l v " l , ' ' , ,
5*.hr- !1 . )+. / - t ' . , \+7 i l l 'o ,n to"r ,<c L, ' " ! ) / .87 4y".ky e7o,/,r "l t","18-,-'kk a ,/t1 ",vk tr"-tt," af,/ler./121
o t 1 zt', I t/.& t t z/s * 1""/ -, / h 11 er' n te' /t e q.4' / /., a 3 "" (..Ivbd;
rt /lp 11/r*r/i. r"v/",/tt,\ ,S yer'te"f, /, l1 . lt<,/"':1 -4 lt"o/o,l,r i )/q"t,'i ,/ert, )j -- ' s1nt,l 2
<4 ( Y t / ' " L' /K. / ' ta / 'a / -L t ' - - 7 3 2 , t 5 2 - E a . l ' '
. . u r +Vy . '1 , / ! " r -=g" fo 2 . _ /7 , . ' . : V7 b<" , . ,a ,a /. 7 :*4, tn" .4142 (.t fi--t"" "/,V/.-*l <t *n< r,/u,zQ
b r.,c"r [;,,,,1' ,/o,h , *;/lt / ',h.r1, a pV,"]/nx"t*,1r,7h" V*l,r i ';ac",t/.,t *;/ /r ,l"t'",4K. ^"1"y "o/ so/,'otr/ y'\,.kn." --vt,t.[ : / ;n , le l , le 4 r , ,1u , , " l / ' t . * " t r 1 . , " ] / te a t ;q i t , lp "?" .7e l r , . ru r f r ,< h i? !h t i ' .Edn \ p , , * .b , t i j - , t , /2 , , , r,f,. 'I-- F" ly -: 2 x rj". t" k'//ay
/ ' : ) l t T ( \ " - tO/ l t r t " , t r * ) ==) b oB N/ ta t2 , - - ) ) t 25"t .
t 5 . 1 . ) x 1 t , t t 1 1 " ( 4 "' ' ??l -\ t7,a - 11'/ h*
. : \ v . 4 7 q 7 $
S'*)/lr(0""/@
B",,tl 'ta tltu,l, ', / . : - " l - , o t . . t r r t t , . . u . . ' . a L / p f t .
h"aoTereou "7.,/o .{ 1r*l ei 'y/ s",/r ." / , / t" /"/ai{r, kt, /1
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B:PE.ipkarioi skrioi X \as inogcF.ive lor pan of a nonth during *hich a $.moc.urrcn The Fspetilc $orm loEls ar rhse sutuuiding sbrioDs. A, B. dd C*er 60. i0. and 30 nD The iomal an.u.l Fr4iIirari.n anolntsar sEtjons X,A. B a.d C arerespecrively700,500,900,350 nm. Enimarerbc sbmp.alpildioi for sstion X.trss $e eqm,ion Px = l/3 [ (NI/NJ PA + o\x,alB) Pr + O'r,^'d Pc]
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n la & b e pdrneterderriird bt oxpcrinrnc.
h alem lsed io delcriie rii \rdrologic2l.diliri0n rr3n\eeinre z:rioLiofprccjpilatjon o\tr rl:.,;: r"le6hed ad inr res!lri::-i d:rn4e oiriis ,f-r rlioDgl $rtr .f.rnieh .r eralohns$6doi?
lnitial moistpre c.ndilior\Tle qEd1l ol runoai linj ha sron dliriCs o::
L) I,loisiurc condnicN oi ih r?i.lDenrs.2) Slom cndadenlis: .-.:.r. irtenlnt bdd[: .).
Scil poistureshorld l.c::!e lorainaricnn \ii) li:!. dliirq,ai,.ls ori.r.c;,rn,i.a. fte. . ' l i . . . . 0 i . , j - L -
iom a pdiculd basin !.irr spe.iiisd n:erolo3icd c.rdiiicn! i! :ou-cbly Frcponi.nal r. _de
anonat in siora,le i.e. nr !.il.noniu3 snould Cecr:rd !.aairhit:ij! \irllnre dui:g lan.ds
k i Ece$ionlrior= (0.85 - i.98)Ir'de inilialvzilue cf a,t.ed.Dt prc.ipitarion Index.' r ' - - d " - d . e l . e r o " . e . . ' u . h e L ) C e y f o t
J 0 f " o r o r - d , 1 , + - r o d i r , . - 0 0 - 6 . d . : . . C \ .
Precipitaiions Ruroif reladonsAmual p.ecipnaidn \s. Anul tuoff oiicn sho\$ soodc.r.laiior,Iig (8 i), ejpeci,llt
for dcN wbeE pEcipnatic. IzU! jn de sjntd donris.
" R=!<?
IIIIrlrlrlIrlil: l, . _
at:,P
^ - - - - - a - '- , "2 :
(s.1
(3 3l
c.c. =: {Pf?) (&-R) /M.'t' (v"'1' .' . "tt (P -P)' (R.R)'t '
lce 5 w eali
' ' . , . ' . . . , . . , - , . , . - (3 .9 ]. . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3 .10)
- - - J.-;L '
- - , -L ' ' : j t- " t=t:'
, - - i ) I3, "-n-z ".t.t
ntetue)' . .^ - - -oeP(c.3:)n 5t2.4<-su.fa.e rc+e^+:5a -
AaIe ceAetl (JiJ tb e
IIIIIIIIIItIIIIIIIIt ,I
Fs- rlsd.-.tt: ishd&.LF ibdn.dpfr.
J t ' t I
.f-1\-i ,
- i-
' ').....� t ': 'a***" '
5aal
II!I
" ltI
be usc{j for !.Fdi.tion ofqnsready
r . \ /a\e nro! .ucnr
r r ream l |ow rouhno:
^ }{o.n oclr.n,l risin q \rfe: s a\inrpteior ssread) Lhtu ijrci::::: dnifornty dd
1. { ' l , , "sk+
wale in a unif.n .honet: iniriarrr LbebsoDcsudinljf .\, eft be hieh;nie.
4,
IIIIIIIIIIII
t
F E 6 '
*tt 1,
uir,erereroc'ry & v_ Odginar floy vetocirvA= cros{ecriorat area ofihecna*et
Froto Eq (9 l) the \rave retocji,
u= (ArvrA!!j)/ (Al^)=(qfqr/ (AA,
rh e reach in r 'r.it ofthe
(e-2)
F't
?BII
Ilz
. "9:r,-r. ,i"t.
. f rhe rare- i (A. q l
A - l(AL, ̂n Il_ ",:__ ,t,lv"-'A-, t;/l"l :,',/ IU) ,/t // l
:[-+-]-4"'-':I ...-/t i
.7s . Vr !
oL4e:I+ _i-s o i l l :e :ac: .c aA:nd 0B €qn2l t tc
' '=71Az= ! '
I
II
I
II
I
I
I
II
d . u a v l , . O j " l S , a e \ j o L d d O . d d s - . d o b " d ( - r - J J ' :
:-:2,- : L =t : t t ) j r
, { / } - - - -
substituling.!q (9 5) into Eq.(9_.i), ireresulr NL3l1
- B
tB,
ld
Eq.(9-3) is knoMi,r $ide open dra'del )-
:
(9-{) B 9
q:Av:!I}=BY:? SIq
S= mergy slole: $ a1e! s!rf3c. slcpe'
dqi dr:l3i rr€::!j =F/tY
\ o aslat
dift leri j:rirg Eq.(9-i)
' . ' f l h:'v'/ *"" ";;l: '. '(?;ii7 T1:*
r s O
ro s)
(9-e)or tz l,^s=srs,:1,rdt -,odl
I=inflowraie. O= ourflownte, S=sioragc lrEle
For roxting calc! larion a'e.ag. llows mav be used
((I1+r:)i2) (r0 - (o,+o)/2xdt)= (sfsi) . . . ; . : ' . . . . (91 ! )
II
III
tI
II
fow is nr tdrd to o |np lne a io tu l ron +r. f f i " d ' -; " " : ; ; ; : " i :
' : " . : . i , " ; " . i , ; ; i , ' . , ' . o i " . . . o t " R .
s i ' d o b c ' " FDcterminai iod olstorase..Tllc raler sulace s nslalJ
->r- in q ? . - -
R.{+i"5- -. -- t- itJrnedinrl _- -cP :r2blFse<r"r La)"v,i i;t _:;t\
.104
4F i J b - t )
I
(e-11)
of(2s/i-o)
Se
I
I
, or+L:l'(ls,tt,)=1rsy'r+ojl a
,:'Jff ,:'i:::"H'l?':fl fi ##-Jtu:trThc ioresllndinglahe ofO: el be ieraminedco6putalicr is then releaied for sL..eedng
f?blets/! o
5.6 :fji;1,.,c't.7
l.-1
2Slt+O
I* l
III
Midniqht
14,9
l6 . r
23,537,236,9
J.f,10 .510.36.6
' : .1
D s.h:r9. means olrfon disch:rge
I.2
\\hen {e hare galed cuilets, -,irtn t,l. (9- 10) is nDdined1o:
(r,+I1y, r' (o'+ot/?) roil=sfs, . -...... ..(9_lt)
O.Tconftlled olrflov6R=.esukted ou1flow
IfO G zero. !q. (9-lt)b:cod{:
' )
rl
IIItI
I
I).,.1
tu-dR+s,=sj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 9 r 3 )
On-(2s,/r O,)=(2Stt o, l 9 - 1 1 ) ,0'+I:)-2
E! (9-1.1) ro thar a Eq. i9- r l ) l ,o \ . { 01: l icu ld be
so)
4+a!l;1\9au rve\.:'
t
7
1 7 . ( 9 - +
T/n4'+ . - 3
+ 9 1
r 3 t 6
---:>- 33L
-- , 213
--, I Z,
----> t8
3 /6
3 ft'1a,t /., "
I ,
t 9
- 8. r-
+/ar+fntt
5/N
s/tp
5/,r/t
6 fra-
I L
- 8 9
78 _
t/t,
t/nat3 7
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F )t f
- : !. , : :
I
I'+fit=tF,E.
IIII
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i
r
-. .,-"-,--.--:: j--:,x-ji::: j:":J;rl'i5,'; * - "-
e
: r
: : : !
ffi=,*i#liiiiiiiri:ii;:i:;i
i l . . : : . : ' ' : '.J; r- i . , : ! . : ;
;:';t::i:i,r : i i : : ! : i i i
#$#*,,*l . i i i i i : i::;:iii;i. : i i : 5 ; ; :
; ; : : ! : ; : i: . i : i i i i rr ! l r ' i ; i ; i
z"t
\ i
a :' ; j .
: :
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I
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I
II
t
II
I
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tI
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\raen jiflo$ erceeds oudloN ls is Posilive andr;se rersa' T:1' srorage atinvrnle
iliiJl*' "i'i. G'r.."0 "eg'riie sbage in*nrrts suDs'quer!ro the serected
z.ro!oin.
fffi,.'" .i - r r,.ce j',,r:i..h
J
-;t
iilrt' jl -'::]'lil)-- '.' ?
l
ac =u=- oJ t
!R'5
€ , ,
P, .
Fit.(s ^4)
4A
IIIIIII
o"4/1,*o
,:/,
I
ii- .s',la
s
K.) 6 'o r ) t, / 4 " ,e
5 " 7 t e r r < " ' t ' s
, " %
t1t llfi
H L" t
o^te. 54/ ?e. . 4 t? v lb-
EXNIPAz AtlZldiv^:F r* )e|t:"'"t
*, 11- .2)/1t /e.f ot > .e ' - A
a . J z - . . e ^ r 1 " . . o : J r L I' ) 4etJoalaz, 4;retar ' tc ret).1..^
el,2ri . 'a^: .? = cJ' D lz.: i
c."{?c:e"1, D i ' +Le e^+' '^La
olc,i, t a,.J H it +ue 'Lt: 'J 'b e \ , , u t e c a : e r a ^ ) , ' " r ' 4
r ! - - l . t ^ ^4d D= 2 .
!-4!L:-L0) -rl2 autllau it
= Q.d@A,|l;i;'tfr-
a..a .+ /D bezf , .s
" )!e.+ . | 1 (^ t^elxll]'
- u i l e + . + . a t f / " e . T h e
tve. t i ' 1 ; r 'e^ L) fAe
' j \ +re Jt . ' l ' ) r '9e
I
, . t ; J l t , > t ' * r e r n : : 5 r r . i - f
- r l " z i l I ' a \ 1 1 ) " l r a ? l ' ; \ 1 1 " "
t ) + . i + 2 . . ' e . ' . : / " ' + 1 1 ' a ? ) t ) ' - J -
" r, F,") att - d'! L.vztT^X:!lj944 a
xire^ 19 o = ctwo rl4T--- tc.ssJi- -- 26.6 Ju- -
i t .:-I
t"
tIIIIIItIIIIIIIIIIIIt
t121. ) : ' . \ ) / jz . -++tPo - s t , ' / '
I
z t 3 8 6 e
z l a 3 . 7
e) ee"c.r+e the | "rt ' "1; " ie a
?3
s
a \
rl
3
6a
ItII
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IIl=-
=
l=
i..-: i '" 1.-{it".]]l- .i'n;j",r"
I
i.,;i;Jt
= t " t - : - J 6 ' -
' ' 1 . - : t : 2 - :
j : ' ? n j : : : - : ;
=r--i==
.-::14-i .:
-=taX 6--- : . .1872. : .":': z {2r.=...,.- t94.
zZtE- : -3t9=
.. -,t/E-.-. :', e3 t
-:..j.at
:i :- : i;;i.
tII
E x^a? t . 9 . . - ) l ) J .o l .3Y
I
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1 . ,l r
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t
III
tt
. r lt "
II
1
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l--.-.!:
e
--h-v,"ki\-r-r"lh"d it . conDmnlt !*d nldFlosic touling
rdiable dnch's: nlnge relationdrip. n)is relhod Doneh de slarase" t
II
I
I
n\e.chrDel by a coDbiDationof lcdge odpnenn.Eq. (Fi. 9 t).
_ . . - : - ; ; i i : : : : ; i L ; . . f ' o , . '
It
II
I
IIt
IIt
Iis (9 :l Prlsn od red-qe $orae
D[jn! dre adrde ola nood Nare. inJlor e!..:ds o:tlo\ !i.:jtir-l. . . " . i e . . - . a . o . . - . e e o s i r . . o r . . f . . ! "' . n , b - a d b ) a \ o o e I
. - r r o i f , : r . .
i A . . a : r
):-r:, r,::-r':,r ,
(, jr!'r},)
: - ; " . . - - : - - \ jx i - ;F ; { - : ; ;aN: ;0r ro^ , , . . ' : .c '
h t r , i ns l l r e .n ! c 0SX50 .5--friiiiliF!? ii:IiEEEr rc \n of, r o 'ompor- s
s= kQ- Lx(r.o) (9,ri)
riich cdbe Earangedlo gi\€ dre ndEge funcliorforlJLllingun rruoJ:
s = k tx I + (1-x) Ql , . - . . . - . . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . - . (9.16)
and reFre$n1s a lirzr dodel fo! touring norv it 5tdsTLe r aluc ol x d.Feids on rbe sb:pe ol iie Dodclec Fede' sora:-:' :le ral:: 'fx Er::s
-o - , o t o . ' " . , . " ; . 16nqs lo .aee to { j i f o ra fu l l \ ! dse Nhenx=0 r l e t i s DD i?dsa a rd
\ .1ce i :ob2 .kn . l e r .dsL lhec^e io iahe l -poo l r . s . r l o i r I r l l t +=Eq i9 l s ) : s ! r i a
line.r reseFoir rddcl, S= k Q. In natuEl 51€ans. X \l.Ntei0nic:3 \inha!F) r4i!c
. . ' o ' r ' . , . \ , . a l r \ " 4 # , " r ̂ " " - ' , , i : i : : : i : r . . : - iI
I
EEe of no$. Il_. \alues of n.rages arln c j sd jj+l .r- b: \rillcn. i.p:dntly. 6:
. r - k [ \ 1 r ] t - \ r Q . l
= i . L_. r , r r - I ) Qi , j . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t ls)
r . : i ' : : e c \ : r l i i n c j , ! e ^ 3 1 l 1 : : :
I.aI
$
IIItIttIIIIIIIIIIIIII
fl. f:d
' tPtur.A.5 are avt; t tbl< +,,1+- A. le.*:^.) :"^ - l K
f, l / ,v: ! ,43 a s;6at la6e-! ! J{t€l- in l+i ." -F t<aiJ X ir
su..ets;v. v2taes -F I t \ . nu^etal" (ecpr<*"h {J 5+" 'ar '
n. te-e, l ) a"J l |e Jenai; 'a+" ( tePtate^l :n aei l [ t ' ! -Ftaa t4d'^<' t)
a, e c, - r,.1 k J ft . a. ? G " ) ", i.,,..:,* --r" r'." :;' ".:-t, : :": ; ;.;: "1" :':
-
2t tuntdJ v .P)" ' ) P) / 'ne l t lL v) t4" ' r
t l " "" '^ ' ' ' t 'S nad'Q1- ' '^) )" ' - :"+- ' * ' 'A Ptatka/ u!42t4
f/.Ja.;,t c.t '. ' ,, n. F,.^ "t L"t' Th' ", '*':t - 'L".', -", '-r,' , , "
, " , i ' U " t t ' a I 2 e P ' t " e ' l + ' a 5 ; 4 e L n e t t ' ' c e t ' t e a a t
",,""',,,,., "', ", *.", ", {: ; : : ' r,: !,!;. ' :: ' ; F =' :: ' : ' ' : :: "-' : :,
d " ' ^ t h . v ' t a ' a L r r F -
V , Z i R i . " , . ! _ . ) , " . . . . . _ , . .
4 F - l l " - ! ' u t : . t e l t ) | 6 4 ( 5 2 s ) .
1 1 "
t '
7'
*- i- t-
rI
n :
Ji,-!' -r.' I
F,f s+ ".+J e
vD
To:LA.PSubiect :4n Orer For Rehabi l i ra t ioh Of fhe Cened106 Si re
t
IIII
I
I
IttI
I
I
II
A. Renovingall tb€ frees ind!dingtbepaln treesB. Clern ing,nd ler r t ing rhe " ho le s i leC. Laying (20-25)cm subbaseNith teveling and conpa.tionT[ecostforthi.item 552002.!j!e a{&e!!!!tA.Removingall plants and cleaningin€ !rcaB.Filling the low areas i.duding tho chaDnels sith srbbaseC.Removingall the pipcs and rhe h'o rad'aioN and Ph.e thehin the build'ng ofihe old g€ner.tor .The costlorthis item $920
3l!g-e3l3Ie!-$&A. Fillirgall the cotrcreG chantrehand Io{ areasw'th subbaseB. Btrilding2m high 60m loDgsall on theexisting sl.brvith t{oopenings in the front l,5n $ idcTbislrallwill be phsaered with nortlrcemento. both sidesTbecosi for this it€n 542004. !!$!.9udq-s!!e scsiq
(P:irt onc)Tbe following items should be m2del. The main rard
The costforthis item 52805. g]c4!iqe!.e-qs-b.!iEDc!Cleaning the hYo buildings {rcmThecostfor this ileh St60Tbesum ofthe abore itens is
A. h€moling rll the nud fron the sho derB, Placi.g 20cm strbb.sc for an !r@ oI3n by30m I
I
I
III
s10760s1614
thcrehabilitation 51237.1meet yourrequiremerts for ih€ gen€rator site Ior
IItItIIttIIIIItI!IItI
Th. dtrgc D noElc !r' r so b.e\prciad Ltng Eq (v ruJ
Sj , , -sr=, !1( I j+r j r l , - At (Qi+Qj . l |7 . . . . . . . - . . . - 191c)
comttutug (9.19):nd (9 20) and sinlpljiirs gnes:
^ ^ p : :a , - . , r j , + ( : r , c , t . -
. rll.h ! rl,e niuri'g.qLerion for Lhe V!s\i ):d ltrhcJ {heEl
. . - . . . . . - - . ( 9 1 2 )
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- .(e.r.)
c ' + c : + c r = 1
ii.:s;t1ed irdoNand ouitov hldr.lnr:r.t a\:iiable ioi a rn'rr+ch r!\::!'clk' " e ' - o . . \ r d . . d ! 2 r e t l t i ^ A ' a r c '
r:= 0.5 !t uj-1+ I,l (q' +o)l/x (Ij , ' Ij) +G_ r) (q-1+ Qil " : (e i')
'-ffi"The i.llo$ hrdroqr:Dh toail.r t6c[ jsgilhin.o]D's 1rdl'fT:ble(9.1) Ddemi;e 1h; o;indv htcrosraph lroD lhis Fa'h ilk = 21 h r'' _. 0 15')d 11 = t h. fte i.,iii!i onrnoN is Sr n A
2(
: = l r r r \ l c r i l ) / F l l 1 l - 0 1 5 t ! 2 0 r r ' q l = 0 : q l ],(r
alrr.rli::rit.Irf.:LIcal|ecc.ll.i.nisC,. cr ard cr is 'qnal io I
c, 'c : + cr =0.05:11+0. l l l i+0 i92t :100c0F..ir..r:1rir,. iitnr.:h. olriov is d.1e-ii..d uiin3 r3ltr:s aor li anl l)' " o a 8 : d o d ' - r \ ' I
q \Q, i=C i I i , i + C r l + C : I
=c 06j l0 l7) : 0 . r r11(9r)+ 0 j9 l t (s j )
r c;= t \ -2 krt / P k 0-x) +f l
c : = t \ + 2 k i J / l l k ( r x ) + I l
q = r r o - \ ) - 1 r J / t 2 k o x l + : : l
- 34q2 l t t l ) + te21
- < 2 ' 4 : t 1 4 L '' t t 4 d ' 4
(2 . )0 0 .15)(2 l ) ( l - r ] . l j ) rE.r(0 rj)
. i ) (0 .1 i )2
q2\,
E{o3l / p)
aq t = ( . . 6 3 t ( z ' 8 ) +
K e A a a ' ) t( e , W e J j e - - - ) t 2
( ( , s d , - - ) r . -
$ A e l - - - - 2 ; ; !
la.a-e+& -<'r)'/"14
i-
I
i h $ " s . r . r r k i i c " . i - b " r r r i a r N s i c d d b r ' 3 t r : t r t
I
I
rsrE9.Z I
I
f,I
II
2 )
t55
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t '
1 l
!5 d
{r
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIt
i\.d in si.ia ;Li d[n.s li.n,ar-Edu( drr;se d6ed by lood.
Phvsical ChaIacteristics of Reserr'oirs :i sio-"c-_+*i,r_, Ir is daemitd fr. trosrPnicDtr! Fird an ̂rea'Elel 'ri'r crl e
F igue (10 , i )be ld f .T lF i xeg ra lo f E f rea !1 . ! s1 i ! ! . L re i j r c ' 1e1a i j 'D : i I age
; ) , 2 ' NorBa l too t leYe l : @duins a;jndv oDeErinq condnions. rtk h "su4&grsl!r.!=Er4l!!-9ID! !
(n !' 2)
r;;{'i';,: riri;.'4";;;'";a'rhich rhe rool h lob. 'irnG rirdai
9 o J t 5 - D . r d , o t u e ! : | . - ' e \ a r . L . o h j o v n r u p r r ' -
|
6-.:Su.h3rle slof.E.: 1.|is is rlc hconrill:d nolaqe i....:i tr.r i: ftrained for laleruse.'\i)-'
: ) t a )e - - v " k , ro r "e , : T l . t r s . .1 re r ina- r tu - l -h . . r . ' . ' .
ItIIIIIIIIIttIIIII
, x - . o , , . r . . - , n . a e . r . i . r l ' ! ' e . . . - e d
,l-fu G.J du-i: J.i ' ic:l Jfr !eriod.
iii.flal.lrjbe. TIe saa.. or lirn tjeld
- - : t f i : r :
tII
ItIIIItII
I
Evmple (10.2): \\iratEsnoirc6lJa.jry iitqujtd to- 1ne iiions slom jl i!::i (10 {) ?
6sue a yield.l7i000 ?..-lilr lbr
I
IIIIIIII
II
Solur ;o r : DD ' .d scn ts o r "s d l s ( l O ' ' sa r \d r ' ' r ' ' ' i r ' r r ebd ' I o I' e r * ' i . n 0 0 0 O A e . n c e . g - r 6 0 ' B h * d _ c ' o ' 6 0 : 0 \ " 1
' o . 0 o " a i d . - - . . . : " . . 1 . . d r o . b q r ' l : ' d o r . : " d: c \iil$utsiorgcconiCerblv in.\cess of30000 A''ft
ItIIIIIIIIIIlItI
III
j l
tI R"ffi--#iX*fi ' "' e rnon \L' dc'�n.,,r er\D'l::-1o .-lo l . "' :"1;';lIIItIIIIItItIII
II
I
;il*liif:ffi.--.lliii'iijr:*i,;ii :,,:"r:;i':,r,:: ; . , :y ; ; ; ; ; l : i ; ; ; " - . , , ' ca ' p ,ocedf ,F ' ' r " i
" ' . : : . , : ' ' t . i I : l; :,:i;i','fi: ',1;.!j,;,"
*:1, , r .,.;",i "H:::"#ff:;lii+if i;l[Srtr'l'#tri'*r;i*:*:ri::
. ; ; " . , : ;
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Frc!Rr i r , jA r.3rcn riabiilry an_-
' ' ' ' ' t o s f ' ' - r l " { ( ' \ -- : l , \
\ r " t . r r r " s " r ' 1 q "
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The coaF.r $stetded Fdicles dd :ost ofrhe H 1o2it dc Cep'siGd a a dclte al lhe
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I r rn f l cL Io .a ) : a ' .T i \on ts rGptc : ryor 6 ' l06nr ' rd 'd r i r ._ r Lo f )00r n' ii."" n" ' ^*.' i'oi. of rnol-l p- " r"d 'd'rr 'r p;odrcior i"e , i , . k d , r I l o o ; r d c o . p - l u i . r ' - . : . n " o i l - : s l l 0 7 l. o d a : i , q a r 3 \ - a r c i l l a r d r \ o 0 r ' r ' ' o ! o | r i l l I
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(10 i). od rhe sedidentonposnion dara:
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r:n!. t!. s;:ln.ri; dnirihrioi u. Lr. s.Ji,.ir !s 5 erc.:i a:rd,:r rrrr.;ti iIr.:i 5i Fcil.iiy i.':*.ihcitk.:r..rd :|r rl.. '.r 1r; ri !'!oir rof . ( ro l t r t d r f t d c i , h f J l - , d?r4 t s (L l d i . r i ! n r ! i c h r r l r r cb i l J r r i : 1 . c . r . i , i : r : i r . , i r . r :
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n " p ' d t r : ' '
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t t '1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , , . , . . . . . . . (11. tis thc Gtun penod. ftere ae m.n, L_als 1oobiain rle plctrins Fo!nion \\tibu,l P P is
P =o / r -1 o r T . -n+ l /D 0l : tNheE n is $e nu ber ofl.dsolrecod dc
=l . T. is rfie Letm pdod (or recuneN.\ithii \\ii.h a en.D e\ enl \ ill be .quatl or
t he$ctical Disn ib!iiot ofFloodsCloNbas shoD th*no$ ftquenct atictto.s
m is $c ranl oflle elcnii.ren'.al) $hich neans de
ia)= X + K 6 , . . . . ( 1 1 1 )f lood cf sp..iij.d j,r.brbili!1
: Tl,e !61;:rd d.;i.n ofli:. i:r.s: Frequer.! r'ador _ tfpr.bailij{ Ier.l olX )
Ior a sncn rlun, p:ricd Tr 1;r: r'i.q!enc! faclor ca bt drlemridJ ':, iirijiD ; 1h. Dror:.rl C!:1iibr:ri.: :i,d :i ..n t. c.lculatd b) e'lL:iir1
/d l) rlrionrhiis t;r r.q P..*on i r:llldjsrnblriorand F\t'De va::e
;i. des.rilied b.lo\r. i;i:u. (11.1) slror ! irc ir,aslntde o, nr .i'Ie !\;rr
ie\ jatiln K 6, iom lnd e P\hereK5lndtiequencvlaclor
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'bcrd de\Lio o,*. - .1:r ro->r rocx-Lo!$/{*tr " rr 's)
' . : ' � " i c - l t r L o s \ - _ \ ' / ( ' _ l ( ' _ z r 6 ' ' l , . . . . . . . (11 .6)
']ne ralua olx for dv prob'bililrl'\ el is conpllcd Fonr eqlarion(ll'l) iodi6ed:
L o : X L ; g \ r K 6 ' " . r i l t ]
, : . . . . " , " . r f k l l . . . r c i r q r - / d i r . d r ' : 1
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r1'1x 1zrrc tor Iltr rls Plrin n
i:"lrrrf,:l) i-*."- n"d. $- (r;)
(ib!jr,l l!) ftcd.b"4(?)
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Eqtation (t:..1) t rquir:k{:c.iltri:.r (ll.l) \ihItequl ronr'
,= (1/F) - r
r = (dr)/(u/r : l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . .o1.10)
p"=nC' ' /ae ' i r ( .+ ! ) . , . , . . . . . . - , , . . . . - . , . . . . . (11 .11)
01,12)
(11 .9)
(11.13)
| ;i:1il::5fi:.;3ilY.:j.",iiil15.l;ii"i'j;#"-.iiffTji;
: Tl,ird nDtnenr !b.u f,e e:n = 6t G
B:s:.1r":pjer!ar ld!dillr^.
I
IX=X1(0 .7797Y 0J5)6 !Nhere X is rhe .r.h of iha dab<nes and 6, is irs {ddad dertaljon
t r r . l9)
( l - l
1.530.i67
2. t l 0 . t l
I 2 i 0
1.902
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erablnir i,e lntl! ritnr:.ds 10 i:
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rU'nsrc ; t "o fTroFL l l l J , r : ' o r 'e n l t rud 'o ' l t I0_ ' rd l00Jed
r "oo1. . h " - r ; r -p ; - .n t ) , . . l Jd LLr be l d i nb t r :o6
Forcux6! ldvoc I -dkr r ibd ion)q 0 . 5 . - r / : 6 i - 4 0 , n t r r . l " b e r ' I I K m _ | L l d K 0 - r ' iqD= 1557+ l.l+467 = 2! 6J d'Aqr@= l5i7 +3.14i,l67=i021 nt/s
Forloq l.don T)pe IlL iion f rbl? rI I ll, ; o : ' , r r , , . 1 , . " , 0 - o r 0 i r r ' d . , o , r . b l r j { 0 I . " c
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q ! =mtilog l l1O0:2190 Drr,rsqror=a i i i l og 11789 = i010 $ s
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