Culture Premise that one nation equals one

society, not necessarily true Collective programming of a group of

people. Learned norms based on attitudes, values, and beliefs

Management implications of Behavioral Attributes of Culture

Power DistanceThe extent to which less powerful

members of a society think that power is distributed

equally Uncertainty Avoidance

The extent to which people in a society feel threatened by ambiguous situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid such situations.

Collectivism/individuality Collectivism is the tendency of people to

belong to groups and to look after each other in exchange for loyalty.

Individualism is the tendency for people to look after themselves and their immediate family.

Masculinity a society in which dominant values are

success, money and thingsFemininity a situation in which dominant

values are caring for others and the quality of life.

Long term orientation -persistence -ordering relationships by status and

observing this order -thrift -having a sense of shame Short term orientation -personal steadiness and stability -protecting your ‘face’ -respect or tradition -reciprocation of greetings, favors,

and gifts

Universalism vs. Particularism Universalism is the belief that ideas and practices can be

applied everywhere without modification. Particularism is the belief that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied.

Individualism vs. Communitarianism People referring to themselves as individuals as apposed to

seeing themselves as part of a group.

Neutral vs. Emotional In a neutral culture emotions are held in check but in emotional

cultures emotions are openly and naturally expressed. Specific/Diffuse

In a specific culture individuals have a large public space they readily share and a small private space that is guarded closely and shared with few people. In a diffuse culture both public and private space are similar and individuals guard their public space carefully.

Achievement vs. Ascription

In an achievement culture people are accorded status based on how well they perform their functions, and in ascription culture status is attributed based on who or what a person is.

Time In some cultures time is sequential and schedules are kept strictly, but in synchronous culture appointments tend to be approximate and not as important as relationships.

Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness.

Some GLOBE Dimensions Assertiveness Future Orientation Performance Orientation Humane Orientation Gender Differentiation

Group Affiliation: Acquired Vs. Ascribed

Meaning of Work; Motivation, Leadership Styles

Beliefs about Success, Locus of Control, Achievement, Ethics etc......

Managerial Implications of Above. Decision making, centralization vs. decentralization,

rewards, formal vs. informal procedures, short term vs. long term, reward systems

• First poster : A man lying in the hot desert sand totally exhausted and fainting. Second poster : The man is drinking Coca-Cola. Third poster : Our man is now totally refreshed. And then these posters were pasted all over the place.

"Terrific! That should have worked!" said the friend.

"The hell it should have!" said the salesman. "No one told me they read from right to left!"