d¯-s¡wkxyzqx‡ g{]n´ þ2004

3kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

]pkvXIw 72

e°w 4

G]n¬ 2004

ilm-ZØv 1382

k^¿ ˛ d. A-∆¬ 1425

No v FUn-‰¿

apl-ΩZv Da¿ F®v. G.

FUn-‰¿

G. Fw. apl-ΩZv kenw

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Uv

s]m^. alvaqZv AlvaZv

(sN-b¿am≥)

sI.-hn. Cuk-t°mb

sI. hn. l ≥ tImb

]n. Fw. _jo¿ AlvaZv

sF. sI. AlvaZvIpń

AUo-j-W¬ skI- dn

]ªn-t°j-≥

]n. Fw. AlvaZv l ≥

amt\-P¿

Fw.-sI. Cºn-®n-t°m-bń

k¿°p-te-j≥ amt\-P¿

Fkv. apl-ΩZv kenw

hcn-kwJy ˛ 100 I.

H‰-]Xn ˛ 10 I.

hnemkw

kXy-Zq-X≥

Pn. F®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.

t^m¨: 2721609

e-mail: [email protected]

ÿm]nXw

1925

ap°m¬ \q‰m≠v ]n∂n ae-bm-f-Ønse GI CkvemanI ]kn-≤o-I-cWw

D≈-S°w

45

6

bpK-i_vZw

apJ-°p-dn∏v

teJ\w

Dbn¿sØgpt∂ev]v :

ss[j-Wn-Ihpw Zm¿i-\n-I-hp-amb ka-ky-Iƒ

Fw. Ben-t°mb

lkvdØv AlvaZv (A):

_nójv cm-⁄nsb Ckveman-te°v £Wn® ssZh-t]-jn-X≥

auem\m A_vZp-dlvam≥ Z¿Zv (d)

CuÃ¿: InkvXp-aXw kzmwio-I-cn®

Hcp AssI-kvX-hm-tLmjw

lpssk≥ Fw. kmPnZv

]m]hpw ]cn-lm-chpw

apl-ΩZv Da¿ F®v. F.

]mIn-kvXm≥ cmjvSo-bhpw ]hm-N-Is‚ amXr-Ibpw

G. Fw. apl-ΩZv keow

kpsse-am≥ \_n (A) sI´p-I-Y-I-fpsS XS-h-d-bn¬

G. ]n. Ip™map

Znhym-flm-°sf C\n ]Xo-£n-t°-t≠?!!

A_vZp-dlvam≥, sImSn-b-Øq¿

lkvdØv auehn ti¿ Aen kmln_v (d)

Zn¬Zm¿ AlvaZv, I\U

Hcp krjvSn-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-hpw I¿Ω-\n-c-X-\mb ]Xm-[n-]cpw

sI. ]n. AlvaZv

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ,

hm¿Ø-Iƒ, A\p-kva-cWw

apJ-NnXw : Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev]v ˛ InkvXob Iem-Im-cs‚ `mh-\-bn¬

22

27

12

32

35

39

18

8

40

Printed & Published by A. P. Kunhamoo, for the Kerala Ahmadiyya Jama-at at Geethanjali Offset Press, Feroke, Calicut.Edited by A. M. Muhammed Salim. Typeset, Layout & Cover Design : Victory Creations, CLT - 1.

4 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

bp-K-i_vZw

tbiphns‚ I√d

lkvdØv ako-lns‚ (tb-ip) ImeØv I√-d-I-fn¬ inem-

tc-J-Iƒ Fgp-Xnsh-°p∂ kº-Zm-b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p..... At±-

l-Øns‚ inem-Ip-Socw (I-ivao-cn-se- I-_¿) AØcw AS-bm-

f-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Hgn-™n-cn-°p-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂Xv bp‡n-c-ln-

X-am-Wv. I_¿ Xpd-∂p-t\m-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Aº-c-∏n-°p∂

]e cl-ky-ßfpw ]pdØp hcp-∂-Xm-Wv.

(A¬ lpZm)

lkvdØv an¿km -Kpemw AlvaZv (A)

Jp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂v

\mw C_v\p-a-dnbant\bpw (tb-ip)

At±-l-Øns‚ amXm-hn-t\bpw Hcp

AS-bm-f-am-°n-bn-cn -°p-∂p. \mw

Ah¿°p c≠p-t]¿°pw \nhmk

tbmKyhpw Hgp-Ip∂ sh≈-ap-≈-Xp-

amb Hcp Db¿∂ ]tZ-iØv A`bw

\¬In.

(hn: Jp¿-B≥ 23:51)

\_n-h-N\w\ΩpsS d∫v Hcn-°epw ac-W-an-√mØ

\nXy-Po-h-\m-sW∂pw Cukm(A)°p

\miw kw`-hn-®p-sh∂pw \nßƒ°-dn-

bnt√? ..... \ΩpsS d∫v F√m hkvXp-°-

sfbpw kwc-£n-®p-sIm≠pw Bh-iy-amb

hn`-h-ßƒ \¬In-s°m≠pw ]cn-]m-en®p

\ne\n¿Øp-∂-h-\m-sW∂v \nßƒ°-dn-

bnt√?! . . . . C∏-d -™-sX-s¥-¶nepw

Cukm°v Ign-bp-am-bn-cpt∂m?... Cß-s\-

bp≈ Hcmƒ Fß-s\-bm-Wv \nßƒ

hmZn-°p-∂Xv t]mse ssZh-am-hp-I.?

apl-ΩZv \_n (k)


apJ°pdn∏v

"kXyw \nßsf kzX-¥-cm-°s´'"InkvXp-hns\ kw_-‘n-°p∂ e£-°W-°n\v ]pkvXI-ßfpw tImSn°-W-°n\v teJ-

\-ßfpw CXn-\Iw ]-kn≤oIrX-am-bn-´p-≠v. InkvXp-k-tµiw ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]N-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂ ÿm]\ßƒ temI-am-sI-bp≠v. NcnXw Xs∂ F.-Un. (Anno Domini) F∂pw

_n.-kn. (Before Christ) F∂p-ambn InkvXp-hns‚ t]cn¬ hn -Pn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p "At∂m sUman\n'

F∂ eØo≥ ]Z-ß-fpsS A¿∞w "tbip-hn\v tijw' F-∂√, "I¿Øm-hns‚ h¿j-Øn¬' F-

∂mWv F∂ hkvXpX kmµ¿`n-I-ambn ]d-b-s´. ImcWw tbip C∂pw BIm-iØv Pohn-®n-cn-

°p∂p F∂m-Wt√m InkvXob hnizm-kw! At∏mƒ ]ns∂ "tbip-hn\p tijw' F∂v ]d-bp-∂-

sX-ßs\!?

A¤p-X-I-c-sa∂v ]d-b-s´, CX hn]p-e-amb InkvXob kmlnXyw apgp-h\pw ]c-Xn-t\m-°n--

bmepw InkvXp F∂ NcnX ]pcp-js\∏‰n bmsXmcp hnh-c-W-ßfpw Cs√∂pXs∂

]d-bmw. InkvXob kmln-Xy-ß-fn¬ apgp-h≥ InkvXp-hns‚ Xncp-∏n-dhn, At±lØns‚ A¤pX

]hrØn-IfpsS hnh-c-W-ßƒ, Ipcniv ac-W-Øns‚ ]hn-X-X, ]m]-]-cn-lmc kn≤m-¥w, ssZh

]pXXz-Øns‚ al-Xzw, Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏ns‚ h¿Æ-\-Iƒ F∂o hnj-b-ß-fmWv \nd™p

\n¬°p∂Xv. tbip Bcm-bn-cp∂p? FhnsS Ft∏mƒ P\n®p? At±-l-Øns‚ ssiihw, _meyw,

buh\w XpS-ßn-bh Fßs\bm-bn-cp∂p?, At±-l-Øns‚ D]-Po-h\w F¥mbn-cp∂p? At±-l-

Øns‚ A¥yw Fß-s\? Ft∏mƒ? Fhn-sS-h®v? F∂n-ßs\ kq£vahpw Ip‰-a-‰Xpw kXy-k-

‘-hpamb Pohn-X-tcJ tbip-hn-s\-∏‰n Ct∂-h-sc-bp-≠m-bn-ń-√.

InkvXp F∂ a\p-jys‚ Poh-N-cnXw k∂n-KvZ-X-bp-sSbpw \nKq-V-X-I-fp-sSbpw ]pI-a-d-°p-≈n¬

kq£n-°pI F∂Xv InkvXp k`-bpsS Hcm-h-iy-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Ah¿ t_m[-]q¿∆w Ncn-

X-]-cn-k-c-Øp-\n∂pw tbip-hns\ AI‰n \n¿Øp-I-bmWv. Ncn-X-Øns‚bpw imkvX-Øn-s‚bpw

XojvWhpw ]cp-jhpw \nin-X-hp-amb D]-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ Xń tbip-hns‚ ssZh-]pX ]Z-hnbpw

A¤pX-h¿Æ-\-Ifpw XI¿∂p-t]m-Iptam F∂-h¿ b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ncn-X-Øns‚ \me-b-eØv t]mepw

sIm≠p-h-cmsX tbip-hns\ hnK-l-h-XvI-cn®ncn (Iconised)°p-∂-Xv AXpsIm-≠m-Wv. hnizm-kn-

Iƒ°v At±-lsØ Bcm-[n-°mt\ A\p-hm-Z-ap≈q. At±-lsØ-∏‰n At\z-jn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Im-

i-an-√. a\pjy kl-P-amb IuXp-I-tØmsS kXy-a-dn-bm≥ tbip-hns‚ NcnXw At\z-jn-®-h-

scms° InkvXp-a-X-Øn¬ hnK-l-`-RvPI-cpw A\-`n-a-X-cp-am-Wv.

Ccp´d-°p-≈n¬ kq£n-°-s∏´ InkvXp-hns‚ Ncn-X-Øn-te°v CXn-\Iw Hcp]mSv NcnX tcJIƒ

IS∂ph∂n-´p-≠v. "InkvXp hn⁄m-\obw' AYhm IntÃm-fPn F∂ ssh⁄m-\nI imJ-bn¬

HutZym-Kn-I-ambn Cu NcnX tcJ-I-sfm∂pw Ib-dn-∏-‰n-bn-ń-√. lkvdØv AlvaZv (A) temI-

Øn\v apºn¬ ka¿∏n® io\-K-dnse tbip-hns‚ I_dnSw AXn¬ G‰hpw ][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.

AXp-t]mse Nmhp-I-S¬ Npcp-fp-Iƒ, \mKvl-ΩmZn tcJ-Iƒ, Sqdn-\nse Xncp-»oe, BZna InkvXym-

\n-Iƒ Xma-kn® tdmanse Im‰tImwkv F∂ Kplm-irw-J-e-Iƒ, Ahn-SsØ inem-Nn-X-ßƒ,

PqtZmIn-kvXy≥ ]m-c-ºcyw, tXmakv InkvXy≥ ]mcºcyw, ]uckvXy ssIkvXh k`m-NcnX-

ßƒ, ssIkvXh k` X≈n-°-f™ Bt]m-In-^-ßƒ, ]mjm-WvUX Btcm-]n-°-s∏´

ssIhkvXh-tc-JIƒ. hnip≤Jp¿-B\nse tbip-hns\]‰n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿ißƒ XpS-ßn-b-

hsb√mw hne-s∏´ ssIkvXh tcJ-I-fm-Wv. CØcw tcJ-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ ]T-\-

ßƒ alm-Xym-K-ßƒ hcn® tbip-hns‚ D÷ze hy‡nXzsØ kXy-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv sNøp-I.

AXn-\p-]-Icw At±-lsØ hnKlh-XvI-cn-®v Bcm-[\m aq¿-Ønbm-°n-sh-°p-∂Xv kXy-Øn-s∂-

Xn-cm-Wv. Xo¿®-bmbpw tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n® kXy-ßƒ temIw Hcp-\mƒ Adn-bm-Xn-cn-°n-√.

tbip-]-d-™-Xvt]mse: ""\nßƒ kXyw Adnbpw. kXyw \nßsf kzX-¥-cm°pw'' (tbml.8:32).

n


cp NmIn-Im-\p-jvTm\w t]mse, InkvXp-hnsâ DbnÀs¯-gpt¶Â¸pw kzÀ¤mtcm

lWhpw kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ ssZh-imkvX hnNn- -\-§Ä temI-sa-§p-apÅ InkvXob thZn-I-fnÂ CuG]nÂ amkw hopw NÀ¨-sN¿-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wv. tbip shÅn-bmgvNIpcn-in-te-ä-s¸-Sp-Ibpw Rmb-dmgvNDbnÀs -gpt¶Â¡p-Ibpw sNbvXpF¶mWv InkvXob hnizm-kw. CuhÀjs¯ ZpxJ-sh-Ånbpw CuÌdpw bYm-Iaw 9 shÅnbpw 11 -Rm-b-dp-am-Wv.

DbnÀs¯-gp -t¶ev]n -sâbpwkzÀ¤m-tcm-l-W-¯n-sâbpw ssZh-imkvXw C§s\ kwK-ln-¡m-hp¶XmWv: tbip Ipcn-in-t·Âi]vX-a-cWw hcn v a\pjy-hw-is¯X§fpsS ]m]-§fnÂ \n¶v apà-am-¡p-Ibpw IÃ-d-bnÂ AS-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. aq¶mw Znhkw acn-¨-h-cpsS CS-bnÂ \n¶v At±lwDbnÀs¯-gp-t¶Â¡p-Ibpw hni-I-e-\m-Xo-X-amb Hcp amÀ¤-¯nÂkzÀ¤-¯n-te¡v Itc-dn-t¸m-hp-IbpwsNbvXp. CXmWv InkvXob hnizm-k-¯nsâ kmcmwiw! F¶mÂbYmÀ°-¯nÂ CXv kw-`-hn-¡p-I-bp-mtbm? tNmZyw sN¿-s¸-SmsX

InkvXym-\n-IÄ hniz-kn-¡p¶ Cukn²m´ ]am-W-§Ä¡v Ncn-X-]-chpw hkvXp -Xm-]-c -hp -amb bmsXmcp km[p-X-bp-an-Ã. a\pjysâA\p-`-h -bm-YmÀ°y-§Ä¡pw Kmly - ti -j n -¡p - a -X o -X - a m -bXpwXnI¨pw Akw-`-hyhpw Akm[y-hp-amb H¶sX kzÀ¤m-tcm-l-W-¯n-sâbpw DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶ev]n-sâbpw kn²m´w. hnizm-k-]-c-ambanYym-`-a-¯nÂ sI«n-¸-Sp¯ Cuhnizm-k-hn-Iev]w anX-ambn ]d-ªmÂ sI«p-I-Y-I-fpsS aÞ-e-¯nÂs¸« H¶-sX.

N]e am\-k-bpsSssZh-imkvXw

Hcp ]apJ bpàn-Nn-´-I-\mbsd\³, Xsâ lnÌdn sZkv Hdn-Pn³kv InkvXy³kv sa (HistoryDes Origins Christiansme) F¶KÙ-¯nÂ ]d-bp-¶p:

“DbnÀs¯gp-t¶ev]nsâ _lp-aXn aKvZ-e\ adn-b¡v Ah-Im-i-s¸-«-Xm-Ip-¶p. Ah-fpsS ISp¯ a\-Ým-©eyw krjvSn¨ ]Xn-ÑmbCt¸mgpw temI-k-a£w Nqgv¶phne -kp -I -bm -Wv . Z nhm -kz -] v\ -¡mÀ¡n-S-bnse ]ap-Jnbpw cmP-Ip-am-cn-bp-sa¶ \ne-bnÂ Ah-fmWv

Xsâ Bthiw \ndª Bßm-hnsâ kz]v\-ZÀi-\s¯ aäm-tc-¡mfpw temI -a -\ -ÊnÂ HcpbmYmÀ°y-ambn amäp¶Xn¶v Imc-W-¡m-cn. Ah-fpsS kvXolr-Z-b-¯nÂ \n¶v DbÀ¶ ‘ Ah³DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶-än-cn-¡p¶p’ F¶hmhn-«pÅ DZvtLmjw a\p-jy-hw-i-¯nsâ Hcp \nÀQ-cn-bm-bn- oÀ¶p.AXn\v tlXp-hmb ZpÀºe bpàn-bp-sSbpw BZÀi-]-c-X-bp-sSbpwt]a- n-sâbpw Bhn-jvI-c-W-§Ä\nin-X-amb hni-I-e-\-¯n\v F´p-sImv hnt[-b-am-¡p-¶n-Ã? hn[nssIs¿m-gn¨ Ak-´p-jvSbpw Znhm-kz-]v\-¡m-cn-bp-amb aKvZ-e-\-a-dnbwDcp-hn« hm¡p-IÄ am\-h-cm-in¡vkam-izm-khpw Af-hä BËm-Zhpw]I-cp-I-bp-m-bn. At¸mÄ aKvZ-e-\-¡mcn adn-b-sb-¡mÄ henb [nj-Wm-imen Fhn-sS-bpv?”

DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶-ev]nsâ hmMvabw Ah-X-cn-¸n¨ aKvZ-e-\-¡mcnadnbw Ggp ]nim-Np-¡Ä _m[n-¨-h-fm-bn-cp-¶p. (eqt¡m: 8: 2) F¶mWv ss__nÄ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. aäphm¡p-I-fnÂ `m´nsâ ht¡m-f-sa-¯p¶ lmen-f-¡-ap-Å-h-fm-bn-cp¶pAhÄ.

tbip-hnsâ Ipcnip kw`-hhpw

Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev]v : ss[j-Wn-IhpwZm¿i-\n-I-hp-am-b ka-ky-Iƒ

H

tbip-hns‚ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev]pw kz¿§m-tcm-l-Whpw InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ Zm¿i-\n-Ihpw

bp-‡n-]-c-hp-amb _e-lo-\X hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Cu ASn-ÿm\ Zu¿_-ey-ßƒ

Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ssZh-im-kvX-Øn\v a\p-jys‚ Bflob Pohn-XsØ Fßs\

ssZthm-∑p-J-am°nØo¿°m-\m-hpw?

Fw. Ben-t¡mb

teJ\w


DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶ev]pw kzÀ¤m-tcm-l-Whpw cm-bncw hÀj§fpsS\nKq-V-X-bnÂ BpIn-S -¡p¶hkvXp-X-I-f-sX. InkvXp-hnsâbYmÀ° Ncn-Xs¯ kw_-Ôn¨hkvXp -X-IÄ C¡-gnª \qäm -nsâ XpS-¡-¯nÂ¯s¶ e`y-am-bn-¯p-S-§n-bn-«p-v. XpSÀ¶v ImewIgn-bp-t´mdpw tbip Ipcn-inÂ acn-¨n-«n-sÃ¶v kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambn sXfn-bn-¡p¶ \nc-h[n tcJ-IÄ shfn-s -«p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

lkvd¯v AlvaZn (A)sâshfn-s¸-Sp-¯Â

]s¯m-¼Xmw \qäm -nsâAý -Z -i -I -§ -f nÂ hmK vZ¯akolpw alvZn-bp-amb lkvd¯vanÀkm-Kpemw AlvaZv (A) akolvlnµp-Øm³ sa (tbip aninlmCý-bnÂ) F¶ KÙw cNn-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. apgp-h³ temI P\-X-¡p-ambn Hcp alm-k-Xy-¯nsâ ]Im-i\w At±lw Cu ]pkvXIw hgn\ÂIn-bn-«p-v. tbip Ipcn-inÂ]oUn-X-\m -sb¦nepw Ipcn -inÂsh¨v acn-¡p-I-bp-m-bn-sÃ¶pw]kvXpX kw`-h-¯n\v tijwAt±lw ImWmsX t]mb Ck-tbÂ tKmX-s¯, _m_n-tem-Wn-b³ NI-hÀ¯n s\_p-¡Zv \k-dnsâ hnim-e-amb kmam-Py-Xz -¯n\p IognÂ ASn-a-I-fmbn NnXdnXma-kn-¨n-cp¶ blq-Zn-I-fpsS ]n´p-SÀ¨-¡msct¯Sn `mc-X-¯n-te¡vhcp-I-bp-m-sb¶pw sXfn-hp-k-lnXw Øm]n-¡p-¶p. ]pcmX\Imes¯ hniz -k - am -« p -Ifmbs\_p-¡Zv \kÀ, sskd-kv, Ae-Ivkm-À apX-em-b-h-cpsS ASn-a- --¯n³ Iogn-em-bn-cp¶p Ckm-tb-en-IÄ NnX-dn-s¯-dn-¨-Xv. ]pcm-X-\-Im-e¯v ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp¶ blq--Zn-I-fpsS ]n³X-e-ap-d-¡m-cpsS P\-]-Y-§Ä Iivao-cnepw mcX-¯nsâ aäphS-¡³ `mK-§-fnepw hym]n-¨n-«p-m-bn-cp -¶p. blq-Zn -Isf tXSn-bpÅ ]cy-S -\-¯nsâ `mK-ambn

tbip Ii vao -c nÂ hcn -IbpwhmÀ²Iyw _m[n¨v io\-K-dnÂsh¨v Znhw-K-X-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.At± -l -¯nsâ inem -Ip - S ocwCt¸mgpw io\-K-dnÂ ImW-s -Sp-¶p-v. Cu hkvXp-Xsb ]_-e-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-pÅ B[p-\nI NcnX]pcm-hkvXp imkvX-K-th-j-W-§ÄJpÀ-Bsâbpw ss__n-fn-sâbpw]kvXm -h -\ -IÄ¡v Icp -¯pä]n³_ew \ÂIp-¶p-v. Iqin-¡-s¸-«n-«pÅ i]vX-ar-Xyp-hnÂ \n¶vssZhw At±-l-¯n\v B]-·p-àn-tb-Ip-Ibpw Hgp-Ip¶ Acp-hn-I-fpÅDt·j-Zm-b-I-amb Hcp D¶-X-`q-hnÂA`-b-a-cp -fp -Ibpw sNbvX-XmbnJpÀ-B³ ]d-bp-¶p. io\-K-dnsetbip -hnsâ ih-Ip -So -c -¯nsâIs- Â tbip Ipcn-inÂ acn-¡p-I -bp -m-bn -sÃ¶ hkvXp -Xsbkw_-Ôn-¨Å kÀÆ kwi-b-§-sfbpw Zqco-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw At\-I-i-X-I-§-fmbn tbip-hnsâ \n-KqVPohn-Xs¯ Bh-cWw sNbvXn-cn-¡p¶ FÃm A\n-Ýn-Xz-s¯bpw\o¡w sN¿p-Ibpw sN¿pw. ssZhwAt± -l -¯nsâ Bßm -hn\ vimńbpw Imcp-Wyhpw sNmcn-b-s«.

lkvd¯v AlvaZv (A) hnfw-_-c-s¸-Sp-¯nb ‘tbip Ipcn-inÂacn -¨n -« nÃ ’ F¶ bmYmÀ°ywapkvenw ss[j-WnI temIs¯Bth-i-`-cn-Xam-t¡--Xm-bn-cp-¶p.]t£, CtX-hsc Bcpw Xs¶ ka-K-ambn Cu hnjbw ]Tn-¡mt\mhni-I-e\w sN¿mt\m apt¶m-«p-h-cm³ ss[cytam N¦q-ätam ImWn-¨n-«n-Ã. PqX ssIkvXh shfn-]m-Sp -I -fpsS ]mc-ay -amWv Ckvemsa¶pw tbip-hnsâ Pohn-Xhpw ac-Whpw PqXÀ¡pw InkvXym-\n -IÄ¡p-sa-¶-Xp-t]mse apkvenwIÄ¡pw aÀ½-]-[m-\-am-sbmcp hnj-b-am-sW¶pw ssIkvXh temI-¯n\p thX t_m²y-s¸-«n-«n-Ã.

tamsibpsS \ymb-]-am -W-¯nsâ \nhÀ¯n-¸n-\mbn ssZh-¯mÂ t]jn-X-\mb kXy-]-hm-N-

I-\mWv tbip F¶XmWv JpÀ-Bsâ ]kvXm-h-\. tbip Ipcn-inÂ sh¨v i]vX-a-cWw hcn-¨n-«nÃF¶v hnip² JpÀ-B³ iàn-bpàw ]Jym-]n-¡p-¶p. B Znhy-hy-àn-Xz-¯n-t·-epÅ If¦w Igp-In-¡-f-bp-¶-Xn-\pÅ Xoh-]-cn-iawtbipsh Hcp ssZhnI ]hm-N-I-\mbn hniz-kn-¡p¶ kÀÆ-cp-sSbpwIÀ¯-hy-a-sX. AXp-sImv tbipIpcn-inÂ ac-W-s¸-SpIbpm-bnÃF¶ Is-¯Â PqX-·mÀ¡pwInkvXym-\n-IÄ¡pw apkvenwIÄ¡pw Hcp -t]mse PnPvRm-k-bp -WÀ¯p¶ Hcp hnj-bam-Wv.

InkvXob ssZh-im-kvX-¯nse bpàn-`w-K-§Ä

1. tbip acn-¨-h-cnÂ \n¶vDbnÀ¯p h¶p F¶ kn²m´wbpàn -Nn -´¡pw kmam\y -_p -²n¡pw \nc-¡m-¯-Xm-Wv. ac-W-¯n\ v tijw DbnÀs¯-gp -t¶Â¡pI F¶Xv XnI-¨pw Ahn-iz-k-\o-bhpw Akw-`-hy-hp-am-Wv.kphn-tij hN-\-§-fnÂ \n¶v\nÀ½n-s -Sp¯ ZpÀº-e-amb sXfnhvCu kn²m´w Øm]n -¡m³XnI¨pw A]-cym-]vX-hp-am-Wv. tbipacn-¨-Xn\v tijw arX-cm-b-hÀ¡n-S-bnÂ aq¶p -\mÄ InS -¡p -Ibpw]n¶oSv Pohn-X-¯n-te¡v Xncn¨phcn -Ibpw sNbvXp F¶-Xn -t\-¡mÄ, ]oU-\-taä InkvXp t_m[-c-ln-X-\m-hp-Ibpw XpS¶v kpJw]m]n-¡p-I-bp-am-Wp-m-bXv F¶Xn-\mWv IqSp-XÂ km[y-X-bp-Å-Xv.CXv Xs¶-bmWv bmYmÀ°y-hpw.AXp-sImv JpÀ-Bsâ Cu kao-]\w bpàn-]-chpw _p²n-]-c-hp-amWv.

2. tbip Ipcn-in-te-dp-¶-Xn\vapt¼m AXn\v tijtam BIm-i-t¯¡v t]mbn F¶ Bibw sI«p-I-Y-t]mse Abp-àn-Ihpw \ncÀ°-I-hp-am-Wv. ihW amX-bnÂXs¶ AXv \ncm-I-c-W-tbm-Ky-am-Wv.HcmÄ¡v Øqe-tZ-l-t¯msS BIm-


i-t¯¡v t]mIm\pw AhnsS \n¶vCd-§n-h-cm\pw Ign-bp-I-bnÃ F¶p-ÅXv ss__n-fnse Genbm ]hm-N-Isâ kw`-h-¯nÂ ]kvXm-hn-X-amb ]IrXn \nb-a-a-sX. tbipXs¶bpw Aßo-bmÀ°- nÂ amX-amWv ss__n-fnse aem-Jn-bpsSDS-tem-sS-bpÅ Ah-tcm-lW IYa\-Ên-em-¡n-b-Xv.

F¦nÂ ]ns¶ tbip-hnsâBtcm -l -Wm -h - tcm -l -W -§ÄhmNymÀ°-¯nÂ FSp-t¡--Xp-s¶v Icp-Xp-¶-sX-§-s\-bmWv?A¯cw k¦ev]§Ä ssZh-h-N-\-§Ä¡v \nc-¡p-¶-X-Ã. a\p-jy-krjvSn-sXm«v Ct¶-h-scbpw imco-cn-Im-tcm-l-Wm-h-tcm-l-W-§-fp-tS-Xmb GsX-¦nepw Hcp kw`hwt]mepw Dm-bn-«n-Ãm-¯-Xp-a-sX.

3. Xsâ IÀ¯-hy-§Ä \nÀÆ-ln¨p XoÀ¡p-¶-Xn -\p -ap -¼mbntbip kzÀ¤w ]qIn-sb-¶pÅ Kpcp-X-c-amb Ipäw At±-l¯n-\p-taÂBtcm -] n -¡p -I -sb¶ BibwXs¶ [À½-t_m-[-ap -Å-bmÄ¡vDÄ¡n-Sne-ap-m-¡p-¶p. kÂ¡m-cy-§Ä sN¿p-hm³ Ign-hp-Å,-Xsâkl-Po-hn-IÄ¡v th-s¸« tkh-\-§fpw al-¯mb t\«-§fpw\ÂIm³ Pohn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ Hcmsf,kÀÆ-i -à-\mb ssZhw FSp -¯Iäp-sa¶pw Xsâ ZuXyw \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶-XnÂ \n¶v At±-ls¯Hgn-hm¡n kzÀ¤- nÂ ]Xn-jvTn-¡p-sa-¶p-apÅ _p²n-iq-\yhpw Akw-_-Ô-P-Sn -e-hp -amb Hcp \S-]SnssZh-¯n-\p-taÂ Btcm-]n-¡m-\m-hnÃ.

4. tbip kzbw Xs¶ Ipcn-inÂ Bß-l-Xy-bpsS amÀ¤w Xnc-sª-Sp-¯p-sh-¶p-ÅXv bpàn-Nn-´-s¡-Xn-cm-Wv. kzÀ¤-¯nÂ NS-ªn-cp¶p Xsâ Pohn-X-¯nse hne-tb-dnb hÀj-§Ä At±lw ]mgm-¡n-¡-fªp F¶Xpw AX-Xs¶bpàn-lo-\-a-sX. HcmÄ aäp-Å-hÀ¡mbn BZyw Bß-l-Xy-b-\p-

jvTn-¡p-Ibpw XpSÀ¶v Pohn-X-¯n-te¡v Xncn-s¨-¯p-Ibpw AÂ]-k-a-b-¯n-\p-tijw kzÀ¤-¯n-te¡vt]mhp-Ibpw Xsâ injvS\mfp-IÄAhnsS \ntÝjvS-\mbn Ign-ªp-Iq-Sp-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶ mh-\-tb-¡mÄ Akw-_-Ô-ambn asä-´pv?

5. CÃm-¯-sX¶v sXfn-bn-¡m³Hcp sXfnhpamh-iy-an-Ãm-¯-bX\nÀ°-I -amWv InkvXp -hnsâkzÀ¤m-tcm-lW IY. taÂ hnh-cn¨sXfn -hp -Ifpw hkvXp -X -I -f pw]kvXm-hn-¡-s¸-«n -cp -¶n-sÃ-¦nÂt]mepw bpàn Nn´-bpsS XoÀ¸vInkvXp-hnsâ kzÀ¤m-tcm-l-W-¯n\v FXn-cm-Wv.

Bßo-b-XbpsS timjWw:]Xn-`m-im-en-I-fpsS

km£y-§Ä

kmln-Xo-b-amb mh-\m-hn-em-k-§-fnepw sI«p-I-Y-bnepw sI«n-¸-Sp¯ ssIkvXh kn²m-´-§Ä]mÝm-Xy-tem-Is¯ [njWmimen-IÄ ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[-\¡v hnt[-b-am-¡p -t¼mÄ lkvd¯v AlvaZn(A)sâ hmZ-ap-J-§Ä¡v ]qÀÆm-[nIw ]k-àn-tb-dp-IbmWv.

[nj-Wm-im-en-bmb a\p-jysâbpàn-t_m-[t¯mSv ]Xn-_-²X]peÀ¯m³ Ign-bm¯ InkvXp-a-X-¯n\v a\p-jys\ F§s\ Bßo-b-ambn ]tNm-Zn-¸n-¡m-\mhpw? InkvXob hnizm-k-¯nse Cu IS-¦-Y-IÄ ]Xn-`m -im-en -I-fmb InkvXob ]Þn-X-·msc \mkvXnINn´m-K-Xn-bn-te¡v Xncn-bm³ t]cn-¸ n -¡p -¶p . PÀ½-\n -b nsedqtUmÄ^v _ÀXv am³, ss__nÄIYsb Hcp sI«p-I-Y-bm-bn-«mWv]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv. ss__n-fnseDev]¯n kn²m-´-§Ä imkvX-ZrjvSym ]mIr-X-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-bXXs¶ ZmÀi-\n-I-ambpw AXv ]mIr-X -am -sW¶v _n« -Wnse ssIkvXh ]Þn -X -\mb tPm¬]kvXm-hn-¡p-¶pv The New Ref-

ormation (\-ho\ k`m ]cn-jvI-c-Ww) F¶ Xsâ ]pkvX-I-¯nÂ^pÄ hn¨v _nj¸v Fgp-Xp-¶p:“ssZhm-kvXnIy k¦Â] kn²m´w A]-k-à-am-Wv. \½n-te-sd-t¸cpw ]mtbm-KnI \mkvXn-I-cp-a-sX. ssZhw ]cn-an-X\pw A]-k-à\pw ssZhnI KpW-§Ä CÃm- -h-\p-am-sW-¶mWv InkvXob ssZh-im-kvXw ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. Npcp-¡-¯nÂ ss[j-Wn-I-ambn kzoIm-cy-a-Ãm-¯Xn\mÂ InkvXob hnizm-ks¯ ]ptcm-K-a\ Nn-´-IÀ sh¨p-]p-eÀ¯pI F¶Xv ]bm-k-I-c-amWv.”

tbip Ipcn-inÂ ac-W-s¸-Sp-Ibpw kzÀ¤-¯n -te¡v Btcm -lWw sN¿p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«n-sÃ-¦nÂ At±lw Ft§m-«p -t]mbnF¶ Imcyw _m¡n-\nÂ¡p-¶p.Ipcniv kw`-mh-\-´cw Keo-en-bnÂGXm\pw BgvN-IÄ Ign-¨p-Iq-«nbtbip-hnsâ Xntcm-[m-\-amWv CXpkw_-Ôn¨ ]tl-fn-I. tb-ip-hnsâkzÀ¤m-tcm-lW IY-bpsS km¦ev]nI hnh-c-§Ä Na-Xv¡mc Nmcp-X-tbmsS ss__n-fnÂ ImWm-sa-¦nepw At±-l-¯nsâ Poh-N-cnXwhfsc lkz -ambn am Xsa]kvXpX KÙ-¯nÂ ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p-Åq- F¶Xv hnNnXw Xs¶.AaÀXy-X-bn-te¡v DS-tem-sS-bpÅØm-\m- -c- nsâ mh\m k-¦ev]-¯nÂ \n¶pw tbip-hnsâ PohnXwkw_-Ôn¨ hkvXp -\n -jvT -ambAt\z-j-W¯n-te¡v \½psS i²Xncn-tb--Xp-v.

tbip-hnsâ Ncn-X-]q-cWw

Ipcniv kw` -hm -\ -´-c -apÅtbip-hnsâ Po-hnXw Hcp ]tl-fn-I-bmbn XpS-cp-t¼mÄ AXn-\pÅbpàn-]-chpw Ncn-X-]-c-hp-amb]qcWw F¶ \nebv¡v AlvaZn¿m]Øm-\-Øm-]-I-cmb lkvd¯vanÀkm Kpemw AlvaZv (A) cNn¨‘tbip aninl C´y-bnÂ’ F¶]pkvXIw temI-¯n\v amÀ¤ -


ZÀi\w \ÂIp¶p. ImWmsXt]mb Ck-tbÂ tKmX-§sft¯Sn-bpÅ tbip-hnsâ Cý-h-sc-bpÅ k©m-chpw At±-l-¯nsâkwXr-]vX-hm-k-¯nsâ kw£n-]vX-hn-h-c-Whpw Gähpw hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambn Cu KÙ-¯nÂ hnh-cn-¨n-cn-¡p -¶p. kÀtÆm-]cn lkvd¯vAlvaZv (A), apgpp-h³ ssIkvXhtemI-t¯bpw A¡m-Z-anIv ]Þn-X-·m-tcbpw A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXv Nqn-¡m-«nb io\-K-dnsetbip-hnsâ IÃd ss[j-WnItemI-¯n\p ap¼nÂ kaqÀ¯-am-sbmcp sXfn-hm-Wv. tbip-hn-sâFÃm ka-ky-I-fp -sSbpw hn[nXoÀ¸n-\mbn lkvd¯v AlvaZv(A) sXm«p-Im-«nb kaqÀ¯-ambCu kvamc-I-t¯mfw DÖz-e-ambasä´v sXfn-hm-Wv ]ÞnX temI-¯n\v thXv?

tbip ]pI-a-d-¡p-ÅnÂ

InkvXp-hn-s\-¸-än-bpÅ hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb At\z-j-W-§-fnÂ \n¶vInkvXp k` kzbw amdn-\nÂ¡p-Ibpw aäp-Å-hÀ \S-¯p¶ FÃmcq]-¯n-epÅ At\z-j-W-§-sfbpwa[y-Ime ssien-bnÂ ASn-¨-aÀ¯p-Ibpw Xa-kvI-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I-bm-Wv. InkvXpsh kw_-Ôn-¡p¶FÃm Zpcq-l-X-Ifpw Ahy-à-X-bnÂ¯s¶ \ne -\nÀ¯m\pwInkvXp-hp-ambn _Ô-apÅ FÃm]Xn-`m--k-§sfbpw At\z-jn-¨-dn-bm-\pÅ FÃm ia-§fpw ]cm-P-baS-bp-sa-¶p-ÅXv Dd-¸m-¡m\pwk` FÃm-bn-t¸m-gpw PmK-cq-I-ambnImhÂ\nÂ¡p-I-bmWv sNbvXn-«p-ÅXv F¶v tlmÄKÀ ssIÌÀ,‘tbip Cý-bnÂ Pohn-¨p’ F¶]pkvX-I-¯nÂ Fgp-Xn-bXv it²-b-a-tX.

BZcw sNmcn-b-s¸«bpK-]p-cp-j³

tbip Ipcn-in-t·Â ac-W-s¸-«n-sÃ¶pw ]hmkn Pohn-X-¯n-\p-

tijw hr²-\m-hp-Ibpw Pohn¨v acn-¡ p -I --b p a m -Wp -m -b - sX¶pwJpÀB³ a\-Ên-em-¡n-¯cp¶p.At±lw BIm -im -tcm -lWwsNbvXn-«n-sÃ-¶p-ÅXv JpÀ-BsâXoÀ¸-sX. lkvd¯v anÀkm KpemwAlvaZv (A) BZy-ambn temI¯vAh-X-cn-¸n¨ Cu kXyw ]mÝmXy]WvUn-X-·mÀ¡v t_m²y-s¸-Sm\pwkzoIm-cy-am-hm\pw CS-bm-bn-«p-s-¶p-ÅXv CkvemanI temI-¯n\pe`n¨ ssZhnI hc-a-sX. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v _n«-\nse sdPn-\mÄUvNmÄkv FhdmUv k vtImÄôÂUv, ‘tbip-hnsâ PohnX \n-co-£Ww’ (Observation of the lifeof Jesus) F¶ KÙ¯nÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.

“tbip Ipcn-ip-a-c-W- nÂ \n¶vc£n-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bp-mbn F¶p ]d-bm-\pÅ ]tNm-Z\w e`n-¨-bmÄlkvd¯v anÀkm Kpemw AlvaZvBbn-cp-¶p. hyXy-kvX-amb Hcpshfn -¨ -¯nÂ InkvXp -a -Xs¯t\m¡n-¡m-Wm³ \mw Ahkm\w]m]vX-cm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. B hnizm-k-¯nsâbpw kn²m´-im -Ty -¯n -sâbpw s\Spw-Xq-Wp-I-fnÂ H¶mbkzÀ¤m -tcm -l-W-s¯-t¸m -epÅkwK-Xn-IÄ H¶pw-Xs¶ DÅ-Xm-bncp¶nÃ F¶v F\n-¡n-t¸mÄt_m[yw h¶n-cn-¡p¶p. F¶n«pwInkvXob thZ-K-Ù-§-fnÂ CuZpÀhym-Jym-\-¯n\v Øew ]nSn-¡m³ F§s\ Ignªp?

“anÀkm Kpemw AlvaZv(A)Xsâ DÄ¡mgvN sImv Cu FÃmap³hn-[n -I-sfbpw apdn -¨p -I-S¶vGähpw DbÀ¶ [oc-X-bpsS BÄcq-]-am-bn. At±lw Gähpw anI¨]IoÀ -\- n\v AÀl-\mtb ]äq.1899 - þÂ _n«ojv cmPm -hnsâapJ¯p sh¨pw hnIvtSm -dnbmInkvXob ]amW imTy-¯nsâkÀÆ Icp -¯n\p ap¼m-sIbpwC¯cw Bi-b-§Ä ]I-Sn-¸n-¡pIFfp-¸-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã''. dPn-\mÄUv

NmÄkv C]-Imcw kwK-ln-¡p-¶p.""apl-½-Znsâ \mas¯ ]IoÀ n-X -am -¡p -Ibpw ]mÝm-Xytem-I-¯nsâ i²-bn-te¡v kÀÆXpwF¯n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX anÀkm-Kpemw AlvaZns\ kvt\l-]qÀÆwBtÇ-jn-¡m\pw At±-ls¯ apl-½-Znsâ bYmÀ° ]pX-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-¡m\pw apkvenwIÄ¡v ssZhwtXm¶n¸n¡p -am - dm -Is« F¶v]mÀ°nt¡-Xv Fsâ IÀ¯-hyambn Ah-ti -jn -¡p -¶p .InkvXym-\n-IÄ¡m-Is« At±-l-¯n\p BinÊv t\cpI F¶-Xpw.”

InkvXob tkmX-Êp-IfnÂ\n¶v Ncn-X-]-c-am-bpÅ tbip-hn-s-¡p-dn¨v bmsXm¶pw Adn-bm-\m-hn-sÃ¶v ]d-ªp-sImv ]ikvXssZh -imkv X ]WvUn -X³dptUmÄ^v _À«v-am³ C]-ImcwD]-kw-l-cn-¡p-¶p: “Ckv emanseAlvaZn¿m ]Øm\ Øm]-I\pwkl-]-hÀ¯-Icpw tbip-hn-sâIivao-cn-te-¡pÅ ]cy-S--\-s¯-¡pdn-¨pÅ hkvXp-X-IÄ tiJ-cn-¡p-I-bpm-bn-«p-v. ]pcm-hkvXp Kth-j-I-\mb s]m^. lkvs\-bv\pwAhsb kw_-Ôn¨v hni-Zo-I-cn-s¨-gp -Xn -bn -«p -v . tbip GXmv60mas¯ hb-ÊnÂ Cý-bnÂF¯n-bn -«p -m -h -W-sa¶v Ch\t½mSv ]d-bp-¶p. Rm-\Xp kzoI-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.”

‘ InkvXp-hns\ kw_-Ôn¨ HcpacW ]cn-tim-[\’ (An inquest onChrist) F¶ KÙ-¯nsâIÀ¯mhpw It¯m-en¡m ]WvUnX\p-amb tPm¬ sd_m³ PqXInkvXy³ apkvenw timXm-¡sfA`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXp-sImp]d-bp-I-bp-m-bn:

“AÃtbm alXo alm-·m-tc,Hcp InkvXym\n F¶ \ne-bnÂRm³ \n§-tfmSv NneXv ]d-tb--Xp-v. 1835-þÂ P\n-¡p-Ibpw 1908-þÂ Ncaw ]m]n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX

(-tijw 17 ˛mw t]Pn¬)

10 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

Zn-bm-\nÂ Hcp A¨p-¡qSwthW-sa-¶-Xnsâ Bh-iy-IX hmKvZ¯ ako-ln\v

Xo£vW-ambn A\p-`-h-s¸-«p. Znt\-\-sb-t¶mWw A¨-Sn -tPm-enIÄKWy-ambn hÀ²n-¨p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Zqc-Zn-¡nÂ \n¶v A¨Sn tPmen-IÄ \nÀÆ-ln-¡pI F¶Xv `mcn¨Nne-hpÅ tPmen-bmbn¯oÀ¶p.lkvd¯v AlvaZv (A) AarXvkdnse ssiJv \qÀ AlvaZv kmln-_n-t\mSp JmZn-bm-\nÂ Hcp ]ÊvXpS-§m³ A`yÀ°n-¨p. 1892 BK-kvXnÂ JmZn-bm-\nÂ hr¯m-Ir-Xn-bn -epÅ Hcp apdnbnÂ (tKmemIavdm) Hcp ]Êv kwhn-[m\w sNbvXp. JmZn-bmsâ Ncn-X-¯nÂ CXvh¼n¨ ]m[m-\y-apÅ Hcp kw`-h-am-bn-cp-¶p. dnbmsk lnµv ]ÊvF¶m-bn-cp¶p Cu Øm]-\-¯nsât]cv.

1892 -þÂ Fgp -Xn -¯p -S -§nb‘Bbn\sb Iam-ems¯ Ckvemw’F¶ ]pkvXIw 1893 s^_p-h-cn-bn-emWv ]qÀ¯n-bm-b-Xv. JmZn-bm-

\nÂ A¨-Sn¨ BZys¯ ]pkvX-I-am-bn-cp¶p AXv. Bbn-c¯n -\m-\qdvtIm¸n- A¨-Sn-¨ 700 t]Pp-I-fpÅB ]pkvX-I-¯nsâ 250 t]Pp-I-tfmfw Ad-_n, t]Àky, XpÀ¡n,CuPn]vXv, XpÀ¡n-Øm³, A^vKm-\n-Øm³ F¶n-hn-S-§-fnse ]-Þn-X-·msc A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXp-sIm-pÅ ktµ-i-§-fm-bn-cp¶p.1893 -þÂ P\p-hcn 11 -þ\v auehnA_vZpÂ Icn -aosâ At]£]Imcw lk¯v AlvaZv (A)Bbn\sb Iam-ems¯ CkvemanÂIp«n-t¨À¯-Xm-bn-cp-¶ 250 t]Pp-I-fpÅ ]kvXpX `mKw. 1893-þ ÂBKkvXv 10 -þ\v AXnsâ hnet]mtÌPn-ÃmsX Hcp cq]-bm-bn-cp-¶p. ]n¶oSv AXv 2 cq]-bm-¡n.

Cu ]pkvXIw AXp-ey-]m-[m-\y-ap-Å-Xm-Wv. B ]pkvX-I-¯nsât]c v kqNn -¸n -¡p -¶ -X vt]mseCkvemansâ kuµ-cyhpw iànbpw ImWn¡p¶ ZÀ¸W-am-bn-cp¶pAXv. apl-½Zv lpssk³ _«m-ehn, lk¯v Alva-Zn(A)s\

_ln-jvI-cn-¡m³ cmPy-¯p-S-\ofwk©-cn¨v De-am-¡-·m-cpsS H¸p-IÄtiJ-cn-¡p¶p-m-bn-cp-¶p. F¶mÂ Cu ]pkvXIw kq£va-ambnhmbn-¡p-t¼mÄ Ckvemansâ FXDÖz-e\mb t]mcm-fn-bpw hàm-hp-amWv lkv d v AlvaZv (A) F¶v\ap¡v a\-Ên-em-hpw..

ssZhhpw a\p-jy-\p-am-bpÅ_Ô-¯nte¡v At±lw shfn¨whnX-dp-Ibpw a\p-jy\v BÀÖn-¡m³ Ign -bp¶ B²ym -ßnI]`mhw At±lw Cu ]kw-K- nÂhnhcn¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p. ssZh-¯nsâ ]pX³, ]cnip²-ßm-hv, a\p-jy-\nse ssZhn-IX F¶o hnti-j-W-§-fnse Bßo-bmÀ°-§sfAt±lw Cu ]pkvX-I-¯nÂ hniZ-am-¡p-¶p. Xn· F´mWv F¶-Xns\¸änbpw Cu KÙ-¯nÂ hni-Zo -I -c n -¨n -« p -v . ae -¡pI -fpsS]hÀ¯-\ -§-sf¸ -ä nbpw JpÀ -B\nI hN-\-¯nsâ s]mcp-fns\kw_-Ôn¨pw CXnÂ ]Xn-]m-Zn-¨n-«p-v. JpÀ-Bsâ ]e hN-\-§-fp-

lkvdØv AlvaZv (A) :_n´ojv cm⁄nsb Ckveman-te°v

£Wn® ssZh-t]-jn-X≥auem\m A_vZp-dlvam³ ZÀZv (d)

Ck-tbeo ]hm-N-I-∑m¿ t]mepw ]X-dn-t∏mb ]t_m-[\ ZuXy-am-bn-cp∂p

lkvdØv AlvaZv (A) "Bbn\sb Iam-emsØ Ckvemw' F∂ IrXn-bn¬ \n¿∆-ln-®-Xv.

_n´ojv cm⁄nsb A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXv Ckvemw aXw kzoI-cn-°m≥ [oc-ambn

Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ IØv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn-ep-≠v.

Jm

teJ\w


sSbpw AÀ°-§Ä CXnÂ AXn-a-t\m-l-c-ambn hÀ®n-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. AÃm-lp-hnÂ \n¶pÅ shfn-]m-Sp-Isf¸än hfsc hyà-ambnCXnÂ ]Xn-]m-Zn¡p-Ibpw AXns\kw_-Ôn¨pÅ kwi-b-§Ä¡v adp-]Sn \ÂIp-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-v.

]pkvX-I-¯nsâ Ad_n hn`m-K-¯nÂ apkvenw cmPy-§-fnse De-am -¡ -·mÀ¡v Xsâ ZuXywlkd¯v AlvaZv (A) hnfw-_cwsN¿p-I-bp-m-bn. Hcp ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯Â F¶ \ne¡v Xsâ IpSpw-_-¯nsâ Ncn-X-]-c-amb ]Ým-¯-e-hn-h-c-Whpw \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p¶p.C´y-bnse _n«o-jp-Im-cpsS ]hÀ¯-\-§sf A`n-\-µn-¨-Xn-\p-tijwhnIvtSm-dnbm cmÚn¡v CkvemwaXw kzoI-cn-¡m-\pÅ Hcp £WwCu ]pkvX-I-¯nÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-v. Xsâ kz´w Pohn-Xs¯]änbpw lkvd¯v AlvaZv (A)AXnÂ Hcp hni-Zo-I-cWw \ÂIn-bn-«pv. Xsâ hninjvS-cmb kvt\ln-X-·m-sc-¸-änbpw A\p-bm-bn-I-sf-¸-änbpw hnh-cn-¨p-sIm-mWv B]pkvXIw D]-kw-l-cn-¨n-«p-ÅXv.

hnIvtSm-dnbm cmÚnsb A`n-kw -t_m -[\ sNbvXp -sImvAt±lw ]dªp:

“Zbm-]-cbpw, kw]qPybp-ambalm-dmWo! aln-X-amb ]Xn-`-bp-sSbpw PvRm\-¯n-sâbpw DÄ¡m-gvN-bp-sSbpw DS-b-h-fmb `h-Xn¡vCkvemw aX-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Adn-hn-sÃ¶pw cmPy-hy-h-lm-c-§Ä A§vGsXmcp ZrjvSn sImv Kln-¡p-¶pthm B ZrjvSn-s¡mv Ckvemans\¡pdn¨v `hXn ]Tn-¨-dn-bp-¶nÃ F¶pw Adnªv Rm³ hnkva-b-`-cn-X-\m-hp-¶p. CcpÄ apänb CucmhnÂ ImgvN Akm-[y -amWv.F¶mÂ Ct¸mÄ kqcy³ Pzen-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. F¶mÂ ]I-ensâ Cu DÖze ] -bnÂ t]mepw`h-Xn¡v ImgvN-bn-Ãm-Xm-hm³ Imc-W-sa´v? hXn Adn-bpI, AÃtbm

]Xm-]-im-en\o, (ssZhw h-XnsbXpW-¡-s«) Ckvemw aXw FÃm]Im-i-§fp-tSbpw tIµ tkmX-Êm-Ip-¶p. FÃm- k-c-Wn-I-fp-tSbpw]`-h-tI-µ-am-Wv. FÃm B²ym-ßnI e-§-fp-sSbpw Bcm-a-am-Wv.Fsâ c£n-Xmhv Ahsâ krjvSn-I-fnÂ t]jnX ]hÀ¯w \S-¯m³ Fs¶ Ab-¨n -cn -¡p¶p.Ahsc Ahsâ aX-¯n -te¡vRm³ £Wn-¡p-I-bmWv. Ah³F\n¡v ZrV-amb sXfn-hp-IÄ X¶-\p-K-ln-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. Fs¶ kzoI-c n -¡p -¶ -hÀ¡v kphn - ti -jw .AÃtbm kÂKp-W-k-¼-¶-bmbalm-dmWo! ssZhw temIm-\p-K-l-§Ä Xm¦-fnÂ sNmcn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p.C\n ]c-tem-I-¯nse A\p-K-l-§Ä IqSn hXn Imw£n-¡p-I.

""]Ým- -]n-¡p-ho³! Hcp ]pX-s\bpw kz´-am-¡n-bn-«n-Ãm-¯-h\pwHcp ]¦m-fn-sbbpw kzoI-cn-¨n-«n-Ãm-¯-h-\p-amb B GI-ssZ-h-¯n\pamXw IogvhW-§p-Ibpw Ahs\amXw Gätaäw kvXpXn-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvhn³. B kXyssZh-¯n-\p -]-Icw H¶n-s\bpwkrjvSn-¡m³ Ign-hn-Ãm¯ IrXn-a-ssZ-h-§sf `hXn kzoI-cn -¡p-¶pthm? Ckvemans\ kw_-Ôn¨p`h-Xnbv¡p hÃ kwi-b-§-fp-ap-s-¦nÂ AXnsâ kXy-¯n-te-¡pÅAÛp-Xm-S-bm-f-§Ä ImWn-¡m³Rm\nXm k¶-²-\mWv! Fsâ FÃm Ah-Ø-I-fnepw ssZhw Ft¶m-sSm-¸-am-Ip-¶p. Rm³ ]m À°n-¡p-t¼mÄ ssZhw Fsâ ]mÀ °-\-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p. Rm³ hnfn-¡p-t¼mÄ Ah³ Fsâ hnfn-¡p-¯cw\ÂIp -¶p. Rm³ klm-b-¯n -\À°n-¡p-t¼mÄ Ah³ F\n¡vklm-b-sa-¯n-¡p-¶p. Rm³ Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-¶mepw ssZ h-sas¶klm-bn-¡p-sa¶pw Fs¶ Ah³Hcn -¡epw ssIsh-Sn -bp -I -bn -Ã -sb¶pw Rm³ hniz -kn -¡p-¶p.Fsâ Znhy-Zr-jvSm´-§fpw FsâkXy-¯n-te-¡pÅ A-S-bm-f-§fpw

ImWp-hm³, ]p\-cp-°m-\s¯¡pdn-¨pÅ `bs¯ ap³\nÀ¯n A§vH¶Â]w ian-¨p-t\m¡q! AÃtbmNI-hÀ¯n\o!, ]Ým-¯-]n-¡p-I,]Ým-¯-]n-¡pI. Fs¶ sNhn-s¡mÄI! Fs¶ sNhn-s¡mÄI!!ssZhw `h-Xnsb A\p-K-ln-¡pw.ssZh -¯nsâ Imcp -Wy -¯n\p]mXo-`q-X-cm-b-h-cpsS ]tXy-I-K-W-¯nÂ `h-Xnbpw DÄs¸-Sp -am -dm-Ipw...... B ]co-£-W-¯nÂ Cubp-Å-h³ IÅ-hm-Zn-bm-sW¶v sXfn-bp-¶-]£w h[n-¡-s¸-Sp-Itbm Iqin-¡-s¸-Sp-I-tbm Fsâ ssIIm-ep-IÄ tOZn-¡-s¸-Sp-Itbm sN¿p-¶Xp F\n¡v k½-X-am-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶pwAt¸mÄ Fs¶ sIm¯n -bcnªmepw AhÀ sNbvXXp icn-bm-bn-cn-¡psa¶pw, B kI-te-iz-cs\ km£n-\nÀ¯n-s¡mp Rm\nXm ]Jym-]n-¨p-sIm-Åp¶p! F¶mÂ Rm³ kXy-hm-Zn-bm-sW¶psXfn-bp-I-bm-sW-¦ntem, Xm¦ÄkjvSm-hmb kXy-ssZ-h-¯n-te¡pXnc n -bp - am - dm -I -W -sa -¶ -ÃmsXbmsXmcp ]mcn-tXm-jn-Ihpw Rm³Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-X-Ã.... Hm `qan-bnse NI-hÀ¯n\o, Xm¦Ä CkvemwaXw kzoI -c n -¨mepw . Xm¦sfssZhw c£n-¡pw. iXp-¡-fnÂ\n¶pw Xm¦sf ssZhw Im¡pw.”

Fs´mcp [ochpw B[n-Im-cn-I-hp-amb i_vZ-am-bn-cp¶p AXv.aqkm \_n (A) hfsc alm-\mbHcp ]hm-N-I-\m-bn -cp -¶p. ‘ hm¡nepw ]hr¯n-bnepw kaÀ°-\m-bn-cp¶p’ (At¸m: ]hr¯n 7:22).]t£, \ap-¡-dnbmw nÀ-Husâ ASp-¡-te¡v At±-ls¯ \nb-an-¨-t¸mÄ B ZuXyw kt´m-j-t¯m-sSbpw \µn-]qÀÆhpw Gsä-Sp-t¡--Xn-\p-]-Icw At±-lw ]d-ªXv C]-Im-c-am-Wv:

“^nÀ-Husâ Acn-In-te¡v t]mbn Ck-tbÂ a¡sf CuPn-]vXnÂ\n¶pw ]pd-t¯¡v sImp-h-cm³Rm\m-cmWv?” ssZhn-I-amb FÃm


12 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

kvXym-\n-I-fpsS ]pWy-Zn-\-§-fnÂ CuÌ-dn\v h¼n¨]m[m-\y-apv. InkvXob

hnizm-k-a-\p-k-cn¨v A¶m-fn-emWtÃm am\-h-cm-in-bpsS ]m]-]-cn -lmcmÀ°w tbip Iqin-¡-s¸-«-Xv.acn¨p aq¶p ]Iepw aq¶p cmhpwIgn-ª-tijw tbip DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶äp F¶mWv InkvXym-\n-IÄhniz-kn-¡p-¶-Xv. FÃm hk-´-¯n-tebpw Hcp Rmb-dm -g vN -bmWvCuÌÀ. ssIkvXh hnizm-kn-IÄA¶v cmhnse Fgp -t¶ä v kqtcymZbw ZÀin-¡p¶p. \mÂ]Xv Znh-ks¯ t\m¼v (Lent) A¶mWvAhkm-\n-¡p-I. ]n¶oSv aX-]-c-ambNS-§p-I-fnÂ ]s¦-Sp¯v CuÌÀBtLm-jn-¡p-¶p. CuÌÀ Zn\-¯nÂ aX-]cw F¶ [mc-W-tbmsSBN-cn-¡p¶ aäp NS-§p-IÄ hnNn-X -§-fm -Wv. AXnÂs¸-« -XmWvtNm¡-tfäv apbÂ, hÀ® ap«-IÄ,ap«-th-«, ap«-hn-t\m-Z-§Ä apX-em-bh. Nn´m-io-e-cmb InkvXob]Þn-X-·mÀ C¯cw BNm-c-§-sf\nin-X-ambn tNmZyw sN¿p-¶p.F´mWv Cu apbÂ? F´p-sImvHcp \mbv¡p-«ntbm ]q¨-¡p-«ntbmBbnÃ? apbÂ ap«-bn-Sm-dn-ÃtÃm!

CuÃ¿ : InkvXp-aXw kzmwio-I-cn®

Hcp AssI-kvX-hm-tLmjw

lpssk³ Fw. kmPnZv

]ns¶sb´p sImv apbepwap«bpw? F´p-sImv Hmdt©mhenb DÅntbm BbnÃ? AhbpwDcp-XmWtÃm. CuÌ-dnse CuBNmc§sfÃmw Hcp hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw hni-I-e-\-§-fpw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. Cu tNmZy-§Ä¡v \ÂI-s¸-Sp¶ D¯-c-§Ä ef-n-X-§fpw ]e-hn-[-¯nepÅ-Xp-am-Wv. F´mWvCuÌÀ? Ncn-X-¯nÂ Ft¸m-gmWvCuÌÀ BtLm-j-§-fp-m-bXv?CuÌÀ BtLm-j-¯n\v InkvXp-aX thZ-K-Ù-¯nÂ Fs´-¦nepw]mam-Wn-I-amb sXfn-hp-I-fptm?F´p-sImv CuÌÀ, hÀj-¯nÂRmb-dm-gvN BtLm-jn-¡-s -Sp-¶p?F´p-sImv CuÌÀ Znh-k Xn¿-Xnsb ASn-Øm-\-am¡n aäp Znh-k-§-fnÂ BN-cn -¡p-¶nÃ? F´p-sImv Acp-a-bmb Hcp apb-ens\CuÌ-dp-ambn _Ôn-¸n-¨p? Rmb-dm-gvN-bmWv DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶Â¸v kw`-hn -¨ -sX¶ hnizm -k -¯n -emWvCuÌÀ FÃm-hÀjhpw kwXr-]vXn-tbmsS BN-cn-¡s¸Sp-¶-Xv. ]t£Xncp -sh -g p -¯p -IÄ Ink vXpDbnÀs¯-gp-t¶-äXv Rmb-dm-gvN-bmsW¶-Xns\ ]n´p-W-¡p-¶n-Ã.

CuÌÀ BtLm-j-§Ä hX-

t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Bcw-`n-¡p-I.t\m¼v BN-c-W-¯nsâ DÛ-hhpwAhy-àX-bnepw \nKq-V-X-bnepwap§n-\nÂ¡p¶p. It¯m-en¡mF³ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-b-bnÂ t\m¼v(Lent)sâ hnh-cWw C]-Im-c-am-Wv:

""Bß-]-hn-Xo-I-c-W-¯nsât\m¼p-Im-e-(Penitential Season ofLent) nsâ DÛhw Ahy-à-am-Wv. AXnsâ ssZÀLyw Imem-Im-e-§-fnÂ hyXy-kvX-am-bn -cp -¶p.]t£ \mÂ]Xv Znh-kamsW¶X¯zw (em-än-³ mj-bnÂ IzmtU-Pn-kna - Quadragesima Cäm-en-b³þ Quaresima, , ^©v- þ Caremc)\memw \qämp apXÂ ]m_-ey-¯nÂ h¶-Xm-Wv.''

Plain Truth F¶ KÙ-¯nÂ]d-bp-¶p:

“tbip P\n-¡p-¶-Xn\v 2000hÀjw ap¼p-Xs¶ t\m¼v (Lent)Bcw-`n -¨n -«p -v. Lent F¶ hm¡nsâ DZv`hw hk´w F¶v AÀ°apÅ Lencten F¶ ]gbCw¥ojv hm¡nÂ \n¶mW.v LentX\Xv cq]-¯nÂ BtLm-jn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv hk-´-Im-e-¯nsâ Bcw`wF¶ \ne-¡m-Wv. t\m¼p-Im-es¯

In

]mtZ-in-I-ambn BN-cn-°s∏´p-h∂ hk-¥-Im-esØ D’-h-ß-fmWv InkvXp-a-X-Øn¬

CuÃ-dmbn cq]-s∏-´-Xv. InkvXp-hns‚ Pohn-X-hp-ambn AXn\v _‘-sam-∂p-an-√.

teJ\w


Lent s\ ]än ss__nÄ au\w]men-¡p-I-bm-Wv. AXv tbip-hn-t\m-sSm¸w Bcw-`n-¨-X-Ã. t]mÄ AS¡w At¸m-kvX-e-·mÀ Bcpw Xs¶AXv BN-cn-¨n-«n-Ã.''

]´v At¸mkvX-e-·m-cp -tSbpw ac -W-¯n -\p -tijw 100hÀjw Ignªv ^m³knse _nj-¸m-bn-cp¶ Cc-tW-hqkv (Irenaeus)tdm anse _nj-¸n-s\gp-Xnb HcpI¯nÂ t\m¼p-Im-es¯¸änbpwCuÌ-dns\¸änbpw Nne hnhmZ-§ÄDÅ-Xmbn ]cm-aÀin-¨n-«p-ÅXv C]-Im-c--am-Wv:

“CuÌÀ Znh-ks¯¸än amX-aÃ XÀ¡-§-fp -ÅXv . t\m¼m -NcW¯nsâ coXnsb kw_-Ôn¨pw XÀ¡-ap-v. NneÀ AXvHcp Znhkw B-N-cn-¨mÂ aXn-sb¶vIcp -Xp -¶p. NneÀ cp Znh-k-sa¶pw aäp NneÀ \me v]X vZnhksa¶pw ]d-bp-¶p.

“ B Ime¯pXs¶ CuÌ-dns\ kw_-Ôn¨v \nÝn-X-amb Hc-`n -]m-b-an -Ãm-bn-cp -¶p. tbiphpwA\p-N-c-·mcpw CuÌÀ t\m¼nsâAYhm s]klm t\m¼nsâ Cu]iv\w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã.ImcWw Ah-cmcpw Xs¶ CXv BN-cn- n-cp-¶n-Ã. Ah-cnÂ \n¶pw C¡m-cy-¯nÂ bmsXmcp amÀ¤-ZÀi\hpwe`n-¡pI km²y-a-Ã. Cu BNmcwtbip-hnsâ acW-¯n-\p -tijwhfsc Ign-ªmWv Bcw-`n -¨-Xv.]p apXÂt¡ Dm-bn-cp¶ CuBNmcw Cc-tW-hq-kmWv sImp-h-¶-Xv. t\m¼v BN-c-W-¯nseCu hyXy -k vX -X -IÄ \½psSIme¯v BhnÀ`-hn-¨-X-Ã. ]vapXÂt¡bpÅ-Xm-Wv. C¡m-cy -¯nÂ AhÀ ià-amb IWn-iX-sbm¶pw ]peÀ¯n-bn-Ã. AhÀ¡vAsXmcp kzImcy CS-]m-Sm -bn -cp¶p”.

(‘Esuebius’: Church History.Chapter 24 Book 5). CXv hyà-ambpw kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv t\m¼m-N-

c-Ww ssZh-¯mÂ BÚm-]n-¡-s¸-«-X-Ã F¶mWv. k`-bn-te¡vAXv IS-¶p-h-¶Xv hyàn-I-fpsSkzImcy BN-c-W-§-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.InkvXym-\n-I-fn-te¡v AssI-kvX-h-cmb P\-k-aq-l-§-fnÂ \n¶mWvCu BNmcw ]IÀ¶-Xv. Ft¸m-gmWv InkvXym-\n -IÄ t\m¼n-sâbpw CuÌ-dn-sâbpw BtLm-j-§Ä Bcw-`n¨Xv F¶ tNmZywDbÀ¶p hcp-¶p. CXn\v 5þmw \qäm-nÂ Pohn-¨n-cp¶ It¯m-en¡msaXm-\m-bn-cp-¶ Ikn-b³(Cassion)adp-]Sn ]d-bp-¶p-v. At±lw Fgp-Xp-¶p:

“]pcm-X\ k`-I-fpsS Ahn-I-eX Aew-L-\obambn \ne-\n-¶-t¸mÄ t\m¼m-NcWw CÃm-bn-cp-¶p.Bfp -IÄ At¸m-kvX-en -I -ambZnhym-`n-em-j-§Ä \nd-th-äm-Xn-cp-¶-t¸mÄ ]ptcm-ln-X-·mÀ Cl-tem-I-]-c-amb kq£va-X¡v thn HcpImt\m-\nI ]Jym-]-\-¯n-eqsSt\m¼v \S-¸m-¡m-sa¶v Xocp-am-\n-¨p” (Antiquities of the ChristianChurch. Book-21, Chapter - I).

Ikn -bsâ Imew \½psSImes¯ k`m A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsSIme-t¯-¡mÄ ssIkvX-hX-bp-ambn IqSp -XÂ ASp¯-Xm -Wv.At¸m-kvXe-·m-cp -tSbpw ]ucm-WnI k`-I-fp-tSbpw Ime-¯n\vtijw ]ptcm-ln-X-·m-cmWv t\m¼m-N-cWw \S-¸m-¡n-b-sX¶v bmsXmcpkwi-b- n\pw hI \ÂIm- -hn[wAt±lw Xpd-s¶-gp -Xp -¶p. CuBN-c-W-¯n\v Xncp-sh-gp-¯p-Itfmtbip-hn-sâtbm At¸m-kvX-e-·m-cp-sStbm \S-]-Sn-IÄ ]am-Wambnhcp-¶n-Ã. CXv ]pdwPm-Xn-I-fnÂ\n¶pw InkvXp-a-X-¯n-te¡v ]cn-hÀ¯\w sNbvsX¯nb hnizm-kn-Isf ]nSn-¨p-\nÀ¯p-hm³ Dm-¡nb Hcp IrXn¸v amX-amWv.It¯m-en¡m F³ssk-t¢m-]o -Unb ]d-bp-¶p:

“F´p Xs¶-bm-bmepw skâ v

AX-\m-kn-b-knsâ (F.-Un. 351)I¯p-I-fnÂ \n¶pw hyà-ambpwa\-Ên-em-hp-¶-Xv, hnip² s]klmhmc-¯nsâ apt¶m-Sn-bm-bn-s¡mvXsâ \m«p -ImÀ \mev]Xv Znh-ks¯ t\m¼v BN-cn -¨n -cp -¶pF¶m-Wv. cm-a-Xmbn F.-Un. 339ÂAt±lw tdmanepw bq-tdm-¸nsâ aäp`mK-§fn-ep-sa-¯n-b-t¸mÄ At±-l-¯nsâ A[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn-epÅssIkvX-hÀ Cu t\m¼v \nÀ_-Ô-]qÀÆw BN-cn-¡-Wsa¶v FgpXnBhiy-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv”

CuÌÀ F¶ ]Zw Syqt«m-WnIv(PÀ½³) hk-´-tZ-h-X-bmb Ctbm-Ìsdbp (Eostre) sS t]cnÂ \n¶pw\njv]-¶-am-b-Xm-hmw. AsÃ¦nÂSyqt«m-WnIv hk-t´m-Õ-h-ambCuÌypdn (Eastur)Â \n¶pw h¶-Xm -hmw . (The World BookEncyclopaedia. Vo. VI. P. 25).

‘Two Babylons’ F¶ ]pkvX-I -¯nÂ dh. AeIvkm -ÀlntÉm-]v tZh-am-Xm-hn-sâbpw Ah-cpsS ]pX-sâbpw Dev]-¯nsb¸änNÀ¨ sN¿p-¶p-v. (t]-Pv. 20)At±lw Fgp-Xp-¶p.'

“tZh-am-Xm-hns\ hym]-I-ambnBcm-[n-¡m³ Imc-W-ambn hniz-kn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv _m_n-tem-Wn-b-¡mÀBcm -[n -¡p¶ skan -dm - a nk v(Semiramis) F¶ Bcm-[-\m-aqÀ¯n-aq-e-am-Wv. dnb (Rhea) F¶pIqSn\ma-apÅ Cu tZh-am-Xm-hns\ aäpIng-¡³ tZi-¡mcpw Bcm-[n-¡p-¶p. Cu I\y-Im-tZ-h-X¡v ]nd¶]pX -\p -ambn _Ô-s¸« v NneBtLm-j§fpw Dv. BIm-i-tZ-h-X-bmb AYhm hk- - n-tâbpw^e-k-ar-²n-bp-tSbpw tZh-I-\y-I-bmb AÌ-td -änsâ AsÃ-¦nÂCkvXm -d nsâ DÕhw kqcy³AXnsâ ]cn-I-a-W- nÂ hk- -hn-jp-`-cm-in-bn-se-¯n-b-Xn¶v tij-apÅ ]qÀ®-N-µ\v ]ndsI hcp¶Rmb-dm-g vN-bmWv BN-cn -¡p-I.kqcysâ hmÀjnI ]cn-I-a-W-th-f-

14 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

bnÂ BIm-i¯v taS-cm-in-bnÂIpcn-insâ BIr-Xn-bnÂ a[y-tcJIS-¡p-¶p. CXv kqcytZhsâ hnP-b-ambn IW-¡m-¡-s -Sp-¶p. a\p-jy-Ip-es¯ Ccp-«nsâ iàn-I-fnÂ\n¶pw tamNn-¸n-¡-p¶ Xsâ GI-a-I-\mÂ cNn-¡p¶ kqcy-tZ-hsâI\y-Ibmb cmÚn XpSÀ¶v hcp-¶p. AXn-\p-tijw Xsâ ]pXs\hnizm-kn-Isf t\m¡n¸mÀ¡m³BIm-i- n-te-¡-b-¡p-¶p. AXn-\p-tijw BIm-i-¯nse ‘ tajw’AYhm ‘taSw’ (B-Sv) Bbn Ah³amdp -¶p. Cu BtLm-j-amWvNqSpÅ Ipcniv _¬ (Hot CorssBuns) Bbn BtLm-jn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. h«-¯n-epÅ _¬ kqcys\Ipdn-¡p-¶p. AXn-epÅ Ipcn-i-S-bmfw kqcy³ BIm-i¯v Dm-¡p-¶ am´nI NnÓ-am-Wv. Ccp-«nsâiàn-I-fnÂ \n¶pw c£-Is\ c£n-¡p-¶Xv Cu Ipcn-imWv.

CuÌÀ F¶ Nne mj-I-fnse]Z-§Ä ln_p-hnse ‘s]kl’F¶ t]cnÂ \n¶pw h¶-Xm-Wv.kv]m\njv kwkm-cn-¡p¶ P\-§ÄCuÌ-dns\ s]kvIz (Pascua)F¶mWv hnfn-¡m-dv, Cäm-en-b³`mj-¡mÀ CuÌ-dns\ PasquarF¶pw ^©p-ImÀ Pasques F¶pwhnfn-¡p-¶p. CuÌÀ- ]ucm-Wn-I -Im-es¯ ]m-Ir-X-P-\-§-fpsS hk-t´m-Õ-h -Im -e -s¯ \nc -h[nBtLm-j-§-fp-ambn _Ô-ap-Å-Xm-Wv. NneXv s]klm BtLm-j-§-fnÂ \n¶v h¶-Xp-am-Wv (WorldBook of Encyclopaedia Vo. VI P.26). AXp-sImv kqcy-tZ-hsâhnPbw BIm-i-¯nse BSnsâkzm[o\w sImm-sW¶v IW-¡m-¡-s¸-Sp -¶Xv kzm`m -hn -I-am -Wv.A§s\ DbÀ¶p-t]m-Ip¶ c £-Isâ ]Xo-I-ambn BSv NnXo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«p. AXnsâ hgn qtem-I¯v\n¶v BIm-i-t¯-¡p-am-bn. (‘Pa-gan and Christian Creed’ P. 39).

‘Golden Bough’ F¶ ]pkvX-

I-¯nÂ t]kÀ ^nPn-b³, I\y-I-bpsS ]pX-\mb ssZh-a-Is\¡pdn¨v ]Xn -]m -Zn -¨n -cn -¡p -¶p.At±lw Hcp ss]³ ac-¯nÂ Ipcn-in-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw càw hmÀ¶p acn-¡p-I-bp-amWv sNbvX-Xv. Ahsâcàw `qan-sb ^e-`q-bn-jvS-am¡n\ho-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw a\p-jy-hw-i- n\v]pXnb PohnXw ]Zm\w sN¿p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ssZh-]p-X³ acn-¨-h-cpsS CS-bnÂ \n¶v DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶Â¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. t^kÀFgp-Xp-¶p:

""At±-l- nsâ ac-Whpw ]p\-cp-°m-\hpw amÀ¨v 24-þ\v BN-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Ipcn-im-Ir-Xn-bnÂ Dm-¡nb Hcp ss]³ ac-t¯mSv At±-l-¯nsâ ]Xna Iq«n-sI-«p¶p. BZn\s¯ AhÀ ‘cà-¯nsâ Zn\w’F¶mWv hnfn-¡m-dv. B ZnhkwapXÂ Bcm-[-\m-aqÀ¯n càwhmÀs¶m-gpIn acn-¡m³ XpS-§p-¶p.Iqin-X-\mb B cq]w ]n¶oSv IÃ-d-bnÂ sh¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. At¸mÄ]Xo-Im-ß-I-amb hnem-]-§fpw Db-cp-¶p. XpSÀ¶v ZpxJ-saÃmw t]mbnkt´m-j-¯nsâ kpZn-\-amb ]ntä-¶v IÃd iq\y-ambn ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p.amÀ v 25-þ\v DbnÀs -gp-t¶Â¸nsâZn\w BtLm-jn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. CuNS-§p-I-fnÂ càw sImpÅÚm\ kv\m\hpw Xncp-h- m-ghpwIqSn DÄs¸-Sp-¶p.

CuÌÀ Ime¯v ]Ir--Xn-bn-te¡v Xncn-¨p-h-cp¶ \h-tN-X-\sbap« ]Xn -\n -[o -I-cn -¡p-¶p. ap«ssIam-dp¶ k¼-Zmbw ]v ImewapXÂ¡v Xs¶ Dm-bn-cp-¶p. ]pcm-X\ Ime¯v CuPn-]vXp -Imcpwt]Àjy-¡mcpw hk-´-Im-e¯vap«¡v hÀ®--§Ä NmÀ¯n kvt\ln-X-·mÀ¡v D]-lm-c-§-fmbn \ÂIn-bn-cp-¶p. t]Àjy-¡mÀ hnizkn¨n-cp-¶Xv qan Xs¶ hen-sbmcp AÞ-¯nÂ \n¶pw ]nd¶v hoW-Xm-sW¶mbn-cp-¶p. XnXz-kn-²m- ¯nepw ]p\-cp-°m\ hmZ-¯nepw C¯-

c-¯n-epÅ BNm-c§Ä ImWpIkzm`m-hnIw amX-am-Wv. sak-s¸m-t«an-b-bnse InkvXym-\n-I-fmWvhÀ®-a-Sn¨ ap« -IÄ BZy-ambnCuÌ-dn\v D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ XpS-§nb-Xv.

CuÌÀ apb-ensâ (EasterBunny) ]n¶n-epÅ IY Ahn-iz-k-\o -b-sa¶p amX-aÃ `mh\sbt¸mepw A¼-c -¸n -¡p¶Xm-Wv .Úm\-¯nsâbpw hnth-I -¯nsâbpw Dd-hn-S-amb ssZh-¯mÂØm]n-X-am-bXv F¶-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp¶ Hcp aXw C¯cw hnizm-k-§Ä ssIs¡m-Åp-¶Xv AÛp-X-Icw Xs¶! sNdnb Ipªp§ÄCuÌÀ apbÂ CuÌÀ ap«-IÄCSp¶p F¶v hniz -kn -¡p -¶p.hmÀ¯m-am-[ya-§-fpsS ap¼nÂsh¨v sshävluknsâ ]pÂX-In-Sn-bnÂ C¯cw a\p-jy-Ir -X-ambBNm-c-§Ä BËm-Z-Icamb A´-co-£-¯nÂ apXnÀ¶ InkvXym-\n-IÄ ImgvN-sh-¡p-¶p.

World Book of EncyclopaediaFgp-Xp-¶p: ""Cu hnizmkw an¡-hmdpw PÀ½-\n-bnÂ \n¶v h¶-Xm-Im-\mWv km[y-X. Hcp CXn-lmkhnh-cW]Imcw Hcp ]mh-s¸«kvXo £ma Ime¯v ap«-IÄ¡vhÀ®-an-«p-sImv CuÌ-dn\v XsâIpªp-§Ä¡v k½m\w \ÂIm³Hcp ]£n-¡qSnÂ Hfn-¸n-¨psh-¨p.Ip«n-IÄ ]£n-¡qSv Is-¯n-b-t¸mÄ Hcp apbÂ AXnÂ \n¶pwNmSn-t¸m-bn. ]n¶oSv apbÂ ap«-bn«pF¶ IY-bmWv ]N-cn-¨-Xv.''

]p\-cp-°m\w F¶v ]d-b-s¸-Sp¶ kw`hw \S-¶ sPdp-k-te-anÂsh¨m-bn-cpt¶m BZy-ambn CuÌÀBtLm-jn-¨-Xv XoÀ¨-bmbpw AÃm-bn-cn-¡pw. tdma³ BNm-c-§-fmÂkzm[o-\-n¡-s¸« CuPn-]vXnse Ae-Ivkm-nb³ _nj- m-bn-cp¶ AX-\m -knbkv aptJ\ tdma nÂsh¨mbn-cn-¡mw CuÌÀ BtLmjw BZy-ambn \S-¶-Xv. CuÌÀ


amX-a-Ã, CuÌÀ t\m¼p (Lent)k`-bn-te¡v IS-¶p-h-¶Xv tdmanÂsh¨m-Wv. kphn-ti-j-§tfm At¸m-kvX-e-·mtcm Cu BtLmjw \S-¸m-¡n-bn-«n-Ã.

tkmI-«okv kvtImfm-Ìn-¡kv(4þmw \qämv F.-Un.) At±-l-¯nsâ Ecclesiastical History (k-`m-N-cn-Xw) F¶ KÙ-¯nÂ Fgp-Xp-¶p:

“At¸m-kvX-e-·mtcm kphn-ti-j-§tfm CuÌÀ BtLm-jn-¡m³]d-ªn-«n-Ã. Fhn-tSbpapÅ a\p-jy³ BtLm-j-§Ä CjvS-s¸-Sp-¶p. FÃm-bn-S-¯p-apÅ hyàn-IfpwAh-c -h-cpsS BËm-Z -¯n-\mbnAhn-S-§-fn-seÃmw CuÌÀ BtLm-jn-¡p-¶p. c£-I-\m-Is«, At¸m-kvX-e-·m-cm-Is« Cu BtLm-j-¯n\v bmsXmcp \nb-ahpw \nÀt±-in-¨n-«n-Ã. \m«p-\-S-¸-\p-k-cn¨v AXm-Xv]-tZ-is¯ DÕ-hm-tLm-j-§ÄBN-cn-¡p-¶Xv t]mse-bmWv AXp-sImv Cu Ìdpw BtLm-jn-¡p-¶-Xv. AXmXv ]tZ-is¯ ]tXy-I-X-IÄ¡-\p-k-cn¨v AXv BtLm-jn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. At¸m-kvX-e-·m-ÀBcpw Xs¶ AXv \nb-a-hn-t[-b-am-¡n-bn-«n-Ã. AXmbXv Cu BNmcw\nb-a-]-Imcw BhnÀ`-hn-¨-X-Ã.\m«p-\-S-¸n-eqsS h¶p-tNÀ¶-Xm-Wv.hkvXp-X-IÄ AXmWv sXfn-bn-¡p-¶ -X v . (Ecclesiastical HistoryChapt.22)

Cd-tW-hqkv At±-l-¯nsâ]kn-²-amb Fgp-¯n-eqsS \s½Adn-bn-¡p-¶Xv, t\m¼pw CuÌdpwInkvXp-k-` -bnÂ IS-¶p-h-¶XvtdmanÂsh¨v _nj¸v knÌknsâIme-¯m-Wv F¶m-Wv. CuÌÀF¶Xv hk-´-Im-es¯ DÕ-h-am-Wv. AXmWv DbnÀ¸v s]cp-¶mÄBbn BN-cn-¡s¸Sp¶-Xv. cmw\qäm-nsâ a[y-¯nÂ Ing¡pw]Sn-ªm-dp-apÅ k`-IÄ X½nÂCuÌÀ Xn¿-Xnsb kw_Ôn¨vhf-sc-tbsd XÀ¡-§fp-m-bn. Cu

hnj-bs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v s_sZ(Bede) F¶-bmÄ cp hmfy§fpÅ KÙw cNn-¨n-«p-v. Ing-¡³k`-IÄ t\m¼v Ah-km-\n -¸n¨vCuÌÀ BtLmjn-¡p-¶-Xv PqXIe--dnse \nÊm³ amk-¯nse14þmw cmhn-em-Wv. blq-Zn-IfpsSCuPn-]vXnÂ \n¶pÅ ]pd-¸mSv CuZnh-k-¯n-em-b-Xp-sImv B kw`-h-hp-ambn CXns\ _Ôn-¸n-¡p-¶p.]Sn -ªm-d³ k`-IÄ AXns\IzmÀt«m sUkn-a³kv (Quartodecimans) AXm-bXv 14 F¶v hnfn-¨n-cp-¶p. hk-´-hn-jp-`-¯nse ]Xn-\memw cmhv Ignªv Rmb-dmgvNZnh-k-amWv ]mÝm-Xy -k-` -IÄCuÌÀ BN-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Atým-Ky³ k` CuÌÀ hyXykvX Xn¿-Xn -Ifn -emWv BN-cn -¡p -¶ -X v .\nÊm³ amk-¯nse 14-þmw Xn¿-Xn¡v tijw hcp¶ Rmb-dm-gvN-bmWv AhÀ CuÌÀ BtLm-jn-¡p-¶-Xv.

Cu Ah-k-c-¯nÂ (I-t½m-U-knsâ `c-W-¯nÂ G.-Un. 189Â)h¼n¨ Hcp hnhmZw s]m«n-]p-d-s¸-Sp-I-bp-m-bn. ]pcm-X\ BNm-c-]-Imcw AhÀ Nµ-am-k-¯nse ]Xn-\memw Znhkw (\n -Êm³ amk-¯nse ]Xn-\memw ]uÀW-an- Zn-\w)BWv s]klm BtLm-j-§ÄBcw- n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]t£ temI- nÂasäm-cnS¯pw C§s\ BtLm-j-§-fp-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Bb-Xn-\mÂCXv kw_-Ôn¨v NÀ¨ sN¿m³_nj-¸p-am-cpsS kp¶-l-tZmkv hnfn-¨p-Iq-«n. ktkdn-b-bnse _nj¸pXntbm -^n -ekv , sPdp -ktew_nj¸p \mÀkn-kkv, tdmanse_nj¸v hnIvSÀ F¶n-hÀ A²y£X hln-¨p. (History of theChurch by Easebius. Book 5, 23.P 229-230)

NqSp]n-Sn¨ NÀ¨-IÄ¡v tijwtdma³ _nj¸v t]m¸v hnIvSÀ (189G. -Un . ) IzmÀt«m -sU -kn -sa³hnhmZw oj-Wn-s¸-Sp¯n Ah-km-

\n-¸n-¨p. tdma³ BNm-c-hp-ambnkl-I-cn -¡m -¯-hsc k`-bnÂ\n¶pw ]pd-¯m-¡p-sa¶mbn-cp¶pòj-Wn. G.-Un. 325se \nJymIu¬knenÂ CXv kw_-Ôn¨vAń-a-hn-[n-bp-m-bn. \nJym-bnseBZys¯ Iu¬kn-Â \S-¶Xvtdma³ t]m¸nsâ ImÀ½n-I-Xz-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶nÃ. adn v tIm¬Ìâ-bn³NI-hÀ¯n-bpsS B[n-]-Xy-¯n-em-bn-cp -¶p. t]mn^v anIvkn-akvF¶ At±-l-¯nsâ ]c-tam-¶X]Zhn D]-tbm-Kn¨v ]men-t¡Nne Iao-I-c-W-§Ä GÀs¸-Sp-¯n.Cu Iao-I-c-W-§-fnÂ IntÌm-knsâ AYhm InkvXp-hnsâ P·-Zn\w \ntamZv anXbpsS P·-Zn\wA¶mWv tIm¬Ìâ-bn³ AXns\FIvkv-þ-amkv F¶p t]cp-hn-fn-¨p.

kqcy- -K-hmsâ GXv Znh-k- n-emWv CuÌÀ BN-cn-¡-s¸-tS--sX¶pw At±lw \nÝ-bn-¨p. tbip-hnsâ A²ym-]-\-]-Im-c-apÅ GI-ssZ-h-¯n\p ]Icw XnXz-¯nÂGIXzw F¶ \ntam-Znsâ anXm-bn-k-¯nse A²ym-]-\-§-fmWv At±lw \S-¸m-¡n-b-Xv. _ln-jvI-cWw\S¸m-¡n-bXv aqew CuÌÀ Zn-\m-N-c-W-¯nÂ GtIm-]-\-an-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p.

Ckq-_nbkv hopw Fgp-Xp¶p:

""]v t]mfn-Im-äknsâ ImewapXÂ X§Ä BN-cn-¨p-h-cp-¶ HcpBtLm-js¯¸än Gjy³ _nj¸v Hcp I¯n-eqsS tdma³ _nj¸vhnIvS-dns\ Adn-bn-¡p-Ibp-m-bn.hnIvSÀ tdma³ NÀ¨nÂ B BtLmjw Bcw-`n-¡m³ t]mhp-I-bm-Wv.k·mÀ¤-\n-jvT-tbm-Sp-IqSn R§-fpsS mK¯v \n¶v Cu Zn\w BN-cn-¡p-¶p. bmsXmcp Iq«n-t¨À¡epwIpd-¡epw IqSmsX”. t]mfnIm-äkvs]k-lm-Zn-\w ]Xn-\memw Zn\-ambnBN-cn-¨-Xn\v \nc-h[n cà-km-£n-I-fp-sSbpw k`m-]n-Xm-¡-·m-cp-tSbpwt]cp-IÄ D-²-cn-¡p-¶pv. kphn-ti-j-]-Imcw (tbm-l-¶m³ 12:1þ12

16 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

hsc-bpÅ hN-\-§Ä ImWn-¡p-¶Xv, Iqio-I-cWw s]k-lm-Zn-\-¯n-emWv \S-¶-sX-¶m-Wv. AXv\nkm³ amkw 14-þ\v BWv Ft¸mgpw BN-cn-¡-s -Sp-¶Xv. AWp amX-t]mepw hyXn-N-en-¡msX hnizm-k-\n-b-a-§Ä ]men-¡p-I-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv. Ahkm-\-ambn t]mfn-Im-ä-kvF¶p hnfn -¡-s¸-Sp¶ Rm\pwGähpw Ipd-ªXv \n§-sf-Ãm-hcpwFsâ IpSpw-_-¯nsâ ]mc-¼-cy-]-Imcw ]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p. R§-fpsSIpSpw-_-¯nse _nj-¸p-am-cmb 7t]cpw Rm\-S¡w 8 t]À Cu Zn\wBN-cn-¡p¶p. IÀ¯m-hnsâ ipiq-j-bnÂ Ignª 65 hÀjw Ign-bp-Ibpw temI-¯pÅ \nc-h[n P\-§sf InkvXp-a-X-¯n-te¡v ]cn-hÀ¯\w sN¿n-¡p-Ibpw Xncp-h-N-\-§Ä i²m-]qÀÆw A\p-[m-h\wsN¿p -¶ -hcp -am -Wv R§-fpsSIpSpw_w. (The History of Churches - Book 5. 14:1)

At±-l-t¯m-sSm-¸-apÅ _nj-¸p-am-sc-¡p-dn¨pw Xsâ A`n-]mbw]¦n-Sp¶hsc-¡p-dn¨pw ]cm-aÀin¨vAt±lw Fgp-Xp-¶p:

‘Fsâ IqsS \nÂ¡p-¶-hcpwXm¦-fpsS At]-£-]-Imcw Fsâhnfn¡p¯cw sNbvX-h -cp -amb_nj-¸p-am-cpsS t]cv F\n¡v Fgp-Xp-hm³ Ign-bpw. Rm³ Ah-cpsSt]sc-gp-Xp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ B enÌvhfsc \o-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw. AhÀFsâ I¯v AwKo-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.’

"AXnsâ ^e-ambn Cu P\-Iob tdma³ k`-bpsS Xe-h-\mbhnIvSÀ Gjy³ cq]-X-IsfbpwAbÂ]¡ cq]-X-I-sfbpw apgp-h³Hä-b-Sn¡v hnizmk hn]-co-X-¯nsât]cnÂ Hä-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bp-m-bn.Ahn-sS-bpÅ FÃm InkvXo-b-scbpw At±lw A]-e-]n-¨p-sImp Is¯-gp-Xn. ]t£ aäv _nj-¸p-am-cpsS \ne-]mSv CXm-bncp¶n-Ã.hnI vS - d ns\ CXnsâ t]cnÂXm¡oXv sNbvX aäp _nj-¸p-am-sc-

¡p-dn¨pw \ap-¡n-¶-dn-bmw. Ah-cnÂs -«-bm-fmWv Cd-\m-hq-kv. Kmhq-fnse At±-l-¯nsâ InkvXobkaq-l-¯n-\p-thn Cd-\m-hqkvFgp-Xn:

""XÀ¡w Znh-ks¯¡pdn¨pamX-aÃ BtLm-j-¯nsâ kz`m-hs¯¡pdn-¨p-apv. A¯-c-¯n-epÅ hyXym-k-§Ä \½psS Ime¯v Bcw-`n-¨-X-Ã. \½psS ]qÀÆn-I-cpsS Ime¯v Bcw-`n-¨-Xm-Wv.AhÀ C¯cw Imcy-§-fnÂ henbIWn-i-X-sbm¶pw ]men-¨n-cp-¶nÃ.AhÀ Hcp kabw \nÝ-bn-¡pIamX-amWv sNbvX-Xv.

Bb-Xn-\mÂ t\m¼v Nne Znh-k-§-fnÂ \op-\nÂ¡p-¶p. Ht¶mctm Znhkw AsÃ-¦nÂ NneBgvN-IÄ \op-\nÂ¡mw. ]mc-¼-cy-ambn AXns\ \mÂ¸Xv Znh-ks¯ BtLm-j-§Ä F¶mWvhnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. _m_n-tem-Wn-b-bnÂ 4000 hÀj-§Ä¡v apt¼ CXvBtLm-jn- p-h-cp-¶p. (Ninevah andBabylon Ch 4. P. 93).

InkvXp-hn\v tijw F«mw\qämv hsc AbÀev apXÂGjym-ssa-\À hsc-bpÅ k -I-fnÂ40 Z nh -k -ambn AXv \nP -s¸ -Sp¯nbncp--¶n-Ã.

Cu XÀ¡-§sf kw_-Ôn¨pwAh F§s\ ]cn-jvIr-X-ambn F¶-Xn-s\-¡p-dn¨pw kPo-h-amb HcpNnXw ]Þn-X\mb _oUv \ÂIp-¶p-v. t\mÀ¯pw-¼nb bnepÅ(Northumbria) cmP-Ip-Spw_w CXp-kw -_Ôn -¨pÅ A`n - ]m -b -hy -Xymkw aqew ]nf-cp-I-bp-m-bn.cmÚn tdma³ BNm-c -¯ntâ]£w ]nS n -¨ - t¸mÄ cmPmh vsIÂänIv (Celtic) shÂjv, tKbvenIv, sFdnjv, kvtIm«p F¶o-hn`m-K-§Ä hnh:) coXn-bmWv Xnc-sª-Sp -¯-Xv. At±lw AXv hnh-cn -¡p¶p:

‘cmPmhv t\m¼v Ah-km-\n- n vCuÌÀ sImm-Sp-t¼mÄ cmÚn

bpw ]cn-hm-c-§fpw t\m¼n-em-bn-cn-¡pw’ .

Hcp IpSpw-_s¯ \in-¸n-¡m³CXv [mcmfw aXn-b-tÃm. ]iv\w]cn-l-cn-¡m³ hn\v-_-bnÂ cmPmhvG.-Un. 664Â Hcp tbmKw hnfn-¨p-Iq-«n. Ah-km\w Ccp-Iq-«cpw tdma³BNmcw AwKo-I-cn-¡m³ Xocp-am-\-am-bn. (Bede - A History of En-glish Church and People) ]´mw \qäm-p-hsc Ing-¡³ k`-bnse HIvtSbvhv (F-«p-\mÄ IqSn-h-cp¶ \mÄ) Hcp CuÌÀ hnip-²-Zn-\-am-bn-cp-¶p. C¡m-e¯v CuÌÀXn¦-fm-gvNbpw CuÌÀ shÅnbm-gvNbpw hnip² Zn\-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡s¸Sp-¶n-Ã.

Cdm-kÀ (Erazer) Xsâ GoldenBough F¶ ]pkvX-I- nÂ FtUm-bn³ (Adoin) tZh-X-bpsS DÕ-h-§fpw ]mIr-X tKmXm-Nm-c-ambCuÌÀ BtLm-j-§fpw X½nÂXmc-Xayw sN¿p-¶p-v. At±lwFgp-Xp-¶p:

‘FÃm BNm-c-§-fpw... IÃ-d,[m\yw IpXnÀ¡p¶ ]mXw FÃmwXs¶ t]cn\p amX-amWv amäw. Ch-sbÃmw FtUm-bn³ Bcm-[\-bpsSA\p-I-cWw amX-am-Wv., CXv knkn-e-b³ BNm-ctam Iem-_vdn-b³BNm-ctam AÃ. FtUm-bn³ tZh-X-bpsS DÕ-hm-tLm jw amX-amWv’.

dpKvZ ]mIrX tKmX-hn-izm-k-§Ä hfsc hnZKv[-ambn F§s\k`m-hn-izm-k-§-fp-ambn Iq«n-¡-eÀ¯n F¶v \mw Nn´n-¡p-t¼mÄAÛp-X-s¸-«p-t]m-Ipw. acn¨ tbipDbnÀs¯gp-t¶äp F¶ sXämbhnizmkw t]mse Hcp hnizmkwFtUm-bn-\p-I-fpsS ]mIrX hnizm-k-¯n-ep-apv (Golden Bough -400).

CuPn-]vXn-sebpw ]Sn-ªm-d³Gjy-bn-sebpw Hkn-dnkv (Osiris)X½n (Tammy) FtUm -bn³(Adoin), Aänkv (Attis) apX-emb


JmZn-bm-\nse lkvd¯v anÀkmKpemw AlvaZ v ssZh -¯nsâbYmÀ°-¯n-epÅ kXy--hm-\mbHcp ktµi-hm-l-I³ amX-a-Ã,FÃm apkvenwIÄ¡pw apgp-h³temI-¯n-\p-apÅ bYmÀ° ktµ-i-hm-l-I-\m-bn-cp-¶p.’’

D]-kw-lmcw

tbip Ipcn -inÂ acn -¨n - « n -sÃ¶pw kpZoÀL-amb ]hmkPohn-X-¯n\p tijw kzm`m-hnIacWw ]m]n-¨p-sh¶pw At±-l-

¯nsâ uXnI icocw Iivao-cnseio\-K-dnÂ AS¡w sN-bvXn -«p -s¶pw ]am-W-bpàw hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambn lkvd¯v AlvaZv (A)sXfn-bn-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. B[p-\nIss[j-WnI temI-¯nsâ InkvXp-hns\ kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ At\z-j-W-§Ä F¯n \nÂ¡p-¶Xv lkvd vAlvaZn (A)sâ Kth-jW hoYn-bn-em-Wv. A§s\ Hcp alm-kXywa\p-jy-a-\-Êp-I-fnÂ ]pe-scmfnhoin-¯p-S-§p-I-bm-Wv.

lkvd¯v AlvaZv (A) FgpXn:

(-9 ˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v XpS¿®) “kXy-¯n-te¡v a\pjy-a-\-Êp-Isf B\-bn-¡m-\p-Å Hu¶XywkzÀ¤-¯n-\p-v. ]cn-ip-²-§-fmbBßm-¡Ä¡p-taÂ amem-J-·mÀCd§nsb-¯p-¶p. bqtdm -¸nsehnZzÂ ][m-\n-I-fpsS a\-Êp-IÄCu hgn-¡sX Xncn-ªp-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. XnXz-t¯mSv hnS-tbm-Xn-¡-gn-ªn-cn-¡Ww _p²n-am-·mÀ. ssZh-¯nsâ GI-Xz-¯nsâ CÑ¡vX§-fpsS Poh³ _en -Zm\w\ÂIpI-bm-W-hÀ” (_-dm-los\AlvaZn-¿m).

klm-bhpw ssZh-¯nsâ mK-¯p-\n¶v hmKvZm\w sN¿s¸«-t¸mgpwaqkm-\_n Nne XS-Ê-hm-Z-§ÄD¶-bn-¨p. “AÃtbm Fsâ c£n-Xmth, Rm³ hmKvan-Xz-ap-Å-h-\-Ã.F\n¡v kwkm-c-ssh-I-ey-ap-” .aqkm (A)bpw lmdq\pw (A) nÀ-Hus\ `b-s¸-«n-cp-¶p-sh¶v JpÀ-B³ ]d-bp-¶p. (20:46).

tbip Xsâ Ime-L«¯nsâtdma³ c-Wm-[n-Im-cnsb Hcn-¡epwA`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXn-cp-¶n-Ã.tbip (-A) Pohn¨ ]tZ-is¯`cWm[n-Im-c-ap-m-bn-cp¶ sltdm-Znsâ ASp-¡Â sImp-h-¶-t¸mÄ`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-tbmSp kXy]t_m-[\w \S-¯n-bnÃ. FX-t¯m-f-sa-

¶mÂ, sltdmZv tbip-hn-t\mSpkXyadn-bm³ BKlw ]I-Sn-¸n-¨n«pw At±lw H¶pw Dcn-bm-Sn-bn-Ã F¶v ss__nÄ ]d-bp -¶p.‘sltdm-tZmhv tbip-hns\ In«pAXy[nIw kt´m-jn-¨p. Ahs\¡pdn¨p tI«n-cp-¶Xv sImv Ahs\ ImWm³ hf-sc-¡m-e-ambn CÑn-¨p. Ah³ hÃ AS-bm-fhpw sN¿p-¶-Xp-Im-Wmw F¶v Bin-¨n-cp¶p.hf-sc-tbsd tNmZn-¨n«pw Ah³ Ah-t\mSp D¯-c-sam¶pw ]d ªnÃ’(23:8). ss__nÄ hymJym-Xm-¡-fmb InkvXy³ ]WvUnX-·m-cpsSA`n-]m-b-]-Imcw tbip H¶pw ]d-bm-Xn-cp¶-Xnsâ ImcWw ‘sltdmZvkXyw a\-Ênem¡p-Itbm A\p-k-cn-¡p-Itbm sN¿n-sÃ¶v tbip-hn-¶-

dn-bm-am-bn-cp¶p’ F¶m-Wv.

lkvd¯v AlvaZnsâ (A)Cu D-Öz-e-amb ssZhnI ZuXy- nvsâ amXrI alm-\mb lkvd¯vdkqÂ Ico (k) anÂ amXta \ap¡p ImWm³ km[n¡q. tdma³ t]Àjy³ kam-«p-I-tfmSv ssZh-¯n\vIog-S-§p-hm³ At±lw A`yÀ°n¨p.

F¶n«pw Nne iXp -¡Älkvd¯v AlvaZv (A) _n«o-jpImtcmSv kwkm-cn-t¡n h¶kµÀ`-§-fnÂ at\m-_-e-an-ÃmsXAh-tcmSp hnt[-bXzw ImWn¨pF¶v lo\-kz-c- nÂ Btcm-]-W-ap-¶-bn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.(auem\m F.-BÀ. ZÀZnsâ Life ofAhmad F¶ ]pkvX-I-¯nÂ \n¶v)

(-11 mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)

t]cp-IÄ hÀjm-hÀj-§-fn-epÅkky \mit¯bpw tNX\ \m¼n-Sp-¶-Xn-t\bpw kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p. ]tXy-In¨v kky-e-Xm-Zn-I-fpsS \mihpw hfÀ¨-bpw. ImcWw AhÀAXns\ hÀj-¯nÂ acn-¡p-IbpwPohn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ tZh-X-I-fmbn ImWp-¶p. FtUm-bn³ Bcm-[\ _m_n-tem-Wnb, kndnb F¶n-hn-S-§-fnse skan-än¡v P\XbpsSBcm-[-I-fmWv. AXv Ko¡p-ImÀ_n.-kn. 7mw \qäm-nÂ ISw hm§p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. AhÀ hkn-¨n-cp¶ \K-c-¯nsâ bYmÀ° t]cvXmaqkv F¶m-bn-cp-¶p. FtUm-bn³

F¶ skanänIv P\X ssZhs¯_lp-am -\ -]p -c -Êcw hnfn -¡p¶XmWv FtUm³ F¶ -\m-aw. Cu_lp-am-\-\maw Ko¡p-ImÀ HcpkÀÆ-\m-a -ambn sXän -²-cn -¡p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv.' (P.378) hopwAt±lw XpS-cp-¶p:

‘FtUm-bn-\p-I-fpsS Zpc´-I-Y-I-fpw hnem]§fpw Ko¡v Fgp-¯p-Im-cnÂ \n¶pw Fk-¡n-tbÂ ]hm-N-Isâ hnh-c-W-§-fnÂ \n¶pw\ap¡v \ÃXpt]mse a\-Ên-em-¡m³ km[n-¡pw. sPdp-k-te-anseBcm-[-\m-e-b-¯nse ]Sn-ªmtdtKm]p-c-hm-Xn-enÂ Hcp XmX-½qkv

h\nX hne-]n-¡p-¶Xv ImWp¶Xmbn ]d-bp-¶p-v’

InkvXp-aXw AXnsâ ]Nm-c-W-]-hÀ¯\¯n\n-S-bnÂ \nc-h[nP\-Xsb ]cn-hÀ¯\w sN¿p-I-bp-m-bn. Cu ]In-b-bnÂ AXmXvtKmX-§-fpsS ]mIr-X-hn-izm-k§fp-ambn kÔn-sN-¿p-Ibpw B hnizm-k§-sfÃmw kz´-ambn kzmwio-I-cn¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A§s\]pXp-hn-izm-kn-IÄ¡v X§-fp-sS hnizmkw IqSp-XÂ kzmZn-jvShpw BkzmZyhp-am¡n. ]mÝm-Xy-k` Ah-cpsS Bcm-[-\m-I-a-§-fnÂ C¯cwISw-hm-§-ep-IÄ \S¯nbn«pv.

n

n

n

18 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

kvXp-a-X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-

c-amb hnizm-k-ß-fn-sem∂v

Ah-cpsS ]m] ]cn-lmc kn

≤m-¥-am-Wv. BZn-a-\p-jy-\mb BZmw

]m]w sNbvXpsh∂pw B ]m]w P\n-

XI ]mc-ºcyw t]mse Xe-ap-d-I-

fnte°v kwI-an®v a\p-jy-hwiw apgp-

h\pw ]m]n-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p-sh∂pw

P\n-°p∂ Hmtcm iniphpw P∑\m

]m]n-bm-sW-∂p-amWv InkvXp-a-X-

Ønse ]m] k¶-ev]w. AXn-\p-

tijw a\p-jy-Ip-esØ Cu P∑-]m-

]-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-

\mbn ssZhw Aøm-bncw h¿j-°mew

ImØn-cp-∂p.- ]n∂oSv Ah≥ Xs‚

GI-PmX ]pX-\mb tbip-hns\

`qanbn¬ a\p-jy-cq]w sImSp-Øb-®p-

sh∂pw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn-

s‚bpw ]m]-`mcw At±-l-Øns‚

Xe-bn-te‰n \nc-]-cm-[nbpw \n¿t±m-jn-

bp-amb A-t±-lsØ Ip-cn-in-te‰n h[n-

®p-sh∂pw Aßs\ At±-l-Øns‚

Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-

h¿°v ]m]-tam-N-\hpw tam£hpw

e`n-°p-sa∂p-amWv ]m] ]cn-lmc

kn≤m-¥w.

_p≤n°pw bp‡n°pw k\m-X\

\oXn°pw tbmPn -°mØ Cu

hnizmkw ss__n-fns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ Ah

]q¿∆m-]c sshcp-≤y-ßƒ sIm≈p

∂Xmbn t_m≤y-s∏-Spw. Hcmƒ

]m]w sNøpIbpw AXn-\p≈ in£

as‰m-cmsfs°m≠v A\p-`-hn-∏n-°p-

Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv [m¿ΩnI

bp‡n°v \nc-°m-Ø-Xm-sW∂v amX-

a√ Akw-K-Xhpw A¿∞ iq\yhp

amsW∂v ss__nƒ Xs∂ hnfn-t®m-

Xp-∂p. Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ NphsS

tN¿°mw.1 ""sbtlm-h-bpsS Acp-f-∏m

Sp F\n-°p-≠m-b-sX-s¥-∂m¬ A∏-

∑m¿ ]®ap¥n-cnßm Xn∂p a°-fpsS

]√p-]p-fn®p F∂p \nßƒ bnkm-

tb¬ tZiØv Hcp ]g-s©m√p ]d-

bp-∂-sX¥v? .......... ]m]w sNøp∂

tZln acn°pw'' (sb-sl-kvtI¬

18:1˛4)

2. ""]m]w sNøp∂ tZln acn-°pw.

aI≥ A∏s‚ AIrXyw hln-t°-≠.

A∏≥ aIs‚ AIr-Xyhpw hln-

t°≠. \oXn-ams‚ \oXn Ahs‚

taepw ZpjvSs‚ ZpjvSX Ahs‚

taepw Ccn-°pw''. (sb-sl-tkvI¬

18:20)

3. ""Hmtcm-cp-Ø∂pw Ah-\-hs‚

]hr-Øn-Iƒ°p≈ hn[n D≠m-Ipw.''

(sh-fn-∏mSv 20:13)

4. ""BI-bm¬ \Ωn¬ Hmtcm-cp-

Øcpw ssZh-tØmSp IW°v t_m[n-

-∏n-t°-≠n-h-cpw.'' (tdm-a¿ 14:12)

5. ""shdn-°q-Øp-I-fnepw aZy-]m-\-

Ønepw [¿Ω-hn-cp-≤-amb hnK-lm-cm-

[-\-bnepw \S∂p PmXn-IfpsS CjvSw

]h¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v Imew t]m°n-

bXv aXn.... Pohn-I-sfbpw acn-®-h-

scbpw \ymbw hn[n-∏m≥ Hcp-ßn-bn-

cn-°-∂h∂v Ah¿ IW°p t_m[n-

∏n-t°-≠n-h-cpw.'' (1 ]sXmkv 4:3˛-5).

A-Xm-bXv hn[n \mfn¬ Hmtcm

Bflm-hn\pw AXns‚ I¿Ω-Øn-

\p≈ hn[n \S-∏n-em°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.

ss__nƒ ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬

\n∂pw ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap-

≈ ]kvXpX D≤-c -Wn -Ifn¬

\ns∂√mw hy‡-am-Ip-∂Xv Hmtcm

a\p-jy∂pw Ahs‚ I¿Ω-Øn-∂-\p-

kr-X-amb ]Xn-^ew e`n-°p-∂-Xm-

sW-∂m-Wv. F∂√msX ]m]w Hcmƒ

sNøp-Ibpw AXns‚ in£ as‰m-

cmƒ A\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-

√. tPmk^ns‚ hb-dp-th-Z-\°v

tPm¨ acp∂p tkhn-®m¬ tPmk-

^ns‚ hbdpthZ\ kpJ-s∏-Sp-∂-X-

√-t√m.

F∂m¬ InkvXym-\nIfpsS ]m]

]cn-lmc kn≤m-¥w, tPmk v sIme-

°p‰w sN-bvXm¬ tPmWn\p ac-W-

in£ \¬Ip-∂Xn\p Xpey-am-Wv.

C∂sØ InkvXob hnizm-k-

Øns∂Xn-cmb ss__n-fns‚ ta¬-

hn-h-cn-°s∏´ kn≤m-¥-ßsf hnip-≤-

]m]hpw ]cn-lm-chpw

hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-s‚bpw ss__n-fn-s‚bpw

A≤ym-]-\-ßsf∏‰n Hcp Xmc-X-ay -]-T\w

apl-ΩZv Da¿ F®v. F

In

teJ\w


Jp¿-B\pw A\p-Iq-en-°p-∂p.

AXm-b-Xv, 1. ""Hmtcm Bflmhpw

kºm-Zn-°p∂Xns‚ DØc-hm-ZnXzw

B Bflm-hn\p Xs∂-bm-Wv. `mcw

hln-°p∂ Bcpw Xs∂ as‰m-cm-fpsS

(]m-]) mcw hln-°p-∂n-√. ]n∂oSp

\nß-fpsS a-S°w \nßfpsS \mYs‚

ASp°te°v Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw''.

(6:165)

2. ""\nßƒ \∑ sNøp∂ ]£w

\nß-fpsS Bflm-°ƒ°p Xs∂-

bmWv \nßƒ \∑ sNøp-∂-Xv. C\n

\nßƒ Xn∑-bmWv ]h¿-Øn-°p-∂-

sX-¶n¬ AXns‚ tZmj-^-ehpw

AXn\p Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw.'' (17:8)

3. ""`mcw Npa-°p∂ Hcmfpw a-s‰m-

cm-fpsS `mcw Npa-°p-I-bn-√.'' (39:8,

53:39)

4. ""Ah-cp -sS-sbms° aS°w

\ΩpsS ASp-°-te°p Xs∂-bm-Wv.

Ah-cpsS (k¬°¿Ω Zpjv°¿Ω-ß-

fpsS) IW°v hnNm-c-Wbpw \ΩpsS

_m[y-X X-s∂.'' (88:26,27)

""Xs‚ Ipcn-si-SpØp Fs∂ A\p-

K-an-°m-Ø-h≥ F\n°v tbmKy-\-√.''

(a-Ømbn 10:38) F∂ tbip-hns‚

A≤ym]-\hpw Hmtcm Bfpw Xm≥

sNøp∂ I¿Ω-Øn-\p-Ø-c-hm-Zn-bm-bn-

cn°pw F∂v hnfn-t®m-Xp-∂p.

a-\p-jys‚ ]m]-tam-N-\-Øn-∂mbn

ss__nfpw hnip-≤-J¿-B\pw \mep

Imcy-ßfmWp-]tZ-in-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-

b-Xv, hnizm-kw, k¬°¿Ωw, ]m]-

ß-fn¬ \n∂pw AI∂p \n¬°p-I

ssZhm-\p-K-l-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I. ]m]

]cn-lmc kn≤m-¥-ambn ss__nfpw

Jp¿-B\pw Cu \mep ASn-ÿm-\-X-

Xz-ß-fmWv \n¿t±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

]kvXpX c≠p thZKŸ-ß-fn-

sebpw Cu A≤ym-]-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v

\ap-°n-hnsS Hcp Xmc-Xay ]T\w \S-

Ømw.

1. hnizmkw

a\p-jy\v ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂pw ap‡n

t\Sp-∂-Xn\v hnizmkw hfsc Bh-

iy-am-sW∂v C©o¬ ]d-bp-∂p.

-At∏m-kvX-e-\mb ]utemkv

F_-mb¿s°-gp-Xnb teJ-\-Øn¬

]q¿∆-Ime ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°pw aX-t\-

Xm-°ƒ°pw e`n® al-Ømb t\´-

ß-sfbpw hnP-b-ß-sfbpw Ipdn®v

]Xn-]m-Zn -®p-sIm≠v AXn-\p≈

ImcWw Ah-cpsS ZrV-hn-izm-k-am-

sW∂p ImWn-°p-∂p. C©o-ense

G_m-b¿ ]Xn-s\m-∂mw A≤ym

bØn¬ H∂p apX¬ \mev]Xv hsc-

bp≈ hN-\-ß-fn¬ lm_n¬, lt\m-

°v, \qlv, C_m-low, aqkm, Zmhq-Zv,

kpsse-am≥ F∂o alm-flm -

°sf°pdn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-sIm≠v

C]-Imcw hnh-cn-°p-∂p:

""hnizm-k-Øm¬ Ah¿ cmPy-ßsf

Pbn-®-S-°n. \oXn \S-Øn. hmKvZm\w

]men-®p. knwl-ß-fpsS hmb AS-®p.

XobpsS _ew sISpØn. hmfns‚

hmbv°p sX‰n. _e-lo-\-X-bn¬ i

‡n-]m-]n®p. bp≤-Øn¬ hoc-∑m-

cmbnØo¿∂p. A\y-∑m-cpsS ssk\y-

ßsf HmSn®p'' (F_m.11:33 -35) XpS

¿∂p hnizm-k-an-√m-Ø-h¿°v A\p- -hn-

t°-≠n-h∂ Zpcn-X-ß-sf-°p-dn®p ]d-

bp-∂p:

""thsd Nne¿ ]cn-lm-kw, NΩ´n,

Nße Ch-bm-ep≈ ]co£ A\p- -

hn-®p. It√dp G‰p. Cu¿® hmfm¬

Adp-°-s∏-´p. ]co-£n-°-s∏-´p.

hmfm¬ sIm√-s∏- p.''

(F-_-mb¿, A≤ymbw 11)

]kvXpX D≤-c-Wn-bn¬ \n∂pw

]p¿∆-Ime ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw A-hcpsS

A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw tam£w ]m]n-®n-

cp∂Xv Ah-cpsS hnizmkw

\nanØambn-cp-∂p F∂p ImWmw.

B ImeØv tbip-hns‚ Ip-cnip

kw`hw \-S-∂n-cp∂n-√. tbip-hns‚

Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Ø-n¬ hniz-kn-®X-Xp-

sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√ Ah¿°v tam£w

]m]n-°m≥ km[n-®n-cp-∂Xv.

tbml-∂m≥ 6:48 ¬ tbip

InkvXp Acpƒ sNøp\-∂p: ""Rm≥

\nß-tfmSp ]d-bp-∂p. ""hniz-kn-°p-∂-

h\v \nXy Poh≥ D≠v''

""\ns‚ hnizmkw \ns∂ c£n-®n-

cn-°p-∂p''-sh∂v tbip Hcp Ipcp-S-

t\mSp ]d-™-Xmbn eqt°mkv 18:42

¬ ]d-bp∂p.

Cu hnizmkw GI ssZh-Øn¬

A[n-jvTn-X-am-sW∂v ss__n-fnse

]gb \nb-ahpw ]pXnb \nb-ahpw hnfn-

t®m-Xp∂p. t\m°pI, Bh¿Ø\w

6:4-˛5, ]p-d∏mSv 20:2˛5, sbi-ømhv

45:5˛6, 46:9, am¿t°mkv 12:29,30, tbm-

l-∂m≥ 17:3

Npcp-°-Øn¬ tam£]m]vXn°v

G‰hpa-[nIw \nZm\-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv

hnizm -k-amsW∂v ss__nƒ

hnfnt®m-Xp-∂p.

hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Acpƒ sNøp-

I-bm-Wv:

""ssZh- -‡-cmb hnizm-knIƒ \n

\°ndßn-b-Xnepw \n\°v apºv Cd-

ßn-b-Xnepw ]nev°m-e-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip-∂-

Xnepw ZrVhnizmk-ap-≈-h-cm-Wv.

Ah¿ Xs∂-bmWv XßfpsS \mY-

\n¬ \n∂pw c£mam¿§w e`n-®-h¿;

Ah¿ Xs∂-bmWv tam£w ]m]n-®-

h¿'' (kqd: A¬_-Jvd 5)

2. k¬°¿Ω-ßƒ

tam£-]m-]vXn°pw ]m]-tam-N-\-

Øn-\p-ambn ss__nfpw hnip-≤-Jp¿-

B\pw \n¿t±-in-°p∂ c≠m-asØ

am¿§w k¬°¿Ω-ß-fm-Wv.

C©o¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWpI,

""ktlm-Z-c-∑mtc, Hcp-Ø≥ X\n°v

hnizm -k-ap -s≠∂v ]d-bp -Ibpw

]hrØn-Iƒ C√m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXm¬ D]-Im-c-sa¥v? B hnizm-

k-Øm¬ Ah≥ c£ ]m]n-°ptam?''

(tbm-l-∂m≥ 2:14)

At∏m-kvX-e-\mb ]utemkv

sX sem\nIy¿°v Fgp-Xnb H∂mw

teJ-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p.

""ktlm-Zc-∑mtc, Rßƒ \nß

sf ]t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. -Iaw sI´-

hsc _p≤n-bp-]-tZ-in-∏n≥, Dƒ-°-cp-

Øn-√m-Ø-hsc ss[cy-s∏-S-Øp-hn≥.

20 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

_e-lo-\sc Xmßp-hn≥. F√m-h-

tcmSpw Zo¿L-£a ImWn-∏n≥. Bcpw

Xn∑°v ]Icw Xn∑ sNømXn-cn-∏m≥

t\m°phn≥. XΩnepw F√mhtcmSpw

Ft∏mgpw \∑ sNbvXp sIm≠n-cn-

∏n≥. Ft∏mgpw kt¥m-jn-∏n≥. CS-

hn-SmsX ]m¿∞n-∏n≥.'' (1. sX -sem-

\o-Iy¿ 5:14˛16)

tam£]m]vXn-°mbn kXy-hn-izm-

k-Øn\v tijw k¬°¿ΩØns‚

Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn®v C©n-eo¬

[mcmfw hN-\-ßƒ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.

hnip-≤-Jp¿B\pw CtX A≤ym-

]\w Xs∂bmWv \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

hnip -≤ -Jp¿ -B≥ Acpƒ

sNøp∂p:

""Xo¿®-bmbpw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw

kev°¿Ω-ßƒ sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-h¿°v kz¿§-Ønse DZym\-ßƒ

Xmak ÿe-ambn e`n-°p∂-Xm-Wv.''

(18:108)

HcnSØv A√mlp Acpƒ

sNøp∂p:

""hniz-kn-®-h-tc, thZ-\m-P-I-\-amb

in£-bn¬ \n∂v \nßsf c£n-°p∂

Hcp hym]m-c-sØ-°p-dn®v Rm≥

\nßƒ°v Adnhp \¬I-s´tbm?''

""\nßƒ A√m-lp-hnepw Ahs‚

ZqX-\nepw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw A√m-

lp-hns‚ am¿§-Øn¬ \nß-fpsS

[\w sIm≠pw \nß-fpsS Poh≥

sIm≠pw Xoh-bXv\w sNøp∂-Xm-

WXv. \nßƒ Adn-bp-s∂-¶n¬ AXv

\nßƒ°p KpW-I-c-am-Wv.

""(A-]-Imcw sNbvXm¬) \nß-

fpsS ]m]-ßƒ Ah≥ \nßƒ

s]mdpØp XcnIpw Xmtgm-c-Øp-IqsS

Acp-hn-Iƒ H-gp-Ip∂ DZym-\-ßfnepw

imizX hmk-Øn-\p≈ DZym\-ß-fn¬

ÿnXn sN-øp-∂ ]cn-ip-≤-amb h-\-

ß-fnepw \nßsf Ah≥ ]th-in-∏n-

°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. AXsX al-Øm-b-

hnP-bw.'' (61:11, 12, 13) ho≠pw Acpƒ

sNøp-∂p:

""hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw k¬°¿Ω-

ßƒ sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXhtcmSp

Ah¿°v ]m]-s∏m-dp-Xnbpw a-lØmb

]Xn-^-ehpw Ds≠∂v A√mlp

hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.'' (5:10)

3. Zpjv°¿Ω-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

hn´p \n¬°p-I

tam£]m]vXn-°mbn ss_ _nfpw

hnip≤ Jp¿-B\pw \¬Ip∂ as‰mc-

≤ym-]\w hnizm-khpw k¬°¿Ω-

ßfpw IqSmsX F√m Zpjv°¿Ω-ß-

fn¬ \n∂pw AI-∂p-\n¬°pI F∂-

Xm-Wv.

tbip-hns‚ hcnjvS Zmk-\mb

]sXmkv Fgp-Xnb H∂mw teJ-\-

Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p.

""kIe ZpjvS-Xbpw F√ NXnhpw

hymP `mhhpw Akq-bbpw F√m

\pWbpw \o°n°f-™p Ct∏mƒ

P\n® inip-°-sf-t∏mse c£-°mbn

hf-cp-hm≥ hN-\-sa-∂ -am-b-an-√mØ

]m¬ IpSn-∏m≥ hmRvOn-∏o≥.''

(1 ]sXmkv 2:1˛-4)

AXm-bXv c£ ]m]n-°p-hm≥

F√m Zpjv°¿Ω-ß-sfbpw Dt]-£n®

\h-PmX inip-°sft∏mse BtI-W-

sa∂v C©o¬ \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

ho≠pw C©o¬ ]d-bp-∂p:

""\msf NmIp-a-t√m..... h©n-°-s∏-

S-cp-Xv. ""Zp¿`m-j-W-Øm¬ kZm-Nmcw

sI´p t]mIp∂p''. \oXn°v \n¿Ω-Z-

cmbn DWcp-hn≥. ]m]w sNøm-Xn-cn-

∏n≥.' (1 sImcn-¥y¿ 15:32-˛34)

C©o¬ as‰m-cn-SØv ]d-bp-∂p.

""a\p-jy≥ hn-X-°p-∂Xv Xs∂

sImøpw. PUØn¬ hnX-°p-∂-h≥

PU-Øn¬ \n∂p \miw sImøpw.

Bflm-hn¬ hnX-°p-∂-h≥ Bflm-

hn¬ \n∂v \nXy-Po-hs\ sImøpw.

\∑ sN-bvI-bn¬ \mw aSp-Øp-t]m-I-

cp-Xv.'' (K-em-Xy¿ 6:8,9)

hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ A≤ym-]-\hpw

C©oens‚ A≤ym-] -\ -tØmSp

XmZmflyw hln-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. hnip-≤-

Jp¿-B≥ Acpƒ sNøp-∂p:

""\√Xpw NoØbpw ka-am-hp-I-bn-

√. AXn-\m¬ G‰hpw \√-tXtXm

AXv sIm≠p (No-Ø-sb) XSb-bpI''

(41:35)

AXm-bXv h√ Zpjv°¿Ωhpw

sNbvXp t]mbn- p-s≠¶n¬ AXns‚

tZmj-^-esØ AXn-\p-]-I-c-ambn

k¬°¿Ωw sNbvXp XSpØp \ndp-

Øp-I.

hnip-≤-Jp¿-B\n¬ [mcmfw ÿe-

ß-fn¬ Zpjv°¿ΩnIƒ°v, Ah¿

]›m-Ø-]n®p aS-ßp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ e`n-

°p∂ in£-sb-°p-dn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-

´p-≠v. Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ amXw

NphsS tN¿°p-∂p:

""A[¿Ω-Im-cn-Iƒ°v Ah-cpsS

£a-bm-N\ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SmØ \mƒ.

Ah¿°mWv im]w. (]-c-tem-I-Øv)

Ah¿°v NoØ-bmb `h\w e`n-°p-

∂-Xm-Wv.'' (40:53)

""]c -tem -I -Øn¬ hniz -kn -

°mØh¿°v Ah-cpsS Zpjv°¿Ω-

ßsf \mw Aew-Ir-X-ambn ImWn®p

sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿°v ITn\

in£-bp-≠v. ]c-tem-IØv G‰-hp-a-

[nIw \jvS-a-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h¿ Ah¿

Xs-∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw.'' (27:5,6)

""ssZh-hp-ambn sNbvX Icm-dns\

Dd∏n-®-Xn-\p-tijw AXv ew-Ln-°p-

Ibpw A√mlp \ne-\n-dp -Øm≥

Iev]n® _‘sØ hnt—-Zn-°pIbpw

\m´n¬ Ipg-∏-ap-≠m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-h¿°v im]-ap-≠v. NoØ-bmb h-

\hpw Ah¿°p≠v.'' (13:26)

""B¿ ZpjvI¿Ωw sNøp-Ibpw

Ah-cpsS ]m]w (A-h-sc) hebw

sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂pthm Ah¿ \c-

Im-h-Im-in-I-fm-Wv. Ah-c-Xn¬ Hcp

kpZo¿L-Imew hkn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-

°pw.'' (2:82)

""Xn∑ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿ \c-I-

Øn¬ apJw IpØn hogvØ-s∏-Spw.

\nßƒ ]h¿Øn®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-

Xn∂-√msX \nßƒ°v ]Xn-^ew

\¬I-s∏-Sp-∂pt≠m? (F∂v Ah-

tcmSp tNmZn-°pw)'' (27-:91)

CXn\p ]pdsa hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬

[mcmfw ÿe-ß-fn¬ Zpjvs®bv-Xn-


Ifpw ]m]-I¿Ω-ßfpw sNøp-∂-

h¿°v ]c-tem-IØp≠mIp∂ in£-

sb-°p-dn®v ]kvXmhn-®n- p-≠v.

Npcp-°-Øn¬ tbip InkvXp-

hns‚ Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬ hn-iz-kn-°p-

∂Xp sIm≠p amXw Hcp ]m]n°v

ssZh in£-bn¬ \n∂p c£-s∏-

Sphm≥ km[n-°p∂-X√.

4. ssZhm-\p-Klw

ssZhm-\p-K-l-an-√msX tam£w

]m]n-°p-∂-X√ F∂v Jp¿-B\n¬

\n∂pw C©n-eo¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-

Ip-∂p. AXm-bXv ssZh-Øn-s‚ A\p-

Klw e`n-®m¬ amXta tam£

]m]vXn-bp-≠-hp-I-bp-≈q. ssZh-

Øns‚ A\p-Kl e`y-X-°mbn ta¬

]d™ aq∂p Imcy-ßfpw Bh-iy-

amWv.

CXp kw_-‘-ambn C©o¬

Acpƒ sNøp-∂p.

""tbip Xs‚ injy-∑m-tcmSv ""[\-

hm≥ kz¿§ cmPy-Øn¬ IS-°p-∂Xv

]bmkw Xs∂ F∂p Rm≥ kXy-

am-bn \nß-tfmSp ]d-bp-∂p....'' AXp

tI´ injy-∑m¿ G‰hpw hnkva-bn®p.

F∂m¬ c£n-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ (tam£

]m]vXn) B¿°p Ignbpw F∂p ]d-

™p. tbip Ahsc t\m°n AXp

a\p-jy¿°v Akm-≤yw. F¶nepw

ssZh-Øn\v kI-ehpw km≤yw

F∂p ]d-™p.''

(a-Ømbn 20:24-˛27)

""Aßs\ X\n°v a\- p-≈-h-t\mSv

Ah\v (ssZh-Øn\v) IcpW

tXm∂p∂p. X\n°v a\- p-≈-hsc

Ah≥ ITn-\-\m-°p-∂p.'' (tdma¿ 9:19)

Fs^-ky¿ 2:4,5, 1 ]tXmkv

2:2. ^nen-∏b¿ 2:12,13 F∂o hN-\-

ßfpw a\p-jys‚ kpc-£°p ssZhm-

\p-K-lhpw Ahs‚ Icp-Wbpw

D≠m-tI-W-sa∂v hy‡-am-°p∂p.

A√mlp- hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬

Acpƒ sNøp-∂p: ""Ah≥ C—n-°p-

∂-h¿°v s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw

Ah≥ C—n-°p-∂-hsc in£n°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A√mlp F√m

Imcy-ß-fnepw k¿∆-i-‡-\m-Wv.''

(2:285)

""\nß-fpsS ]m]-ßsf Ah≥ AI-

‰p-Ibpw \nßƒ°p s]mdpØp Xcn-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ah≥ G‰hpw

alm-\mb A\p - K -l-Zm -Xm -hm -

Wv.''(8:30)

Npcp -°-Øn¬ a\p -jys‚

tam£]m]vXn -°p hnizm -kw,

k¬°¿Ω-ßƒ, Zpjv°¿Ω-ßfn¬

\n∂pw hn´p \n¬°¬ F∂nh

IqSmsX ssZhm-\p-K-lhpw Ahs‚

Imcp -Wyhpw Bh-iy -am -sW∂v

Jp¿B\pw C©oepw Acpƒ

sNøp∂p.

Xu_m, CkvXn-Kv^m¿

]›m-Ø-]n-°p-Ibpw am\-km-

¥cs∏Sp-Ibpw ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂Xpw tam£ ]m]vXn-°p≈

\nan-Ø-am-sW∂v C©oen-ep≈ aØm-

bn, eqt°m-kv, At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cpsS

]hrØn-Iƒ F∂o kphn-ti-j-ß-

fn¬ [mcmfw ÿe-ß-fn¬ ]kvXm-

hn-°p-∂p.

hnip-≤-Jp¿-B\pw XZzn-j-b-I-ambn

Acpƒ sNøp∂p:

""F∂m¬ ]›m-Ø-]n®p aS-ßp-

Ibpw k¬°¿Ω-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿ (ssZh in£

]m]n-®) Ah-cn¬ Dƒ∏-Sp-I-bn-√.

Imc-Ww, A√mlp Ah-cpsS Xn∑-

Isf \∑-I-fm°n am‰n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-

Xm-Wv. A√mlp hf-sc-b-[nIw

s]mdpØp sImSp-°p-∂-h\pw Icp-Wm-

a-b-\p-am-Ip-∂p. ]›m-Ø-]n®p aS-ßp-

Ibpw k¬°¿Ω-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂-h≥ hmkvX-h-Øn¬

A√m-lp-hn-¶-te°p ]cn-]q¿Æ-ambn

aS -ßp -IbmWp - sN-øp -∂-X v . ''

(25:71, 72)

Npcp -°Øn¬ ]cn -ip -≤ -Jp¿ -

Bs‚bpw ss__n-fn-s‚bpw GI-I-

WvT-amb A≤ym-]\w ]m]-tam-N-\-

Øn\pw tam£]m]vXn°pw hnizm-

kw, k¬°¿Ω-ßƒ, Zpjv°¿Ω-ß-

fn¬ \n∂v hn´p-\n¬°¬, ]›m-

Øm]w, am\-k-¥cw, ]m¿∞\

k¿t∆m-]cn ssZhm-\p-Klw F∂nh

Bh-iy-am-sW-∂-Xm-Wv. A√msX

a‰mtcm sNbvX ]m-]Øn\p \nc-]-

cm-[n-bmb Hcmƒ Iqin-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

B Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw

a\p-jys‚ "BP∑' ]m]-Øn-\p≈

]cn-lm-chpw tam£]m]vXn-°p≈

\nanØhpw B-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-sW∂

hnizm-kw _men-ihpw ASn-ÿm\

cln-Xhpw kmam\y _p≤n°pw

bp‡n°pw CXc ]am-W-ßƒ°pw

hncp-≤-hp-am-Wv.

imco-cn-Im-h-ÿbpw [m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿbpw

hnth-I-_p-≤nbptSbpw ⁄m\-Øn-s‚bpw ]Im-i-Øn¬ \S-

°msX tIhew P¥p-°-sf-t∏mse Ai-\-]m-\-ßƒ \nZmPmK-c-ßƒ

tIm]-Xm-]-ßƒ XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-fn¬ hnIm-cm-[o-\-\mbn h¿Øn-

°p-∂n-S-tØmfw Ah-\n¬ Cu imco-cn-Im-hÿ ]I-S-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-

Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ a\p-jy≥ hnth-N-\-_p-≤n-bp-tSbpw ⁄m\-Øn-

s‚bpw D]-Z¿i-\-a-\p-k-cn-®v anX-h¿ØnXzw ioen-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

tºmƒ Ahs‚ hnjb hym]m-c-ßƒ imco-cn-Im-hÿ hn´v [m¿Ωn-

Im-h-ÿ-bn¬ ]th-in-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p. AXm-bXv arK-k-am-\-amb ]Ir-

Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]cn-W-an®v [m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿ-bn-te°v \oX-\mbv `hn-

°p-∂p.

lkvdØv AlvaZv (A), Ckvemw aX XØz-⁄m\w

n

22 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

em\m A-_p¬ Iemw BkmZv

Xs‚ Bfl-I-Y-bn¬ C]-

Imcw FgpXn: "Pn∂bpw A

t±-l-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw `qan-

imkvXw Ah¿s°-Xn-cm-sW∂v a\-

n-em-°nbn- n-s√∂v tXm∂p-∂p. Cu

c≠p tZi-ßƒ XΩn¬ (]-›na ]mIn-

kvXm\pw _mw•m-tZ-ipw) _mly-amb

bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√. aX-Øns‚

Imcy-Øn-sem-gn-®m¬ c≠p qhn-`m-K-

ß-fn-sebpw P\-ßƒ°v XΩn¬

bmsXmcp kmay-hp-an-√. qan-im-kvX-

]-c-ambpw kmº-Øn-I-ambpw mjm-]-

c-ambpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambpw hn`n-∂-

ß-fmb `qhn-`m-K-ßsf aXm-\p-`mhw

H∂p -sIm≠p amXw CW°n

\n¿Øm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂Xv

P\-ßsf Atß-b‰w I_-fn-∏n-°-em-

bn-cn-°pw...... ]›na ]mIn-kvXm\pw

]q¿∆ ]mIn-kvXm\pw F√m-hn[ n∂-

X-Ifpw ad∂v apt∂m´p t]mIp-sa∂v

B¿°pw Xs∂ Icp-Xm-\m-hn-√.

(Moulana Abul kalam Azad - India WinsFreedom P. 227)

`qan-imkvX]c-ambn thdn- p \n∂

Ing°≥ ]mIn-kvXm\pw (_w•m-tZ-

iv) ]Sn-™m-d≥ ]mIn-kvXm\pw, aXw

HgnsI `£-Ww, Pohn-X-ssi-en,

hkvXw apX-emb kmwkvIm-cnI mh-

Cý-bpw ]mIn-kvXm\pw c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-ambn

BcmWv Ckveman-t\m-S-Sp v \nÂ¡p-¶Xv? þ 3

]mIn-kvXm≥ cmjvSo-bhpw]hm-N-Is‚ amXr-Ibpw

F. Fw. apl-ΩZv kenw

ßƒ sIm≠v hn`n-∂-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

Zpc¥-]-cy-h-km-bn-bmb Hcp hn -P\w

]mIn-kvXm-\p-ta¬ Xqßn-\n¬°p∂p

F∂ A_p¬ Iemw Bkm-Zns‚

Xm°o-Xn-s\-Xnsc Cu c≠p hn`n∂

P\-XIsf CkvemanI kmtlm-Z-cy-

Øns‚ t]cn¬ H∂n®p \n¿Ømw F-

∂m-bn-cp∂p ]mIn-kvXm≥ temI-

Øn\p apºn¬ sXfn-bn®p Imt´-≠-

Xv. ]t£ sIm≈-°msc sh√p∂

cmjvSob t\XrXzw, apc-Sn-® aX

auenI hmZ-Øns‚ cwK-]-th-iw,

km¿∆-XnIamb Agn-aXn, Ak-¥p-

en-X-amb hnI-k-\w, kzP-\-]-£-]m-

Xw apX-emb kmaq-lnI Xn∑-Iƒ

]mIn-kvXms\ B`y-¥c Iem-]-Øn-

te°v hen-®n-g-®p. 1971 ¬ ssiJv

apPo_pdlvams‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬

_wKmƒ hntam-N-\-k-acw Ah-km\w

C¥y-bp-am-bp-≈ bp≤-Øn¬ Iem-

in®p. ]mIn-kvXms‚ Ing°≥ ]£w

shń-am-‰-s∏- p. ]mIn-kvXms‚ Bflm-

`n-am-\sØ De-®p-I-f™ Hcp BLm-

X-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. hnPw-`n-X-amb

apkvenw a\ m£nbpsS kXz-

t_m[w hos≠-Sp-°m\p≈ iaw Hcp

tZiob ]Xn-k-‘n-bmbn ]mIn-kvXm-

\n¬ \odn∏pI-™p. CkvemanI

hocy-Øns‚ Ipd-hmWv Cu hn`-P-\-

Øn\pw ]cm-P-b-ßƒ°pw A]-N-b-

ßƒ°pw Imc-W-sa∂ aq√-am-cpsS

hym]-I-amb ]Nm-cWw \ncmi

_m[n® ]mIn-kvXm≥ P\-X-bn¬

kzm[o\w sNepØn. Cu ]Nm-cWw

Hcm-thiw t]mse IØn-°b-dnb

]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ aXIob Pohn-X-hp-

ambn bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√mØ

`qt´m CkvemanIhXvI-c-W-Øns‚

i‡-\mb h‡m-hmbn cwKØp

hcnIbpw 1974 ¬ AlvaZn-Isf

Aapkvenw \yq\-]-£-ambn ]Jym-]n-

°p -Ibpw sNbvX Imcyw ]cm -

a¿in®ph-t√m. GXv IpSn-e-X-¥-

ßfpw \S-∏m°n cmjvSob t\ -ap-≠m-

°p∂, \oXnbpw s\dnbpw F¥m-sW-

∂-dn-bmØ m-Kymt\z-j-I≥ amX-am-

bncp∂p qt´m. CkvemanIhXvI-c-W-

Øns‚ `mK-ambn aZy-\n-tcm-[-\w,

NqXm´ \ntcm-[-\w, IpXn-c-∏-¥b

\ntcm-[\w, Hgnhp Znhkw Rmb-dm-

gvN-bn¬ \n∂v sh≈n-bmgvNbm°¬

XpSßn \nc-h[n CkvemanI \nb-a-

ßƒ \n¿Ωn-®p-sIm≠v 1977 se

s]mXp Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns\ qt´m A`n-

ap-Jo-I-cn-®p. qt´m-bpsS ]mIn-kvXm≥

]o∏nƒkv ]m¿ń (PPP) sb HºXv

cmjvSob I£n-Iƒ tN¿∂p≈ ]mIn-

kvXm≥ t\j-\¬ Ae-b≥kv (PNA)

au

teJ\w


t\cn´p. ]n. F≥. F. Db¿Ønb

apZm-hmIyw "\nkmsa apkvX^'

Bbn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv "]hm-N-Is‚

hyhÿ' Xncn®p sIm≠phcnI F∂-

Xm-bn-cp-∂p. hym]-I-ambn IrXnaw \S-

Ønb qt´m Xnc-s™-Sp∏n¬ hnP-bn-

®psh¶nepw i‡-amb ]t£m- Ww

]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ Db¿∂p-h-∂p.

\nkmsa apkvX^

cmjvSob `mKy-mt\z-jnbpw Ah-

kchmZn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ Zp¬^q-°m¿

Aen `qt´m Ckvemans‚ c£-I-

\mbn Ah-X-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

`qt´ms°Xnsc aX-Iob cmjvSob

I£n-I-fpsS 1977 se Xnc-s™-Sp-∏v

kJyw Db¿Ønb "\nkmsa

apkvX^' AYhm "dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n-

bpsS hyhÿ' F∂ apZm-hmIyw

Hcp I]S apZm-hm-Iyw amX-am-bn-cp-

∂p. \nkmsa apkvX^bpw ]mIn-

kvXm-\nse ]kvXpX I£n-Iƒ

kPo-h-ambn ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ P\m-[n-

]Xy hyh-ÿbpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥cw

lkz-ambn H∂p hni-I-e\w sNømw.

dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hyh-ÿ-bn¬

cmjvSob I£n-Iƒt°m aX I£n-

Iƒt°m ÿm\-an-√. D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv

Htc-sbmcp apkvenw DΩØv amX-am-

bn-cp-∂p. Cß-s\-sbmchÿ kwPm-

X-am-hm≥ "\nkmsa apkvX^' F∂

apZm-hmIyw apg-°nb HºXv cmjvSo

b ]m¿ń-I-ƒ Ah-cpsS AkvXnXzw

kzbw \in-∏n®v Hcp DΩ-Ømbn Xotc-

≠-Xp-≠v. Ah¿ AXv sNøpambn-

cpt∂m? apJy-]-Xn-tbm-Kn-bm-bn-cp∂

]n. ]n. ]n. s°Xnsc an\naw ]cn-]m-

Sn-bpsS ASnÿm\-Øn-ep≠m-°nb

Xm¬°m-enI Xnc-s™-Sp∏v kJy-am-

bn-cp∂p ]n. F≥. F. Xnc-s™-Sp-∏-

√mØ thf-I-fn¬ iXp-°sft∏mse

s]cp-am-dp∂ Cu I£n-Iƒ°v dkq¬

Xncp-ta\n (k) bpsS hyh-ÿ-bn¬

F¥mWv ÿm\w?. "\nkmsa

apkvX^' °v th≠n \ne-sIm-≈p∂

cmjvSob ]m¿ń-Iƒ°v Hmtcm-∂n\pw

Ah-cpsS kz¥w ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw AP-

≠-bp-ap-≠v. amX-a√ aX-Iob cm„o-

b-I-£n-I-ƒ°v Ah-scm-gnsI a‰p-≈-

h-sc√mw Im^n-dp-I-fpam-Wv.

lkvdØv A_q-_-°-dn-s\(-d)

Jeo-^-bmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ

At±lw ]d™p: "A[n-Im-c-Øn-\p-

th-≠n Hcn-°epw Rm\¿∞n®n-ń-√.

AXn\p≈ BKlw Hcn -°¬

t]mepw Fs‚ AI-Xm-cn-ep-≠m-bn- n-

√. apkvenwI-fn¬ ssiYn-ey-Øn-

s‚bpw Ad-_n-I-fn¬ aX ]cn-Xym-K-

Øn-s‚bpw B]Øv Db¿∂p I≠-

t∏mƒ a\-an√m-a-\-t msS Cu ]Zhn

Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ Rm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-

b-Xm-Wv.' F∂m¬ ]mIn-kvXm-\n¬

Xnc-s™-Sp∏v tKmZbn¬ Igp-Ø-d-∏≥

a’-c-hp-ambn Ac-ßp-X-I¿°p∂

\nkmsa apkvX^m h‡m-°ƒ

thm´¿amsc A`n-ap-Jo-Icn®v thm´p

bmNn-°p-Ibpw Xßsf A[n-Im-c-Øn-

te-‰-W-sa∂v A`y¿∞n-°p-I-bp-at√

sNøp-∂-Xv? Jeo^m ÿm\Øv Hcn-

°¬ Xnc-s™-Sp°s∏-´m¬ acWw

hsc B ÿm\Øv XpS-cp-I-bmWv

dkq¬ Xncp-ta\n \n¿t±-in® amXr-

I. ]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ 5 sIm√w IqSp-

tºmƒ \S-°p∂ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v

\nkmsa apkv-X- -bp-ambn HØp-t]m-

Ip-∂sX ßs\? amX-a√, ]mIn-kvXm-

\nse aX-Iob kJy-Øn¬s∏´ Htcm

I£n bpw as‰mcp I£n-bps-S

t\Xmhv acWw hsc hmgp-∂Xv

t\m°n-\n¬°ptam?

km¿∆-XnI thm´-h-Im-i-Øns‚

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂n√ Jeo- -

amsc Xnc-s™-Sp-Øn-cp∂-Xv. B

hyh-ÿ-bn¬ kvXoIƒ°v thm -h-Im-

i-ap-≠m-bncp-∂n-√. ]mIn-kvXm≥ c-

Wm-[n-Im-cnsb Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂

]In-b-bn¬ kvXoP\-ßƒ°v thm´p-

≠m-In√ F∂v Cu cm„ob I£n-

Iƒ°v ]d-bm-\p≈ ss[cy-apt≠m?

cmjvSob X¥-Øns‚ mK-ambn Pam-

AsØ Ckveman t\Xm-hm--bncp∂

A_p¬ AAvem auZqZn Xs∂ m

Ønam Pn∂sb ]n¥p-W-®-bm-fm-Wv.

]mIn-kvXm≥ cmjvSo-b-Øn¬ kvXo

km∂n≤yw F∂pw kPo-h-am-bn-cp-∂p.

]n¬°m-eØv ][m-\-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp∂

t_\-ko¿ qt´m Xs∂ DZm-l-c-Ww.

CXn -s\ -sb√mw AwKo -I -cn®p

sIm≠p≈ F¥v \nkmsa apkvX

^sb∏‰n-bmWv Ch¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv?

Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ Jeo- °v P\-

ßƒ ss_øØv sNøp∂ coXn-bm-

Wv k®-cn-Xcmb CkvemanI Jnem-

-Øns‚ amXr-I. CXv ]mIn-kvXm≥

P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ ]mtbm-Kn -I-

amtWm? a°m hnP-b-Øn\p tijw

Hcp kwLw kXy-hn-izm-kn\n-Iƒ

dkq¬ Xncp-ta\nbn¬ ss_AØv

sNbvX-Xn-s\-∏‰n hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬

]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v. "" Hm \_ntb, Xßƒ

A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv as‰m∂n-t\bpw ]¶p

tN¿°p-I-bn-s√∂pw hy`n-N-cn-°p-I-

bn-s√∂pw Xß-fpsS k¥m-\-ßsf

sIm√p-I-bn-s√∂pw a\:-]q¿∆w \pW-

sIń®a®v ]N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bn-s√∂pw,

\√ Hcp-Im-cy-Ønepw \nt∂mSv A\p-

k-c-W-t°Sv ImWn-°p--bn-s√-∂p-ap≈

\n_-‘-\-tbmsS kXy-hn-izmkn-\n-

Iƒ \obp-ambn ss_AØv (A-\p-

k-cW ]Xn-⁄) sNøm≥ \ns‚

ASp-°¬ h∂m¬ \o Ah-cpsS A\p-

k-cW ]Xn⁄ kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≈p-

I. Ah¿°mbn ]m]-tam-N-\-Øn\v

]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. Xo¿®-

bmbpw A√mlp k¿∆Ym s]mdpØp

sIm-Sp-°p-∂-h\pw Icp-Wm-a-b-\p-am-Ip-

∂p.'' (60:13). Cßs\ kXy-hn-izm-

kn-IfpsS kmXznI Pohn-XsØ ap≥

\n¿Øn ]Xn⁄ hmßm≥ ]‰nb

Bflob \ne-hm-c-ap≈ t\Xmhv

]mIn-kvXm≥ cmjvSo-b-Øn-ept≠m?

GsX-¶nepw Hcp I£n-bpsS t\Xm-

hns\ Jeo -^-bmbn Xnc -s™-

SpØm¬ Xs∂ "kzbw hn¬°pI'

F∂¿∞w hcp∂ "ss_AØv'

AYhm kºq¿Æ ka¿∏Ww \S-

Øm≥ a‰p I£nIfn¬s∏- -h¿ Xøm-

dm-Iptam? Cßs\ \qdp-Iq´w ]iv\-

ßƒ _lpI£n kºZ-m-b-ap≈

P\m-[n-]-XysØ ]hm-NIs‚ amXr-

I-bmbn Ah-X-cn∏n-°p-tºmƒ kwPm-

X-am-hpw. B[p-\nI ImeØv dkq¬

Xncp-ta\n (k) bpsS amXrI AYhm

"Jnem-^Øv hyhÿ,' IqSp-X¬

24 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

A\p-tbm-Py-am-Ip-I Bflob ][m-

\-amb Hcp aX-kw-L-S\m hyh-ÿn-

Xn-°m-W.v AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv

]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂-XmWv. hmkvX-

h -Øn¬ \nkmsa apkvX -^.

AlvaZnøm ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ c≠mw

Jeo- - lkvdØv an¿km _io-dp-±o≥

alvaqZv AlvaZv (d) CXp kw_-‘n®v

]d-bp-∂p:

""CkvemanI c-W-Ia-sØ-°p-dn®v

]Tn-°m-s\m-cp-ßp∂ Bcpw Xs∂

AXn-t\-°mƒ DØ-a-amb `c-W-I-a-

an-s√∂v kΩXn®p ]d-bm≥ \n¿_-

‘n-Xcmhpw.... hmKvZØ akolv (A)

Hcp Bflob Jeo^ amX-am-bn-cn-°-

bm¬ cmPm-°-∑mcpw cmjvS-ßfpw

Rß-fpsS ]ÿm-\-Øn¬ X≈n-°-

b-dp∂ B ImeØpw B ]pWym-flm-

hns‚ ]n≥Km-an-I-ƒ Ign-bp-t∂-S-

tØmfw cmjvSob Imcy-ßƒ°XoX-

cm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. sFIy-cm-jvS-k-

-bpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ t]mse-bp≈

Imcy-ßƒ°v Ah¿ ta¬t\m´w

sNøpIbpw hnhn[ cmjvSob ]Xn-

\n-[n-I-fpsS klmb kl-I-c-W-ßƒ

aptJ\ A¥m-cmjvS _‘-ßsf

\nb-¥n-°p-Ibpw ap≥Im-e-ßfn¬

kw -hn-®Xv t]mse P\-ß-fpsS i≤

cmjvSob Imcy-ß-fn¬ amXw ebn®p

t]mIp-Itbm aX-]-chpw [m¿Ωn-I-hp-

amb AXn ][m\ Imcy-ßƒ Ae-

£y-am-°-s∏-Sp -Itbm sNømsX

kq£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xmbn-cn-

°mw. Ah¿ Ign-bp-∂X cmjvSob

Imcy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw AI-∂n-cn-°p-sa-

∂mWv Rm≥ ]d-™-Xv. Hcp cmPy-

Ønse P\-ßƒ ]tXyI kw`h

hnIm-k-ß-sfbpw kml-N-cy-ß-

sfbpw ap≥\n¿Øn Bflob Jnem-

^-Øns‚ klmbw tXSp∂ Hcp

k∂nKv≤ L´w kwPm-X-am-Ip-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ B ]tZ-isØ `cWw

Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn Gs‰-Sp-°m≥

Jeo^ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-Ipw. F∂m¬

AØcw \S-]-SnIƒ Ign-bp-∂Xpw

]tXyI-Im-e-tØ-°m-bn -cn -°pw.

(""AlvaZn-øØv AYhm bYm¿∞

Ckvemw'' ˛ lkvdØv an¿km _in-

dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZv t]Pv 264 hnh.

F≥. A_vZp-d-low)

]tXyI \ntbm-PI aWvUew

1977 se Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ hym]-I-

amb IrXnaw Imń HºXv ]m¿ń

IfpsS kwJy-amb ]n. F≥. F.

s°Xnsc `qt´m-bpsS ]n. ]n. ]n.

hºn® `qcn-]£w t\Sn-sb-¶nepw

]mIn-kvXm\n¬ apgp-h\pw qt´m-hn-s\-

Xnsc hºn® ]t£m-`-ßƒ Ae-b-

Sn-®pbp¿∂p. qt´msb \njvIm-kn-X-

\m°ns°m≠v P\-d¬ knbm-hp¬

lJv ]´mf Ań-a-dn-bn-eqsS A[n-

Imcw ]nSn-s®-Sp-Øp. A©-c-s°m√w

]mIn-kvXm≥ ][m-\-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp∂

a¿±I\mb qt´msb knbm-D¬lJv

1979 G]n¬ 4˛mw XobXn AXn Zmcp-

W-ambn Xq°n-te-‰ns°m∂p.

1978 BK-Ãn¬ P\-d¬ knbm-hp¬

lJv HºXv I£n-IfpsS kJy-amb

]n. F≥. F bn¬ \n∂pw Pam-

AsØ Ckveman, PwCøsØ De-

amsb Ckvemw, ]mIn-kvXm≥ Utam-

Im-‰n°v ]m¿ń, apkvenw eoKv F∂o

\mep ]m¿ń-Isf \nkmsa apkvX^

\S-∏m-°m≥ th≠n Xs‚ kl-bm-Xn-

I-cm-bn ]Jym-]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

AapkvenwIƒ°v cmjvS c-W-Øn¬

]s¶-Sp-°m≥ ]mSn√. Ckvemw aX-

Øn¬ \n∂pw aXw amdp-∂-hs\ h[n-

°Ww F∂p XpSßn òI-c-amb

At\Iw kn≤m-¥-ßƒ°v th≠n

\ne-sIm-≈p∂ aX-cmjvS auenI

hmZn-I-fmb Pam-AsØ Ckvemanbpw,

kam\ Nn¥m-K-Xn-°m-c-\mb knbbpw

IqSn Ckvemans‚ al-Ømb am\-

hob aqey-ß-fpsS \ntj-[m-flI

i‡n-bmbn ]mIn-kvXms\ am‰n.

AXn-s‚ ê-ambncp∂p aX-\yq-\-]-

£-ßƒ°mbp≈ ]tXyI \ntbm-P-

I-a-WvU-ew.

1978 emWv knbm -D¬ lJv

Aap…nw \yq\-]-£-ßƒ°v ]tXy

\ntbm-P-I-a-WvUew \S-∏m-°nbXv.

CXv Pn∂m-km-ln-_n-s‚ k¶-ev]-

ßƒ°v IS-I-hn-cp-≤-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]mIn-

kvXm-\n¬ aX-]-c-amb ]£-]m-Xn-Xz-

Øn-s‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ bmsXmcp

]tXyI ]ucm-h-Im-i-ßtfm cmjvSo-

bm-h-Im-i-ßtfm D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-X√

F∂pw ]mIn-kvXms‚ apJy-[m-c-bn¬

F√m aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßfpw ebn®p

tNc-W-sa∂pw Pn-∂m-km-ln_v BK-

ln-®p. aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßsf \nba

\n¿Ωm-W-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-

°pI F∂Xv Pam-AsØ Ckveman-

bpsS \nKq-V- ]≤-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p. aX-

\yq-\-]-£-ß-fpsS Cu kwh-cWw

C¥y-bnse A[:ÿnXcmb Ahi

P\-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS kwh-cW \ntbm-

P-I-aW-WvUe hpambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-

Sp-Øm≥ km≤y-a-√. ]mIn-kvXm-\nse

\yq\-]-£-ßƒ Cßs\ ]tXy-I

kwh-cW \ntbm-P-I-a-WvU-e-ßƒ

thW-sa∂v Hcn-°epw kzbw Bh-iy-

s∏-ń-ń-√. Cu kwh-cWw Ah-cn¬

ASn -t®¬∏n°s∏-´ -Xm-bn -cp -∂p.

Aapkv enwIsf cmjvS \n¿ΩmW

]h¿Ø-\-ß-fntem \nba \n¿Ωm-W-

ß-fntem ]s¶-Sp-∏n-°m≥ ]mSn√

F∂ Bib-Øn¬ \n∂pw DS-se-Sp-

Ø Cu kwh-cWw - \mw ]tXyIw

th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-b-Ww. aXm-Xn-]-k-c-ap≈

]mIn-kvXm-\nse 8% hcp∂ \yq\-]-

£-ßƒ tZiob apJy-[m-c-bn¬

\n∂pw th¿s∏´p \n¬°p-∂Xv Bfl-

lXym]-c-am-sW∂v Ah¿°v Xs∂

\∂m-bdn-bmw.

_nójv C¥y-bn¬ P\-ßsf

`n∂n-∏n®p cn-°m≥ aX-]-c-amb ASn-

ÿm-\-Ønembn-cp∂p kΩ-Xn-Zm-b-

Isc \n›-bn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. kzmX-¥y-

Øn\v tijw \ΩpsS P\m-[n-]Xy

k¶-ev]-Øn-ep-≠mb \ho-\-amb aqey-

t_m[w Cßs\ aXm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-

ep≈ kwh-cWw kmaq-ly-t£-a-

Øn\v hnLm-X-am-sW∂v I≠v d±m-°p-

I-bp-≠m-bn. kzmX¥y-Øn\v tijw

kwh-c-WsØ∏‰n ]Tn-°m≥ \nb-an®

]t´¬ IΩo-j≥ A[:-Ir-X¿°v

amXw kwh-cWw G¿s∏-SpØn as‰

√m Xnc-s™-Sp∏v kwh-c-W-ßfpw

\n¿Ø-em-°-W-sa∂v ip]m¿i sNøp-

I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Ncn--X-]-chpw aX-]-

c-hpamb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ Atß-b‰w


Zp¿_-ecpw Ah-i-X-cp-amb P\-hn- m-

K-ßƒIv \nba k`m \ntbm-P-I-a-

WvU-e-ß-fn¬ kwh-cWw XpS-c-W-

sa∂ P\m-[n-]-Xy-Ønep≈ a\p-jy-Xz-

]-c-amb Hcp kao-]-\-amWv C¥y-bn¬

\S-∏m-°n-b-Xv. 1967 apX¬ 545 ]m¿e-

sa‚ v \ntbm-P-I-a-WvU-e-ß-fn¬ 119

FÆw Ah-i P\ hn`m-K-ßfpsS

kwh-cW \ntbm-P-I-a-WvU-e-ß-fm-bn.

15 tImSn 23 e£w P\-kw-Jy-

bp≈ ]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ 92 iX-am-

\hpw apkvenwI-fm-Wv. _m°n 8 iX-

am-\-Øn¬ lnµp-°ƒ, InkvXym-\n-

Iƒ, PqX-∑m¿, kn°p-Im¿, tkmtdm-

kvSnb aX-°m¿, _lm-bn-Iƒ F∂n-

h-cmWv. aX \yq\-]-£-ß-fpsS Iq´-

Øn-emWv AlvaZn-I-sfbpw Ah-cpsS

kΩXan -√msX ]mIn -kvXm≥

Kh¨sa‚ v Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-

Xv. 1978 apX¬ tZiob Akw-ªn-

bnepw s]mhn≥jy¬ Akw-ªn-

bnepw ]tXyI Xncs™Sp∏v \n-tbm-

P-I-a-WvU-e-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏-´p.

211 tZiob Akwªn \ntbm-P-I-a-

WvU-e-ß-fn¬ ]sØÆw amX-am-Wv.

aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßƒ°v th≠n kwh-

cWw sNbvX-Xv. aX-\yq-\-]-£-

ßƒ°v Ah-cpsS ]mtZ-inI Pn√-

I-fnse \yq\-]£ hn`m-K-ß-fnse

ÿm\m¿∞n-Iƒ°v amXta thm´v

sNøm≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-≈q. AXn-\mbn

\yq\-]-£-ßfpsS ]tXyI thm´¿

]ńI Xøm-dm-°n. q-]-c-amb km[m-

cW ]m¿e-sa‚ v \ntbm-P-I-aWvU-e-

Ønse s]mXp-ÿm-\m¿∞n-Iƒ°v

thm´v sNøm≥ \yq\-]£ kap-Zm-b-

ßƒ°v Ah-Im-i-an-√. CXns‚ e-

ambn _lp-`q-cn-]£w ]uc-∑mcpw

`q]-c-amb \ntbm-P-I-a-WvU-eØnse

s]mXp ÿm\m¿∞n-Iƒ°v thm´p

sNøptºmƒ aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßƒ Ah-

cpsS ]tZ -isØ ]m¿esa‚ v

saº¿°v thm´v sNøm≥ km[y-a-

√msX hcp-∂p. aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßƒ

Ah-cpsS aXØn¬s-∏´Xpw a°-

hmdpw AXmXp ]tZ-isØ ]Xn-\n-

[m\w sNømØXpw Ah-cpsS aX-

Øn¬s∏´Xpamb ÿm\m¿∞n-

Iƒ°v thm´v sNø-Ww. Cßs\

Aim-kvXo-bhpw A[m¿Ωn-I-hp-amb

hn`-P\w aqew apJy-[m-c-bn-ep≈

tZiob I£n-Isf Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬

kzm[o-\n-°mt\m cmjvS \n¿ΩmW

]In-b-bn¬ aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßƒ°v

]s¶-Sp-°mt\m km[y-a-√msX hcp-

∂p. CXns‚ e-ambn aX-\yq-\-]-£-

ßsf ]cn-K-Wn-°p-Itbm Ah-tcmSv

A\p-I-ºbpw ]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw Im´p-

Itbm sNømØ apJy-[m-c-bn-ep≈

cmjvSnb I£n-Iƒ°v \yq\-]-£-

ßfpsS Ah-Im -i -kw -c -£Ww

cmjvSob hnj-b-a-√msX hcp-∂p.

aXm-`n -ap -Jy-ap≈ ]mIn-kvXms\

t]mse-bp≈ Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬ aX-

\yq-\-]-£-ßsf Ac-£n-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-

em-°p-∂-XmWv Cu kwhn-[m-\w.

]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ aX-\yq-\-]-£-ß-

fpsS sk≥kkv 8 iX-am-\-am-sW-

∂mWv HutZym-KnI IW-°v. CXv

kXy-k-‘-am-sW∂v hniz-kn-®m¬

Øs∂ 1978 ¬ 211 \ntbm-P-I-a-WvU-

e-ß-fn¬ Ah¿°-\p-h-Zn® 10 ko‰p

Iƒ XnI®pw A]-cym-]vX-am-Wv.

sk≥kkv \oXn-]q¿∆-a√ F∂-Xns‚

Hcp-Zm-l-cWw i≤n-°p-I. 1981 se

sk≥k-kn¬ AlvaZn-I-fpsS FÆw

104, 244 F∂mWv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ ]mIn-kvXm-\n-se

AlvaZnøm P\-kwJy-bpsS 2.6 iX-

am\w amX-am-WnXv. amX-a√ Ata-cn-

°≥ Un∏m¿´-sa‚ v Hm^v tÃ‰v

kns‚ aX kzmX-¥ysØ kw_-

‘n® Ign™ h¿jsØ hm¿jnI

dnt∏m¿´v ]Imcw ]mIn-kvXm≥

sÛ-d¬ Im_n-\-‰nepw, sk\-‰nepw

P\m-[n-]Xyw, a\p-jym-h-Im-iw,

sXmgn¬ F∂o Imcy-ßƒ°m-bp≈

_yqtdm-I-fnepw aX \yq\-]-£-ß-

fpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fn-√.

]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ ]tXyI \ntbm-

P-I-a-WvU-e-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-®Xp apX¬

AlvaZnIƒ AhnsS Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬

]s¶-Sp-°m-dn-√. Aapkvenw F∂

Kh¨sa‚n-s‚ \n¿_-‘-]q¿∆ap≈

h¿§o-I-cWw AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v

amXta AlvaZn°v AhnsS thm´v

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[n-°q. apkvenam-

sW-∂-Xn¬ Pohs‚ Hmtcm IWn-I-

bnepw A`n-am\w sIm≈p-∂ Hcp

AlvaZn°v Xm≥ Aapkvenam-sW∂v

kzbw kΩ-Xn®psIm≠v Fßns\

thmń-wßn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ km[n

°pw? hnizmk kwc-£-W-Øn\v

th≠n F¥v hne-sIm-Sp-°m\pw Xøm-

dm-hp∂ AlvaZn-Iƒ ]mIn-kvXm-\n¬

Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m-dn-√.

temIØv CXbpw \·-amb coXn-

bn¬ \S-°p∂ PpKv]-km-h-l-amb

P\m-[n-]-Xy-, a\p-jym-h-Im-i,- ]ucm-

h-Imi -[zwk\-Øns\-Xnsc AlvaZn-

Iƒ aqI-ambn \S-Øp∂ kl\

kacw sFXn-lm-kn-I-am-Wv. c‡-s®m-

cn-®nepw ]t£m- -ß-fp-an-√msX c-W-

L-S-\m-\p-kr-X-ambn P\m-[n-]Xy coXn-

bn-¬ AlvaZn-Iƒ \S-Øp∂ Ipeo-

\hpw A¥- m¿∂-Xp-amb Cu ]Xn-

tj-[-Øns‚ \nebpw hnebpw a\p-

jy-Xz-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿t° a\-

n-em-hq F∂p amXw ]d-b-s´.

P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ hnim-emImi-

Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p∂ Xtam-K¿Ø-ß-

fmWv ]mIn-kvXm-\nse ]tXyI

\ntbm-P-I-a-WvU-e-ßƒ. aX-\yq-\-]-

£-ßƒs°-Xnsc Ckvemans‚

t]cn¬ Gs∏-Sp-Ønb Incm-X-amb

Cu ]tXyI \ntbm-P-I aWvU-e-

ßsf∏‰n temI-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ a\p-

jym-h-Imi ]h¿Ø-I¿ hnhm-Z-ap-

b¿Øns\ XpS¿∂v 2002 s^_p-hcn

27-˛mw XobXn ]mIn-kvXm≥ ]kn-

U≠v P\-d¬ ]¿thkv apjvd v 7˛mw

\º¿ Hm¿U¿ ]-Imcw d±m-°n. B

Hm¿U-¿ ]Imcw apkvenw Aapkvenw

t`Z-sat\y thm´¿am-cpsS enÃv ]pXp-

°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]t£, B Hm¿U-

dnse skIvj≥ 7˛ _n bn¬ Alv

aZn-I-fpsS ÿnXn-bn¬ bmsXmcp am‰-

hp-an√ F∂v ]tXyIw hy‡-ambn ]d-

bp∂p. AXp -sIm≠v ]pXnb

thm´¿en-Ãn¬ apkvenw Iƒs°m∏w

lnµp-°fpw, InkvXym-\n-Ifpw, blq-

Zcpw kn°p-Imcpap≠v ]t£

AlvaZn-Iƒ amX-an√!

~ Hcp cmPy-Ønse ùXnI hn`--h-

26 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

ßƒ \oXn ]q¿∆w kam-l-cn°p-Ibpw

hnX-cWw sNøp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-

XmWv c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ I¿Ø-hyw.

\oXnbpw [m¿an-I-Xbpw, hyh-ÿm-

]nX \n-ba-ßfpw- ewLn-°msX

]ucs\ hy‡n-]-c-am-bpw, kmaq-ly-

ambpw PohnXw \bn-°m-\-\p-h-Zn-°p-

I F∂-XmWv c-W-Iq-S-ßƒ sNtø-

≠-Xv. lnµp, apk¬am≥, InkvXy≥

ap-Xemb GXp-aX hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏Sp-

∂-h-\m-bmepw cmPysØ ]uc-∑m¿

F∂ \ne°v Ah¿°v Hcp s]mXp

aWvU-e-ap-≠v. a\p-jys‚ cmjvSo-

bhpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb _lp-`q-cn-

]£w am\p-jnI ]iv\-ßfpw Cu

s]mXp aWvU-e-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-

Xm-Wv. a\p-jy≥ izkn-°p∂ hmbp,

IpSn°p∂ sh≈w, Ah-cpsS ta¬

DZn-®p-b-cp∂ kqcy≥, Ahs‚ uXn-

I-amb F√m hyh-lm-c-ßfpw, Ah-

cpsS hni-∏v, thZ\, kt¥mjw

F∂n-h-sb√mw H∂m-Wv. F∂n-cns°

a\p-jys\ s]mXp-hmbn _m[n°p∂

Imcy-ß-fn¬ `qcn-]-£-Øns‚ aX-

Øn¬s∏´-h -\ -√m -Ø-Xp -sIm≠v

Hcmsf B cmPysØ \nba \n¿Ωm-

W-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°pI

F∂Xv FX-amXw PpKp-]vkm-h-l-

amWv! a\pjyk-aq-l-Øns‚ Cu

GIm-fl-I-X-sb∏‰n A√mlp Jp¿-B-

\n¬ \nc-h[n ÿe-ß-fn¬ DW¿Øp-

∂p: ""A√tbm a\p-jy-tc, \nß-tfbpw

\nßƒ°v apºp-≈-h-scbpw krjvSn®

\nß-fpsS \mYs\ \nßƒ hW-ßp-

hn≥, \nßƒ kZvhrØ-cm-Im≥

th≠n. `qansb \nßƒ°mbn Hcp

saØ-t]mse Hcp-°n-X-cn-Ibpw BIm-

isØ Hcp taem-∏p-t]mse B°p-

Ibpw taL-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ag s]øn®p

Xcn -Ibpw Aßs\ \nß-fpsS

Pohk‘m-c-W-Øn-\p≈ ImbvI-\n-I-

ƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h≥

Ah-\-sX.'' (2:22,23) ""BIm-i-ß-

fnep≈Xpw `qan-bn-ep-≈-Xp-sa√mw

\nß-fpsS tkh-\m¿∞w Ah≥

Iogvs∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-

sb√mw Ah-\n¬ \n∂p≈hbsX.

\n›-b-ambpw Nn¥n-°p∂ P\-

ßƒ°v AXn¬ AS-bm-f-ßƒ AS-

ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.'' (45:41)

Cßs\ a\p-jy-k-aqlw ]IrXn

hn -h-ßƒ H∂mbn A\p- -hn-°p-∂-h-

cm-bn-cns° F√m a\p-jy¿°pw \oXn

t_m[-ap≈ Hcp a\- m-£nsb

ssZhw ]Zm\w sNbvX-Xmbn Jp¿-

B≥ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. a\p-jy≥

P\n®p hf-cp-I-tbm, Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-

Itbm sNbvX aXßf√ a\p-jy-\n¬

\oXn-t_m[w P\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv F∂

Imcyw \mw ]tXyIw Hm¿°-Ww.

GXv aXØn¬s∏´h\m-bmepw

P\n®p hogp∂ a\p-jy-in-ip-hn\v

ssZhw Ahs‚ Bflm-hn¬ \oXn-

t_m[w \nt£]n-®n-´p-≠v. AXv

hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p∂ a-s‰mcp ssZhnI

kwhn-[m-\-amWv aXßƒ. ssZh-

Øns‚ DØ-a-\mb Hcp krjvSn F∂

\ne°v k¿∆ a\p-jy\pw Cu [m¿Ωn-

IX AYhm a\- m£n ssZhw

\¬In-bn- p-≠v. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂p:

""hmkvX-h-an-XmWv, a\p-jy\v Xs‚

Bflm-hn\p ta¬ Hcpƒ°m-gvN-bp-≠v.

Ah≥ Xs‚ Hgn-I-gn-hp-Iƒ FX

t_m[n-∏n-®mepw icn'' (75:15). ""Fs¥-

∂m¬ kzbw imkn®p sImt≠-bn-cn-

°p-∂, Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-hp-≈Xpw

XojvW-hp-amb Hcp kPo-h-a-\- m£n

Ah\v ]Zm\w sNø-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p''

(75:5) ssZhw F√m a\p-jy¿°pw

\¬Inb Cu a\- m-£n-bpsS _e-

Øn¬ Hcp cmPy-Øns‚ \nba \n¿Ωm-

W-ß-fn¬ F√m ]uc-∑m¿°pw ]s¶-

Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXv Ahs‚

P∑mh-Im-i-hp-am-Wv. \oXn-t_m[w

apkvenwIfpsS amXw IpØ-I-bm-

sW∂ hmZw Jp¿B\v hncp-≤-am-Wv.

]mIn-kvXm≥ `c-W-L-S-\sb At]-

£n®v ]ucs‚ auen-Im-h-Im-i-ß-

fn¬ \oXn- ]-Imin-∏n-°m≥ lnµp-

°ƒ°v qcn-]-£-ap≈ C¥y≥ c-W-

L-S-\-bv°m-hp∂p F∂Xv CXn\p

Zml-c-W-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Hcp

cmPysØ ]uc∑msc Ahn-SpsØ

\nb-a-\n¿Ωm-W-ß-fn¬ aX-]-c-amb

]£-]m-Xn-Xzan√msX ]s¶-Sp-∏nt°-

≠-Xm-Wv. Cu Ime-L- -Ønse kap-

∂-X-cm-b CkvemanI Nn¥-I-∑m-cn-

sem-cmfpw a\p-jy-XzsØ Db¿Øn-∏n-

Sn® alm-\pam-b AlvaZnøm Pam-A-

Øns‚ \memw Jeo^ lkvdØv

an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv (d) ]d-bp-I-

bp-≠m-bn:

""`c-W-Iq-SsØ°pdn-®p≈ B[p-

\nI k¶ev]w Xs∂-bmWv as‰mcp

Nn¥m¿l-amb hnj-bw. tZio-bhpw

km¿∆-tZ-io-bhp-amb \nb-a-ß-fp-ambn

_‘-s∏-´-h¿ Xocp-am\nt°-≠Xpw

Ahsc _m[n-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp

auenI ]iv\-am-W-Xv. Hcp tÃ‰n¬

P\n® GsXm-cmƒ°pw B tÃ‰nse

\nb-a-\n¿ΩmWØn¬ ]¶p-≠m-bn-cn-

°Ww F∂p-≈-XmWv B ASn-ÿm\

k¶-ev]w.

""`c-WIqS-ßfpw \nba \n¿ΩmW

k -Ifpw sIm≠p\S-Øp-∂Xp kw_-

‘n® B[p-\nI aX\nc-t]£ k¶-

ev]-Øn¬ Hcp cmPyØv P\n® GsXm-

cmƒ°pw Abm-fpsS aXtam k¶-

ev]tam hnizm-ktam F¥p Xs∂-bm-

bmepw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb ]ucm-h-Im-

i-ßƒ P∑-kn-≤-am-bn- p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cu

A-h-Im-i-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw ][m\-am-

bn-´p -≈Xv Ipd-™-]£w \nb-a-

\n¿Ωm-W-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m-\p≈

Ah-kcw D≠m-I-W-sa-∂-X-sX.''

(kq-cn-\m-anse C‚¿ dn-eo-Py≥kv

I¨kƒ´≥kv tIm¨^≥kn¬

1991 Pqembv 31 \v sNbvX ]kw-K-

Øn¬ \n∂v. hnh. F≥. A_vZp-dlnw,

kXy-Zq-X≥, HIvtSm-_¿ 1993)

(Xp-S-cpw)

ZpJn-t°≠Ah-cpsS hm°p-Iƒ

\ns∂ Zp:Jn∏n-°mXn-cn-°-s´.

Xo¿®-bmbpw ]Xm-]-a-Xbpw

A√m -lp -h n -\ p -≈ -Xm -W v .

Ah≥ F√mw tIƒ°p-∂-

h\pw, F√mw Adn-bp-∂-h-\p-

am-Wv.

(hn:Jp¿-B≥ 10:66)

n


ip² JpÀ-Bsâ kwc-£-W-s¯-¸än ]kvXpX Znhy-KÙw Xs¶ ]Jym-]n¡p

Xs¶ ]Jym-]n-¡p-¶Xp t\m¡p-I:“kXy-ambpw Cu ]t_m-[-\-KÙwCd¡n-bXv \mw Xs¶-bmWv. XoÀ¨-bmbpw \mw Xs¶ AXns\ kwc-£n¡pw” (15:10) XpSÀ¶v 56-:78,79)Â C§s\ ImWp¶p: “\nÝ-b-ambpw CXp BZ-c-Wo-b-amb HcpJpÀ-B³ BIp-¶p. `Z-ambn AS-¨p-kq-£n-¡-s¸« Hcp KÙ-¯nÂ(A-Xp) ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶p.” XpSÀ¶p]d-bp-¶Xpw IqSn i²n-¡p-I: ""]cn-ip²-cm -¡-s¸-« -h -c -ÃmsX CXpkv]Àin-¡p-I-bnÃ'' (56:80).

hnip² JpÀ-B-s\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ_mly hpw B´-cnI-hp-amb FÃmkwc-£-Whpw AÃmlp Xs¶Gsä-Sp-¯-Xmbn ]Jym-]n-¡p-I-bmWnhn-sS. kµÀ`-h-imÂ HcpImcyw hyà-am-¡m³ BK-ln-¡p-I-bm-Wv. hnip² JpÀ-Bsâ en]n-bpsS kwc-£-Ws¯¸än Ckvemansâbpw hnip² JpÀ-B-sâbpw

hnaÀi-I-cmb Hmdn-bâ-en-Ìp-IÄAXnÂ ]K-Û-cmb temÀUv hneyw-ap-bn-dpw, PÀ½³ Hmdn-bâ-en-Ìmbt\mÂsUsI (Noldeke)sb t]mep-Å-hcpw k½-Xn-¨-Xm-Wv. 1400 hÀj-§Ä¡p ap¼p apl-½Zv temI¯pkaÀ¸n¨ AtX JpÀ-B³ Xs¶bmsXmcp Iq«n-t¨À¡-ep-IÄt¡m,hn«p-I-f-bepIÄt¡m CSw hcmsXbmsXmcp amä-hp-an-ÃmsX C¶pw\ne -\nÂ¡p¶p F¶-Xm -WXv .CXnÂ \n¶pw kwc-£-W-¯nsâBZy-]-Sn -bmb en]n-bpsS kwc-£Ww ChnsS ]qÀ®-am-hp-¶p.F¶mÂ CXnepw ][m\w hnip²JpÀ-Bsâ B´cn-I-amb kwc-£-W-am -Wv. C¶p apkvenwI-fnÂImWp¶ Ahm-´c hn`m-K-§fpwAhÀ X½n-eÅ kv]À²-Ifpw A`n-]m-b-`n-¶-XI-fpw AÀ°-§-fnÂ\n¶pw hymJym-\-§-fnÂ \n¶pw DS-se-Sp-¯-Xm-Wv. ""]cn-ip-²-c-ÃmsXCXns\ kv]Àin-¡p-I-bnÃ” F¶hN\w hfsc ]m[m-\y-aÀln-¡p-¶p . hnip² JpÀ -B-\nse

]kvXpX Bb¯p (kqàw)t]mepw hym Jym -\ n -¡m -\ÅAÀlX apkvenw hymJym -Xm -¡Ä¡v CÃmsX t]mbn. CXp-sh-¨p-sImp KmÔnPnbpsS ]mÀ°-\m-th-f -bnÂ hnip² JpÀ-B³]mcm-bWw sN¿p¶ ]Xn-hn-s\-Xnsc apkvenwIÄ PnlmZv hnfn \S-¯n -b-Xmbn Rm³ HmÀ¡p-¶p.hnip² JpÀ-Bsâ Cu hN\w_mly-amb hr¯n-tb-¡mÄ IqSp-XÂ B´-cn-I-amb ]cn-ip-²n-tb-bmWv hnfw-_cw sN¿p-¶-Xv. ‘hpfp’(tZ-l-ip-²n-)tbm-Sp-IqSn JpÀ-B³]cm-bWw sN¿-emWv Xncp-kp-¶-¯v. ]s£ AXnsâ Bßo-b-hisa´m-¶mÂ lrZ-b-]-cn-ip-²n-bp-Å-hÀ kv]Àin-¡p-t¼m-tg hnip-²-JpÀBsâ AÀ°-¯nepw hymJym-\-¯n-ep-apÅ A´-Ê¯ a\-Ên-em-hp-I-bp-Åq F¶-Xm-Wv. AXnsât]mcm-bva-bmWv KmÔn-Pn-tbmSpAhÀ A§s\ s]cp-am-dm³ Imc-W-am-b-Xv. hnip² JpÀ-B³ am\-h-tem-I-¯nsâXm-Wv. AXv ]mcm-

kpsse-am≥ \_n(-A)

sI´p-I-Y-I-fpsS XS-h-d-bn¬

G.-]n. Ipªmap

hn

\ΩpsS hntbm-Pn-∏p-Iƒ 19

Ck-tb¬ ]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ cmPXzw sIm≠v A\p-Kr-lo-X-\mb

lkvdØv kpsse-am≥ \_n (A) sb ]‰n-bp≈ Kl-\-amb Jp¿-B-\nI

]Xn-]m-Z-\ß-ƒ°v apkvenw ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ F-gp-Xnb hymJym-\-ßƒ

sI´p-I-Y-Isf AXn-i-bn-∏n-°p∂ A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fm-Wv.

28 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

bWw sN¿p-¶-Xv XS-bm³ BÀ¡pw Ah-Im-i-an-Ãm-¯-Xm-Wv.

kXy -Z q -Xsâ Xmfp -I -f nÂFsâ teJ-\-§-fnÂ aäp apkvenwI-£n-I-fpsS ZpÀhymJym-\-§Ä¡pwhnizm-k-§Ä¡pw hncp-²-amb Imcy-§Ä A\m-h-cWw sN¿m³ ian-¨p-sIm-n-cn -¡p-I-bm-Wv. C\nbpw[mcmfw sXfn-hpI-Ä FSp¯p²-cn-¡m³ km[n-¡pw. hnip² JpÀ-Bsâ hymJym-\-§Ä A´y\mÄhsc Im -e -L-« -¯n -\ -\p -k-cn¨ v\ÂtI-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. hnip² JpÀ-Bs\¸än hnip² JpÀB³ ]d-ªp-X-cp-¶Xv B XXzw Xs¶-bm-Wv. ""GgpkmK-c-§Ä ajn-bm-bepwtemI-¯nse ac -¨n -Ã -I -sfÃmwXqenI -bm -bmepw AXnsâhymJym\w Ah-km-\n-¡n-Ã. GgpkmK-c-§Ä ]p\x-]-Xnjv-Tn-¨mepwaXn-bm-hp-I-bn-Ã.'' At¸mÄ C\nbpwhfscb[nIw hymJym-\-§Ä ]Xo-£n-¡mw. FÃm \qäm-nsâ Xe-¡epw AÃmlp apP-±n-Zpamsc Ab-¨p -sImv hnip² JpÀ -BsâBßo-bX \ne-\nÀ¯n. F¶mÂ]Xn-\memw \qäm-m-Ip-t¼m-tg¡pwapkvenwI-fnÂ¯s¶ `n¶-X-IÄià-ambn¯ocp -Ibpw aäp aX-Øcpw, Hmdn-bâ-en-kväp-Ifpw hnip-² JpÀ-Bsâ hymJym-\-§fnÂIb-dn-¸n-Sn¨p hnaÀin-¡m\pw XpS-§n. Cu Ime-L-«-¯nÂ \n¶pwico-A-¯ns\¯s¶ ]p\x-Øm-]n-¡m-\pw, kpc¿m \£-X-¯n-te¡vDbÀ¶p-t]mb Cuams\ ]p\x-]-Xn-jvTn -¡m\pw hnip² JpÀ-Bsâ"aAvc n^¯v' temI -k -a£w]tLm-jn-¡m-\p-ambn CkvemanÂhmKvZ¯ al-Zo-a-kolv BK-X-\m-Ip-sa¶v Xncp-ta-\nbpsS (k:A)]hN\w lk¯v AlvaZv (A)-ansâ BK-a-\-t¯msS ]qÀ¯n-bm-bn. At±-lhpw At±-l-¯nsâhmKvZ-¯-]p-X-\mb apkvenlv au-DuZv lk¯v anÀkm- _iodp-±o³alvaqZv Alva-Zv(-d) temI-k-a£wkaÀ¸n¨ hnip² JpÀ-Bsâ hym

Jym\w Cu Ime-L-«-¯nse almÛp-X-am-Wv. AXnse \pdp-§p-I-fmWv Fsâ Cu ia-¯nsâ ]n¶n-epÅ ]tNm-Z-\w.

kpsse-am³ \_n(-A)sb¸än-bpÅ Ncn - X -¯nsâ `mK-§Ähnip² JpÀ-B-\nÂ ImWp-¶p-v.AXn\v apkvenw hymJym-Xm-¡Ä\ÂIp¶ ]e IY-Ifpw \ap¡vkp]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv. At±-l-¯nsâkm_(t]Àjy) F¶ Øe-t¯-¡pÅ Hcp ]S-tbm-«s¯ kw_-Ôn¨p hnip² JpÀ -B-\nseAÂ\aÂ F¶ A²ym-b-¯nÂ]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶p-v. B ]tZiw`cn -¨n -cp¶ “_Â¡okvv” F¶pt]cpÅ cm-ÚnsbÊw_-Ôn-¨pwAXnÂ ]Xn -]m - Z n -¡p¶pv .]kvXpX kw`-h-§Äs¡Ãmw HcpAam-\p-jnI ]cn-thjw \ÂIn-s¡mmWv apkvenw hymJym-Xm-¡Ä AXn-s\-sbÃmw hymJym-\n-¨n-«p -Å-Xv. kqd A¶a-enÂ 17þmwhN\w apXÂ 45þmw hN\w hsc]kvXpX kw`hw C§s\ hnh-cn-¡p-¶p: “kpsse-am³ Zmhq-ZnsâAh-Im-in-bm-bn. At±lw ]dªp:""Hm, a\p-jytc, ]£n-I-fpsS `mj-IÄ F\n¡v ]Tn- n-¡-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶p.(B-h-iy-am-b) FÃm Imcy-§fpwR§Ä ¡v \ÂI-s¸«-«n-v. XoÀ¨-bmbpw CXp kv]jvS-amb A\p-K-l-am-Wv. (-H-cn-¡Â) kpsse-amsâap¼msI Pn¶p -I -fnÂ \n¶pwC³kp-I-fnÂ \n¶pw ]£n-I-fnÂ\n¶p-apÅ At±-l-¯nsâ ssk\y-§Ä Hcp-an¨p Iq«-s¸«p. F¶n«vAhÀ ]e hIp-¸p-I-fmbn Iao-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp -Ibpw sNbvXp. (]ns¶AhÀ ]pd-s¸-«p) A§s\ AhÀhmZn-¶wenÂ F¯n-b-t¸mÄ \wep-kap-Zm-b-¯nse \we¯v ]d-ªp:""\aÂ kap-Zm-bta, \n§Ä \n§-fpsS hoSp-I-fnÂ ]th-in-¡p-I.kpsse -am\pw At± -l¯nsâssk\y-§fpw Adn-bm¯ \ne-bnÂ\n§sf XIÀ¡m-Xn -c n -¡-s«'' .At¸mÄ \we-¯nsâ hm¡v tI«p

k´p-jvS-\mbn At±lw (kp-sse-am³) Nncn-¨p. At±lw ]d-ªp:""Fsâ \mYm, \o F\n¡pw FsâamXm-]n-Xm-¡Ä¡pw sNbvXp-X¶A\p-K-l-¯n-\v \µn ]I-Sn-¸n-¡m\pw \o Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp¶ kÂ¡Àa-§Ä A\p-jvTn-¡m\pw Fs¶ A\p-K-ln-¡p-Ibpw \nsâ ImcpWywsImp \nsâ kZvhr¯-cmb Zmk-·m-cnÂ \o Fs¶ DÄs¸Sp¯p-Ibpw sN¿-W-ta. At±lw ]£n-Isf ]cn-tim-[n¨p. At±lw ]d-ªp: ""F\n¡v F´p-]-än? Rm³lpZ vlp -Zns\ ImWp-¶n -Ã -tÃm.AYhm Ah³ a\x-]qÀÆw A]-Xy-£-ambXmtWm? XoÀ¨-bmbpwRm\-hs\ ITn-\-ambn in£n-¡p¶-Xm -Wv . AsÃ-¦nÂ Rm\-hs\sIm¶p-I-f-bpw. AXp-a -sÃ-¦nÂAh³ F\n¡v (Xsâ Akm-¶n-²y-¯n-\v) kv]jvSamb hÃ sXfnhpwsImp-h-c-Ww. A§s\ At±lwAev]w Xma-kn¨p. (A-t¸m-tg-¡pwlpZvlp-Zv h¶p) C§s\ ]d-ªp:""Xm¦Ä Adn -ªn-«n -Ãm¯ HcpImcyw Rm³ icn¡pw Adn-ªn-«p- v . Rm³ ‘ k_-CÂ ’ \n¶ vkq£va-amb Hcp hnh-chpw sImmWv Xm¦-fpsS ASp-¡Â h¶n«p-Å-Xv. AhnsS Hcp kvXo Ah-cpsStaÂ B[n-]Xyw hln-¡p-¶-XmbnRm³ Ip. FÃm hkvXp ¡-fnÂ\n¶pw (B-h-iy-am-bXp) AhÄ¡p\ÂI-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. AhÄ¡v Hcphenb knwlm-k-\-ap-v. AhfpwAh-fpsS P\-§fpw AÃm-lp-hns\hn«v kqcys\ kmjvSmwKw ]Wan-¡p-¶-Xmbn) Rm³ Ip. ]nimNvAhÀ¡v X§-fpsS ]hÀ¯-\-§sf Aew-Ir-X-ambn ImWn-¨p-sIm-Sp -¯n-cn -¡-bm-Wv. A§-s\]nimNv Ahsc t\À amÀ¤-¯nÂ\n¶pw XS-ªp-\nÀ¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.AXn-\mÂ AhÀ t\ÀamÀ¤w ]m]n-¡p-¶n-Ã. BIm-i-§-fnepw `qan-bnepw ad-ªp-In-S-¡p-¶-sXÃmw]pd-¯p-sIm-p-h-cp-Ibpw \n§Äad- p-sh-¡p-¶Xpw shfn-hm-¡p-¶-Xp-


amb Imcy-§Ä Adn-bp-¶-h-\pambAÃm-lp-hns\ kmjvSmwKw ]W-an-¡m-Xn-cn -¡m³ AÃmlp, Ah-\-ÃmsX Bcm-[-\-¡Àl³ aäm-cp-an-Ã.Ah³ aln-X-knw-lm-k-\-¯nsâA[n-]-\m-Ip-¶p.'' At±lw (kp-sse-am³) ]dªp: ""\o kXy-amtWm ]d-bp-¶Xv. AÃ, \o IÅw]d-bp -¶-h-cnÂs¸«-h-\mtWm''?F¶p DSs\ \ap¡v t\m¡mw.Fsâ Cu Fgp¯p \o sImp-t]mbn Ah-cn-te¡v C«p-sIm-Sp-¡p-I. F¶n«v Ah-cnÂ \n¶v ]n³am-dn-\nÂ¡p-I. ]ns¶ AhÀ F´p adp-]Sn \ÂIp¶psh¶v t\m¡p-I. (BFgp-¯p-In-«n-b-t¸mÄ) AhÄ ]d-ªp: ""G ][m-\n-Itf, BZ-c-Wo-b-amb Hcp enJnXw F\n¡v e`n-¨n-cn -¡p-¶p. AXv kpsse-am -\nÂ\n¶p-Å-Xm-Wv. ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pwIcp-Wm-a-b-\p-amb AÃm-lp-hnsâ\ma -¯nÂ DÅ-Xm -Wv. \n§ÄFsâ taÂ ta[m-hnXzw Øm]n-¡m³ Hcp-t§-. \n§Ä kzta-[bm Iog-S-§n-s¡mp Fsâ ASp-¡-te¡v hcn-I'. AhÄ ]dªp:""][m-\n-Itf, Fsâ Imcy- nÂ \n-§Ä Hc-`n-]mbw F\n¡v ]d-ªp-X-cn-I. \n§Ä FsâbSp-¡Â k¶n-ln-X-cmbn A`n-]mbw ]d-ªp-X-cp-¶Xv hsc Rm³ Hcp Imcy-¯n\pwXocp-am\w Iev]n-¡m-dn-Ã''. AhÀ(][m-\n-IÄ) ]d-ªp: ""R§Äià-cm-Wv. tLm-k-a-c-tbm-²m-¡-fp-am-Wv. ]s£ Xocp-am\w sN¿p-hm-\pÅ A[n-Imcw Xm¦Ä¡m-Wv.AXn-\mÂ Xm¦Ä F´p Iev]n-¡p-¶p-sh¶pw Xm¦ÄXs¶ Nn-ń-¨m-epw. AhÄ ]dªp: ""cmPm-¡-·mÀHcp Øe¯v ]th-in-¨mÂ AhÀAXns\ XIÀ¯p-I-f-bp-Ibpw B\m«nse Bfp-I-fnÂ am\y-·msc\nµy-cm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. AhÀA§-s\-bmWv sN¿p-I. Rm³AhÀ¡v Hcp k½m\w sImSp-¯-b-¡p -I -bm -Wv . F¶n« v ZqX -·mÀF´pw -sIm-mWv Xn-cn-¨p-h-cp-¶-sX¶p ]Xo-£n-¡mw. A§s\

cmÚn-bpsS ZqX³ kpsse-amsâASp -¡Â h¶-t¸mÄ At±lwtNmZn-¨p: ‘\n§Ä [\w sImpFs¶ klm-bn -¡p -I -bmtWm?A§-s\-bm-sW-¦nÂ (HmÀ½n-¡pI)AÃmlp F\n¡v \ÂIn-bn-«p-ÅXv\n§Ä¡v \ÂIn-b-Xn-t\-¡mÄ D -a-am-Wv. ]s£ \n§Ä \n§-fpsSk½m-\-¯nÂ A`n-am\w sImÅp-¶p. \o Ah-cpsS ASp-¡Â aS-§n-s¨¶p (Ah-tcmSp) ]d -bp -I:AhÀ¡v FXnÀ¡m³ km[n-¡m¯ssk\y-§-fp-ambn XoÀ¨-bmbpw\mw Ah-cpsS ASp -¡ -te¡vsNÃpw. F¶n«v B \m«nÂ \n¶pwAhsc lo\-cmbn Iog-S-¡nb \ne-bnÂ ]pd-¯m-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw''.At±lw (kp-sse-am³) tNmZn-¨p:""][m-\n-Itf, AhÀ Iog-S§n-s¡m-p Fsâ ASp-¡Â hcp-¶-Xn\vaps¼ \n§-fnÂ BcmWv Ah-fpsSknwlm-k\w F\n¡v sImp-h-¶p-X-cn-I?'' Pn¶p--I-fnÂ \n¶pÅ Hcpt\Xmhv (C^vco¯v) ]d-ªp:""Xm¦fpsS Øm\¯p \n¶v Xm¦Ät]mIp-¶-Xn-\p-ap-¼mbn AXv Rm³Xm¦Ä¡v sImp-h¶p Xcmw.Rm³ ià\pw hniz-kvX-\p-am-Wv.At¸mÄ KÙ-¯nÂ \n¶pÅAdnhv Ic-Ø-am-¡nb HcmÄ ]d-ªp: ‘Xm¦-Ä I®p Nn½n-¯p-d-¡p-¶ -Xn -\p -a p -¼mbn Rm³ AXpXm¦Ä¡v sImp -h -¶p -X -cmw.A§s\ kpsse-am³ AXp XsâASp¯v ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶-Xmbn¡-t¸mÄ At±lw ]dªp: ""CXvFsâ \mYsâ A\p-K-l-§-fnÂ\n¶p-Å-Xm-Wv. Rm³ IrX-Ú-X-bmtWm Ir-XLv\X-bmtWm ImWn-¡p¶Xv F¶v ]co-£n-¡p-hm³thn. GsXm-cmÄ \µn ImWn-¡p-¶pthm AbmÄ Xsâ kz´w KpW-¯n\v thn Xs¶-bmWv \µnImWn¡p-¶-Xv. Bsc-¦nepw \µn-tISv ImWn-¡p-¶-Xm-bmÂ \nÝ-b-ambpw Fsâ \mY³ kzmib\pwHuZm-cy-hm-\p-am-Ip-¶p.'' At±lw]dªp: ""\n§Ä Ah-fpsS

knwlm-k-\s¯ AhÄ¡v \nÊm-c-am-¡n-ImWn¡p-I. AhÄ t\ÀamÀ¤w ]m]n -¡ptam AsÃ-¦nÂAhÄ t\ÀamÀ¤w ]m]n-¡m-¯-h-cnÂ DÄs¸-«p -t]m -Iptam F¶v\ap¡v t\m¡mw.'' ]n ¶oSv AhÄh¶-t¸mÄ ""C§s\ Xs¶-bmtWm\nsâ knwlm-k \w?'' F¶p tNmZn-¡-s¸«p. AhÄ ]dªp: ""CXpAXp-t]m-se-bp-v. R§Ä¡v CXn-\p-ap-¼p-Xs¶ Adn-hp-e-`n-¨n-«p-v.R§Ä Iog-S-§n-b-h-cm-bn-¡-gn-ªn-cp-¶p''. AÃm-lp-hn-\v ]pdsa AhÄBcm-[n -¡m -dp -m -bn -cp -¶-XnÂ\n¶pw kpsse-am³ Ahsf XS-ªp. XoÀ -bmbpw AhÄ Ahn-izm-kn-I-fnÂs¸«-h-fm-bn-cp-¶p. "sIm«m-c- nÂ ]th-in-¡pI' F¶-h-tfmSp]d -b -s¸ -«p . A§s\ Ah-fXvIt¸mÄ AXv Bg-apÅ Hcp Pe-kw-`cWn-bm-sW¶v [cn-¨p. AhÄ]cn-`-an-¨p. At¸mÄ kpsse-am³]d-ªp: ""CXp an\p-k-apÅ kv^Sn-Iw -sImp \nÀ½n¨ sIm«m-c-am-W v . '' AhÄ ]dªp: “ Fsâ\mYm, Rm³ kz bw Ft¶mSvXs¶ A[À½w ]hÀ ¯n-¨p -t]mbn. kpsse-am-t\m-sSm¸w kÀÆ-temI ]cn-]m-e-I-\mb AÃm-lp-hn\p Rm³ kzbw AÀ¸WwsNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p.” Cu hnh-c-W-§Ä¡p ]pdsa 21:83-þÂ kpsse-am³ \_n¡v (A) ap§Â hnZ-Kv[-cmb ssi¯m-·msc A[o-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-Sp -¯-Xmbn ImWp-¶p.34:13 Â kpsse-am³ \_n¡v (A)Imäns\ A[o-\-s -Sp- n-s¡m-Sp- -Xmbpw Pn¶p-I-fnÂ Nne-sc A[o-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡mSp¯Xmbpw AhÀkpsse-am³ \_n(-A)¡v sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-¯ tkh-\s¯]änbpw ]cm-aÀin-¡p¶pv. 38:37, 38 Â ap §ÂhnZ-Kv[-sç-änbpw \nÀ½m-W-tPm-en-bnÂ hnZ-Kv[-cm-b-hsçänbpw ssi-¯m³ F¶ ]cm-aÀiw Dv.

hymJym-Xm-¡Ä kpsse-am³\_n(-A)-sb kw_-Ôn¨v hnip²JpÀ-B-\nÂ ]cm-aÀin-¡p¶ Cu

30 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

Ncn -Xs¯ bmYmÀ°y-hp -ambn_Ô-an-Ãm¯ thXmf IY t]mseNnXo-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡-bm-Wv. At±-l-¯nsâ ssk\y-¯nÂ ssi¯m-·m-cpw, Pn¶p-I-fpw, ]£n-I-fp-sams¡Dm-bncps¶¶pw At±-l-¯n\v]£n-I-fp-tSbpw Ddp-¼n-sâbpw mjAdn-bmambn-cps¶¶pw At±-l-¯n¶v tj_m cm-Únsb¸änbpwk_m-cm-Pys¯¸änbpw Ah-cpsSAc-a-\-bnse FÃm cl-ky-§fpw\nKq-V-X-Ifpw At±-l-¯n\v ]d-ªp-sIm-Sp-¯Xv Hcp acw sIm¯n]£n -bm -bncps¶¶pw tj_mcmÚn kqcys\ Bcm-[n-¡p-¶-h-fm-bncps¶¶pw aäp-apÅ Ah-cpsSBßo-b-h-is¯¸än -t]mepw acw-sIm¯n ]£n hnhcw \ÂIn-sb-¶mWv ]dbp-¶-Xv. ]n¶oSv At±-l-¯n\v tj_m cmÚn kzbw Iog-S -§n . cmÚnsb thÄ¡m³tamln¨ kpsse-am³ \_n(-A)cmPvRn-bpsS IW-¦m-enÂ tcma-ap-s¶ kwi-b-\n-hr¯n-¡mbn HcpPe-kw-`-cWn Dm¡n AXnsâtase ¥mÊv hncn-¨p-sImp ]Xy-£-¯nÂ shÅamsW¶p Icp-XnbcmÚn Xsâ hkvXw s]s«¶vs]m¡p-Ibpw At¸mÄ kpsse-am³\_n-bpsS (A) kwibw AtXmsSXocp-Ibpw At±lw Ahsc `mcy-bm¡n kzoI-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn IY -I -f nÂ ImWp -¶p .F¶mÂ ss__nÄ IY ]cn-tim-[n-¨mÂ Cu cmÚnsb kzoI-cn-¨-Xn\v tijw kpsse-am³ \_n(-A)bpw GI-ssZ-h-kn-²m- - nÂ \n¶vhyXn-N-en-¨-Xmbn ]d-ªn-«p-v.ss__nÄ ]cm-aÀi-§-fnÂ ]hmN-I-·m-cnÂ ]e-tcbpw \nµn¨p Fgp-Xp -¶-XnÂ bmsXmcp ep_v[pwImWn-¡m-dn-Ã. eq¯v \_nsb (A)¸än, At±lw aZy-]n¨v kz´ws]¬a-¡-fp -ambn ibn -¨ -Xmbnss__n -f nÂ hmbn -¡mw. Hcpkm[m-c-W-¡m-c\p-t]m epw Ad-¸p-tXm-¶p-¶ B`m-k-¯-c§Ä Hcp]hm-N-I-\nÂ Btcm-]n-¡p-t¼mÄ

]ns¶ km[m-c-W-¡m-c\v F´mWvsNbvXp-Iq-Sm-¯Xv F¶pÅnS-t¯-¡mWv A\p-hm-N-Isc F¯n-¡pIF¶ Imcyw hfsc kv]jvS-am-Wv.

_\q Ckm-boÂ, Aeªp\S-¶n-cp¶ Hcp tKmX P\w amX-am-bn-cp-¶p. AhÀ Hcp cmP- -c-W- n-\p-thn hf-sc-b-[nIw BK-ln- p.XXv^-e-ambn iuÂ (_n.-kn. 1028-þ1013) Ck-tbÂ P\--XbpsS cmP-hm-bn. Ckm-tbÂ P\-X-bpsS cm-as¯ cmPm-hmWv ZmhoZv AYhmZmhqZv \_n(A) (_n.-kn. 973 þ933). At±-l-¯nsâ aI-\m-bn-cp¶ptkmf-a³ AYhm kpsse-am³\_n(-A). cmPm-[n-Imcw ]nXm-hnÂ\n¶pw ]mc-¼-cy-ambn aI\v e`n-t¨¡mw. F¶mÂ ]hm-N-IXzwA§-s\-b-Ã. ZmhqZv \_n(-A) Hcphoc-]-cm-I-anbpw `à-\mb ssZh-Zm-k\pw- Hcp \b-X-´-hn-Z-Kv[\p-am-bn-cp-¶p. ChÀ cp-t]-cp-tSbpw c-W-Im-ew blq-Z-·m-cpsS kphÀ®-Im-e-am-bn-cp-¶p. Ckm-tb-eycpsSFÃm tKmX-§-tfbpw Um³ apXÂ(Dan) _mÀtj_ (Barsheba)hscbpÅ-hsc Hcp irwJ-e-bnÂtImÀ¯n-W¡n ià-amb Hcp P\-X-bm-¡n-¯oÀ¯Xpw Zmhq-Zv\-_n(-A) Bbn-cp-¶p. At±-l-¯nsâ`cWw bq^-äokv apXÂ ss\Âhsc hym]n-¨n-cp-¶p. kpsse-am³\_n( -A) Xsâ cmPy -s¯bpwkwtbm-Pn-¸n¨p H¶m¡n ià-am-¡n -¯oÀ¯p. bp²\n]p -W\pwPvRm-\nbpamb Hcp c-W-IÀ¯m-hm-bn-cp -¶p tkmf-a³. At±-lwhym]m-chpw I¨-h-Shpw hntZicmPy-§-fp-am-bpÅ hym]n-¸n -¨p.At±lw Ckm-tbÂ cmPm-¡-·m-cnÂ t]cp tI« \nÀ½m-W-]-hÀ¯-I-\p-am-bn -cp -¶p. Pdp-k-te-ansekp]-kn-²-amb Pdp-kew sS¼nÄ(ssl¡Â kpsse-am\n), Ct±-l-amWv ]Wn-X-Xv. CXmWv Ckm-tb-ey-cpsS Jn_vebm-bn-¯oÀ¶Xv.Ct¸mgpw AXnsâ AhinjvSwblq-Zn-IÄ kwc£n-¨n-«p-v. ChÀ

cp-t]À¡pw AÃmlp FÃm Adn-hp-I-fp-S-bptSbpw hmXm-b-\-§ÄXpd¶p-sIm-Sp-¯n-cp-¶p. Ah-cpsSIme¯p bp²-ap-d-I-fn-epÅ Úm\-§-fpw, ISÂbm-X-Isf ]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp -¯n -bpÅ hym]m -c -§fpwhfsc A`nhr²n ]m]n-¨n-cp-¶p.sba³ hsc-bpÅ Ad-_n-cm-Py-§-fp-ambn hym]m-c-_Ôw Øm]n-¨Xpw I¸Â \nÀ½m-W-cwKw \ho-I-cn- Xpw sN¼p J\n-IÄ ]hÀ -\-£-a-am -¡n-bXpw kpsse-am³\_nbpsS (-A) Ime-¯m-sW¶vNcn - X-¯nÂ ImWmw. At±-l-¯nsâ Ime¯v C§v tIc-f-¡-c-bnÂhsc I -ep-IÄ h¶-Xmbn Ncn-X-Im-c-·mÀ ]d-bp-¶p. apI-fnÂ ]d-b-s¸« hnip² JpÀ-Bsâ Bb- p-IÄ C\n ]cn-tim-[n-¨mÂ kpsse-am³ \_nbpsS (A) `c-W-ss\-]p-Wys¯¸än \ap¡v IqSp-XÂ a\-Ên-em-¡mw. ]£n-I-fpsS mj ]Tn-¸n -¡-s¸«p F¶p ]d-bp -¶p-v.At±-l- nsâ Ime¯p ktµ-i-§-f-b-¡m³ ]£n-Isf ]cn-io-en-¸n-¨Xmbn a\-Ên-em-Ip-¶p. At±-l-¯nsâ ImemÄ¸-S-bnÂ Pn¶pw,a\p-jycpw ]£n-Ifpw Dm-bn-cp¶pF¶pw Ah-sbsbms¡ Hmtcm]tXyI hn`m-K-ambn Xcw-Xn-cn-¨-Xp-ambn ChnsS ]d-ªn-cn -¡p-¶p.ChnsS Pn¶v F¶pw aäp Nne Øe-§-fnÂ ssi¯m³ F¶pw ]d-ªXv ae-¼tZ-i-\n -hm-kn-Isfkw_-Ôn-¨m-Wv. Ckm-bo -ey -c -Ãm¯ ià-cmb ae-\n-hm-kn-IÄAt±-l-¯nsâ ImemÄ¸-S-bnseHcp hn`m -K -am -bn -cp -¶p. AtX-t]mse, _p²n D]-tbm-Kn¨p bp²-ap-d-IÄ Adn-bp¶ a\p-jy-cnÂs¸-«-hcpw, IpSm-sX, ChnsS ]£n-IÄF¶ ]Zw ]bp-à-am-Ip-¶Xv ]S-¡p-Xn-c-Isf¡pdn-¨m-Im-\mWv km[y-X.At±l¯nsâ ImemÄ¸-S -bnÂIpXn-c-¸-«mfw hfsc ià-ambncp-s¶¶v a\-Ên-em-Ip¶p. JpÀB\nse aäp Øe-§-fnepw At±-l-¯n\v IpXn-c-I-fn-epÅ I¼w ]tXyIw


A\pkvac n -¡p -¶p - v . \½ÄXq^m³ IpXnc Fs¶ms¡ ]d-bp-¶-]-Im-c-apÅ IpXn-c-Isf ‘ssYÀ’F¶ ]Zw sImp hnti-jn-¸n-¡m-dp-v. ]£n ]d-¡p-¶-t]mse AXbpw th-K-X-bnÂ HmSp¶ IpXn-csbAd-_n-bnÂ ‘ssYÀ’ F¶ ]ZwsImp hnti-jn-¸n-¡m-dp-v. IqSmsX ktµ-i-§fb-¡m³ km£mÂ]£n-I-sf -¯s¶ kpsse-am³\_n(-A) ]cn-io-en- n- n-cn-¡mw. Hcp]S-tbm-«-¯nÂ A¯cw Hcp kwhn-[m\w FSp- p-]-d-b- ¡-cq-]- nÂDm-bn-cn -¡-bn-Ã. AXp-sImpssYÀ (]-£n) F¶-]-tbmKw IpXn-c-¸-Ssb kw_-Ôn-¨m-bn -cn -¡pw.CXp-Iq-SmsX Bßo-b-ho-£-W-¯nepw CXp ]mtbm-Kn-I-am-Wv.ImcWw Bßo-b-hn -lm-b-ÊnÂk©cn-¡p¶ ]cn-ip-²-cmb Bßob Úm\n-Ifpw ]£n-sb¶ hn]p-e-amb AÀ°-¯nÂ hcpw. At¸mÄ At±-l-¯nsâ kaq-l-¯nÂkm[m-c-W-P-\-§-fpw, Bßo-b-ho-£-W-ap-Å-h-cpw, ae-\n-hm-kn-IfmbIm«p-Pm-Xn-¡mcpw imco-cn-I-ambF´p-]-hr-¯nbpw sN¿m³ Icp¯pÅ-hcpw A§s\ FÃm-hn-`mKhpw tNÀ¶pÅ Hcp ssk\nIhyql-amWv At±-l-¯nsâ IqsS]S-tbm-«-¯nÂ ]s¦-Sp¯ncp-¶XvF¶p a\-Ên-em-Ip-¶p. Kl-\-ambAÀ° [z\n-I-fpÅ C¯cw ]Z-]-tbmKw hfsc XXz-Úm-\-]-c-hpwKqVmÀ°-§pÄs¡mÅp-¶-Xp-am-sW¶v \ap¡v Is-¯m³ km[n-¡pw. AXp-Xs¶--bmWv Hcp ]Im-c-¯nÂ JpÀ-Bsâ Aam-\p-jn-I-X.At¸mÄ kpsse-am³ \_n (A)“km_m” F¶ Øe¯v h¼n ¨k¶m-l-§-tfmsS Hcp ]S-tbm«w\S -¯nbn -cp¶ cwK -amWv \mwChnsS ImWp-¶-Xv. CXnÂ D¶XØm\obÀ AYhm ssk\nI Hm^o-kÀamÀ (Pn-¶v) km[m-c-W ImemÄ(C³kv) AXn-th-K- nÂ Nen¡p¶ssk\nI hyqlw (]-£n-IÄ) F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ hn`m-K-¡m-cpm-bn-

cps¶¶pw Be-¦m-cn-I-ambn \ap-¡-Xns\ hymJym-\n-¡m-hp-¶-XmWv.

AhÀ hgnas²y “hmZn \wev ”(“D-dp¼nsâ Xmgvhc” ) F¶ Øe¯v F¯n. At¸mÄ AhnsS Dm-bn-cp¶ “\avsseäv” F¶p t]cpÅB Xmgvhc-bnse Hcp t\Xmhv Ah-cpsS mj-bnÂ Dds¡ hnfn¨p ]d-ªp: "G \aÂ hmkn-Itf,' \n§-sfÃmw \n§-fpsS hoSp -I -fnÂ]thin -¡p -I . kpsse -am\pw]Sbpw hcp-¶p-v. AhÀ Adn-bmsX \n§sf hI-h-cp- pw' Ch-cpsS`mj Adn-bm-hp¶ kpsse-am ³\_n-(A) Cu hm¡p-IÄ tI«-t¸mÄ hfsc k´p-jvS-\m-bn. At±-l-¯n\pw At±-l-¯nsâ ]qÀÆn-I·mÀ¡pw AÃmlp \ÂInb A\p-K-lw A\p-kva-cn-¡p-Ibpw IqSp-XÂ iàn-bmbn ssZh-t¯mSp]mÀ°n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

taÂ`mKw hymJym-\n -¡p¶Imcy-¯nepw apkvenw hymJym-Xm-¡Ä¡v sXäp-]-än-b-Xmbn ImWp-¶p.“hmZn-\wev ” AXp icn¡pw Ddp-¼p-I-fpsS Hcp Xmgvhcbmbpw Ah-tcmSvkpsse-am³ \_nbpw ]Sbpw hcp-¶p-s¶pw DSs\ hoSp-I-fnÂ ]-th-in-¡m\pw AÃm-¯-]£w \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb AhÀ Nhn-«n-sa-Xn-¡-s -Sp-sa¶p-Å -hmÀ¯ ]d-ªXv Ah-cpsS IqsS-bp-m-bn-cp¶ Ddp-¼mbHcp kvXobmbncp-s¶¶pw kpsse-am³ \_n¡v Ddp-¼nsâ mj Adn-bmambncp-¶XpsImv AXp a\-Ên-em-sb¶pw hymJym-\-§-fnÂImWp¶p.

]mNo -\ -Im -e -§ -f nÂ ]eXmgvhc-IÄ¡pw, tKmX-§Ä¡pwarK-§-fp-tS-bpw, aäp Pohn-I-fp-tSbpw t]cp-IÄ \ÂIm-dp-v. amkn³(Mazin) "Ddp-¼pI-fpsS ap«-IÄ' F¶ t]cpÅ Hcp tKmXw Atd-_y-bnÂ DÅ-Xmbn Hcp enJn-X-¯nÂRm³ In-«p-v. Iq-SmsX _n³A_qZmZv, _\q XKvem_v, _\qIÂ_v, _\q- \-aÂ F¶n-hbpw

AXn\v DZm-l-c-W-§-fm-Wv. cmam-b-W-¯nse iocm-a--Nµsâ (A) hm-\-c- -Sbpw C -c¯nÂ arK-§-fpsSt]cv kzoI-cn¨ Hcp tKmX-hÀ¤-am-bn-cn-¡mw. taÂ Bb-¯nepw A§-s\-bpÅ Hcp tKmX-hÀ¤s¯¸än-bmWv ]d-ªp-X-cp-¶-Xv. ChnsS]kvXpX tKmX-t\-Xmhv Ah-tcmSv]dª "\n§-fpsS hmk-Øew'F¶ ]tbmKw Xs¶ AXp a\p-jy-cmbncp-s¶¶v ImWn-¡p-¶p.“akm-Io-\Ipw” F¶ JpÀ-B-\nse]tbmKw aäp Øe-§-fnÂ ]tbm-Kn-¨Xpw a\p-jyÀ Xma-kn-¡p¶hoSp -IÄ¡v amX-am -Wv. (29:39;32 : 27 ) . C§s\ Hcp t]cpÅXmgvhc Uam-kvI-knÂ \n¶v lnPm-kn-te-¡pÅ hgn-bnÂ ImWmw.GXmv \qdp-ssaÂ Zqc-ap-mIpwAXnsâ ssZÀLyw. (]-g-b-ta-¸nepw]pXnb ta¸nepw CXv tcJ-s¸-«p-In-S-¡p-¶p-v). asämcp Ncn-X-Im-c³]kvXpX Øew ba-\n-em-sW¶vtcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. kpsse-am³ \_n-bpsS “km_” bnte-¡pÅ ]S-tbm-«-¯nÂ Cu ]tZ-i¯pIqsS IS-¶p-t]m-bn-cn-¡mw. kpsse-am³ \_nsb¸änbpw At± -l-¯nsâ ssk\ys¯Êw_-Ôn¨pw\oXnsb¸änbpw B ]tZ-i-¯p-Å-hÀs¡Ãmw Adn-bp-am-bn-cn -¡mw.AXmWv “\av-sse-än”sâ B lzm-\-¯nÂ \n¶pw a\-Ên-em-Ip-¶Xv.

(XpS-cpw)

NcnXw

_p≤n-am-∑m¿°vAh-cpsS NcnX hnh-c-W-

ß-fn¬ _p≤n-am≥am¿°v henb

]mT-ap-≠v. CXv sI´n-®-a® Hcp

hm¿Ø-b-√. t\sc adn®v CXn\v

apºp≈hbpsS km£m¬°m-c

hpw F√m Imcy-ß-fpsS hni-Zo-I-

c-Whpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v Hcp

am¿§-Z¿i-\hpw Imcp-Wy-hp-amWv.

hn. Jp¿-B≥ 12-:112

n

32 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

S-hqÀ hn`mKw apPm-ln-Zp-I-fpsS apJ-]-X-amb ‘i_m_v’ hmcn-IbpsS n_hcn

13se e¡-¯nÂ hmKvZ¯ alvZn-a-kolnsâ BK-a\w kw_-Ôn¨vD¶-bn-¡-s¸« tNmZy-¯n\v \ÂI-s¸« adp-]-Sn-bnÂ kXys¯ ASn-taÂ adn-¡p-hm³ ian-¡p-I-bpw,AlvaZn¿m Pam-A-¯n\p taÂA\ym-b-amb IS-¶p-I-b-ä-¯n\papXn-cp-I-bp-amWv sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.]kvXpX ]c-amÀi-§Ä¡v Hcp adp-]Sn \ÂIp-¶Xv kXym-t\z-jn-IÄ¡v ]tbm-P\w sN¿p-sa¶v Icp-Xp-¶-Xp-sIm-mWv Cu Ipdn-s¸-gp-Xp-¶-Xv. tNmZyw C]-Im-c-am-Wv.“apkvenw IÄ¡v A[x-]-X\w t\cn-Sp¶ Hcp-Im-es¯ änbpw AXnÂ\n¶pÅ tamN-\-s¯-¸änbpw hnip² JpÀ-B\pw \_n(-k)bpw ]h-Nn-¨n-«p-v. AXn\p ]Xn-hn-[n-bmbnAh-km-\-Im-e¯v AÃmlp lkvd¯v alvZn-a-kolns\ \ntbm-Kn-¡p-sa¶pw JpÀ-B-\nÂ AÃmlp hmKvZm\w sNbvX (24:25) Jnem-^¯v]p\-xØm-]n-¡p-sa¶pw ]hN\-ap-v. Camw alvZn BK-X-cm-bmÂaªn³I-«-bpsS taÂ Cg-ªp-t]m-bn-s«-¦nepw Xsâ kemw F¯n-¡-W-sa¶pw At±-l-¯nÂ ss_A¯v sN¿-W-sa¶pw \_n(-k)BPvRm-]n -¨p. apkvenwI-fpsS

PoÀ®X¡v ]Xn-hn[n CX-ÃmsXaäp GsX-¦nepw ]Øm-\-s¯tbmaäp hÃ amÀKtam AÃm-lpthm\_n(-k)tbm \nÀt±-in -¨n -«nÃ” .AlvaZn¿m apkvenw Pam-A-¯nsâHcp eLp-te-J-bnÂ \n¶v CXbpwD²-cn¨v hni-Zo-I-cWw Bh-iy-s¸-« tNmZy-IÀ¯m-hn-\pÅ adp-]-Sn-bn-emWv ‘i_m_v’ kzX-Ên-²-ambkXy-hn-tcm-[hpw Iui-ehpw ]I-Sn-¸n-¨n-«pÅXv.

apJm-ap-J-¡m-c³ ]d-bp¶p :“apkvenwIÄ BZÀi-]-Xn-_-²-X-bn-Ãm-¯-h-cm-bn-¯o-cp¶ Ime-L-«-s¯-¸än hnip -²-JpÀ -B-\nepw]mam-Wn-I-amb lZo-kp-I-fnepw]cm-aÀi-ap -s¶Xv icn-bm-Wv.F¶mÂ A[x-]-X-\-¯nÂ \n¶vapkvenw kaq-ls¯ tamNn-¸n-¡m³thn lkvd¯v alvZn akolvFs¶m-cmsf AÃmlp \ntbm-Kn-¡p-sa¶v bmsXmcp Bb-¯nepw lZo-knepw ]d-ªn-«n-Ã. alvZn F¶mÂk·mÀ¤-Nmcn F¶m-WÀ°w. k·mÀ¤-Nm-cnIfmb ]esc kw_Ôn¨pw lZo-knÂ ]cm-aÀi-ap-v. k·mÀ¤-Nm-cn-bmb t\Xm-hns\ apkvenwIÄ ]n´p-S-cWw F¶ Imcy-¯nÂBÀ¡pw XÀ¡-an-Ã” . apkvenwI-fpsS A[x-]-X-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v JpÀ-B-\nepw lZo-knepw ]cm-aÀi-ap-s¶v Aw-Ko -I-cn -¡p¶ i_m-

_vIm-c³ D¯-a- D-½¯nsâ tamN-\-¯n¶v Hcp amÀ¤w JpÀ-B\pwXncp-\-_n(-k)bpw \nÀt±-in-¡p-¶n-sÃ¶v X«n-hn-Sm³ [rjvS-\m-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. `qcn -]£ apkvenwIÄ\qlv \_n-bpsS Imes¯ shÃp¶inÀ ¡nÂ AI-s¸-«n -cn -¡p-I-bm-sW¶v DÂtLm-jn-¡p-¶-h-cmWvCcp-hn-`mKw apPm-ln-Zp-Ifpw þ kap-Zm-bs¯ _m[n-¨n-«pÅ [mÀ½n-I-tem]¯n-sâbpw BZÀi-iq-\y-X-bp-sSbpw NnXw GsXm-cm -sfbpwsR«n-¸n -¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. “CkvemwAXnsâ t]cnepw JpÀ -B³AXnsâ en]n-I-fnepw amX-ambnAh-ti-jn¡p” -sa¶ Xncp-\-_n(-k)bpsS ]h-N\w ]Xy£cw ]qÀ¯n-bm-b-Xmbn BW-bn-Sp¶ bph -ap-Pm-ln-Zp-IÄ Úm\-]-_p-²-cmb X§-fpsS ]WvUn -X -·m -sc -t¸mepwtcmKw ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v‘\oe-]p-kvXI’and¡n kaÀ°n-¡p-t¼mÄ, ]cn-lm-c-amÀ¤s¯ kw_-Ôn¨v JpÀ-B\pw l-Zokpw ]d-bp-¶n-sÃ¶v Xvh sN¿p-¶Xv ImWp-t¼mÄ BÝcyw tXm¶p-¶p. tcmK-apv; Huj-[-an-Ã. Zml-apv; sXfn-\o-cnÃ F¶v ]d-bp-¶Xv D¯a D½-¯n\v tNÀ¶-XmtWm? þ Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb AÃmlp A[x-]-X-\-¯n-sâbpw n¶-X-I-fp-sS-bpw Xocm-Zp-cn-X-¯n-sâbpw Ic-Im-Wm¡-b-¯nÂ

Znhym-flm-°sf C\n ]Xo-£n-t°t≠?!!

A_vZp-dlvam³, sImSn-b-¯qÀ

a

aS-hq¿ hn`mKw apPm-ln-Zp-IfpsS apJ-]-X-amb

"i_m-_n'se ]cm-a¿i-tØmSp≈ ]-Xn-I-c-Ww.

teJ\w


ap§n-¯m-gp¶ apkvenw D½-¯n¶vc£-bpsS IbÀ \o«n-s¡m-Sp-¯-t¸mÄ, [n¡m-c-]qÀÆw X«n-b-I-äp¶]ptcm-ln-X-hÀ¤w, blq-Z-k-ap-Zm-b-¯nsâ NcnXw HmÀ¡p-¶Xv \¶v.

hnip² JpÀ-B\pw Xncp-\-_n(k)bpw D½-¯nsâ A]-N-b-§sfkw_-Ôn v ]kvXm-hn¨ kµÀ -§-fnÂXs¶ ]cn -lm -c -amÀ¤s¯kw_-Ôn¨pw kphn-tijw \ÂIn-bn-«pv F¶-XmWv bmYmÀ°yw þhnip² JpÀ-B³ ]d-bp¶p: “AÃm-lp-hnsâ kvac-W-¡mbpw Ah-\nÂ\n¶n-d-§nb kXy- n\p thnbpwAh-cpsS lrZ-b-§Ä Aen-hp-Å-Xm-bn-¯o-cm\pw ap¼v KÙw \ÂI-s¸-«hsct¸mse BImXncn-¡m\pwhnizm-kn-IÄ¡v C\nbpw ka-b-am-bn-«ntÃ? ap¼v thZw \ÂI-s¸-«-hÀZoÀL-Imew Ign-ª-t¸mÄ Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-§Ä ISp-¸-ap-Å-Xm-bn-t¸m -bn . Ah-cn -e -[nIw t]cpwBÚm-ew-L-I-ctX” (57:17). ]kvXpX hN-\-¯nÂ apkvenw D½¯vblq-Zn-þ-\-km-dm-¡sf A\p-]Zw]n´p-S-cp¶ ZpÀLS Ime-L-«s¯kw_Ôn¨v ZoÀL-ZÀi\w sN¿p¶p þ \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n hfschyà-amb \ne-bnÂ ]kvXpXBb-¯p-IÄ¡v hni-Zo -I -cWw\ÂIp-I-bp-m-bn. Xncp-\-_n(-k)AcpÄ sN¿p¶p: “ Hcp tPmSnsNcn¸v ]c-kv]cw kZr-i-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse Ckm-tb-ey-cnÂ kw`-hn -¨ -sXm-s¡bpw XoÀ¨-bmbpwFsâ kap-Zm-b- nepw kw -hn¡pw.Ckm-tb-eyÀ 72 I£n-I-fm-bn-¸n-cnªp. Fsâ D½¯v (H-cSn IqSnapt¼m«v sh¨v sImv) 73 I£n-I-fmbn¸ncn-bpw. Ah-cnÂ Hcp I£nHgnsI asä-Ãm-hcpw \c-I-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡pw...” (an-ivIm-¯v) hopw Acp-fp¶p: “P\-§-fnÂ Hcp Imew hcpw.A¶v Ckvemansâ \mahpw JpÀ-B-\nsâ en]nbpw amXw tijn¡pw.Ah-cpsS ]Ån-IÄ P\-_-lp-e-am-bn-cn-¡p-sa-¦nepw k·mÀ¤w AhnsSDm-bn -cn -¡p -¶-X-Ã. Ah-cpsS

]Þn-X-·mÀ BIm-i-¯n³ Iognse Gähpw iÀdp-IÄ Bbn-cn¡pwþ ^nXv\IÄ Ah-cnÂ \n¶v ]pd-s¸-Sp-Ibpw Ah-cn-te¡v Xs¶ aS-§p-Ibpw sN¿pw.” (an-ivIm-¯v)C]-Imcw kap-Zm-b-¯nsâ ZpÀK-Xnsb kw_-Ôn¨v AÃm-lphpwdkqepw ap¶-dn-bn¸v \ÂIp-¶p.]kvXpX hN-\-§-sfÃmw apkvenw]-Þ-nX-·mcpw kwL-S -\ -IfpwX§-fpsS X^vko-dp-I-fnÂ NÀ¨sN¿p-¶p. F¶mÂ hnip² JpÀ-B³ sXm« -S p¯ hN-\ -¯nÂ\ÂIp¶ Bizm-k-hN\w i²n-¡m³ C¡q-«À F´p-sImv X¿m-dm-hp-¶n-Ã? hnip² JpÀ-B³ XpS-cp¶p: “ \nÝ-b-ambpw AÃmlp`qansb AXnsâ ac -W-¯n -¶vtijw Pohn-¸n-¡p-¶-XmWv F¶v\n§-f-dn-bpI” . (57:18). 17-þmw hN-\-¯nÂ kqNn-¸n-¨-t]mse blq-Z-kZricmbn Bßo-b-a-cWw hcn¨kap-Zm-bs¯ Xsâ Imcp-Wy-hÀjwaptJ\ ]p\ÀPo -hn -¸n -¡p -sa¶vAÃmlp ChnsS km´z\w \ÂIp-¶p. ]kvXpX hN\¯nsâ hni-Zo-I-c-Wsa¶-\n-e-bnÂ¯s¶-bmWv]hmN-I-ti-jvTÀ ‘Cuk_v\p-a-dn-b’ -an-sâbpw Camw alvZn-bp-sSbpwhc-hns\ kw_-Ôn¨pw Ckvemansâ BtKm-f-hn-P-bs¯ kw_-Ôn¨pw kphn-ti-j-a-dn-bn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv.hcp-hm-\pÅ Cuk_v\padn-bapwCamw alvZnbpw Xncp-\-_n-bpsSD½-¯nÂ \n¶v \ntbm-Kn-X-\m-hp¶Hcp DÂIr-jvS -hy-àn-bm-sW¶Imcyhpw hnip² JpÀB\pw Xncp-l-Zo-kp-Ifpw km£o-I-cn-¡p-¶p.AlvaZn¿m kmln-Xy-§-fnÂ hni-Z-amb \ne-bnÂ ]Xn-]m-Zn-¡-s¸«]kvXpX hnjbw IqSp-XÂ NÀ¨sN-¿m³ Dt±-in-¡p-¶n-Ã.

‘apA-an-\p-’I-fpsS Zpc-h-Øsbkw_-Ôn-¨pw, ]cn-lm-c-amÀ¤s¯kw_-Ôn¨pw ]cm -aÀin -¡p¶asämcp JpÀ-B³ kqà-an-Xm-Wv.“\Ã-XnÂ \n¶pw No¯sb (D-¯-a-·m-cnÂ \n¶v A[a-·m-sc) thÀXn-

cn-¡msX Iv \n§Ä Ct¸m-gpÅAh-Ø-bnÂ AÃmlp hnizm-kn-Isf hn«p-I-f-bp-I-bnÃ Xs¶. AZr-iy-Im-cy-§Ä AÃm-lp- \n§Ä¡vsh-fn-s¸Sp¯n¯cn-I-bp-anÃ. ]s£AÃmlp Xsâ ZqX-·m-cnÂ \n¶vXm³ CÑn-¡p-¶-hsc Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-¶p.......” (3:179). ChnsS CuIme-L-«-¯nsâ hyà-amb NnX-amWv JpÀ-B³ \ÂIp-¶-Xv. Aao_t]mse ]nfÀ¶psImn-cn-¡p¶apkvenw kwL-S-\IÄ km[m-c-W-¡msc X§-fpsS ]£-t¯¡v£Wn-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ D¯-a-tcXv A[-a-tcXv F¶v Xncn-¨dn-bm³ km[n-¡msX AhÀ AÔm-fn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ ØnXn-bmWv ImWp-hm³ Ign-bp-¶-Xv. C§s\ Hc-hØh¶p tNcp-t¼mÄ AÃmlp Xm³CÑn-¡p-¶-hsc ZqX-·m-cmbn Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-sa¶v ChnsS hyà-ambn ]kvXm-hn-¡p¶p. A§s\kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw hyà-ambnthÀXn-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. apkv enwIÄBZÀiw ssIsh-Sn-bp-sa-¦nepw ]cn-lm-c-amÀ¤w \nÀt±-in-¡-s¸-«n-«nÃF¶ i_m-_vIm-csâ hmZw s]mÅ-bm-sW¶v ChnsS hyà-am-¡p-¶p.

alvZn ako-lnsâ BK-a\wkw_-Ôn¨ ]h-N-\s¯ \nÊm-c-hÂ¡-cn-¡p-hm-\pÅ ‘i_m-_n’sâ\njv^-e-iaw ImWpI: “ alvZnF¶mÂ k·mÀ¤Nmcn F¶m -WÀ°w. k·mÀ¤-Nm -c n -I -fmb]esc kw_-Ôn¨pw lZo-knÂ]cm-aÀi-ap-v. k·mÀ¤-Nm-cn-bmbt\Xm-hns\ apkvenwIÄ ]n´p-S-cWw F¶ Imcy-¯nÂ BÀ¡pwXÀ¡-an -Ã” . apkvenw D½-¯nÂA_q-_-¡À kn±oJv (d) XpS§ntImSn-¡-W-¡nÂ k·mÀ¤-Nm-cn-IÄP·w-sIm-Åp-I-bp-mbn. ]ns¶F´v Hcp k·mÀ¤ -Nm -c nsbkw_Ôn¨v AÃm-lp-hnsâ ]hm-N-I³ CX BW-bn-«p-]-d-bm³?F¶v Nn´n-¡m³ ‘i_m-_v' ]X¯nse ‘_p²n-Po-hn-’IÄ¡v kabwIn«n-bn-«p-m-hn-Ã. apPm-ln-Zp-I-fpsS

34 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

AÀ°-I-ev]-\-b-\p-k-cn v \_n(-k)Xncp-ta-\nsb kw_-Ôn¨ ]h-N-\§sf blq -Z -ss I -k vX -hÀhymJym-\n-¨mÂ AhÀs¡´v ]d-bm-\p-m-hpw? \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-sbkw_-Ôn¨v ""At±-ls¯ kw_-Ôn¨v Ah-cpsS ASp-¡epÅ Xudm- nepw C©n-enepw tcJ-s -Sp- -s¸-«-Xmbn AhÀ Is-¯p¶p”(7:158) F¶v JpÀ-B³ ]d-bp¶pXudm-¯nepw C©o-enepw Is-¯m³ Ign -bp¶ ]h-N-\ -§ÄFs´-Ãm -amWv? ‘ k-Xy¯nsâBßm-hv,’ ‘Bizm-k-]Z³’ , ‘Imcy-Ø³,’ ‘]md-¡-eo¯v’ Fs¶m-s¡-bm-Wv, kÀÆ-tem-I-]-hm-N-I-\pw,kÀÆ-Im-enI ]hm-N-I-\pw, kÀÆ-tijvT ]hmNI\pw FÃm-amb Balm -ßm -hns\ kw_-Ôn¨ vss__n-fnÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸-«XvF¶ Imcyw apPm-lnZv ]Øm-\-¡mcpw k½-Xn-¡p-¶-Xm-W-tÃm.‘ i_m-_n’ sâ \ymb-a-\p -k-cn¨vAsXm¶pw Hcp ]hm-N-Is\ kw_-Ôn¨ ]h-N-\-aÃ F¶v InkvXym-\n-IÄ hmZn-¡p-t¼mÄ F´v adp-]-Sn-bmWv \n§Ä¡v \ÂIp-hm-\p-ÅXvF¶v Adnbp-hm³ IuXp-I-apv þ]kvXpX hnti-j-W-§-sfÃmw\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hnhn[KpW-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨pw, DÂIr-jvS-X-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨p-apÅ hnh-c -W-§-fmWv F¶mWv adp -]Snsb¦nÂ, ]h-N-\-§-sfÃmw Xs¶AÀ°-¯n-emWv FSp-t¡--sX-¶mWv \n§-fpsS hmZ-sa-¦nÂ,AtX \ymb-a-\p-k-cn¨v \_n(-k)Xncp-ta\n Xsâ kap-Zm-b-¯nÂBK-X-cm-hp¶ alm-ßm-hn-s\- kw-_-Ôn¨v sNbvX ]h-N-\-§fpwA]-Imcw Xs¶-bm-sW¶v R§Ä]d-bp-¶p. F¶p amX-aÃ, Xs¶kw_Ôn¨v ]qÀÆ-aX-K-Ù-§-fnÂtcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xnepw hyà-amb\nebnÂ apkvenw D½- nsâ hntam-N -I -\mbncp¶ alm -ßm -hns\kw_-Ôn¨v \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n (k)]h-N\w sNbvXn-cn-¡p¶p F¶p-Å-

XmWv bmYmÀXvYyw. Xsâ kap-Zm-b-¯nÂ BK-X-\m-hp¶ alm-ßm-hns\ kzoI-cn-¡p¶ Imcy-¯nÂHcp-hn[ hnj-ahpw Dm-h-cp-sX¶vAhn-Sp¶v Icp-Xn-¡m-Wpw.

hnip² JpÀ-B³ ]cn-tim-[n-¨mÂ ‘ alvZn, ’ F¶pw ‘ Camw ’F¶pw DÅ hm¡p-IÄ ]hm-N-I-·msc kw_-Ôn-¨mWv D]-tbm-Kn-¨-sX¶v hyà-am-hpw hnip² JpÀ-B³ ]dbp¶p: “C_m-lo-ans\Xsâ \mY³ Nne Iev]-\-IÄ hgn]co -£n¨ kµÀ`w þ At¸mÄAt±lw Ahsb ]qÀ¯n-bm¡n .Ah³ (A-Ãm-lp) ]dªp: ‘Rm³\ns¶ P\-§Ä¡v t\Xm-hm-¡p-¶p. ’ At±lw ]dªp: ‘Fsâk´-Xn-I-fnÂ \n¶p (t\-Xm-¡-·msc Fgp -t¶Â]n-t¡-W-ta) ’(2:125). ChnsS C_mlnw \_nbpwXpSÀ¶v At±-l-¯nsâ k´-Xn-I-fnÂ \n¶v Ckvam-CuÂ, Ckvlm-Jv, bAv-Iq-_v, bqkp^v XpS-§n-b-h-scÃmw ]h-Nm-I-·m-cm-bn-cp¶pF¶ Imcyw kÀÆÀ¡pw Adn-hp-ÅXm-W-tÃm. IqSmsX kqdxA¼n-bm-AvÂ, eq¯v, C_m-lnw, Ckvlm-Jv, bAvIq_v XpS-§nb ]hm-N-I-·msc t]sc-Sp¯v ]cm-aÀin-¨-tijw ]d-bp¶p. “\mw Ahsc\½psS Iev]-\-b-\p-k-cn¨v (P-\-§-sf) \bn-¡p¶ t\Xm-¡-·m-cm-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp” (21:74). kqdx_J-d-bnÂ BZ-an-s\bpw CW-sbbpwP¶-¯nÂ \n¶v ]pd-¯m-¡n-b-tijw ]d-bp-¶Xv “F¶nÂ \n¶pÅ lnZm-b¯v \n§Ä¡v XoÀ¨-bmbpw hcpw” F¶m-Wv. ChnsS\p_p-Æ-¯ns\ kw_-Ôn-¨mWvlnZm -b¯v F¶v ]d-ª-sX¶Imcyw hyà-am-W-tÃm. \p_p-Æ¯ve`n¨ hyànsb \_n F¶v ]d-bp-¶Xv t]mse lnZm-b¯v e`n¨Bsf alvZn F¶pw ]d-bp-¶p.-Np-cp-¡-¯nÂ Xncp-\-_n-bpsS D½-¯nÂ BK-X-cm-hp-¶ ‘Camw alvZn’AÃm-lp-hnsâ ]hm-N-I-\m-sW¶vhnip² JpÀ-B³ sImv Xs¶

hyà-am-hp-¶p. JpÀ-B-\nI ]Im-i-¯n\p ap¼nÂ ‘ i_m-_n’ sâPev]-\-§Ä¡v F´v hne?

\_n Xncp-ta-\n(-k) \ntbm-Kn-¡-s¸« Ime-L-«-¯nÂ Pohn-¨n-cp¶ PqXþssI-kvXh ]Þn-X-·mÀ X§-fpsS thZ-K-Ù-§-fnÂ]h-Nn-¡-s¸« ]hm-N-Isâ BK-a\w kao-]-Ø-ambncn¡p¶p F¶v]Jym-]n-¡p-Ibpw aXm-\p-bm-bn-IÄ]Xo-£n-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-I-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. amX-aÃ, \_n Xncp-ta-\n(-k)sb¯s¶ Ip«n-Im-e¯v ImWp-hm-\n-S-bmb ]ptcm-ln-X-·mÀ CuIp«n hfÀ¶p-I-gn-ªmÂ ]hm-N-I-\m-hp-sa¶v thZ-§fnÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸« AS-bm-f-§-fpsS ASn-kvYm-\-¯nÂ Acp-fp-I-bp-mb ImcywCkvemanI Ncn-X-¯nÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. A§s\ ]h-Nn-¡-s¸-«, ]Xym-im-]qÀÆw ]Xo-£n-¡-s¸« B ]hm-N-I³ X§-fn-te¡v BK-X-\mbt¸mÄ PqX-þ -ssIkvX ]WvUn-X-·mÀ XÅn-¡-f -bp -I -bpw , ]n¶oS v X§Ä¡vA§s\ Hcp ]hm-NIt\ hcp-hm-\nÃ F¶ \ntj-[-hm-Z-¯n-te¡vhgn amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. C¶v thZ-¯nÂ A§s\ Hcp ]hm-N-Isâhc-hns\ kw_-Ôn¨v ]h-N\wXs¶ CsÃ¶v blp-Zo-þ-\-km-dm-¡Ä DÂtLm-jn-¡p-¶p. Xsâ kap-Zmbw blq-Zn-þ-\km-dm-¡sf A\p-]mZw ]n³]-äp-sa¶v Xncp-\-_n(-k)]h -N\w sNbvXn - « p - -tÃm .AXnsâ ]peÀ¨-bmWv ChnsSImWp-¶-Xv. Xncp-\-_n(-k) ]h-N\wsNbvX alvZnþa-ko-lnsâ BK-a\w ]Xn -\mev \qämv ImewCkvemanse alm-ßm-¡fpw hen-amcpw ]Xo-£n-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-I-bpw, Ckv emansâ BtKm-f-hn-P-b-¯nsâ B kphÀ®-\m-fp-I-fnÂX§Ä Pohn-¨n-cp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ F¶vBKlw ]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I-bp-m-bn. l: AlvaZv (A)-ansâka-Im-eo-\-\m-bn-cp-¶, apPm-ln-Zp-



lkvdØv auehn ti¿ Aen kmln_v (d)ZnÂZmÀ AlvaZv, I\U

kvdØv auehn ti¿ Aen

kmln_v (d) hmKvZØ

akoln (A) s‚ Hcp ]apJ

injy-\m-bn-cp-∂p. hmKvZØ akolv

(A) Hcp Z¿i-\-Øn¬, Xs‚ ASp-

°¬ Hcp ae°v h∂-Xmbpw Xs‚

t]¿ ti¿ Aen F∂m-sW∂v shfn-

Ct∏mƒ ]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ ÿnXn

sNøp∂ k¿tKmZ Pn√-bn¬ BsZa

F∂ hnZqc Kma-Øn¬ 1875 \h-º¿

24- mw \p lkvdØv auehn ti¿ Aen

kmln_v (d) `qPm-X-\m-bn. At±-l-

Øns‚ _‘p-hmb Cu teJ-Is‚

P∑-Km-ahpw AXp Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

At±-l-Øns‚ ]nXmhv auehn

\nkm-ap-±o≥ kmln_v F√m-h-cmepw

BZ-cn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂ Hcp aX-t\-Xm-hm-

bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ amXmhv Hcp

aX- -‡bpw hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ lrZn-

ÿ-am-°nb al-Xn-bp-am-bn-cp∂p.

hmKvZØ akolv (A) Xs‚

KŸ-ß-fn¬ FSpØp ]d™ 313

klm-_m-°-fn¬ Hcmƒ F∂p _lp-

a-Xnbpw lkvdØv auehn ti¿ Aen

kmln_n (d) \p≠v. Cu c≠p

ktlm-Z-c-∑mcpw hnZym¿∞n-I-fm-bn-cn-

°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ AlvaZn -øØv

kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p. G‰hpw hniz-kvX

cpw A¿∏W at\m- m-h-ap-≈-h-cp-amb

klm-_m-°-fpsS CS-bn-emWv Ah¿

hf¿∂p h∂-Xv.

Xm¶-fmtWm c≠p ktlm-Z-c-∑m-

cn¬ aqØ Bƒ F∂v lkvdØv

lm^nkv A_vZp¬ Aen kmln-_n-

t\mSv Btcm tNmZn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn ]d-

b-s∏-Sp-∂p.At±lw ]d™p: ""au

ehn ti¿ AenbmWv henb Bƒ.

Rm\mWv BZyw qPm-X-\m-b-Xv. ''

22 hb- p-≈-t∏mƒ Hcp tImtfPv

hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cns° lkvdØv

aue-hnti¿ Aen kmln_v 1897¬

Jm\n-bm-\n¬ hcn-Ibpw hmKvZØ

akoln (A) s‚ Iøn¬ ss_A

Øv sNøp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. 1899 ¬

emtlm-dnse t^m¿a≥ InkvXy≥

l

hn-ip≤ Jp¿-B∂v G‰hpw \√ Cw•ojv ]cn-`mj \n¿∆-ln®

]Xn-`m-im-en-bmb lkvdØv ti¿ Aen kmln_v (d) hmKvZØ ako-lns‚

kmXzn-I-\m-b -Hcp klm-_n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

teJ\w

s ∏ - S p - Ø n - b -

Xmbpw I≠n-cp-

∂p. lkvdØv

an¿km _io¿

AlvaZ v km

ln_v (d) C]-

Imcw ]kv Xm-

hn-°p∂p : ""au

em\m ti¿

Aen°v ae-

°ns‚ kz`m-h-

am -bn -cp -∂p-sh

∂pw P\-ßƒ

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ae-°mbn hnti-

jn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv

Hcp ]t£,

ssZhnI \n¿tZ-

i-a-\p-k-cn-®m-bn-

c n -°p - sa∂pw

F\n°v Bfl-

hn-izm-k-tØm

sS ]d -bm≥

km[n°pw''

36 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂v At±lw _ncp-Z-sa-

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At±lw Ggmw dm¶v Ic-ÿ-am-°n.

]co£m ê]Jym-]\w \S∂

DSs\Øs∂ ]©m_v Kh¨sa‚n-

s‚ Iogn¬ knhn¬ PUvPn-bmbn

At±-l-Øn\v \nba\ hmKvZm\w e`n-

®p. F∂m¬ At±lw Xs‚ lrZ-b-

Øns‚ i_vZw ihn-°p-Ibpw IqSp-

X¬ \√Xpw al-Ø-c-hp-amb Hcp

tPmen kzoI-cn-°m≥ a\- n-ep-d-®p-

sIm≠v knhn¬ PUvPn ]Z-hn-bnte-

°p≈ DtZymK hmKvZm\w \ncm-I-cn-

°p-bp-amWv sNbvX-Xv. JmZn-bm-\n¬

t]mbn hmKvZØ akoln (A) s‚

Im¬°o-gn-en-cp∂v injvS PohnXw

Ckvemw aX tkh-\-Øn-\mbn hn\n-

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Øns‚ lrZ-bm-`n-em-jw. AXn-\m¬

At±lw DSs\Øs∂ JmZn-bm-\n-

te°v bmX-bm-bn. Xs‚ ]nXmhv hf-

sc-b-[nIw BK-ln-®n-cp∂ knhn¬

PUvPn ]Zhn \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v

]nXmhv XS- -am-Iptam F∂ Bi¶

At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv Imc-W-am-

bn-cp∂p FXbpw s]s´∂v JmZn-bm-

\n-te°v t]mb-Xv.

JmZn -bm -\n¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ

At±lw CkvemwaX tkh-\-Øn-

\mbn kzbw A¿∏Ww sNbvXp. 1899

¬ BZy -ambn JmZn -bm -\nse

XAveoap¬ Ckvemw sslkvI-fnse

slUvam-Ã-dmbn \nb-an-X-\m-bn. B

]Z-hn -bn¬ At±lw 1910 hsc

XpS¿∂p. slUvam-kv‰¿ F∂ \ne-

bn-ep≈ IrXy-\n¿∆-l-W-Øn-\p-]p-

dsa ]WvUn-tXm-Nn-X-amb a‰p tkh-

\-ßfpw At±lw \n¿∆-ln-®p. At±-

l-Øns‚ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ At±-

lsØ FX-tØmfw kvt\ln-®p-sh-

∂m¬, At±-l-Øns‚ t]cp tIƒ

°p∂ amX-bn¬ Ah-cpsS lrZbw

kvt\lw sIm≠p XpSn-°p-Ibpw \b-

\-ßƒ Aip]q¿Æ-ß-fp -am -bn.

]m›mXy cmPy-ß-fn¬ Ckvemw aX

]Nm-c-W-Øn-\p≈ Hcp ]≤Xn Bhn-

jvI-cn -°p -I -sb-∂Xv hmKvZØ

akoln (A) s‚ D¬°-S-amb BK-

l-am-bn-cp∂p. Cu Dt±-iym¿∞w

"dnhyp Hm^v dneo-Py≥kv' F∂

t]cn¬ Cw•o-jn¬ Hcp amknI JmZn-

bm-\n¬ \n∂v ]kn-≤o-I-cWw Bcw-

`n-®p. auehn ti¿ Aen kmln_v

Cu amkn-I-bn¬ ]Xn-hmbn Fgp-Xm-

dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu amkn-I bqtdm-

∏nepw Ata-cn-°-bnepw hfsc B[n-

Im-cn-Ihpw D∂X \ne-hmcw ]pe¿Øp-

∂-Xp-ambn KWn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. hniz-

]-i-kvX-ß-fmb sse_-dn -Iƒ

CXns‚ hcn-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. lkvdØv

apkvenlv auDuZn (d) s‚ Jnem-^-

Øns‚ BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬ lkvdØv

auehn ti¿ Aenkmln_m-bn-cp∂p

AXns‚ ]Xm-[n-]¿.

lkvdØv auehn ti¿ Aen

kmln_v efnX PohnXw \bn®

Bfm-bn-cp-∂p. hfsc efn-Xhpw

F∂m¬ ipNn-Xz-ap-≈Xpamb hkvX-

ß-fm-bn-cp∂p At±lw [cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.

]men\v th≠n hf¿Øn-bn-cp∂ Fcp-

a-Isf ta®n-cp-∂Xv At±lw Xs∂-

bm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcn-°¬ At±lw Fcpa-

Isf ta®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Hcp Cw•ojp

Imc≥ At±-lsØ kao-]n®v X\n°v

"dnhyp Hm v dnen-Py≥kv' amkn-I-bpsS

]Xm-[n-]-cpsS hoń-te-°p≈ hgn

ImWn-®p-X-c-W-sa-∂-t]-£n-®p. Xm≥

C¥y-bn-te°v h∂n-cn-°-bm-sW∂pw

amkn-I-bpsS ÿncw hmb-\-°m-c-\m-

sW∂pw AXn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-

Sp∂ teJ-\-ß-ƒ Xs∂ hfsc

BI¿jn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw AXn¬

D]-tbm-Kn-°s-∏-ń-´p≈ `mj-bpsS

at\m-lm-cn-Xsb Xm≥ ]iw-kn-°p-∂p-

sh∂pw BK-X≥ auem\m kmln-

_n-t\mSp ]d-™p. AXn-\m¬ Xm≥

amkn-I-bpsS ]Xm-[n-]sc ImWm-\m-

-K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-∂-dn-bn-®p. ]Xm-[n-]-

cpsS hoSv X\n-°-dn-bm-sa∂pw AXn-

\m¬ BK-Xs\ Atßm-t´°v

sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn¬ X\n-t°sd

kt¥m-j-ap-s≠∂pw auem\m km

ln_v ]d-™p. Aßs\ auehn

kmln_v Fcp-a-I-sf-sb√mw sXm´-

SpØ hoń-te°v sXfn-®p-sIm-≠p-

t]mbn.

B AXnYn hoń-te-°m-\-bn-°-s∏-

´p. A\m¿`m-Samb kzoI-c-W-ap-dn-bn¬

Aev]-t\cw Ccp-∂p. ho´p-Im¿ AXn-

Ynsb th≠-hn[w k¬°-cn-®p.

Aev] kabw Ign-™-t∏mƒ auehn

kmln_v HutZym-KnI thj-Øn¬

h∂v Xm≥ F¥v tkh-\-amWv sNtø-

≠-sX∂v tNmZn®p. BK-X≥ C]-

Imcw ]d-™p: ""km¿, Rm≥ aptº

]d-™t√m, dnhyq Hm v dnen-Py≥kv'

amkn-I-bpsS ]Xm-[n-]sc ImWp-I-

bm-sWs‚ Dt±-iy-sa∂v.'' auehn

kmln_v hfsc im¥kzc-Øn¬

t_m[n-∏n-®p: ""k¿, Rm\mWv ti¿

Aen, amkn-I-bpsS ]Xm-[n-]¿!''

]m›mXy cmPy-ß-fn¬ CX-b-[nIw

BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp amkn-I-bpsS

]Xm-[n-]¿ FX-amXw efn-X-amb

Pohn-X-amWv \bn-°p-∂-sX-t∂m¿Øv

B Cw•o-jp-Im-c≥ kvX_v[-\m-bn-

t∏m-bn.

"dnhyp Hm v dneo-Py≥kn's‚ ]Xm-

[n-]sc∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ tkh\w \n¿∆-

ln-®-tijw auem\m kmln-_n\v

lkvdØv apkvenlv auDuZv (d) `c-

ta¬∏n-®Xv hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ Cw•o-

jn-te°v ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-≈

A\p-Kr-lnX I¿Ø-hy-am-Wv. au

em\m kmln-_ns‚ injvS PohnXw

Cu ]pWy-Im-cy-Øn-\mbn hn\n-tbm-

Kn -°-s∏-´p. Cw•o -jp -`m -j-bn¬

At±lw Hcp B[n-ImcnI ]WvUn-

X-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏- p. At±lw

]tbm -Kn -®n -cp∂ Hcp hmt°m

ssientbm tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sm≥

høm-Ø-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. lkvdØv an¿km

_io¿ AlvaZv kmln_v Fw. G,

aue-hn A_vZp-dlnw Z¿Zv kmln-_v

Fw. G, aen°v Kpemw ^coZv

kmln_v Fw. G. XpS-ßnb ]WvUn-

X-∑m¿ auem\m kmln-_ns‚ kl-

]-h¿-Ø-I-cmbn Cu A\p-Kr-lnX

IrXy-Øn¬ mK- m-°m-bn. hm¿≤Iy

kl-P-amb _e-lo-\-X-Iƒ ]cn-K-

Wn°msX auem\m kmln_v C°m-

cy-Øn¬ Ko-cY ]bXv\w sNbvXp.

Xs‚ Pohn-X-Im-e-Øp-X-s∂ Cu

tPmen ]q¿Øn-bm-°-W-sa-∂-t±lw


BK-ln-®p. C°m-cy-Øn¬ ITn-\-

amb NqSpw sImSpw XWp∏pw agbpw

a™pw At±lw hI-sh-®n-√.

lkvdØv apkvenlv auDuZv (d)

G‰-hp-a-[nIw hnizm-k-a¿∏n-®-h-cn¬

Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p auem\m kmln-_v.

lkz-tam- Zo¿Ltam Bb Imew

X\n°v JmZn-bm-\n¬ \n∂v ]pd-

tØ°v t]mtI-≠n-h-cp-tºmƒ lkvd

Øv apkvenlv auDuZv (d) auem\m

kln-_ns\bmbn-cp∂p JmZnbm-

\nse Aao-dmbn \n-b-an-®ncp∂-Xv.

hfsc ][m-\-s∏´ Hcp Npa-X-e-bm-bn-

cp-∂p AXv. ]q¿Æ-amb A[n-Im-c-ap-

≠m-bn´pw hfsc hn\o-X-\mbpw Imcp-

Wy -tØmSpw IqSn -bm -bn -cp∂p

auem\m kmln_v P\-ß-tfmSv s]cp-

am-dn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. At±lw Xs‚ A[n-

Imc i‡n Hcn-°epw ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-

∂n-√. auem\m kmln_v JmZn-bm-

\nse Aaodmbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ I≠

Hcp Zriyw At±-l-Øns‚ hn\-b-

Øns‚ DØ-tam-Zm-l-c-W-ambn aen°v

Kpemw coZv kmln_v hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

Hcp sh≈nbmgvN Ppap-A -JpXzv

_bpw \-a-kvIm-chpw Ign-™-t∏mƒ

auehnti¿ Aen -km-ln_v kp∂

Øv \a-kvI-cn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. At±lw

\a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ \na-·-\m-bn-cns°

F√m-hcpw ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂pw ]ncn-

™p-t]m-bn. aen°v kmln_v Hcmsf

]Xo-£n-®p-sIm≠v ]≈nbn¬Øs∂

Ipd-®p -t\cw Ccp∂p. auem\m

kmln_v \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ \na-·-\m-

bn-cns°Øs∂ aen°v kmln_pw

]pd-tØ°v t]mbn. Aev] kabw

Ign™v aen-°v kmln_v Nne kp

lr-Øp-°-tfm-sSm∏w ho≠pw ]≈n-

bn¬ h∂p. At∏mƒ auehn ti¿

Aen kmln_v kz¥w Ic-ßƒ Xe-

bn-W-bm°n sh®p-sIm≠v ]≈n-bpsS

Xd-bn¬ KmV\nZ sIm≈p-I-bm-bn-cp-

∂p. AXv lrZ-b-kv]¿in-bmb Hcp

cwK-am-bn-cp-∂p. JmZn-bm-\nse Aao¿

AXnITn-\-amb th\¬°m-eØv

]≈n-bpsS Xd-bn¬ Hcp ]cp-°≥

]mb-bn¬ \nZ sIm ≈p∂p! hnIm-c-

`-cn-X-\mb aen°v kmln_v Xs‚

kplr-Øp-°-tfmSv ]d-™p: ""CXmWv

Rß-fpsS Aao¿. Rß-sf√mw At±-

l-Øns‚ A\p-k-c-W-bp≈ tkh-I-

cm-Wv. lkvdØv Jeo- -Øp¬ ako-

lns\ A\p -k-cn -°p -∂-Xp -

t]mseØs∂ Rßƒ Ct±-l-

sØbpw A\p-k-cn-°p-∂p. t\m°p-I,

FX hn\o-X-amb Ah-ÿ-bn-emWv

Ct±lw ]≈n-bpsS Xd-bn¬ ibn-°p-

∂Xv!''

lkvdØv auem\m ti¿ Aen

kmln -_ns‚ c≠v khn -tij

kz`mh KpW-ßƒ Pam-A-Øn¬

]kn-≤-am-Wv. lkvdØv Jeo- -Øp

¬ akolv \mem-a≥ At±-l-Øns‚

Cu khn-ti-j-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v ]e

kµ¿ -ß-fnepw FSpØp ]d-bp-I-bp-

≠m-bn-´p-≠v. Ah-bn-sem∂v Bsc-

¶nepw At±-l-sØ-°-≠m¬ ""A -

emap Asse°pw'' ]d-bp-∂-Xn\v apºv

At±lw ""A -emap Asse-°pw''

]d-™n-cn-°pw F∂-Xm-Wv. C°m-cy-

Øn¬ B¿°pw At±-lsØ Ih-®p-

sh-°m≥ Ign-™n-ń-s√∂v ]d-b-s∏-

Sp-∂p. H∂m-a-\m-Im≥ ian-®n´pw

Xßƒ°-Xn-bn¬ hnP-bn-°m≥ km[n-

®n- n-s√∂v ]ecpw ]kvXm-hn-®n- p≠v.

auem\m kmln-_n¬ ]I-S-amb

khn-ti-j-amb Cu \∑sb-°p-dn®v

hy‡n-]-c-ambn F\n-°p-≠mb Hc-\p-

`hw Rm≥ ]d-bmw. Hcp Znhkw

Rm≥ d_vhbn¬ lkvdØv an¿km

Xzmln¿ AlvaZv kmln-_ns\ (A-

t±lw Jeo- -bm-Ip-∂-Xn\v apºv) ]-

Xo -£n -®n -c n -°p -I -bm -bn -c p -∂p .

At∏mƒ At±lw aPvenkv A≥km-

dp-√m-bpsS kZ¿ Bbn-cp-∂p. Rm≥

dmh¬]n-≠n-bn¬ \n∂pw Iqń-s°m-

≠p-h∂ A\lvaZn-Iƒ°v th≠n Hcp

tNmtZym-Øc kZ v kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-

I-bm-bn-cp∂p Rß-fpsS Dt±-iyw.

lpkq¿ ssk°n-fn¬ hcp-∂-Xp-I≠v

Rm≥ At±lw tIƒ°Ø° Zqc-

Øn-se-Øp-tºmƒ "A -emap Asse

°pw' ]d-bm≥ Xøm-dmbn \n¬°p-I-

bm -bn -cp∂p. Rm≥ "A -emap

Asse°pw' ]d-bm≥ mhn-°p-∂-Xn\v

apsº lpkq¿ "A -emap Asse

°pw' ]d™p Ign-™p. At∏mƒ

Rm≥ ]d-™p. ""Xm¶ƒ°v apsº

"A -emap Asse°pw' ]d-bm≥

Rm≥ Bhpw hn[w ian-°p-I-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. At∏m-tg°pw Xm¶ƒ ap∂n¬

°-S-∂p-I-f-™p''. At∏mƒ lpkq¿

]p©n-cn-®p-sIm≠v C]-Imcw ]d-

™p: ""Cu khn-tij kz`mhw Xm¶-

fpsS IpSpw-_-Øn-\-h-Im-i-s∏-´-Xm-

sW-¶nepw.'' CX-t±lw lkvdØv

auehn ti¿ Aen kmln-_n\v

\¬Inb Hcp _lp-a-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Pam -A-Øn¬ ]kn -≤-amb

auem\m kmln-_n-s‚ c≠m-asØ

khn-ti-jX \-a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ Cam-

aØv hln-®p-sIm≠v kqd mØnl

HmXp-tºmƒ ""ClvZn\- n-dm-Xz¬

apkvØJow'' F∂ hmIyw ]e

]mhiyw Bh¿Øn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp∂p

F∂p≈Xm-Wv. Cu kq‡w \nc-h[n

XhW Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ

\ΩpsS kvarXn-]-Y-Øn¬ hcp-∂Xv

Kma-t^m-Wns‚ kqNn dnt°m¿

Uns‚ Hcp ÿeØv ]nSn-®p-t]m-Ip-

tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂ A\p-`-h-am-Wv.

Pam-A-Ømbn \a-kvI-cn-°p-tºmƒ

CXbpw XhW Cu kq‡w Bh¿

Øn-°p-tºmƒ H‰°v \a-kvI-cn-°p-

tºmƒ At±lw FX ]mh-iy-amWv

Cu kq‡w Bh¿Øn-°p-I-sb∂

Imcyw Nn¥m¿l-amWv.

auem\m ti¿ Aen kmln-_ns‚

hn\-b-Øn\pZml-c-W-ambn Hcp

kw`hw JmZn -bm -\nse aZ m

AlvaZ -øm -bnse A≤ym -] -I -

\mbncp∂ auehn XmPp-±o≥ kmln-

_v, emb¬]pcn hnh-cn -°p∂p:

""auehn ti¿ Aen kmln_v JmZn-

bm-\n¬ ZAvhsØm X_veoKns‚

knI-´-cn-bm-bn-cn°p-tºmƒ Pe-‘¿

Pam-AØv kwL-Sn-∏n-°p∂ "kod

Øp∂_n' tbmK-Øn¬ ]kw-Kn-

°m≥ Pe-‘-dn -te°v t]mIm≥

F\n°v FgpØp aptJ\ A±-l-Øn

s‚ D-Ø-chv Inń. At∏mƒ F\n°v

\√ ]\n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Fs∂ Cu

38 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

I¿Ø-hy-\n¿∆-l-W-Øn¬ \ns∂m-gn-

hm-°-W-sa-∂-t]-£n-®p-sIm≠v Rm≥

adp-]-Sn-b-b-®p. saUn-°¬ k¿ń-^n-

°‰v lmP-cm-°-W-sa∂v \n¿t±-in-®p-

sIm≠v ho≠pw IØv Inń. IØn¬

H∏n-ń-cp-∂Xv auehn ti¿ Aen

kmln_vXs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p. Rm≥

saUn-°¬ k¿ń- n-°‰v Ab-®p-sIm-

Sp-Øp. aq∂mw Znhkw, tbmK-Øn\v

Hcp Znhkw amXw _m°n-bp-≈-t∏m-

ƒ lkvdØv auem\m ti¿ Aen

kmln_v t\cn´v Fs‚ hoń¬ hcn-

Ibpw Fs‚ kpJ-hn-hcw At\z-jn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A\-¥cw Ipd-

®p ]Ww Fs‚ Iøn¬Ø∂p-sIm≠v

At±lw C]-Imcw ]d™p: ""CXv

Pe-‘-dn-te°v t]mIm-\p≈ h≠n-°q-

en-bm-Wv. Pam-AØv Fs‚ Iøn¬

X∂-b-®-Xm-Wv. AhnsS ]kw-Kn-

°m≥ t]mhm≥ A\p-tbm-Py-\mb

as‰mcmsf Is≠Øm≥ F\n°v

km[n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Xm¶ƒ Xs∂

t]mIWw F∂v Rm≥ At]-£n-°p-

∂p. Rm≥ Xm¶-fpsS Btcm-Ky-Øn-

\mbn ]m¿∞n-°mw''. auehn kmln-

_ns‚ hn\-bm-\zn-X-amb kwkmcw

tI -t∏mƒ At±-l-Øn-s‚ At]£

\nc-kn-°m≥ F\n°v Ign-™n-√.

]nt‰∂v ]pe¿s®-bp≈ h≠n°v ]pd-

s∏Sm-sa∂v Rm≥ hmKvZm\w sNbv

Xp. ]nt‰∂v ]`m-X-Øn¬ Sn°-s‰-Sp

Øv Rm≥ h≠n-bn¬ Ib-dm≥ mhn-

°p -tºmƒ auehn kmln_v

πm‰vt^md-Øn¬ k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn-cp-

∂p. Rm≥ At±-l-Øn\v lkvX-

Zm\w sNbvXp. At∏mƒ lkvdØv

auehn kmln_v Fs∂ Hcp hi-

tØ°v am‰n \n¿Øn-bn´v C]-Imcw

]d™p. ""Rm≥ Adn-hn-√mØ Hcp -

hn-UvVn-bm-Wv. F\n-°n-jvS-am-bn-cp-∂n-

s√-¶nepw KpakvXs‚ D]-tZi ]Im-

c-amWv Rm≥ Xm¶-tfmSv saUn-°¬

k¿ń-^n-°‰v lmP-cm-°m≥ ]d-™-

Xv. Rm≥ hfsc e÷n-X-\m-Wv. Xm¶-

tfmSv £am-bm-N\ sNøm-\mWv

Rm\n-hnsS h∂-Xv''.

auem\m kmln_v Cu hm°p-

Iƒ Bh¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v Xt∂mSv

\nc-¥cw £am-bm-N\ sNbvX-Xmbn

auehn XmPp-±o≥ kmln_v ]d-™n-

´p-≠v. hmKvZØ akolv (A) Xs‚

A\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬ hcp-Ønb ]cn-

h¿Ø\w FX al-Ø-cam-Wv! 1899

¬ C¥ym Kh¨sa‚n¬ \n∂v

knhn¬ PUvPn-bpsS D∂-X-amb ]Z-

hn-bn-te°v \nb-a\ hmKvZm\w e`n-®n-

v, AXv \nc-kn® AtX hy‡n-bmWv

auem\m kmln_v F∂ hkvXpX

ChnsS \mw Hm¿°-Ww.

Ah-km-\-ambn Rm≥ hnh-cn-°p-

hm≥ t]mIp∂ kw`hw aX tkh-\-

Øn-\mb PohnXw hJ^v sNbvX

ktlm-Zc≥ _Z¿ kp¬Øm≥

kmln_v \nth-Z\w sNbvX-XmWv.

At±lw lkvdØv auem\m kmln-

_n-s‚ Hcp _‘p-hm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcn-

°¬ Xm≥ lkvdØv auem\m

kmln-_ns‚ IqsS hm¿jnI ktΩ-

f-\-Øn\v t]mb-Xmbn kp¬Øm≥

kmln_v ]d-bp-∂p. ktΩ-f\ ÿe-

sØ-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Xe-ap-Xn¿∂ F√m-

h-cpw Hcp ko‰p In´m≥ th≠n tÃPn-

\-Sp-tØ°v t]mIp-∂-Xm-bn-°-≠p.

F∂m¬ lkvdØv auehn kmln_v

]mZ-c-£-Iƒ kq£n-®n-SØv Hgn-hp-t\m-

°n Ccp-∂p. Xm\Xv CjvS-s∏-Sm-™-

Xn-\m¬ lkvdØv auehn kmln-_n-

t\mSv Xm\n-]-Imcw tNmZn-®-Xmbn

kp¬Øm≥ kmln_v ]kvXm-hn-°p-

∂p: ""AΩm-hm, Bfp -I-sf√mw

apt∂m´p Kan®v tÃPn-\-Sps° ][m-

\-s∏´ Hcp ko‰p In´m≥ ian-°p-

tºmƒ Xm¶ƒ F¥m-Wn-hnsS Ccn--

°p -∂Xv?'' lkvdØv auem\m

kmln_v C]-Imcw ]d-™p: ""aIt\,

Cu ]mZ-c -£-Iƒ°Sp-Øn-cp∂p

sIm≠p Xs∂ F\n°v F√mw Inń.''

1947 HIvtSm -_¿ 20 -˛ - mw \p

lkvdØv auehn kmln-_ns\

AkpJw ImcWw emtlm-dnse

tatbm Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ ]th-in-∏n-®p.

ip¢KŸn-bn¬ Hcp ikvX-Inb \S-

Ø-s∏-´p. Aev] Znh-k-ßƒ°p

tijw ho≠pw Hcp ikvX-Inb IqSn

\S-t°-≠Xmbn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬

AXn-\nsS At±-l-Øn\v AXn-km-

chpw t_mss¶-‰nkpw ]nSn-s]- p. CXv

At±-l-Øns‚ tcmKw aq¿—n-°m≥

Imc -W-am -bn . At± -l-Øns‚

Ahÿ IqSp-X¬ tami-am-bn. 1947

\h-º¿ 3 \p hmKvZØ ako-lns\

G‰-hp-a-[nIw kvt\ln®, hnip≤

Jp¿-B≥ BZy-ambn Cw•o-jn-te°v

]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ønb B alm ]pcp-

j≥ Cu temI-tØmSv hnS ]d-™p.

A√mlp At±-l-Øns‚ Bflm-hn\v

\nXy-im¥n \¬I-s´.

Ah-ew_w: AlvaZnøm Kk‰v, I\U.

hnh. sI. hn l ≥tImb

IÄ 14-þmw \qämnse apP-±n-Zm-bn-cp¶psh¶v hniz-kn-¡p¶ AÃmam\hm_v kn±oJv lk³ Jm³ km-ln_v hsc-bp-Å-hÀ alvZn-þ-a-ko-lnsâ hc-hns\ kw_-Ôn¨v X§-fpsS KÙ-§fnÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bp -m-bn. kn±oJv lk³Jm³alvZn ako-lnsâ BK-a-\-ap-m-

thXv lnPvd 14-þmw \qäm--n-em-sW¶ Imcyhpw tcJ-s -Sp- p-I-bp-m -bn . bYm -k-abw AÃmlpl:AlvaZn(A)s\ alvZna -ko -lmbn hyà-amb ZrjvSm-´-§-tfmSpIqSn \ntbm-Kn -¨ -b-t¸mÄapkvenw ]WvUn-X-·mÀ blqZ ]mc-¼cyw ]n´p-SÀ¶v \ntj-[n -¡p-Ibpw , C¶n -t¸mÄ X§Ä¡vA§s\ Hcp alvZn-sbm¶pw hcm-

(-34 ˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v XpS¿®) \n-Ã, ako-lns\ ]Xo-£n-¨n-cn-t¡--XnÃ F¶ A]-I-S-I-c-amb hmZwk z oI - c n - ¨ n - c n -¡ p - I - b p a mW v‘i_m_v’ Imcpw kam-\-a-\-kvIcpwFX Xs¶ \ntj-[n-¨m-epw, Fs´Ãmw FXnÀ¸p-IÄ kwL-Sn- n- mepwalvZn-a-ko-lnsâ ]Øm\w Ckvemansâ BtKm-f-hn-P-b-sa¶ ]mh-\-e£yw ]m]n-¡pI Xs¶ sN¿pw,XoÀ¨. n

n


Àj-§Ä¡v ap¼v! Npäp-apÅhÀ®-]-]-©s¯ ]mÀiz-ho-£Ww \S- p-t¼mÄ -hoWp

-In-«m-dpÅ Nne CXn-hr-¯-§ÄImev]-\n-I-X-bpsS \nd-¡q-«nÂ Nmen-s -Sp v sNdp-I-Y-IÄ cNn-¡p-¶Xpw,kwKoXw s]¿p¶ ‘salv nÂ ¢ºp-I-fn’Â Ib-dn-bn-d-§p-¶Xpw, hc-I-fpwNmb-§fpw Poh³ \ÂIp¶ NnX-I-e-tbm-SpÅ A`n-\n-th-ihpw Fsât]mb-Ime tlm_n-I-fm-bn-cp¶p!Kuc-h-aÀln-¡p¶ Pohn-X-ho-£-Wtam e-£y-t_m-[tam H¶p-an-ÃmsXsXm®n-Snª hc-¼n-eqsS sX¶n-\-S¶ B bmX-¡n -S -bn -emWvAlvaZn¿m kn²m-´-§fn-te¡vBIÀjn-¡-s¸-«Xv! F¦nepw, Ipd-ª-Im-ew hnZq-c-ho-£-I-\mbn amdn-\nÂ¡m-\m-bn-cp¶p XmÂ]cyw!

]n¶o-SpÅ `mh-\-bnÂ Nnd-I-Sn-s - n-bXv AlvaZn-I-fpsS ]im- n-a-µn-c-amb tImgn-t¡mSv \K-c- nsâ]Sn-ªm-dpÅ Zmdp-Ê-em-amWv! Hcp]tXyI ImgvN- m-Sn-emWv Rm\¶vZmdp-Ê-em-ans\ In-cp-¶Xv! NneCw¥ojv kn\n-a-I-fnÂ ]Xy-£-s -Sm-dpÅ Kplm-hm-kn-I-fmb BZn-a- In-kvXy³ hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS Hfn-b-d-t]msebmbn-cp-¶p AXv. Fsâ _Ôphpw tImgn-t¡mSv Pam-A-¯n se]nb-¦-c-\mb AlvaZnbpw \nkzmÀ° tkh-I-\pambncp¶ ]tc-X-\mbhn.-]n. a½p-km-ln-_p-ambn ]e-t¸mgpwkc-k-kw-hm-Z-§Ä \S- m-dp-m-bn-cp¶p! A¶s¯ ]Xn-\-t©mfwAlvaZn¿m A\p-`m-hn-I-fpsS Iq«-¯nÂ a½p-¡-bpw, Fsâ tPyjvT

ktlmZc³ ]tc-X-\mb sI.-]n. apl-½-Zp-tImb kmln_pambn-cp¶p Zmdp-Ê-em-anÂ cl-ky-ambn Ppam-\-a-kvIm-c- n\pw t\m¼p-Xp-d-¡m\pw t]mIm-dpmbn-cp-¶-Xv. b- n-tâbpw sh]m-f- n-sâbpw k½nihn-Im-c-§-tfmsSbpÅ Ah-cpsS hchpw t]m¡p-amWvKplm-hm-kn-I-fpsS Cu k¦-ev]-¯n\v \nan- -am-bXv! aX-hn-izm-k-Im-cy- nÂ shdpw ‘»m¦v sN¡v eo^mb’ Fs¶ kw_-Ôn-t¨-S-t¯mfwIfn-bm¡n¨ncn-¡m³ hI \ÂInbtIma-Un-Ifm-bn-cp¶p AsXms¡!AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ Zmdp-Ê-em-an-s\-¡p-dn¨v Hcp ]äw hnizm-kn-IÄ ]m¯pw ]Xp-§n-bpw \pg-ªp-I-b-dp¶Hfn-¯m-h-f-¯nsâ NnX-am-bn-cp¶pa\-ÊnÂ!

Hcp hÀjw sImgn-ªp-hoWp!At¸m-tg¡pw ‘ ]im´n aµncw’ F\n¡pw ]nb-¦-c-am-bn- oÀ¶p! ]n ¶oSpBibkw-hm-Z-§-fpsS tKm Zbpwapdn-thä Nn -bpsS BXp-cm-e-b-hp-amWv Zmdp-Ê-em-sa¶v Rm\-dn-ªp. -Hcn-¡Â Zmdp-Êemansâ im -kp-µ-c-amb ]Ým- -e- nÂ, ]I¨p-\nÂ¡p¶ Hcp ]I-ensâ ]Xn-s\m-¶p-a-Wn-t\-c¯v ASp¯ kplr-¯pwkwKo-X-]n-b\pw ]Xyp-ev]-¶-a-Xnbpwhnhm-Z-XÂ -c-\p-amb ‘_m¸p’ F¶sI. tImb«n kmln_v Fs¶ henbauehn kmln-_n\v ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp¯n.

“aue-hn-km-ln-t_, CXv \½psSsI.-]n. apl-½Zp tImb-bpsS A\n-b³ sI.-]n. AlvaZv tImb; Hcp IYm-Ir- mWv Ct±-lw.”

NµnI BgvN- -Xn- nsâ ]Xm-[n-]cmbn-cp¶ ]tc-X-\mb ]n.-F. apl-½-Zp-tIm-b-bmWv sI.-]n. AlvaZvtImb F¶ Fs¶ IXnI sh¨vsI.-]n. AlvaZm-¡n-bXv.

hni-an- p-sIm-n-cp¶ auem\m_n. A_vZpÃm-lvkm-ln_v F¨v.-F.sa -bnÂ Fgp-t¶-än-cp-¶p. ]Xn- m-[-\-\mb B ]WvUn-Xsâ ]Xn-I-c-W-a-dn-bm³ R§Ä ImtXmÀ¯p!\nan-j-§Ä ]n¶n-«-t¸mÄ At±-l-¯nsâ im´ Kw`oc-amb i_vZwDbÀ¶p.

“Fgp¯v Hc-\p-K-l-am-Wv. AXvKn vämbn In«p-¶-Xp-am-Wv. F¦nepwAXv \Ã coXn-bnÂ D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-¯p-t¼m-gmWv ]tbm-P-\-s -Sp-¶Xpw]pWy-am-Ip-¶Xpw! F¶p-sh v \n§-sf-gp-Xp¶ IY-Ifn-sems¡ \a-kvI-cn-¡m\pw t\ms¼-Sp-¡m\pw Fgp-X-W-sa-¶Ã Rm³ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. Ign-bp-¶Xpw teJ-\-§Ä Fgp-Xm³ ian-¡pI.”

apJ-kvXp-Xntbm IrXn-a-XztamCÃm¯ At±l-- nsâ hm¡p-Ifpw\nÀt±-ihpw F\n¡v ]p¯³ ]tNm-Z-\-am-bn-cp¶p! Hcp ‘krjvSn-’bpsSt]cI iàn-bmbpw ]Ým-¯-e-ambpw ]n¶o-SXv ]cn-W-an-¡p-I-bp-mbn! amk-§Ä¡v tij-apÅFsâ Xqen -Im -hym -bma -¯nsâhnbÀ¸nÂ ‘KmV-\nZ’ F¶ sIm¨p-te-J\w s]mSn-ªp-h¶p! CS-¡nsSIYm-ssien F¯n-t\m-¡p¶ Hcpk¦c-k- -Xn-bm-bn-cp¶p AXv! GXm-bmepw AsXmcp hgn-¯n-cn -hn\v

`qX-Im-e-Xm-fp-I-fnÂ

Hcp krjvSn-bpsS ]›m-Ø-ehpw

I¿Ω-\n-c-X-\mb ]Xm-[n-]cpw

sI.-]n. AlvaZv

h

teJ\w

(-tijw 41˛mw t]Pn¬)

40 kXyZqX≥ G]n¬ ˛2004

gn™ am¿®v 11 Bbn-cp∂p

kvs]bn-\n-s‚ sk]v‰w-_¿ 11.

AXmbXv 2001 sk]v‰w_¿ 11-

\v Ata-cn-°-bnse sSbnUv sk≥d¿

òI-cm-I-a-WsØ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p∂

kvt^mS\ ]c-º-c-I-fmbncp∂p am¿®v

11 \v kvs]bn-\ns‚ Xe-ÿm-\-amb

am≥Un-Un¬ \S-∂-Xv. kvt^mS-\-

Øn¬ 202 t]¿ acn-°pIbpw 1500

t]¿°v ]cn-t°¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Cu kvt^mS\w kvs]bn-\nse B`y-

¥c cmjvSo-bsØ am‰n-Øn-cpØn

F∂p amX-a√ B kvt^mS\-Øns‚

tjm°v shbvhv (B-LmX Xcw-K-

ßƒ) bqtdm-∏n-s\bpw Ata-cn-°-

sbbpw ]I-º\w sIm≈n-°p-I-bm-

Wv. kvt^mS\w \S-Øn-bXv kvs]bn-

\nse hnL-S\ hmZn kwL-S-\-bmb

E.T.A. BsW-∂m-bn-cp∂p kvs]bn≥

][m-\-a¥n tPmkv amcntbm Akv

\m¿ hnfn®p tN¿Ø ]X-k-tΩ-f-\-

Øn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. ]t£, B

Btcm-]Ww ASn-ÿm\ cln-X-am-

sW∂v sXfn-bp-Ibpw A¬Iz-bnZ

kvt^mS-\-Øns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw

Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-tXmsS kwi-

b-Øns‚ F√m ap\-Ifpw A¬Izbn-

ZbpsS t\sc-bm-Wv. At\z-j-Whpw

B hgn°v \oßp∂p. apkvenw Xoh-

hm-Zn-I-fmWv kvt^mS\w \S-Øn-b-

sX∂v Gsd-°psd hy‡-am-bn- p-≠v.

kvt^mS\w Ign™v \mev Znh-k-

Øn\v tijw am¿®v 15 \v \S-Ønb

Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ t]m∏p-e¿ ]m¿ń-bp

sS t\Xmhpw Ata-cn-°-bpsS i‡-

\mb kl-bm-Xn-I-\pambn-cp∂ ][m-

\-a¥n tPmkv amcntbm Akv\m¿

]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw tkmjyen-Ãv

]m¿ń-bpsS t\Xmhpw Ata-cn-°-bpsS

CdmJv bp≤-Øns‚ cq£ hna¿i-I-

\p-amb tPmkv eqbokv tdmU-dn-Kznkv

sk]m -‰tdm hnP -bn -°p -Ibpw

sNbvXp. hnP-bn®v Ccp-]-Øn-\mep

aWn-°q-dn-\Iw sk]m-‰-tdm-bpsS

Ata-cn-°≥ hncp≤ ]kvXm-h\ hcn-

I-bp-≠m-bn. CdmJv bp≤w Hcp Zpc-

¥-am-bn-cp∂p B Zpc¥w Ct∏mgpw

XpS-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p' F∂mbncp∂p

At±-l-Øns‚ ]kvXm-h-\. XpS¿∂v

"Cdm-Jns‚ `cWw sFIy-cm-jvS-k-

`°v ssIam-d-W-sa∂pw ASpØ

Pq¨ 30 \Iw ssIam-dn-bn-s√-¶n¬

kvs]bn-\ns‚ 1300 S-∑msc ]n≥hen-

°p-sa∂pw' sk]m-‰tdm ]Jym-]n-°p-

I-bp-≠m-bn. am¿®nse Xnc-s™-Sp-

t∏msS Ata-cn-°bpsS oI-c-hn-cp≤

t]mcm- -ßƒ°v bqtdm-∏n¬ \n∂p≈

i‡-\mb Hcp Ip-´m-fnsb \jvS-s∏-

ń -cn -°p-I-bm-Wv. kvs]bn-\nse

kvt^mS-\hpw XpS¿∂v \S∂ Xnc-

s™-Sp∏p e-ßfpw Ata-cn-°-bpsS

CdmJv Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ°v Iq´p ]Xn-

I -fmbn \n∂ _n´¨, C‰-en,

t]mf≠v F∂o cmPy-ßsf A£-

cm¿∞-Øn¬ sRń-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

t]mf≠v ][m-\-a¥n sekvse°v

an√¿ kvs]bn-\nse Cu P\-hn[n

t]mf-≠n¬ Kpcp-X-c-amb k¶o¿W-X-

Iƒ krjvSn°psa∂v Xpd∂v ]d-bp-

I-bp-≠m-bn. C‰m-en-b≥ ][m-\-a-

¥nbpw D’m-ln-bmb Ata-cn-°≥

]nWn-bm-fp-amb kn¬hntbm s_¿

eqkv tIm\n kvs]bn≥ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v

kvt^mS-\sØ∏‰n \nXm¥ au\w

Zo£n-°p-I-bm-Wv. A¬Iz-bn-Z-bpsS

ASpØ e£yw e≠-t\m, hmgvk

tbm, tdmtam Bbn-cn-°m-sa∂pw

AXns‚ ]Xym-Lm-X-ßƒ G‰p-hm-

tß-≠Xv Xß-fm-sW∂pw IcpXn

_n´≥, C‰en, t]mf≠v F∂n-hn-S-ß-

fnse q]m-e-I-∑m¿°v ap´p-hn-d-°p-I-

bm-Wv. CdmJv Iq´ \io-Ic-Wm-bp-[-

ßƒ kq£n-®n-´p-s≠∂v bmsXmcp

sXfn-hp-an -√msX Xń-hn -Sp -Ibpw

]n∂oSv c‡-]p-g-sbm-gp°n B cmPyw

BI-an®p Iog-S-°p-Ibpw sNbvX

Ata-cn-°≥ \b-ßƒ°pw AXns\

]n¥p-W® Xß-fpsS `c-W-Iq-S-

Øn\psaXn-sc-bp≈ kvs]bn≥ P\-

X-bpsS hn[n-sb-gp-Øm-bn-cp∂p CXv.

Atß-b‰w A-[m¿Ωn-Ihpw A\o-Xn-

]-c-hp-amb Hcp ]I¬s°m-≈-bm-bn-

cp∂p Ata-cn-°-bpsS CdmJv bp≤w.

Bbp[ hym]m-cn-Ifpw FÆ°-º-\n-

Ifpw blq-Zn-Ifpw tN¿∂v \S-Ønb

Cu `m¥≥ bp≤sØ IÆpw ]qń

]n¥p-W®v F¥n\v kvs]bn-\ns\

Xoh-hm-Zn-I-fpsS Ipdn-am-\-am°n am‰n

F∂m-bn-cp∂p P\-ß-fpsS tNmZyw.

kvt^mS-\-Øn¬ acn® Hcp Ipń-bpsS

]nXmhv Akv\m-dpsS t]m∏pe¿

]m¿ń-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂n´pw a\-an√ma\-

t msS tkmjy-enÃv ]m¿ń°v thm v

sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Hcp A`n-ap-

J-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. (The Hindu. March21) P\-a-\- m-£n-bpsS Cu ]Xn-

tj[w bqtdm-∏ns‚ AXn¿Ønbpw

IS∂v Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns\ A`n-ap-Jo-I-

cn-°p∂ Ata-cn-°-bnepw Ae-b-Sn®p

IqSm-bvI-bn-√.

^m≥kpw P¿Ω-\n-bp-am-bn-cp∂p

bqtdm-]y≥ bqWn-bs‚ Nme-I-i‡n.

Cu c≠p cmPy-ßfpw Ata-cn-°-bpsS

BI-aW \b-ßsf F√m thZn-I-

fnepw sh®v Xpd-s∂-Xn¿Øn-´p-ap-≠v.

CXn\v ]Xn-Im-c-ambn ^m≥tIm˛

P¿Ω≥ A®p-X-≠n\v ta¬Iøp≈

bqtdm-]y≥ bqWn-bs\ Xß-fpsS

sh∏m-ń -cm -Py -ß-fmb _n´¨,

kvs]bn≥, C‰-en, t]mf≠v F∂o

bqtdm-∏n-s\bmsI ]I-º\w sIm≈n®kvs]bn≥ kvt^mS\w

I

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

apkm-^n¿


cmPy-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v Zp¿_-e-am-°p-I-

bm-bn-cp∂ Ata-cn-°≥ \bw. bqtdm-

]y≥ bqWn-bs\ "HmƒUv bqtdm∏v'

F∂p ]d™v CS-°nsS ]cn-l-kn-

°m\pw Ata-cn° ad-∂n-√. Cu

Ata-cn-°≥ _‘-Øn¬ \n∂pamWv

kvs]bn≥ Ct∏mƒ tamNn-X-bm-b-Xv.

kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw kvs]bn≥ ^mt¶

P¿Ω≥ ]£-tØ°v \oßm-\mWv

km≤y-X. Ata-cn-°sb X≈n-∏-d-

™n´pw Ahn sS kw`-hn® Cu qI-

º-ß-sfm∂pw Adn-™n-s√∂ ań¬

hnP-bn® tkmjy-enÃv ][m-\-

a¥nsb hnfn®v _pjv AΩm-h≥

A`n-\-µ-\-a-dn-bn-®n-´p-≠v. Ata-cn-°

bpw kvs]bn-\p-am-bp≈ _‘w ]g-

b-Xp-t]mse XpS-cp-sa∂pw _pjv Adn-

bn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

Ata-cn-°-bp-sSbpw Ckm-bn-en-

s‚bpw `m¥-amb bp≤-s°m-Xnbpw

A[n-\n-thi at\m-`m-hhpw Nqj-W-

Øn\p≈ B¿Ønbpw bqtdm-]y≥

P\X Xncn-®-dn-™n-´p-≠v. ê-

kvXo≥ P\-X-tbmSv Ck-tbepw A

ta-cn-°bpw ImWn-°p∂ a\p-jy

Xzcln-X-amb AXn-I-a-ßƒ a\p-

jyXzw ac-hn-®n-ń-√mØ a\-:km-

£nsb thZ-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. ê-

kvXo-\n-I-fpsS Bflob t\Xmhpw

"lamkv' F∂ hntam-N-\-t]m-cmfn

kwL-S-\-bp-sS Xe-h-\p-amb ssiJv

AlvaZv- bm-kos\ anssk¬ BI-a-

W-Øn-eqsS sIme-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv

temI-Ønse F√m kam-[m\ Imw

£n-I-sfbpw sRń-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

Im‰v hnX®p sImSp-¶m‰v sImøp-∂

Cu blq-Z- bm¶n \b-ßƒ bp≤ \nc-

Xhpw Aim-¥n-\n-d-™-Xp-amb Hcp

temI-sØ-bmWv krjvSn-°p-I. oI-

c-hmZw X\nsb apf-®p-s]m-ßp-∂-X-√.

òI-c-hmZw krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv

sNøp-∂-Xv. \o-Xn- ]pe-cp∂ temI

Øv oI-c-hm-Z-Øn\v ÿm\-sa-hnsS?

h≥i-‡n- cmjvS-ßƒ Ah-cpsS ]

Nmc-Wm-bp-[-ßfpw kJy-ßfpw tN¿

∂v i‡n-lo-\-cmb cmPy-ßƒs°-

Xnsc oI-cm-I-a-W-ßƒ Agn-®phn v

AXv temIsØ c£n-°m-\msW∂v

]N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXv `c-W-IqS

òI-c-X-bm-Wv. CXn-s\-Xnsc _e-lo-

\cpw Akw-L-Sn-X-am-b-h-cpsS ]Xn-

I-c-W-amWv òI-c-X. am[y-a-ßfpw

ÿm]nX Xm¬]-cy-°mcpw c-W-IqS

òI-c-Xsb Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v kw

L-S-\-Iƒ \S-Øp∂ òI-c-Xsb am

Xw A]-e-]n-®Xv sIm≠v Imcy-am-bn-

√. c≠v òI-c-X-Ifpw a\p-jy-hw-i-

Øn\v A]-I-S-I-c-am-Wv. bqtdm-]y≥

P\X Ata-cn-°-bpsS Cu Cc- -Øm-

∏n-s\-Xnsc kvs] bn\n¬ sh®v ]Xn-

tj[w tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kz

¥w P\-X-bpsS at\m-hn-Imcw Dƒ

s°m-≈m≥ Ign-bmØ c-W-Iq-S-ßƒ

Hcp \mƒ Nn√p-sIm-´mcw t]mse

XI¿∂-Sn-bp-sa∂mWv kvs]bn≥

\¬Ip∂ ]mTw. bqtdm]y≥ P\-X-

bpsS ]pXnb Znim-t_m[w I≠-

dn™v Ata-cn-°-s°-Xnsc Hcp Xncp-

Ø¬ i‡nbmbn amdm≥ bqtdm-∏n\v

Ign -bp -am -dm -I -s´ F∂v \ap°v

]Xymin-°mw.

XpS¡w Ip-dn-¡t« F¶p IcpXnkXy-Zq-X³ amkn-I-bn-te¡v Ab- p-sIm-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp! ]s£;‘kXy-Zq-X-\n’ -te¡v ]kn-²o-I-c-W-¯n-¶-b¨ BZy krjvSn -bpsSBKa\w thgm-¼Â ag- Im- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse \op-t]mbn! ‘KmV-\nZ’ F¶ Xe-s¡-«p-t]mse AXvFs¶t¶¡p-ambn ]Xm-[n-]-cpsSNh-äp-sIm-«-bnÂ \nXy-amb Dd-¡-¯nsâ Aý-hn-i-a-¯n-em-sW¶tXm¶Â a\-ÊnÂ DS-¡n-\n¶p!amkw \mep Ign-ªn«pw teJ\wshfn¨w InÃ! amkn-I-bpsS Hmtcme¡hpw AXymÀ¯n-tbmsS ‘dm¸À’s]m«n-¡p-t¼m-gp-m-b a\-Ênsâ a±-fw -sIm«p amXw an -ambn! HSp-hnÂ,]mfn-t¸mb ia-§-fpsS \jvS- nsâ]«n-I-bnÂ B cN-\sb DÄs -Sp¯nau\w ]qp!

Cu kµÀ - nemWv Xe-tÈcn þI®qÀ mK-t¯¡v Hcp bmX Xc-s -

«Xv! ‘an\m-c¯v Cw¥ojv IzmÀ«Àen’bpsS ]Xm-[n-]À P\m_v Fw. Ben-t¡mb kmln_v AlvaZn¿m ]Nm-c-W-kw-cw- -§Ä¡v DuÀÖw ]I-cm³]pXp-a-bpÅ Hcp ]ZÀi-\s¯¡pdn vNnń- p-sIm-n-cp¶ Ime-am-bn-cp¶pAXv! Bi-b-§fpw NnX-§fpwtImÀ¯n-W¡n ImWn-Isf hnÚm-\-]-]-©- n-te¡v B\-bn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p ]-ZÀi-\-¯nsâ e£yw!F¶mÂ, At±lw a\-ÊnÂ kq£n¨hn]p-e-amb Bi-b-§Ä \qtdmfwt_mÀUp-I-fnÂ F§s\ ]ZÀin- n-¡-W-sa¶ kmt¦-Xn-I-h-i-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Hcp ]T\w \S-t --Xp-m-bn-cp-¶p. Cu Bh-iy- n\v Xe-tÈcn\K-c-k` kwLSn¸n¨ asämcp ]ZÀi\w ImWm-\pw, AlvaZn¿m FIvkn-_n-j\v cq]w \ÂIm\pw Ben-t¡mbkmln_v Ft¶bpw £Wn-¨p.C¶s¯ ‘AÂJpÀ-B³ FIvkn-_n-j-’tâbpw ]gb ‘AlvaZn¿m FIvkn-_n-j’ -tâbpw P\-bn-Xm-hmb At±-

l-t¯m-sSm-¸-apÅ bmX-bn-emWvI®qÀ knän-bnse ‘SmPva-lÂ’ Rm³BZy-ambn ImWp-¶-Xv.

A¶v ‘SmPva-l-en’sâ IhmSw IS-¡p-t¼mÄ Ccp-]- n-aq-¶p-Im-c-\mbHcp ]p¯³ Alv-a-Zn-bpsS IuXp-I-am-bn-cp¶p a\Êp \ndsb! tIcfAlva-Zn¿m Ncn-X- nsâ KÀ -Kr-l-amb I®q-cnsâ Ncn-X-in-ev]n-IÄCXm- Is¿- m-hp¶ Zqc¯v. ]Ån-bnÂ ]th-in- -t¸mÄ IXv kXy-Zq-Xsâ apJy-]-Xm-[n-]À P\m_vF³. lmanZv kmln-_n-s\-bm-Wv.Ckvemw aX-Xz-Úm\w F¶ KÙwae-bmf mjm-km-ln-Xy- n¶v k½m-\n¨ ]cn- m-j-I³! Rm³ BZy-ambnhmbn-¨ Alva-Zn¿m kmln-XyhpwAXm-bn-cp¶p!

_lp-am\ ZrjvSn-tbmsS kao-]n-¨-t¸mÄ im´\pw hn\-bm-\zn-X\pamb At±lw sasÃ ]d-ªp:

“\n§-fpsS teJ\w t\cs¯In«n-bn-cp-¶p. ]s£; AXnÂ ‘B[p-

(-39 ˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)

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\nI dn]vhm³ hn¦nÄ amÀ’ F¶ Hcp]cm-aÀi-ap-v. B dn]vhm³ hn¦n-fns\H¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡-W-sa¶v tXm¶n.AXmWv sshIn-b-Xv. ASp¯ e¡-¯nÂ AXv ]kn-²o-I-cn-¡pw.”

lmanZv kmln-_nsâ hm¡p-I-fnÂ \n¶v teJ\w acn- n-«n-sÃ-¶pw,dn]vhm³ hn¦n-fnsâ \o Dd¡wt]mse AXv KmV-\n-Z-bn-em-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶pw t_m²y-ambn! F¶mÂFs¶ Gsd AÛp-X-s -Sp- n-bXvCX kq£va-ambpw IWn-i-ambpw‘amä-dp-IÄ’ ]cn-tim-[n-¡p¶ ]Xm-[n-]sc¡pdn-¨mWv! Hcp DZm-l-c-W-¯nsâ kwibw XoÀ¡-m\pw, AXn-\pÅ Bi-b-] -c -amb _ÔwNnIsªSp¯v ]cn-tim-[n-¡m-\pw,

B kn¼-ensâ HuNn-Xy-ap-lqÀ¯whne-bn-cp- m\pw Znh-k-§Ä Im¯n-cp¶v kXy-k-Ô-amb ‘A£-c-§Ä’hmb-\-¡mÀ¡v \ÂI-W-sa¶v \nÀ_-Ô-apÅ IÀ½-\n-c-X-\mb ]Xm-[n-]À!]kn-²o-I-c--¯n\v In«p¶ FÃmkrjvSn-I-fpsS Imcy- nepw At±lwIWn-i-¡m-c-\m-bn-cp-¶p-hsX! kq£va-Zr¡pw AKm-[-Ú\pw AlvaZn¿mDdp-Zp-km-ln-Xy-km-K-c- nsâ BgwIs-¯nb Bfp-amb At±lw,]nÂ¡me Xeap-d¡v ]X-]-hÀ¯\wBß-kaÀ¸-W-am-sW¶v kz´wPohn-X- n-eqsS ]mTw \ÂInb IÀ½-tbm-Kn-bm-bn-cp¶p! A¨Sn \nÀ-Æ-ln-¡p¶-tXmsS Xsâ ZuXyw ]qÀ®-am-sb¶v At±lw Icp-Xn-bn-cp-¶nÃ!

hmb-\-¡m-cpsS hnem-k-§sfgpXn‘dm¸À’ H«n-¡p-I-bpw, Hcp amks¯‘krjvSn-’bpsS mcw Npa¶v X]m-em-¸o-knsâ ]Sn-¡Â ImhÂ InS-¡p-I-bpw, HSp-hnÂ AXv t]mÌp sN¿p-¶-tXmsS Bizm-k- nsâ s\Sp-hoÀ¸n-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX ]Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp¶pAt±lw!

lmanZv kmln-_nsâ A\p-Kr-lo-X-amb XqenI FUn-än-§neqsS \nÀÆ-ln¨ ikvX-In-b-IÄ ‘KmV\nZ'F¶ sIm¨p-te-J-\s¯ kw_-Ôn-t¨-S-t¯mfw kvt\l-km-µ-ambXqhÂkv]Ài-hpw, DWÀ¯p-]m-«nsâDt -P-\hpw; t]mÕm-l-\- nsâXtem-S-ep-am-W¶v Fsâ a\ÊvCt¸mgpw ]d-bp¶p!

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