PRENATEL TO ONE YEAR

Inherited

Determined at time of birth Teratogen Any substance that adversely affects

the developing chld Tobacco Alcohol Certain drugs (tetracycline) Viruses

Reviewing APGAR

Assessment at 1 min and 5 min Color Reflex Heart rate Respiratory rate Muscle tone

Baby’s Head

Large compared to rest of body Skull bones soft Anterior fontanel closes by 12-18

months Posterior closes by 4 months

Teeth by 6-7 months

Physical Features

Average weight 7.5 pounds Average length 20 inches Boys > girls Skin is thin and delicate – vernix Skin may have hair- lanugo May be jaundiced First stool – meconium - yellow to

green then pasty yellow if breast fed

Reflexes Swallowing Gagging Sneezing Blinking Rooting (4-6 months) Babinski- (3 months) Tonic neck – (head turned to one

side, arm and leg will follow) (5 months)

Sucking (6 months) Palmar Grasp-6 weeks to 3 months

Gross Motor Skills

Large muscle groups Growth and development progress

downward for head to toe 2 months control head 3 months sits with support 7 months sits alone 10 months creeps 9-11 months stands with support 12-15 months – walks

Erickson

Completing the task of trust Emotional bonds are known as

attachment = engrossment Encourage both parents to attach Temperament is inborn Parenteral guidance

Saying NO Substituting

Cognitive Development

Cause and effect method – responding to new environment

Infant communicates by babbling and smiling

Infants learn to talk by mimicking words and building a vocabulary

By 1 year should say 4-6 words

Fine Motor Skills

Refers to use hands and feet Follows proximodistal pattern

Shoulder movement before hands and finger movement

6 months hold a bottle 5 months purposeful reaching 7 months preferred hand

Grasping and releasing small objects 9 months drink from a cup

Moral Development

They react to pain and love and judge behavior on how it affects them

Communication

Crying (fingers in mouth – hungry/ pulling up les –gas/ high pitched noise 0 CNS injury)

Momma, dada

Nutritional Needs

Breast milk or formula Solids around 5 months Add one new food at a time Wean from bottle about 8/9 months

(teeth)

VS

Breast NO prep Free Mothers must be

present Moe easily digested Low in fat Promotes bonding Immunity Uterus contracts Weight loss

Bottle Requires prep More costly Frees up Mother’s

time

NOT High in fat Dad can bond Mother can eat

whatever Amount taken can be

measured

Sleep

20 hours for newborn Light sleep marked by stirring

movements SIDS linked to sleep patterns (first 5

months) Put to sleep on back

Play

Help infants learn about their environment

Play is solitary Bright toys No small parts

Safety / Health

Most accidents are preventable Supervision at all times Regular check-ups – immunizations Good health habits

NEVER USE ASA FOR FEVER OR DISCOMFORT = MAY

LEAD TO REYE’S SYNDROME

Doctor Visit

Fever > 100.4 Difficult or labored breathing Absence of stools or urine Persistent vomiting or diarrhea Extreme lethargy or hyperirritability