NAME:__________________________________________________ BLOCK:________

SCIENCE 9: PHYSICS UNITI. STATIC ELECTRICITYB D A E SKILLS

1. Define static electricity and explain how static charges are built up2. Describe the rules of static electricity 3. Differentiate between Induction and conduction4. Explain some applications and dangers of static electricity

II. VOLTAGEB D A E

5. Define voltage and identify the symbol6. Producing voltage – batteries and other sources

III. CURRENTB D A E

7. Define current electricity and identify its symbols8. Distinguish between static and current electricity, and between electron flow

and conventional current9. Identify the necessary features of a complete circuit

IV. RESISTANCE AND OHM’S LAWB D A E

10. Define resistance and identify its symbols11. Perform calculations using Ohm’s law

V. SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS B D A E

12. Define a series and parallel circuit13. Draw series and parallel circuit diagrams using appropriate symbols 14. Demonstrate the correct way of connecting voltmeters and ammeters 15. Perform calculations based on series circuit diagrams 16. Perform calculations based on parallel circuit diagrams

% Physics Exam Result

Beginning Developing Accomplished ExemplaryDoes not demonstrate a basic understanding of concepts.

Demonstrates a basic understanding of concepts.

Demonstrates a solid understanding of concepts.

Demonstrates a complete and deep understanding of concepts.

LEVEL Beginning Developing Accomplished ExemplaryLETTER GRADE I/F C-/C C+/B-/B/B+ A-/A/A+PERCENTAGE 0 30 45 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

% % of Unit1

My estimate based on quizzes and assignments:

Mark Assigned by my teacher: 70

My Physics Exam mark 30

To Do List This is a list of the activities in this unit. You can check off the activities as you complete them.√ ACTIVITY FINISH BY DATE

Watch the Bill Nye video on static electricity and complete the worksheet while you are watchingUsing the text and the internet, complete the notes on static electricity

Complete the Static Electricity Worksheet

With a partner, complete the Static Electricity Lab and the accompanying questions

Complete quiz on Static Electricity Use your text, our website, and the internet to complete the notes on II. Voltage.Make your Foldables Study Summary package as per BC Science 9 p. 269. Use the topics suggested in your package, or use your own. Fill it in as you go on.Complete the “Design your own battery” lab

Complete quiz on Voltage Use your text, our website, and the internet to complete the notes on III. Current.Complete the two worksheets: Circuit Diagrams Fill in your foldableComplete quiz on CurrentUse your text, our website, and the internet to complete the notes on IV. Resistance and Ohm’s Law.Complete the worksheet: Ohm’s Law. The final answers are given after each question.Complete the Ohm’s Law activityFill in your foldableComplete quiz on Resistance and Ohm’s Law Use your text, our website, and the internet to complete the notes on V. Series and Parallel Circuits. Part (1) Series CircuitsComplete the worksheet: Series CircuitsUse your text, our website, and the internet to complete the notes on V. Series and Parallel Circuits. Part (2) Parallel CircuitsComplete the worksheet: Parallel Circuits Complete the worksheet: Parallel and Series circuitsComplete the online simulation: resistors in series and parallel circuits Complete the series and parallel circuits comparison table Fill in your foldableComplete quiz on Series and Parallel

Study for Last Unit Exam: ____________________________________________Finish foldableSome review is included in your Physics package. Much more available on-line!

2

INTRO: BILL NYE VIDEO – STATIC ELECTRICITYComplete while the video is playing!

1. Charged particles that build up and don’t flow: ________________electricity.

2. Static electricity is from a word that means ______________________.

3. Electrons build up a big charge and then the charge lets go. The electrons start flowing. Isn’t that wild; it’s_______________________________.

4. A static charge occurs when electrons ________________________on something.

5. What do opposite electric charged do when they are brought close to each other? ________________

6. Why do the hairs of Bill Ney’s “Rocking Wig of Science” stand out as they do?

7. Clothes taken out of the dryer often stick together. This is called:______________________________

8. Static on radios and tvs is picked up by antennae and is caused by static on ____________ and

_____________ _____________ in the atmosphere.

9. When electrons jump off of things, scientists say that they ________________________

10. Bills Generator has a ground wire that runs from the machine right to the main cold _______________

11. The pipes run underneath the floor to the lab, all the way down into the________________

12. You may have seen the third prong on some electrical plugs; it’s the __________________________. It

lets extra electrons get to or from the ____________________quickly and quietly.

13. Lightning can strike backwards from the __________________ to a _________________.

14. In Bill Nye’s story time, he mentions that long ago pine tree sap hardened into a gold coloured

substance we call _________________________

15. What is the Greek word for amber?_________________________

16. The top of the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, is about 184 m off the ground, very close to the

clouds. As a result, there is a _________________________________on it. If an electrical storm

comes along, the electrons can find their way to the ___________________through one of these

things.

17. The safest place to be in a thunderstorm is in your ______________

18.Static electricity isn’t always static. That is it doesn’t always__________________________________

3

Using the BC Science 9 text and/or the internet, complete the following set of notes

I. STATIC ELECTRICITYThere are two types of electricity: _________________ and _________________Static electricity is:

e- can be transferred from one object to another via _____________________ static electricity can’t be forced through a wire or circuit (that’s called

______________electricity)

most objects are neutral meaning the # of ______________ = the # of ______________

diagram; Atomic Structure

Solids become charged by gaining or losing _____________Friction & Electron TransferWhat is “friction”?

When two objects are rubbed together, one can lose _____________________ to the other.

For example:

Rubber has a much greater attraction for electrons than animal fur. as a result, the atoms of rubber pull _____________________ from the atoms of animal fur this leaves both objects with an imbalance of charge:

o The rubber balloon has an __________ of electrons so it has a _______________ charge o the animal fur has a ______________ of electrons which leaves it __________________

charged. different materials have different __________________________ for electrons.

What is the triboelectric series?

Example:Acetate (plastic) + paper towel+ - + + - + + + + - + + e- - - + - - - + + - - - + - -

paper plastic

4

INSULATORS & CONDUCTORSInsulator:

Examples:

Conductor:

Examples:

Van de Graaf GeneratorDraw a diagram and describe how it works:

Dangers of Static ElectricityLightning

Describe the process that produces lightning:

What is a force?

Rules for Static Charge

1.

2.

3.

5

Important! Remember that objects become:

negatively charged by ______________________________________and

positively charged by ______________________________________

protons never leave the ________________________

Induced Charge:

Conduction:

What is an electrical discharge?

Compare induction vs. conduction

Safety Tips For Electrical Storms

http://www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/outdoors.shtmlhttp://www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/indoors.shtml

QUIZ QUESTIONS:

Things I think might be on the next quiz:

6

STATIC ELECTRICITY WORKSHEETVocabulary

AcetateAtoms conductors coulomb

Electric Electrons grounding insulators

NegativeNeutralNeutronsnucleus

Positive protons static charge Van de Graaff generator

Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks. You may use terms more than once. You will not need to use every term.

1. Static electricity is also known as _____________________________. This refers to the build-up of electric charge in one place.

2. All matter is made of tiny particles called________________________.

3. The positively charged ____________________is the center of the atom. It consists of positively charged subatomic particles called ___________________ and subatomic particles with no charge called ____________________.

4. The negatively charged subatomic particles called ______________________occupy the area around the nucleus.

5. An object is uncharged or _____________________when the number of positive charges equals the number of negative charges.

6. If an atom loses an electron, it has more protons than electrons. This atom will have an overall _____________________________charge.

7. If an atom gains an electron, it has more electrons than protons. This atom will have an overall _____________________________charge.

8. Glass and acetate are examples of ______________________________because they do not allow electrons to move easily through them. Metals like copper and aluminum are good ____________________________because they allow electrons to move freely through them.

9. The _____________________is a unit of electric charge.

10. Scientists use a(n)______________________________________________to create static charge.

11. Lightning rods on top of buildings allow static charges from lightning to flow into the Earth’s surface. This is known as _____________________________________.

7

Use the following diagram to answer the questions that follow.

Tendency to Tendency toLose electrons gain electrons

+ -

Glass human hair wool cat’s fur silk cotton paper balloon vinyl plastic rubber

When 2 objects are rubbed together: ●The material closer to the left of the series will have ● the material closer to the right of the series will have

a greater tendency to lose electrons and become a greater tendency to gain electrons and become positive negative

12. As you take your clothes out of the dryer, your wool socks are clinging to your silk shirt. What is the charge on the wool sock and on the silk shirt?

Charge on the socks:_______________________ Charge on the shirt:________________________

13. You use a plastic comb to comb your hair. What is the charge on your hair and on the comb?

Charge on the hair:_______________________ Charge on the comb:________________________

14. You use a paper towel to rub off some dirt on a glass window. What is the charge on the glass and on the paper towel?

Charge on the glass:_______________________ Charge on the paper towel:______________________

15. You rub a balloon along your cat’s back, causing the cat’s fur to stand up. What is the charge on the balloon and on the cat’s fur?

Charge on the balloon:_______________________ Charge on the cat’s fur:________________________

16. Using the list of words below, complete the following sentences. Each word may be used more than once.

opposite, positive, positively, neutral, negative, negatively

A. _____________________charges are unlike charges.

B. Two like charges are either both ______________ or both _______________.

C. If two ___________________charges are brought together, they will be attracted to one another.

D. If a ____________________charged object is brought near a positively charged object, they will repel.

E. If a __________________charged balloon is brought near a positively charged object, the balloon is attracted to the positively charged object.

8

Use the following diagram to answer questions 17 -19. Use (-) to represent negative charges and (+) to represent positive charges.

+ - + - + - + - + - - + - + - + - + - ++- + - + - + - + -

17. The diagram above represents a neutral solid object. What is the relationship between the number of positive and negative charges in a neutral object?

18. When the above neutral object is rubbed with a material, it becomes positively charged.

(a) Draw a new diagram that represents the object with a positive charge.

(b) How do the number of positive charges compare to the original diagram?

(c) How do the number of negative charges compare to the original diagram?

19. When the neutral object is rubbed with a different material, it becomes negatively charged.

(a) Draw a new diagram that represents the object with a positive charge.

(b) How do the number of positive charges compare to the original diagram?

(c) How do the number of negative charges compare to the original diagram?

20. Use the words “increased”(I) or “decreased”(D) to complete each of the following statements.

(a) To increase the electric force between two charged objects, the distance separating the charges should be…

(b) To increase the electric force between two charged objects, the amount of charge on one or both objects should be…

(c) To decrease the electric force between two charged objects, the distance separating the charges should be…

(d) To decrease the electric force between two charged objects, the amount of charge on one or both objects should be…

21. The diagrams below show two charged balloons hanging on thin threads. One balloon in each diagram is identified as either positive (+) or negative (-). The arrows indicate whether the two balloons are attracted or repelled. On the diagrams, label the charges on the unidentified balloons.

(a) (b) (c)

9

Static Electricity LabYou will see stations set up around the perimeter of the classroom. Stations may be completed IN ANY ORDER. Spread yourselves out! Use the table provided below to record your answers and observations.

STATION 1

Sticky Wall

1.2.

3.

STATION 2

Dancing Cereal

1.

2.

3.

STATION 3

Opposites Attract

1.

2.

3.

STATION 4

Salt and Pepper

1.

2.

3.

STATION 5

Snake Charmer

1.

STATION 6

Rolling Can

1.

STATION 7

Magic Wand

1.

10

II. VOLTAGE

Borrow a text (or use the on-line version) to complete the notes

Electric Potential Energy and Voltage

• Energy = the ability to __________________________

• Electric energy that is stored is ___________________ energy

• Electric energy that is moving is __________________ energy.

• Electrons separated from the positive nucleus “want” to return to their original location

• If the electrons are held separated, then these electrons have ________________ _________________ energy.

• The amount of energy the separated electrons possess is dependent upon

(1)

(2)

Electrochemical cells

• convert ________________ energy into __________________ energy.

• chemical energy separates the _________________ from the _________________ charges

Battery• Connecting _____________ together forms _______________________.

• It is now accepted language to refer to all electrochemical cells as batteries, regardless of the number of cells involved.

• The ends of batteries, where we make a connection, are called _________________.

• Extra e- accumulate on one terminal making it _________________ charged

• e- left from the other terminal, leaving that terminal _________________ charged

• when the battery is connected to an electrical device, _________________ can flow through the _________________ _________________.

• The _________________ energy is transformed into other forms of energy (eg. Sound, heat, light…)

• Batteries change _________________ E into _________________ E

11

Electric Potential Difference/Voltage• Potential difference, or voltage as it is more commonly called, is proportional to the _________________ that

the charges have been separated.

• The actual potential energy is the product of both the _________________ and the amount of _________________ (Energy =Voltage × Charge).

• The unit of electric charge is the _________________ whose symbol is: ____

• One coulomb = _________________ e- (gained or lost)

• The amount of electric potential energy per coulomb of charge is called the _________________ _________________ or _________________.

• The unit of voltage = _________________ whose symbol is: ____

• _________________ measures the amount of potential difference between two locations

• Voltage is sometimes thought of as a force motivating electrons to "_________" in a circuit

• specific measure of potential energy that is always relative between _________ _________.

• When we speak of a certain amount of voltage being present in a circuit, we are referring to the measurement of how much potential energy exists to move electrons from one particular point in that circuit to another particular point. Without reference to two particular points, the term "voltage" has no meaning.

Producing VoltageBatteries come in 2 basic types:

1. ___________________: batteries in flashlights, watches, etc. 2. ___________________: car batteries

• Two terminals on a battery are called _________________

• Usually made of 2 different _________________ or a metal + __________________________________

• Electrodes are in an _________________

• Electrolyte:

• The electrolyte in a dry cell is a _________________ _________________.

• The electrolyte in a wet cell is a _________________

12

Electrochemical Cell:

• Amount of voltage produced depends on the types of _________________, and the _________________ used.

• Batteries change chemical E _________________ E by _________________ charge

• Other forms of energy can also be used to separate charge and provide electrical E

Connecting a Voltmeters

Measures how much energy the e- lost while “falling” through the load (voltage drop), or gained while “raised” through the battery.

Voltmeters are connected around the load or the battery

Measuring the voltage drop across the light bulb Measuring the voltage of the battery

Reading a Voltmeters

Watch the online video on how to read a voltmeter (available at msveenstra.weebly.com under physics materials)PRACTISE

Voltage = 7.2 V Voltage = Voltage = Voltage =

13

DESIGN YOUR BATTERY

Objective:Create an electrochemical cell with the highest voltages

Choose electrolyte: Choose two electrodes: Measure the voltage:(you must bring your own) (Available in class) (Available in class)banana aluminium wireslemon copper voltmetercola zincvinegar nickelsalt water tinother fruits? Other?other liquids?

Criteria:1. Make a drawing of your setup showing all the parts of the circuit in a clear manner. Make sure to label

the electrolyte and electrodes.2. List all your materials and justify why you picked those materials3. List yours and a min. of three other groups data in a table (label table correctly)4. Answer the following questions:

a) Can you know before testing which terminal of your battery is the positive terminal? Why? Why not?

b) In your experiment, which electrode where the positive terminal?c) What materials are needed to produce a high voltage in an electro chemical cell?d) How could you produce a higher voltage using several electrochemical cells?e) Why are fruit batteries not used in everyday life? (List min. two reasons)

What to hand in• A group report that include all of the above (see rubric online)

14

STUDY SKILL: Foldables

Get a BC Science 9 textbook and open to page 269. You are going to produce a similar “foldable” for yourself. You need to choose your topics. I suggest the following as headings:

1. Producing Static Charge and Induction versus Conduction2. Relationships between Charged Objects (Rules)3. Uses and Dangers of Static Electricity4. Voltage5. Current6. Resistance7. Ohm’s Law8. Series Circuits9. Parallel Circuits

Your “foldable” should contain useful key ideas, diagrams and tables. Make this your go-to study guideWhat is on the next Quiz?!!

Before continuing, look back at what you have learned about current electricity so far, and check out the required skills for this section. Now decide what questions YOU think will be on the next quiz. Write down 10 questions, with answers. Find two buddies to share with. Did they have ideas you didn’t think of? Did you? Between the three of you, have you pretty much got the questions for the next quiz? Now all you need to do is practice!

15

III. ELECTRIC CURRENT

Borrow a text (or use the on-line version) to complete the notes Current electricity is defined as the amount of __________________ passing a point in a

conductor every _________________ unit for measuring current is the________________ whose symbol is: ____ and is defined

as: ____________ device used to measure current is the ___________________ Electric circuit is any __________________ pathway that allows electrons to leave a

source and eventually return to that source

Electric circuit must contain at least one source of __________________ In electric circuit electrons flow through devices called __________________ in the

circuit that convert electricity to ___________________________________________ Loads are things like: __________________ __________________ __________________

What is Conventional Current? And how is it different from electron flow?

SIMPLE CIRCUITS – The path of electrons __________________ E in the battery gives e- on the __________________ terminal of the

battery __________________ energy. e- are attracted to the __________________ terminal the __________________ is the pathway they e- can travel through e- leave the __________________ terminal and are pushed by the E of the

__________________ (voltage) __________________ E is converted into __________________ energy in the light bulb (load) __________________ complete the circuit by travelling the rest of the way back to the

__________________ terminal of the battery

How is current electricity and static electricity different?

Upon returning to the source, all of the Electric potential energy in the charge

must be converted to other forms of energyBasic Circuit Components and Diagrams

16

Give a description (in your own words) for the four basic components:1. Source: 2. Conductor: 3. Electric Load: 4. Switch:

Describe how a flashlight works:

Basic Circuit DiagramsDraw the diagram for all the components in the table below.

COMPONENT DIAGRAM COMPONENET DIAGRAMconducting wire bulb

voltmeter Open switch

Cell closed switch

battery resistor All circuit diagrams should be drawn using a ruler. All turns in the circuit should be drawn at 90° angles. Not all circuit diagrams will be identical The size & spacing of the components is not important, but the components should be

in the same order as the initial illustration. The battery in a circuit may be symbolized as either a battery or a cell. Modern convention is to use the cell symbol to represent both cells and batteries

Connecting Ammeters in a Circuit An ammeter counts the number of

coulombs passing a particular point every second

In order to connect an ammeter to a circuit, you must break the circuit and insert the meter.

Ammeters becomes part of the pathway

17

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WORKSHEET: Drawing labelled circuit diagrams.

Draw the circuit diagrams described below. Be sure to use the proper circuit symbols, and label your drawings.

Description Diagram 1. Draw a circuit diagram consisting of

a 9.0 V battery, an ammeter, and a 25 resistor. Include a voltmeter that is measuring the potential difference across the resistor.

Show the direction in which the electrons flow.

1. 

 2.

  Show the direction in which the electrons flow.

2. 

 3. Draw a circuit diagram consisting of a battery made up of four 1.5 V cells, one closed switch, one lamp, one resistors, and a voltmeter measuring the potential difference across the light.

Show the direction of the conventional current flow.

3. 

18

19

mwww.superteacherworksheets.cSuper Teacher Worksheets -

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

pictured on the right. Explain why the light bulb isn't lighting up in the circuit. 3

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

pictured on the right. Explain why the light bulb isn't lighting up in the circuit2

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

pictured on the right.Explain why the light bulbs won't light in the circuit . 1

What's Wrong With These

IV. RESISTANCE AND OHM’S LAWUsing the BC Science 9 text and/or the internet, complete the following set of notes Resistance is:

e- tend to move through conductors with some degree of ________________, or opposition to motion.

the amount of current in a circuit depends on the amount of voltage available to motivate the electrons, and also the amount of resistance in the circuit to oppose electron flow.

Just like ________________, resistance is a quantity relative between two ________________. For this reason, the quantities of voltage and resistance are often stated as being

"between" or "across" two points in a circuit.Ohm’s Law shows how __________, __________, and __________, relate mathematically

Quantity Symbol Unit Unit Abbrev.

Meter used for

measurement

Current

Voltage

Resistance

Formula for OHM’S LAW: V = IR In this algebraic expression, voltage (V) is equal to current (I) multiplied by resistance (R). Using algebra techniques, we can manipulate this equation into two variations, solving for I and for R, respectively:

Formula for calculating:

I = R =

V =

20

Example: What is the amount of current in the circuit above?

Solution: I = V = 12 V = 4A R 3Ω

Practice: What is the amount of resistance (R) offered by the lamp in the diagram above?

Solution: R = V = 36 V = 9 Ω I 4 A

Practice: What is the amount of voltage (V) offered by the source in the diagram above?

Solution: V = IR V = (1.5 A) ( 10 Ω + 5 Ω) = 22.5 V

21

OHM’S LAW ACTIVITYMaterials:Light, battery, ammeter and voltmeter

Instructions 1. Set up a circuit with one battery and one light bulb. Correctly connect the ammeter and the voltmeter. Measure the voltage and current of the bulb (record the data in the table) – be sure to pay attention to the light's intensity.

1. Set up a circuit with two batteries and one light bulb. Correctly connect the ammeter and the voltmeter. Measure the voltage and current of the bulb (record the data in the table) – be sure to pay attention to the light's intensity.

Labelled circuit diagrams

Intensity of light

Measured voltage

Measured current

Calculated resistance

22

OHM’ LAW WORKSHEET

Answer the following questions onto separate paper. Show ALL your work. Final answers are given in square brackets following the question.

1. What is the resistance of a toaster if a current of 12.5 A flows through it when it is connected to 120 V? [9.6 Ω]

2. A light bulb has a resistance of 90 Ω. What current flows through the bulb when it is connected to 120 V? [1.3 A]

3. A current of 0.50 A flows through a light bulb that has a resistance of 18 Ω. What is the voltage across this light bulb? [9.0 V]

4. A flashlight bulb has a resistance of 4.0 Ω. What current passes through the bulb if it is connected to 3.0 V? [0.75 A]

5. What voltage is necessary to produce a current of 0.60 A in a load that has a resistance of 25 Ω? [15 V]

6. The current through a load in a circuit is 2.5 A. If the potential difference across the load is 75 V, what is the resistance of the load? [30 Ω]

7. (a) An 80 V potential difference is measured across a light bulb that has a resistance of 16 Ω. What is the current through this light bulb? [5.0 A]

(b) If the light bulb was replaced by a bulb with twice the resistance, what would be the new current through the bulb? [2.5 A]

8. A 25 mA current flows through a 300 Ω lamp. What is the voltage across the lamp? [7.5 V]9. What is the current flowing through a 5 ohm resistance when it is cone ted to a source of 10

volts? [2 A] 10. What is the size of the resistance that allows a current of 2.5 amperes to flow through when it

is connected to a source of 100 volts? [40 Ω] 11. What is the voltage that will push eight amperes of current through a resistance of twenty

ohms? [160 V]12. What is the current flow, in amperes, when a five ohm resistance is connected to a source of

one hundred volts? [20 A]13. Calculate the resistance that allows a current of 134 milliamperes to flow when it is connected

to a source of 220 volts. [1642 Ω]14. What is the voltage that will push a current of .068 amperes through a resistance of 47 kilo-

ohms? [3196 V]15. If a 1.2 ohm resistance is connected to a source of 25 volts, what will the current flow be?

[20.8 A]16. A 220 ohm resistance is connected to a voltage source. The measured current flow is 2.3

milliamperes. What is the voltage? [.506 V]17. A 12 volt car battery is connected to a resistance of 0.8 ohms. What is the current flow? [150

A]18. A truck battery of 12 volts is used to start a truck engine. The current drawn was 400

amperes. What was the resistance of the starting motor? [0.03 Ω]19. A certain lamp is connected to a source of 115 volts. The current was measured to be 0.7

amperes. What was the resistance of the lamp? [164 Ω]20. A lightbulb requires a current of 0.50 A to operate at full brightness, and its filament has 240 Ω

of resistance. How much voltage needs to be applied to this light bulb? [120 V]23

V. SERIES and PARALLEL CIRCUITS

Using the BC Science 9 text and/or the internet, complete the following set of notes

1. SERIES CIRCUITS NOTES

Only one_____________ for the e- to flow.

Any e- in a series circuit must travel through ___________________________________of that pathway

Current measured anywhere in the series circuit will be ________________________ because there are no alternative routes for the e- to travel

The sum of the __________________ lost on the loads equals the total voltage supplied by the battery

When e- leave the ____________________ terminal of the battery they have a given amount of _________________

When these e- return to the ___________________________________, they must have ___________ all their electrical energy

Each __________ uses a portion of the __________________ supplied by the source

Adding __________________ means that each e- must now pass through that __________________ and therefore the total __________________ of the circuit__________________

ADDITIONAL NOTES:

24

SERIES CIRCUIT BASIC RULES Read the online document about series circuit and their basic rules:

1. The __________________ current flows through each part of a series circuit. Make a drawing illustrating this rule:

2. The total resistance of a series circuit is equal to __________________ of individual resistances

RT =

3. Voltage applied to a series circuit is equal to the __________________ of the individual voltage drops.

Example:Calculate the voltage drop across each resistor:

The battery is supplying 9 volts to the circuit of three resistors. The resistors have values of 50 Ω, 300 Ω and 100 Ω According to the previous rules we figure out the total resistance: RT = Next we calculate the amperage in the circuit: I = V/RT = We can calculate what the voltage drops across each resistor is using Ohm's Law: V1 = IxR V2 = V3 = VT =

4. The voltage drop across a resistor in a series circuit is directly proportional to the __________________ the resistor.

5. If the circuit is broken at any point______________________________________________. Example:

25

WORKSHEET: SERIES CIRCUITSCircle the best term in the parentheses to correctly complete each statement.

1. A series circuit has (more than one, only one) path for current to travel.

2. In a series circuit, the current at one location in the circuit is (equal to, different from) the current at another location in the circuit.

3. If two different resistors are connected in series, the voltage across one resistor will be (equal to, different from) the voltage across the second resistor.

4. By adding a resistor in series with an original resistor, the total resistance of the circuit (increases, decreases).

5. The sum of the voltages across each of the resistors in a series circuit is (equal to, different from) the voltage supplied by the battery.

Find the unknown voltage at V, and current at A, in each of the following circuits.

6. Voltage = _________

Current = _________

7. Voltage = _________

Current = _________

8. (a) What is the total resistance in the circuit?

(b) What is the amount of current flowing through Resistor 2?

(c) Using Ohm’s Law, determine the voltage drop across Resistor 2.

9. (a) What is the total voltage in the circuit?

(b) What is the amount of current flowing through Resistor 2?

(c) Use Ohm’s law to determine the resistance of Resistor 3.

26

2. PARALLEL CIRCUITS NOTES

Using the BC Science 9 text and/or the internet, complete the following set of notes

A parallel circuit is one that has ___________or more paths for the electricity to flow, the loads are ________________ to each other.

It's like a river that has been divided up into smaller streams, however, all the streams come back to the _________point to form the river once again.

If the loads in the circuit were light bulbs and one blew out, there is still _____________________ flowing to the others because they are still in a direct path from the negative to positive terminals of the battery.

The parallel circuit has very different characteristics than a series circuit. The total resistance of a Parallel Circuit is NOT equal to the sum of the resistors (like in a series circuit). The total resistance in a parallel circuit is always less than any of the branch resistances. Adding more parallel resistances to the paths causes the total resistance in the circuit to decrease. As you add more and more branches to the circuit the total current will increase because Ohm's Law states that the lower the resistance, the higher the current.

PARALLEL CIRCUIT BASIC RULES Read the online document about parallel circuit and their basic rules:

1. A parallel circuit has two or more ____________ for _______________ to flow through.

2. ________________ is the same across each component of the parallel circuit.Make a drawing illustrating this rule:

3. The sum of the ______________________ through each path is equal to the total current that flows from the _______________.IT =

4. You can find total resistance in a Parallel circuit with the following formula:1/RT =

5. If one of the parallel paths is broken, current will _______________________ to flow in all the other paths.

WORKSHEET: PARALLEL CIRCUITS

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Circle the best term in the parentheses to correctly complete each statement.

1. A parallel circuit has (only one, more than one) path for current to travel.

2. Two different resistors are connected in parallel. The current through one of the resistors will be (equal to, different from) the current through the other resistor.

3. If two different resistors are connected in parallel, the voltage across one resistor will be (equal to, different from) the voltage across the second resistor.

4. By adding a resistor in parallel with an original resistor, the total resistance of the circuit (increases, decreases).

5. The total current entering the junction of a parallel circuit must be (equal to, different from) the sum of the currents through each branch of the parallel circuit.

Find the unknown voltage at V, and current at A, in each of the following circuits.

6. Voltage = _________

Current = _________

7. Voltage = _________

Current = _________

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ONLINE SIMULATION: RESISTORS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

(Using CCK simulation)

I. Series Circuit

Construct the circuit figure 1 using The Circuit Construction Kit (CCK) simulation at the PHeT site. Make the resistors have different value and record the value of each resistor. Use the ammeter moving it to take readings in the different places seen in figure 2. Then use the voltmeter to take voltage readings. Calculate R using Ohm’s Law (V=IR) for the total resistance in last column.

Figure 2

Figure 1

Resistor Voltage (V) Current (A) Resistance ()123Total VT reading AT reading RT=VT/IT

a. What is the relationship between the total resistance and the individual resistances?

b. What is the relationship between the total current and the individual currents?

c. What is the relationship between the total voltage and the individual voltages?

b. Write a small paragraph explaining what you think is happening in series circuits to cause the above relationships to occur.

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A

V

VT

A1

A

A2

VV

II. Parallel Circuits

Wire the circuit in figure 1 with the same value resistors that you used in Part 1. Take readings in different places shown in figure 2 by moving the meters. Calculating total resistance using Ohm’s Law (V=IR) for the last column.

Figure 2Figure 1

Resistor Voltage (V) Current (A) Resistance ()123Total VT reading AT reading RT=VT/IT

a. What is the relationship between the total resistance and the individual resistances?

b. Look up the mathematical relationship for finding total resistance in a parallel circuit. Show that your data fits the equation.

c. What is the relationship between the total current and the individual currents?

d. What is the relationship between the total voltage and the individual voltages?

d. Summarize the similarities and differences between the series and parallel circuits. Include your reasoning about what you think is happening.

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A

A

A

A

R

R

V

A2

A3

VT

V

V

R

WORKSHEET: SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITSDraw a diagram of each of the following circuits in the spaces provided.

Description Diagram

 8. A series circuit consisting of: 12 V electrical source open switch two light bulbs 10 resistor

 

 9. A parallel circuit consisting of: 9.0 V electrical source open switch three 5.0 resistors

  

 10. A circuit consisting of: three 1.5 V cells connected in parallel open switch two light bulbs connected in series two 15 resistors connected in

parallel

  

11. Describe what will happen in the circuit shown above if…(a) the switch is closed ___________________________________________________________(b) the switch is closed and the first bulb is removed __________________________________(c) the switch is closed and the fifth bulb is removed __________________________________

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12. Calculate the missing quantities for the circuit below.

13. Calculate the missing quantities for the circuit below.

14.

Series Circuit Parallel Circuit

The bulbs are _____________(brighter, dimmer)

The bulbs are_____________(brighter, dimmer)

(more, less) _______________voltage across each bulb

(more, less) _____________voltage across each bulb

(more,less)____________________current passes through each bulb

(more,less)____________current passes through each bulb

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COMPARING SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

SERIES PARALLEL

NUMBER OF PATHWAYs FOR THE ELECTRONS

SIMPLE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (one source, three bulbs)

BATTERY LIFE

CURRENT THROUGH CIRCUIT

VOLTAGE THROUGH CIRCUIT

EFFECT OF BREAKS IN THE CIRCUIT

JUNCTION POINTS/NODES

FAVORITE ANALOGY

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ELECTRICITY REVIEW1. Complete this concept map about the characteristics of electricity.

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2. List the ‘similarities’ and ‘differences between series and parallel circuitsSeries Parallel

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