el basurero- garbage container el derrumbe- landslide el efecto invernado- greenhouse effect la...
TRANSCRIPT
El basurero- garbage container El derrumbe- landslide El efecto invernado- greenhouse effect La inundacion- flood El medio ambiente- environment El riesgo- risk La sequia- drought El suelo- ground
El temblor- earthquake Danar- to harm desarrollo- development Mejorar- to improve Amenazar- to threaten El porvenir- future Volar- to fly
The Future Tense
The future tense is used to show an event occurring in the future.
In order to conjugate a Spanish verb in the future tense, add respective future endings to the infinitive form.
Future Endings (universal for all verbs): -emos
Irregular Future Stems
Stem changes must be applied to irregular verbs in the future tense.
Irregular Future Stems:
Infinitive
Stem Infinitive
Stem Infinitive
Stem
Haber Habr- Poner Pondr- Decir Dir-
Poder Podr- Salir Saldr- Hacer Har-
Querer Querr- Tener Tendr-
Saber Sabr- Venir Vendr-
Irregular Future Stems, continued
Examples of irregular future verbs are as follows: Yo pondr el taco en la cocina. (I will put the taco in
the kitchen.) Ella sabr muchas cosas sobre la fiesta. (She will know
many things about the party.) Nosotros haremos muchas cosas para prepara por el
examen. (We will do many things to prepare for the exam).
Uses of Por
Por is a preposition that means “for”. It has distinct uses from its similar preposition para which also means “for”.
Uses of Por are as follows:Passing throughGeneral LocationDurationCauseExchangeSubstitution, doing something in place ofA means
Examples of Por Usage
Ella pasa por el bosque en su viaje. (She passes through the forest in her trip)
¿Puedes manejar el carro por mi? (Can you drive the car for me?)
Regresamos por el tren. ( We return by the train.) Cantamos en el coro por una semana. (We are
singing in the choir for one week.)
Uses of Para
Para is a preposition meaning “for”. It has uses distinct from its twin, por.
Uses of Para are as follows:Recipient, for whomDestinationPurposeOpinionComparison and contrastDeadline
Questions
1. Translate the following sentence: Maria y Juan apreciarn la biodiversidad.
2. Nosotromos pasamos _____la alta mar en nuestro viaje.
3. Desarrollar el invento _____ ayudar otras personas. 4. Translate the following sentence: You will be able to
stop the greenhouse effect. 5. El smog _______ en el noche. (to leave, future tense)
Answers
1. Maria and Juan will appreciate biodiversity.2. Por3. Para4. Usted podr parar el efecto invernadero. 5. saldr
Central America
Climate: Cold in the mountain tops but hot and humid at the mountain bottoms
Languages: garífuna, xinca, mam, kaquchiquel, akateco, quiché
Food: pupusas, tomales, gallo pinto, tortillas, ceviche
Indigenous Artisans: › used a combination of many colors in the clothes they made› in the market you can find Mayan and indigenous clothes
Archeology:› Architecture of Central America is preferred by people all around the world› Discovered many ruins, sites, and artifacts in Mayan Civilizations › New Mayan palace discovered in 2000
Cities full of life:› Modern structures form part of Central America› Capital city of Panama has large buildings› Panama is now the center of industrial activity and culture. Also contains
important ports.
Country CapitalGuatemala GuatemalaEl Salvador San SalvadorHonduras TegucigalpaNicaradua ManaguaCosta Rica San JoséPanamá Panamá
Lake Nicaragua:› Largest lake in Central America› Transformed from salt water to fresh water› contains sharks (tiburones)
Endagered Species:› A lot of flora and fauna› deforestation and contamination causes problems› Turtles (tortugas) are endangered because the algae
population increased and contaminated the lake› Jaguars (also endagered) eat turtles and a lot of deer
About the Author Carlos Balaguer:› Born in San Salvador in El Salvador› Describes his fascination of nature which is shown in most of his
works› wrote for the newspaper El Diario de Hoy
Three Stages of life:› Niño: eat candies, play, and hunt butterflies› Juventud: show interest in nature and become hopeful and enchanted. › Anciano: Contemplate their emotional struggles and nature. Best time
of their life is the peace of nature and sense of eternity and greatness. › Stages of life similar to a tree: every stage has some type of splendor
Encargarse de- to take charge of Invertir- to invest Novedoso- novel La patente- patent Advertir-to warn Cometer- to make a mistake Luchar- to struggle Seguir adelante- to continue on
Superar- to overcome El fracaso- failure La mejora- improvement El sufrimiento- suffering Por un lado…- on one hand… Por el otro lado…- on the other hand
Present Subjunctive (Regular Vbs.)
Not sure if event will happenFormed same way as majority of commands
Trick: 1. Present tense “yo” form2. Delete the “o” (hablo=habl)3. -AR verbs -e / -ER & -IR -a
Some Special VerbsThey need spell changes so you can still
pronounce them correctly!Criticar= critque
Investigar =investiguePenalizar = penalice
Proteger= protejaEntinguir= extinga
Present Subjunctive (Irregular Vbs.)Know these verb conjugations:
Dar, Estar, Ir, Saber, Ser (pg. 199)*haber haya
Rules:-AR,-ER,-IR (e ie)-IR verbs nosotros form (e i OR o u)*e i (same stem change in all forms)
Practice Questions
What is the correct form of the verb in the sentence?
1. Es importante que todos nosotros (respetar) los adultos.2. Es una buena idea que yo (conseguir) una pelota.3. Es importante que los estudiantes (escribir) la
informacion.4. No es bueno que yo (encargarse) todo.5. Es imprescindible que (cerrar) la tienda.
Panama Canal:› Connects Atlantic and Pacific Ocean› Excavated enough dirt from the canal to build a replica of the Great Wall of
China to be built from San Francisco to New York› Panama was once a small country and little known but it's now the center
of merchandise traffic › Chinese and locals participated in the construction, Chinese were the
minority Indigenous Art:
› Jose Antonio Velásquez was born in Honduras› Painted primitive paintings and paintings with kids in it› Paintings described as native or primitive (ingenuo o primitivista)› Paintings were detailed oriented (minucioso)
About Mayan Civilization: Mayan civilization existed from 2600 a.C. to 1511 d.C. in
Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Belice, and in parts of Mexico
These civilizations were very advanced Contributions include the calendar and hieroglyphics About the legends: The Mayans had a lot of respect for the environment and
everything in it: birds (los pájaros), reptiles (los reptiles), insects (los insectos) and plants (ls plantas)
La tristez del Maya is a legend about the love for nature
Questions
What are José Velásquez's paintings described as? What is a nightingale called in Spanish? Where, specifically, did Mayan civilizations exist? What are the three stages of life What oceans did the Panama canal connect?