enlightenment influenced politics - natural rights (religious tolerance, freedom of speech, press,...
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17.3. THE IMPACT OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT
BIG IDEA: EUROPEAN RULERS WERE GUIDED BY SELF-INTEREST
ENLIGHTENMENT & ABSOLUTISM
Enlightenment influenced politics - natural rights (religious tolerance, freedom of speech, press, etc.)
Needed enlighten rulers to protect natural rights rule by enlightened principles & try
to keep royal powers. Examples to follow
EX: 1 -PRUSSIA: ARMY & BUREAUCRACY
Frederick William I Efficient gov bureaucracy 4th largest European army .
Frederick II / Frederick the Great, Most educated /cultured monarch of the
time. dedicated ruler. Enlightenment Reforms
abolished torture except in treason & murder.
limited freedom of speech & press.
EX:2 -CATHERINE THE GREAT
Favored some Enlightenment Ideals Considered equality of
all before law. Didn’t reform much
needed nobilities support.
Expanded Russian territory
EX: 3- AUSTRIAN EMPIRE
many nationalities-hard to control Maria Theresa
Focus Centralizing & strengthen state. Joseph II
reforms-many failed Abolished serfdom Eliminated death penalty. Equality before law Religious toleration
Angered Catholic Church Freed serfs
Angered nobles-no support serfs unhappy-didn’t understand changes.
BUILD UP TO SEVEN YEARS WAR War of Austrian Succession
Maria Theresa succeeds to Austrian throne Frederick II (Prussia) didn’t recognize her rule –invades
Silesia. Ally -France Maria ally -Britain
(Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle)- Austria regained land (not Silesia) -Angered Maria
Starts 7yrs War –fought in …… Europe- Austria, France & Russian Vs. Britain & Prussia India- Britain & France (Brits win India )- North American (French & Indian War) British & French
Brits win –Ohio River Valley (French) & Florida (Spanish)
Treaty of Paris 1763 ends fighting
SECTION 3 REVIEW
France gave Louisiana to Spain, Spanish Florida came under British control, and Canada became British. These were all outcomes of what in North America?
Seven Years’ War
SECTION 3 REVIEW Diplomatic revolution of 1756 led to
what? A worldwide war Ruler of Russia from 1762-1796 Catherine II Catherine the Great of Russia favored
the landed nobility, expanded serfdom, enlarged what?
The Russian Empire Fredrick the Great of Prussia enlarged
what? The army
SECTION 3 REVIEW Traditional Austrian empress Maria Theresa In the war of the Austrian Succession,
Prussia invaded where? Austrian Silesia The concern of the 18th century
monarchs for balance of power basically involved the desire
to prevent what by one state? domination
SECTION 3 REVIEW
Monarchical rule by Enlightenment principles
Enlightened absolutism