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ACANTHACEAE

Duvernoia aconitiflora A.MeeuseStatus: EN B1B2cD2Threats: Urban expansionDistribution: Ingwavuma Gorge (Lebombo District)Could be in forest or grassland. The closest locality toSwaziland is in the southern highveld in South Africa,some 100 km away. High human population growth inthe area constitutes a threat.

ALOACEAE

Aloe albida StapfStatus: EN B1B2cdeEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Malolotja, Piggs PeakTips into Swaziland from the Barberton area in SouthAfrica. Barberton is the type locality. Apparently onlyone locality outside Swaziland.

Aloe chortolirioides A.Berger var. chortolirioidesAloe chortolirioides-A.Berger var. boastii (Letty) Reynolds

Status: EN B1B2abC2aDistribution: Bulembu area, Barberton Mountains,Malolotja, Hawane Waterfall, Piggs Peak (gold mine)On rocky open outcops. Is a fire-dependent species. Waslisted as Rare for Swaziland in previous RDLs. The redform is found in the Bulemba area. Common betweenBulemba (Swaziland) and Barberton Mountains (SouthAfrica). Generally known from Limpopo Province andMpumalanga in South Africa.

Aloe dewetii ReynoldsStatus: EN A1acdThreats: CollectionDistribution: Hlatikulu (Grand Valley)Listed by WCMC’s RDL as Vulnerable for Swaziland andpreviously Rare. Previously found in the Hlatikulu(1970s), but could not be found there recently. Is aspotted-leaf aloe eaten by people. Threatened by a highpopulation density.

Aloe ecklonis Salm-DyckAloe kraussii-Baker; Aloe boylei Baker

Status: VU B1B2cD2Distribution: Malolotja area, Forbes Reef, betweenMotjane and OshoekTips into Swaziland. Mainly a South African distribu-tion. Very common and widespread in South Africa.

Aloe kniphofioides BakerStatus: VU A2cB1B2cThreats: Collection, harvesting, grazing, fire, urbanexpansionDistribution: Malolotja, Forbes Reef, Nyonyane SisaRanch, Bulembu, Mbabane, MankayaneGrass aloe. Common in Malalotja. Not protected inForbes Reef. Used in Nyonyane Sisa. Medicinal usage,cattle and resettlement are further threats. Widespreadin South Africa.

Aloe minima Baker var. minimaAloe minima-Baker var. blyderivierensis (Groenew.) Reynolds;

Aloe parviflora Baker

Status: VU A1cB1B2bD1Endemism: Near-endemic?Threats: Road networkDistribution: Forbes Reef, Malolotja, Ngwenya,MotjaneScattered. Very small and inconspicuous. In previousRDLs, considered Rare in Swaziland. Very common inSouth Africa (Limpopo Province and Mpumalanga).

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Cyrtanthus nutans R.A.DyerStatus: EN A1cThreats: DammingDistribution: Komati Bridge, Magwya Farm area,between Piggs Peak and Mbabane

Haemanthus pauculifolius Snijman & A.E.van WykStatus: VU C2bD2Endemism: Near-endemicThreats: Damming, grazingDistribution: MagugaFound along the Komati River. Recently discovered inSwaziland from only one locality. In South Africa, it isknown from only a few localities in fairly closeproximity to the Swaziland border.

ANACARDIACEAE

Lannea antiscorbutica (Hiern) Engl.Status: EN DB1B2aC2bEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Umbeluzi Gorge (Mlawula)Previously only known from a single locality in SouthAfrica near the Swaziland-Mozambique border.

APOCYNACEAE

Adenium multiflorum KlotzschStatus: EN A2cdB1B2abcC1Threats: AgricultureDistribution: Near Tambuthi, Big BendVery restricted in Swaziland. One large scatteredsubpopulation. Sugarcane farming and lower Usuthudevelopment are threats. Well represented outsideSwaziland. The species nomenclature is not alwaysrecognised or in use in other countries.

Adenium swazicum StapfStatus: EN A1acdB1B2abcdEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: Agriculture, damming, collection, alien plantinfestation, habitat degradationDistribution: West of Lebombo, Big Bend area andnorthwardsThorny thicket on brackish plains. This succulent isprotected by legislation. Its habitat is also veryfragmented. Distribution mainly from north ofKomatipoort in South Africa to Big Bend in Swaziland.The main threat is urban development.

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Asclepias eminens (Harv.) Schltr.Status: VU B1B2cD2Threats: Grazing, soil erosion, fireDistribution: Mpisi, Malkerns, St. Josephs, Hlatikulu,ManziniA widely scattered but uncommon species. In Zimbabweit is a distinct ecotype. Edible plant.

Brachystelma coddii R.A.DyerStatus: EN B1B2cC2aDDistribution: Malolotja, Bomvu Ridge, Mbabane, PiggsPeakThree records in Swaziland, including from a protectedarea, by Compton, Braun and Kemp.

Brachystelma swazicum R.A.DyerStatus: EX?Endemism: Near-endemic?Distribution: Rocky hills northeast of Mbabane,(Malandzela Area, on the road to Maphalaleni)

Known from two records in Swaziland by Compton andKemp in Mbabane.

Ceropegia cimiciodora Oberm.Status: EN B1B2cThreats: GrazingDistribution: Ingwavuma PoortRestricted distribution. In a previous RDL, it isconsidered Endangered in South Africa’s formerTransvaal. Found in a restricted area. Grazing by cattleis a threat.

Orbeopsis gerstneri (Letty) L.C.Leach subsp.gerstneriStatus: EN B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: Habitat degradation, grazingDistribution: Ingwavuma PoortOne subpopulation said to be in Swaziland, but furthertaxonomic scrutiny is required. Partial habitat declineinduced by cattle grazing is a threat.

Pachycarpus stelliceps N.E.Br.Status: EXEndemism: EndemicDistribution: MbabaneOnly known from the type collection made nearMbabane. Reported to be extinct.

ASPHODELACEAE

Kniphofia tysonii Baker subsp. lebomboensis CoddStatus: CR A2B1B2bceC1C2bEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: Collection, alien plant infestation, roadnetworkDistribution: Lebombo (South of Stegi)Grew in a pan, but a road has been developed near thelocality. High density area. Used for its medicinalproperties. Reported to occur in South Africa.

Kniphofia umbrina CoddStatus: CR B1B2ceEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: Habitat degradationDistribution: Mbabane, Forbes Reef, HwaneConfined to small area near Mbabane. Only eight verysmall subpopulations are known. It is highlyfragmented and declining due to habitat destruction.

ASTERACEAE

Aster pseudobakeranus LippertStatus: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: Poliniane River, Ukuthula (MbabaneDivision), Verdun (Hlatikulu Division)Restricted distribution.

Helichrysum milleri HilliardStatus: VU D2Endemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Barberton MountainsOn forest margins in grassland. Known mainly from theBarberton mountains in South Africa.

CANELLACEAE

Warburgia salutaris (Bertol.f.) Chiov.Status: CR A1bcdThreats: CollectionDistribution: Malolotja, possibly in Lomati ValleyOnly six trees observed outside protected areas inSwaziland (as reported by conservation authorities inSwaziland). Very few individuals in protected areas, butthese are regenerating and are currently not being utilised.

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CAPPARACEAE

Bachmannia woodii (Oliv.) GilgStatus: CR B1B2cC2aDistribution: JilobiOnly one record for this species in Swaziland.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Dianthus mooiensis F.N.Williams subsp. kirkii(Burtt Davy) HooperStatus: VU C1C2aThreats: CollectionDistribution: Malolotja, Piggs Peak, Usuthu, MagugaDamIn South Africa, found in the Magaliesberg andWitwatersrand (possibly declining over much of itsrange). Has horticultural potential. In Swaziland, it isused to make the royal soap for the King. TheSwaziland subpopulations are scattered and locally rare.Utilisation is a serious threat.

CRASSULACEAE

Crassula vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. minutaEckl. & Zeyh.Status: CR A1cB1B2abEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: Urban expansion, habitat degradationDistribution: North of Mbabane (possibly Nkwalinilandfill site)Found on rocky granite hills. Could be extirpated in thenext five to ten years. Landfill site is a serious threat tolocality, seriously threatened. The species is known onlyfrom this site in Swaziland.

ERICACEAE

Erica swaziensis E.G.H.Oliv.Status: EN B1B2aDEndemism: EndemicDistribution: Mbabane, Forbes Reef, Black UmbeluziValleyHas a very localised distribution around Mbabane.Wetland species.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Euphorbia keithii R.A.DyerStatus: CR B1B2ceC2aEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: Agriculture, urban expansion, habitatdegradation, forestry exploitation, harvesting, alienplant infestationDistribution: Stegi, Usuthu Gorge (?), Sitsatsaweni(northeast of Siteki), Oribi Ranch, MlawulaSpecies protected under CITES. Habitat specific, habitatdecline. Species prefers hot, dry, exposed areas.Restricted to the Lebombo Mountains.

Heywoodia lucens SimStatus: EN B1B2cC2aDDistribution: Jilobi, SitekiRecorded in Swaziland by Kemp and Miller.

GESNERIACEAE

Streptocarpus confusus Hilliard subsp. confususvar. confususStatus: EN A1cB1B2bcEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: GrazingDistribution: HlatikuluRestricted global distribution. Cattle is a threat.

Streptocarpus daviesii N.E.Br. ex C.B.ClarkeStatus: EN B1B2bEndemism: Near-endemic

Threats: Urban expansion, habitat degradationDistribution: Mbabane hillsRestricted global distribution. Known only from a singlelocality in Swaziland.

Streptocarpus davyi S.MooreStatus: VU B1B2bD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Urban expansion, habitat degradationDistribution: 40 km around Mbabane (hills), nearMankaiana, Forbes Reef, Makhosini Hills, MakhayaOn peaty soil on granite outcrops and is fragmented.Known from a number of localities but it is notwidespread. Habitat specific in shade and soil. It isuncommon.

Streptocarpus wilmsii Engl.Status: VU B1B2cEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: Urban expansionDistribution: Devils Bridge, Kings Forest, Mbabane,Hilltop, Ukuthula

HYACINTHACEAE

Bowiea volubilis Harv. ex Hook.f.Status: EN A1dThreats: CollectionBeing severely depleted in Swaziland. Many extinctlocalities. Used for treating fractures (medicinal). Verycommon on market places. Known from outsideSwaziland. Also heavily utilised in South Africa.

IRIDACEAE

Dierama elatum N.E.Br.Status: EXKnown only from the type collection of 1910 (Stewart10 K & SAM). Material inadequate, and it may possiblybe a hybrid or an albino form (taxonomy uncertain).

Gladiolus brachyphyllus F.BolusStatus: VU A2cThreats: Urban expansionDistribution: Umbeluzi and Umlola Reserves, MlawulaSeveral subpopulations found in the Kruger NationalPark (South Africa); recorded from Limpopo Provinceand Mpumalanga (South Africa). Only single plantshave been found in Swaziland. Very seldomly seen.

LAMIACEAE

Hemizygia stalmansii PatonStatus: VU D2Endemism: Near-endemicThreats: AfforestationDistribution: Luhumannei SchoolRecently described species known only from Songimvelo(South Africa) and Swaziland (Malalotja). Occurs onBarberton Belt and known from different soil types,including serpentine soils. Few localities are known andit has a restricted global distribution.

Syncolostemon comptonii CoddStatus: CR A1cB1B2aEndemism: EndemicThreats: DammingDistribution: Malolotja, MagugaThreatened by construction of a new dam at Maguga.The species is known from only a single locality.

MORACEAE

Ficus polita Vahl subsp. politaStatus: VU D2Distribution: Mlawula (Umbeluzi Gorge,Mahlabashane), Jilobi

Ficus sansibarica Warb.Status: CR B1B2cC2aDistribution: Sihoya

ORCHIDACEAE

Cheirostylis gymnochiloides (Ridl.) Rchb.f.Status: CR B1B2cC2bThreats: MiningDistribution: Bomvu Ridge (Ngwenya Mountain—Malolotja)Appears to be extremely rare everywhere. There isapparently only a single collection from Swaziland. Alsoknown from dune forest in South Africa, and as farafield as Tanzania and Madagascar. Flowers from Augustto September. Iron ore mining is a threat in Swaziland.

Disa intermedia H.P.LinderStatus: EN B1B2cC2aEndemism: EndemicThreats: Habitat degradationDistribution: Forbes Reef, near Mbabane, Malolotja,near OshoekGrows at an altitude of 1,000 m. Was considered to becommon at one time, but due to continued habitatdestruction, it is rapidly declining. Flowers in January.Found in highveld grassland.

Eulophia chlorantha Schltr.Status: EN B1B2cC2aEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Mbabane, Waverley Mine, FonteynRestricted distribution.

PROTEACEAE

Protea comptonii BeardStatus: EN B1B2cDEndemism: Near-endemic?Distribution: Bulembu, MalolotjaOne outlying subpopulation in KwaZulu-Natal (SouthAfrica), although more common in northern andnortheastern parts of South Africa.

Protea parvula BeardStatus: VU B1B2cC2aDistribution: Timbuti Farm, Hawane, MalolotjaCommon in the former Transvaal of South Africa.

ROSACEAE

Prunus africana (Hook.f.) KalkmanStatus: EN C2aDDistribution: Near Malolotja (Forbes Reef), near and inMbabaneAlso known from South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal) andfurther afield. Is widely utilised for its medicinalpurposes.

RUBIACEAE

Gardenia thunbergia L.f.Status: CR C2bThreats: DeforestationDistribution: Jilobi Forest (Lebombo)This species is very well represented outside Swaziland,common in coastal areas from as far afield as theEastern Cape in South Africa. Only a few individualsseen. Known from a small subpopulation.

Oxyanthus pyriformis (Hochst.) Skeels subsp.pyriformisOxyanthus natalensis-Sond.

Status: EN B1B2cDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Jilobi (Lebombo), Carmichael’s FarmThe species is at the end of its distribution range inSwaziland, better known from KwaZulu-Natal (SouthAfrica). The two known localities in Swaziland are quitea distance apart. Dune forest.

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SAPINDACEAE

Allophylus chaunostachys GilgStatus: VU B1B2cEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: Urban expansionDistribution: MakwongwaFound at altitude 1,730 m. Reported to be common.Human impact near border post is a threat.

SAPOTACEAE

Vitellariopsis dispar (N.E.Br.) Aubrév.Status: EN B1B2cDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Mlawula, SitekiRestricted. Only one locality outside Swaziland. Moistforest.

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Melanospermum italae HilliardStatus: EN B1B2cC2aEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Malolotja (Ngwenya Hills), MotjaneOn sandy places around rock sheets. In South Africa, itis known from the Piet Retief area and Itala.

Melanospermum swazicum HilliardStatus: EN B1B2aC2aEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: Fire, grazing, habitat degradationDistribution: Mbabane, Malolotja, possibly Ngome,SiphocosiniGrows on hills. Subpopulation at Ngome may be adifferent species. Only one locality known outsideSwaziland.

Selago swaziensis RolfeStatus: EN B1B2acC2aEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: Urban expansion, fireDistribution: Hills near Dalriach (Mbabane), UsuthuForest, Miller’s Falls, Makhosini Hills, UkuthulaKnown only from a single, highly threatened locality.

ULMACEAE

Celtis gomphophylla BakerStatus: EN D B1 B2c C2aDistribution: Jilobi, Carmichael’s Farm, Muti MutiMore common than Celtis mildbraedii. Only in SouthAfrica according to PRECIS.

Celtis mildbraedii Engl.Status: CR B1B2cC2aDistribution: Mlawula, Jilobi (east of Siteki), ForbesReefVery rare in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal and elsewhere.Known from a few small forest patches in Swaziland.

VELLOZIACEAE

Xerophyta villosa (Baker) L.B.Sm. & AyensuStatus: VU D2Distribution: Luhumannei School (Malolotja)Found on serpentine soils in Swaziland.

ZAMIACEAE

Encephalartos aplanatus VorsterStatus: EN A1acdB2abcdeDistribution: Mlawula, Goba road just north of Siteki,South of Siteki toward the farm Muti-Muti, previouslyon Muti-MutiThis species is also known from Mozambique. Thisspecies was described from a subpopulation of about sixindividuals near the Swaziland-South Africa border.

Subsequently, several subpopulations have beendiscovered. Threatened by illegal collectors.

Encephalartos heenanii R.A.DyerStatus: CR A1acdC2aThreats: CollectionDistribution: Ngwenya Ridge, MalolotjaIn 1985, 100 plants were counted. In 1999, only 20plants could be located. These plants are known from alocality where no recruitment seems to be taking place.A few years ago, this species was also found in aprotected area in Swaziland but in very small numbers.Also known from South Africa. Threatened by illegalcollectors.

Encephalartos laevifolius Stapf & Burtt DavyStatus: CR A2deB2bDThreats: Pest/diseaseDistribution: MalolotjaIn Swaziland, the effects of a pathogen are evident.Threatened by illegal collectors.

Encephalartos lebomboensis I.Verd.Status: EN A1acdeA2deB1B2abcdeThreats: Harvesting, collectionDistribution: Mangana, Mbuzini, Malto Alto, Lebombo,Stataweni, ManganaAll the localities mentioned are primarily relicts.Subpopulations suffered a measurable decline. In 1981,the subpopulation was observed to be abundant. Almost20 years later, there has been a 25% decline.Threatened by illegal collectors.

Encephalartos ngoyanus I.Verd.Status: CR C2aDIn Swaziland, it is known from a single locality as thedistribution literally tips into Swaziland. The locality isnot threatened, and no people live in that area. Maybecome threatened by illegal collectors.

Encephalartos paucidentatus Stapf & Burtt DavyStatus: VU A1cdC2aD2Distribution: Makonwya, MalolotjaFound in a protected area. The species is found alongthe Swaziland-South African border. Also known fromSouth Africa where it is threatened. Threatened byillegal collectors.

EXTINCT & THREATENED

Encephalartos relictus HurterStatus: EXWEndemism: EndemicDistribution: Malto Alto (10 km west), Muti-Muti farmIt is now known only in cultivation.

Encephalartos senticosus VorsterStatus: VU C2aD2Distribution: Lebombo, Usuthu, Bvane catchmentExtremely inaccessible habitat. The species is foundalong the Lebombo border. Threatened by illegalcollectors.

Encephalartos umbeluziensis R.A.DyerStatus: CR A1acdA2cB1B2abcdeThreats: CollectionDistribution: Umbeluzi Gorge of MlawulaOccurs in the shade of Androstachys johnsonii forest.This species used to be extremely common, but this haschanged. The species has suffered massive decline inthe last 10 years, estimated at more than 80%. It isfound in an extremely accessible area. Threatened byillegal collectors.

ZINGIBERACEAE

Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L.BurttKaempferia aethiopica-(Schweinf.) Benth.; Kaempferia

natalensis (J.M.Wood & Franks) Schltr. & K.Schum.

Status: EN A1dThreats: CollectionDistribution: Malolotja, Balegane, Komati Valley, PiggsPeakGenerally heavily utilised everywhere. Was on theprevious Swaziland RDL as Rare. The Malalotjasubpopulation is well-known and utilised by localherbalists, even though it is located within a protectedarea. There are unconfirmed reports that severalsubpopulations are protected from over-utilisationthrough traditional laws, but this cannot be confirmed.Well-represented outside Swaziland.

Siphonochilus aethiopicus, also occuring in South Africa

and Mozambique, is a well known species that is heavily

utilised in Swaziland. (Photo: NBI)

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ACANTHACEAE

Thunbergia pondoensis LindauStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Mlawula, Komati Bridge

ALOACEAE

Aloe cooperi Baker subsp. pulchra Glen &D.S.HardyStatus: LR-lcThreats: Grazing, alien plant infestation, harvestingDistribution: Lebombo, Nkambeni, Sishaweni ForestCompanyTaxonomically unique and this nomenclature is used inSwaziland. Known from the Lebombo where it is rare. Itis widespread. Eaten by people.

Aloe rupestris BakerStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Umbeluzi Gorge, Mnyame, Libertas,LebomboWas listed previously as Rare for Swaziland.

Aloe vanbalenii PillansStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Mlawula, lower East side of Umbeluziriver, LebomboIn river valleys. Uncommon. Was listed as Rare forSwaziland in previous RDLs. Only in the northernLebombo Mountains.

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Regel var. miniataStatus: LR-ntDistribution: Lebombo, Piggs Peak areaForest species. Well-known from South Africa. Is beingremoved from the wild.

Crinum delagoense I.Verd.Status: LR-lcThreats: AgricultureDistribution: Mlawula, Hlane (Simunye)One subpopulation known. Only in South Africa,according to PRECIS. Sugar cultivation is a threat.

Cyrtanthus bicolor R.A.DyerStatus: LR-lcThreats: CollectionDistribution: Malolotja, Umbeluzi Valley, Mbabane(Umbeluzi Valley), Forbes Reef, Komati River ValleyWas on the previous Swaziland RDL as Rare. Found ingrassland. Eaten as a vegetable.

Nerine angustifolia (Baker) BakerStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Ngwenya Mts, Forbes Reef Road,MalolotjaRecorded in Swaziland by Compton and Braun.

ANACARDIACEAE

Rhus grandidens Harv. ex Engl.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Komati Valley, Ngomini, Mayami,Mankayane, 25 km North of Tulwane siteOn forest margins. Although widespread, it is neverplentiful.

ANNONACEAE

Uvaria lucida Benth. subsp. virens (N.E.Br.)Verdc.

Status: LR-lcDistribution: Lebombo, Mlawula

Xylopia odoratissima Welw. ex Oliv.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Umbelzi Gorge, Mhlumeni Border

ANTHERICACEAE

Chlorophytum haygarthii J.M.Wood & M.S.EvansStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Forbes Reef Road, MalolotjaAt least two records from Swaziland by Compton andHeath. Common in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal(South Africa).

APIACEAE

Alepidea parva ComptonStatus: LR-lcThreats: Collection, miningDistribution: Ngwenya Mountains near Mbabane,MalolotjaReported to be threatened outside Swaziland. Used forits medicinal properties.

APOCYNACEAE

Gonioma kamassi E.Mey.Status: LR-ntDistribution: Mbabane, Msunduza, Foot of LuborIn forest. Common in the eastern and southern Capeforests of South Africa. Probably not used and thereforemaybe not threatened. Single trees. Unusualdistribution, not common in Swaziland. Frequentlyburnt. Very disjunct.

ARALIACEAE

Cussonia nicholsonii StreyStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Mlawula (S), SitekiTwo records, one in a protected area. Known collectionsin Swaziland by Culverwell and Kemp.

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Orbea paradoxa (I.Verd.) L.C.LeachOrbeanthus paradoxa-(I.Verd.) L.C.Leach

Status: LR-ntThreats: MiningDistribution: NgwenyaListed as Endangered in South Africa’s former Transvaalin previous RDLs.

Pachycarpus galpinii (Schltr.) N.E.Br.Status: LR-lcThreats: Agriculture, grazingDistribution: Barberton Mountains, Mbabane, Usuthu,Forbes Reef, MaphalaleniThis is essentially a highveld species. Cattle is a seriousthreat.

Pachycymbium ubomboense (I.Verd.) M.G.GilbertCaralluma ubomboensis-I.Verd.

Status: LR-lcEndemism: Endemic?Distribution: LebomboWas listed previously as Rare for Swaziland. Is commonin the Lebombo Mountains.

ASPHODELACEAE

Bulbine inflata Oberm.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Manzini, Mbabane, Usuthu, Malolotja,Bulembu

Gasteria batesiana G.D.RowleyStatus: LR-ntThreats: CollectionDistribution: Umbeluzi Gorge, MnyamiOn cliffs. Four small disjunct subpopulations inSwaziland. Collected for medicinal and horticulturalpurposes.

Haworthia limifolia Marloth var. ubomboensis(I.Verd.) G.G.Sm.Status: LR-ntEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: CollectionDistribution: Siteki, Umbeluzi Gorge, MnyameIn forests. Limited in distribution. Not uncommon.Known from two subpopulations in Swaziland, butrestricted to the Lebombo. Known only from Ironwoodforests. Collected for medicinal and horticulturalpurposes. Also reported from the Lebombo in SouthAfrica and Mozambique.

ASTERACEAE

Eumorphia swaziensis ComptonStatus: LR-ntEndemism: Endemic?Threats: Urban expansionDistribution: Mbabane District, Black Umbeluzi ValleyVery restricted and suggested that it could bethreatened. Several hundred individuals. On the edge ofan urban/semi-urban environment. Should bemonitored. Possibly also occurs in South Africa.

Newtonia hildebrandtii (Vatke) TorreStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Mlawula, Manzimnyama (Nyame),Umbeluzi Gorge, Black Mbeluzi RiverRecorded in Swaziland by Culverwell.

Senecio mlilwanensis ComptonStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: Mbeluzi Valley, Millers Falls, Mbabaneand Mlilwane, Mantenga?Rocky outcrops. In Swaziland, mostly prevalent onprivate land. Also found at Mantenga where it ispartially protected.

BEGONIACEAE

Begonia sonderana Irmsch.Status: LR-lc

CAPPARACEAE

Cleome macrophylla (Klotzsch) Briq. var.macrophyllaStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Mlawula (Lebombo), Mbeluzi Gorge

COMMELINACEAE

Aneilema dregeanum KunthStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Ingwavuma Poort, Mtindekwa, MlawulaThree localities identifed in Swaziland from collections

LOWER RISK

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by Compton and Braun. Also known from South Africa,and reported also to occur in Zimbabwe.

CRASSULACEAE

Cotyledon orbiculata L. var. oblonga (Haw.) DC.Status: LR-lcDistribution: MlawulaA widespread and common species (well representedoutside Swaziland). The Swaziland specimen may be amisidentification (taxonomic problem). If this is a goodidentification, then the species has a very restricteddistribution.

Crassula acinaciformis SchinzStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Ukuthula, Hlatikhulu, Komati Bridge,Mlawula, Maguga, Siteki, Umbeluzi GorgeOne protected locality.

Crassula orbicularis L.Status: LR-lcOnly one record for Swaziland by Kemp.

CYATHEACEAE

Cyathea capensis (L.f.) Sm.Status: LR-lcLimited habitat. Very well represented outsideSwaziland.

DIPSACACEAE

Cephalaria petiolata ComptonCephalaria pungens-Szabo

Status: LR-lcDistribution: Malolotja, Forbes Reef RoadOne of the four records in a protected area. Thesynonym is not used in Swaziland. It is commonoutside Swaziland.

EBENACEAE

Diospyros galpinii (Hiern) De WinterStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Mankayane, Maphalaleni, Miller,MantengaHighveld grassland species.

ERICACEAE

Erica cerinthoides L. var. barbertona (Galpin)BolusStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Malolotja, Waverley Mine,mHangamphepha Valley, Piggs PeakTwo records in Malolotja by Compton and Braun.

Erica oatesii Rolfe var. latifolia BolusStatus: LR-ntEndemism: Near-endemic?Distribution: Usuthu, on the road to HlatikuluLimited distribution. Said to be rare. Possibly ataxonomic problem.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Croton madandensis S.MooreStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Mlawula, Lebombo MountainsShrub or tree.

Drypetes mossambicensis Hutch.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Umbeluzi Gorge (Mlawula)Known only from a southern locality in Swaziland whichis relatively safe. Known to occur outside Swaziland,where it is common.

Euphorbia clavigera N.E.Br.Status: LR-lcEndemism: Endemic?Threats: GrazingDistribution: Manzini area, Siteki, Siphofaneni,ManziniWild-collected plants are known from cultivation. Easyto grow from seed, attractive species. Restricteddistribution.

Euphorbia grandicornis Goebel ex N.E.Br. subsp.grandicornisStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Chindene, Big BendVery common where it occurs. Also in Ndumo, SouthAfrica.

Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.WebsterStatus: LR-lcDistribution: MlawulaObserved in the wild several times.

FLACOURTIACEAE

Scolopia oreophila (Sleumer) KillickStatus: LR-lcThreats: Agriculture, deforestation, afforestationDistribution: Manzini, Shiselweni, on Mkondo RiverIn Swaziland, its main centre is on the Mkondo River.Its habitat appears to be stable. The threats are notresulting in any real declines. In future lack of suitablehabitat may play a role. Subsistence farming is athreat.

GESNERIACEAE

Streptocarpus confusus Hilliard subsp.lebomboensis Hilliard & B.L.BurttStatus: LR-lcEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Mlawula, Mnyame, JilobiScattered in moist forest of the Lebombo.

Streptocarpus dunnii Hook.f.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Mbabane, Forbes Reef, Motjane,Gobolondo, Piggs Peak, MalolotjaNarrow distribution. Mainly known from the Barbertonarea in South Africa. Habitat specific on granite.

Streptocarpus micranthus C.B.ClarkeStatus: LR-lcThreats: Grazing, miningDistribution: Kings Forest, Devils BridgeRestricted distribution. The species occurs in aprotected area in Swaziland. However, it does notappear in PRECIS.

HETEROPYXIDACEAE

Heteropyxis canescens Oliv.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Malolotja, Mbabane, Black UmbeluziValley, Palwane ValleyWas considered previously to be Rare in Swaziland.Common in Malolotja.

HYACINTHACEAE

Drimiopsis maculata Lindl.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Mlawula, Red Tiger Ranch

Scilla natalensis Planch.Status: LR-ntThreats: CollectionDistribution: Malolotja, Usuthu, MbabaneWidespread. Suggested to be classified as Vulnerable.Widely used and still abundant. In remote places it isfrequent. Collected for medicinal purposes.

IRIDACEAE

Dierama mobile HilliardStatus: LR-ntThreats: Habitat degradationDistribution: Oshoek, 15 km North of Forbes Reef,Komati River, MalandzelaFound in Swaziland and South Africa. Fairly widespread.Wetland species.

Dietes flavida Oberm.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Malolotja and Mlawula Reserves,LebomboHas a disjunct distribution and scarce everywhere.

Watsonia bella N.E.Br. ex GoldblattStatus: LR-lcThreats: Grazing, fireDistribution: Malolotja, Hlatikulu, Forbes Reef,Mbabane, 5 km NE of Motjane, MalalotjaIn Swaziland, grazing by cattle is a threat. Common inSouth Africa.

LAMIACEAE

Acrotome thorncroftii SkanStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Mlawula, Lomahasha, Tulwana, Blue JayRanchPreviously listed as Rare. Known from about fiveherbarium collections in Swaziland.

Hemizygia albiflora (N.E.Br.) M.AshbyStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Ngwenya MountainsKnown from collections in Swaziland by Compton andDlamini.

Hemizygia modesta CoddStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Bomvu Ridge, Havelock, Gege, ForbesReefRecorded in Swaziland by Compton.

Orthosiphon vernalis CoddStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: Manzini, Mankaiana, Bhunya area, EvelynBiring Bridge

Syncolostemon concinnus N.E.Br.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Malolotja, Mankayane, Hlatikhulu

Thorncroftia longiflora N.E.Br.Status: LR-lcEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: MalolotjaCommon in Malolotja.

Tinnea barbata VollesenStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Wyldesdale, MalolotjaRecorded in Swaziland by Compton, Heath and Braun.

Tinnea galpinii Briq.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Hlatikhulu, Mlawula, Siteki, Cecil MarksPassRecorded in Swaziland by Compton and Culverwell.

LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEAE

Cordyla africana Lour.Status: LR-lcVery rare and marginal in Swaziland, often occurring assingle plants. It is a widespread tropical plant. WildMango.

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Eriosema ellipticifolium SchinzStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Malolotja, Malandzela, MbabaneOne record in Swaziland by Heath.

Eriosema transvaalense C.H.Stirt.Status: LR-ntThreats: DammingDistribution: Malolotja, MagugaHas a globally restricted distribution.

Tephrosia cordata Hutch. & Burtt DavyStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Malolotja, Havelock, Mbabane

Tephrosia gobensis BrummittStatus: LR-lcEndemism: Endemic ?Distribution: Mlawula, Siteki

Tephrosia grandiflora (Aiton) Pers.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Blue Jay Ranch (Mlawula), ManangaMount, SitekiRecorded in Swaziland by Compton.

Tephrosia kraussiana Meisn.Status: LR-lcDistribution: MlawulaKnown from collections in Swaziland by Culverwell.

LOBELIACEAE

Cyphia bolusii E.PhillipsStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Mbabane (3 pops), Dalrich, Mbabane,Emlembe, MalkernsOn serpentine soils.

Lobelia corniculata ThulinStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Lebombo, Siteki, MlawulaWas listed as Indeterminate/Uncertain in previous RDLs.Known from very few herbarium collections.

LYTHRACEAE

Nesaea alata ImmelmanStatus: LR-lcDistribution: MlawulaIn or near shallow pans. Only recorded twice, once fromKruger National Park (South Africa) and once in theLebombo Mountains.

MORACEAE

Ficus bubu Warb.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Mlawula, Manzinyama, Umbeluzi Poort,Siteki, SihayaIn Androstachys forests in Mlawula.

OLEACEAE

Chionanthus foveolatus (E.Mey.) Stearn subsp.foveolatusStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Mlawula, Jilobi, Umbeluzi GorgeKnown from only a single protected locality inSwaziland.

ORCHIDACEAE

Disa extinctoria Rchb.f.Status: LR-ntDistribution: Unspecified locality in SwazilandRare, occurs in damp grassland and swamps at analtitude of 1,000–1,300 m. Flowers from December to

January. Also known from the former Transvaal in SouthAfrica. Its status in previous RDLs is Indeterminate.

Disa stachyoides Rchb.f.Monadenia leydenburgensis-Kraenzl.

Status: LR-lcDistribution: Mlembe, MalolotjaWidespread in many parts of South Africa. Also reportedin Lesotho.

Polystachya albescens Ridl. subsp. imbricata(Rolfe) Summerh.Status: LR-ntThreats: Afforestation, grazingDistribution: GobholoRecently found in southern KwaZulu-Natal forests ofSouth Africa. A sewerage plant in Swaziland may pose athreat.

Polystachya zuluensis L.BolusStatus: LR-ntEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Usuthu Forest, Mzimba Mnts., MbabaneNorthIn rocky highveld areas, abundant, on Xerophyta.Locally common.

Schizochilus cecilii Rolfe subsp. culveri (Schltr.)H.P.LinderStatus: LR-ntEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: NW Swaziland, MalolotjaConfined to the mountains between Barberton (SouthAfrica) and northwestern Swaziland. Flowers fromDecember to January.

POACEAE

Aristida transvaalensis HenrardStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Malolotja, Malandzela, Miomba, ForbesReefThree records in a protected area by Braun. Widespreadin South Africa.

Ehrharta erecta Lam. var. erectaStatus: LR-lcDistribution: MalolotjaTaxonomy needs attention.

Eragrostis comptonii De WinterStatus: LR-lcEndemism: EndemicDistribution: Mbabane area, MalolotjaOccurs in shady places at foot of rocks or forestmargins. Very similar to Eragrostis curvula.

POLYGALACEAE

Heterosamara galpinii (Hook.f.) PaivaPolygala galpinii-Hook.f.

Status: LR-lcDistribution: Devils Bridge, Kings Forest (Bulembu)In South Africa, it has been categorised as Rare andeven Endangered in previous RDLs. Occurs in unpro-tected small localities.

PROTEACEAE

Leucospermum gerrardii StapfStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Malolotja (and surroundings)Fairly common in Mpumalanga (South Africa). Locallycommon, but restricted distribution. Subpopulationstable. Can survive fires. Habitat specific, soapstone.

PSILOTACEAE

Psilotum nudum (L.) P.Beauv.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Umbeluzi Gorge, Malolotja, MlawulaA cosmopolitan species, but seldom common anywhere.Widespread in Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, Australia,Polynesia, Spain, the Americas and so forth.

RUBIACEAE

Pavetta barbertonensis Bremek.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Siteki, Kings Forest, Lebombo Mnts.,Palata, MlawulaWas on the previous Swaziland RDL as Rare.

SAPOTACEAE

Manilkara concolor (Harv. ex C.H.Wright)GerstnerStatus: LR-lcDistribution: Bulunga Poort, Mlawula, Siteki,Umbeluzi, Timbutini, ManziniRecorded in Swaziland by Compton, Culverwell andKemp.

Manilkara discolor (Sond.) J.H.Hemsl.Status: LR-lcDistribution: Mlawula, Carmichael’s, Mzimpofu RiverOnly in South Africa according to PRECIS, but observedby several people in the wild in Swaziland.

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Mondia whitei, also known from South Africa and Mozambique, is

used for medicinal purposes. (Photo: A. Nicholas)

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ACANTHACEAE

Barleria oxyphylla LindauStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemic?Threats: AgricultureDistribution: Tshaneni (Lowveld)Known only from type collection (1970s) inKomatipoort (South Africa). However, unconfirmedreports that it occurs in Swaziland, as well asMozambique. Restricted distribution range.

Peristrophe transvaalensis (C.B.Clarke) K.BalkwillStatus: DDDistribution: Ingwavuma Poort, Hlane Game Reserve

Salpinctium hirsutum T.J.EdwardsStatus: DDThreats: Agriculture, urban expansionDistribution: Siteki, Hlatikulu, Malandze Road toMaphalaleniVery little is known about this recently describedspecies.

ALOACEAE

Aloe chortolirioides A.Berger var. woolliana (Pole-Evans) Glen & D.S.HardyStatus: DDDistribution: Malalotja, Forbes Reef, Mbabane, theUmbeluzi (near Waterford), Hawane WaterfallThe yellow form is found across the border in SouthAfrica. The yellow form is more widely distributed thanthe red form. Generally known from Limpopo Provinceand Mpumalanga in South Africa.

Aloe cooperi Baker subsp. cooperiStatus: DDDistribution: Malolotja Valley, Ezulwini, Stegi, 20 kmNorth of Piggs PeakFound in Malalotja Valley in the mid-veld. Taxonomicproblem makes this species difficult to assess. Verycommon and widespread in South Africa.

Aloe dominella ReynoldsStatus: DDDistribution: Ingwavuma (Southern part)Was listed as Indeterminate for Swaziland in a previousRDL. No further information available but thoughtprudent to include it here.

Aloe greatheadii Schonland var. davyana(Schonland) Glen & D.S.HardyAloe graciliflora-Groenew.; Aloe barbertoniae Pole Evans

Status: DDSome of the above taxa were previously considered tobe threatened in the former Transvaal (South Africa).Extremely common and widespread in South Africa.

Aloe integra ReynoldsStatus: DDThreats: AfforestationDistribution: Malolotja, Usuthu Forests, 3 km east ofMankanyaneWas previously thought to be Rare in Swaziland. UsuthuForest subpopulation is healthy with well over 500individuals. Is a forestry conservation site. Identified asarea worthy of protection.

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Clivia caulescens R.A.DyerStatus: DDThreats: CollectionDistribution: Devils Bridge

Two records for it in Swaziland. Collected forhorticultural purposes.

Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Regel var. citrina WatsonClivia miniata-(Lindl.) Regel var. flava E.Phillips

Status: DDEndemism: Near-endemic?

Clivia nobilis Lindl.Status: DDNo herbarium specimen for Swaziland, but has beenobserved there.

ANACARDIACEAE

Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. var.stuhlmannii (Engl.) KokwaroStatus: DDLikely to be extinct in Swaziland.

Rhus rogersii SchonlandStatus: DDKnown from Lydenburg to between Nelspruit andBarberton (South Africa).

ANNONACEAE

Xylopia parviflora (A.Rich.) Benth.Status: DDThreats: CollectionCollected for medicinal properties.

ANTHERICACEAE

Chlorophytum acutum (C.H.Wright) NordalStatus: DDSingle record by Compton. PRECIS does not have itrecorded for Swaziland.

Chlorophytum saundersiae (Baker) NordalStatus: DDDistribution: Lebombo MountainsIn Swaziland, known mainly from records by Compton.Common in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (SouthAfrica).

ARALIACEAE

Cussonia zuluensis StreyStatus: DDDistribution: Bulunga Poort, Sipophaneni, SidvokodvoOne record in Swaziland by Compton.

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Asclepias crassinervis N.E.Br.Status: DDDistribution: Mbabane, Usuthu Forest, Komati Pass,MaphalaleniReported to occur in Swaziland.

Asclepias cultriformis Harv. ex Schltr.Status: DDDistribution: Usuthu, 14 km from Piggs Peak toMbabane, unspecified locality in MbabaneWidespread, although represented by only a fewcollections.

Brachystelma chlorozonum E.A.BruceStatus: DDDistribution: IngwavumaWas previously considered to be Rare in South Africa’sformer Transvaal, but new subpopulations have beenfound along the escarpment in Swaziland.

Brachystelma circinatum E.Mey.Status: DDKnown from Codd 9515.

Brachystelma gemmeum R.A.DyerStatus: DDTaxonomy of the Swaziland specimens may possiblyneed attention. The species was previously reported toonly occur in South Africa. Known only from a singlerecord in Swaziland.

Brachystelma gerrardii Harv.Status: DDDistribution: Black Umbeluzi Valley, Nkomati Pass,Little Usuthu River, Sipocosini, Komati PassRecorded in Swaziland by Compton.

Ceropegia ampliata E.Mey.Status: DDDistribution: Ngwenya CausewayKnown from collections in Swaziland by Bayliss.

Ceropegia carnosa E.Mey.Status: DDDistribution: Komati Pass, BunyaKnown from collections in Swaziland by Kemp.

Ceropegia crassifolia Schltr.Status: DDDistribution: DinedorKnown from collections in Swaziland by Culverwell andWallis.

Ceropegia decidua E.A.Bruce subsp. deciduaStatus: DDDistribution: Sicusha, Mtindekwa RiverOne record for Swaziland by Compton.

Ceropegia fortuita R.A.DyerStatus: DDDistribution: Ngwenya CausewayIn 1976 one site according to Compton. Only occurs inSouth Africa according to PRECIS.

Ceropegia linearis E.Mey. subsp. woodii (Schltr.)H.HuberStatus: DDDistribution: Malagwane Hill, Siphofaneni, MdimbaRecorded in Swaziland by Codd, Dlamini, Culverwell andKemp.

Ceropegia nilotica KotschyCeropegia plicata-E.A.Bruce

Status: DDDistribution: Ingwavuma PoortKnown mainly from old collections (Compton).

Ceropegia pachystelma Schltr.Status: DDDistribution: SicushaKnown mainly from old collections (Bayliss).

Ceropegia racemosa N.E.Br. subsp. setifera(Schltr.) H.HuberStatus: DDDistribution: Mlawula, Maguga, Gollel, Komati PassOne site protected, whereas the other is inundated. Itis known from several collections such as those ofCulverwell, Germishuizen, Dlamini and Hilliard.

Ceropegia rendallii N.E.Br.Status: DDKnown from collections in Swaziland by Bayliss.

Ceropegia sandersonii Decne. ex Hook.f.Status: DDDistribution: Sicusha, Ngwenya Causeway, Dinedor,Mtindekwa River, MalomaThe species is well-collected by Compton.

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Woodia singularis N.E.Br.Status: DDEndemism: Near-endemicReported as a Swaziland endemic, although there is anold record from a neighbouring locality in South Africa.

ASPHODELACEAE

Haworthia limifolia Marloth var. limifoliaStatus: DDThreats: CollectionDistribution: Lebombo (Siteki to Pongola)Collected for medicinal purposes. Also in Mpumalangaand KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).

Trachyandra asperata Kunth subsp. swaziensisOberm.Status: DDDistribution: Ukuthula, Black Umbeluzi Falls, MbabaneRecorded in Swaziland by Compton.

ASTERACEAE

Helichrysum argyrolepis MacOwanStatus: DDDistribution: Malolotja, Ukuthula, Usuthu, Mbabane,Ngwenya Mountains, Devils BridgeRecorded in Swaziland by Compton and Braun. Commonin Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).

Helichrysum athrixiifolium (Kuntze)Status: DDDistribution: Malkerns, Mlawula, Hlatikulu, HlaneGame Reserve, Malandzela, possibly Maguga

Helichrysum aureolum HilliardStatus: DDDistribution: Forbes Reef, Hlambanyati Valley,MbabaneOne record in Swaziland by Dlamini. Several records forit in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).

Helichrysum aureum (Houtt.) Merr. var. candidumHilliardStatus: DDDistribution: Forbes Reef, Mbabane, GoboloKnown from several varieties in Swaziland. Helichrysumaureum var. aureum was collected by Compton in theLebombo. H. aureum var. monocephalum was collectedby Braun in Malolotja. Swaziland seems to be anecotone for varieties of this species.

Helichrysum chrysargyrum MoeserStatus: DDDistribution: Black Mbeluzi Valley, Ukuthula, Mbabane,NgoyoyoRecorded in Swaziland by Compton. Several records forit in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).

Helichrysum dasyanthum (Willd.) SweetStatus: DDOnly one herbarium record for it in Swaziland byStewart. Generally known from the Cape in SouthAfrica.

Helichrysum difficile HilliardStatus: DDDistribution: Forbes ReefKnown from collections in Swaziland by Compton.Common in Gauteng and Mpumalanga (South Africa).

Helichrysum galpinii N.E.Br.Status: DDDistribution: Waverly Mine, Ngwenya Mountains,Motjane, Mbabane, Bomvu RidgeRecorded in Swaziland by Compton. Fairly common inMpumalanga (South Africa).

Helichrysum mimetes S.MooreStatus: DDDistribution: Ukuthula, Mbabane, Black Mbeluzi Falls,Havelock

Recorded in Swaziland by Compton. Known from severalrecords in Mpumalanga (South Africa).

Helichrysum mixtum (Kuntze) Moeser var.grandiceps HilliardStatus: DDDistribution: Ngundwane River, Malandela,Bremmersdorp, Komati Bridge, Kobolando Mountain.Recorded in Swaziland by Compton.

Helichrysum mutabile HilliardStatus: DDDistribution: Evelyn Baring Bridge, Komati PassBoth records in Swaziland by Compton.

Helichrysum petraeum HilliardStatus: DDDistribution: Millers Falls, Palwane HillsOne record in Swaziland by Compton. Known fromseveral records in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).

Helichrysum reflexum N.E.Br.Status: DDDistribution: Havelock Road, Bomvu RidgeRecord in Swaziland by Compton. Known from severalrecords in Mpumalanga (South Africa).

Helichrysum tongense HilliardStatus: DDDistribution: MpepoReported to be rare in South Africa. No informationavailable for Swaziland.

Helichrysum transmontanum HilliardStatus: DDDistribution: Malolotja, Mhlambanyatsi Valley, BlackMbeluzi Valley, EmlembeRecorded in Swaziland by Compton and Braun.

Helichrysum truncatum Burtt DavyStatus: DDDistribution: Palwane HillsKnown from collections in Swaziland by Compton.Known from several records in Mpumalanga (SouthAfrica).

Helichrysum wilmsii MoeserStatus: DDDistribution: Black Mbeluzi Falls, Piggs Peak, DevilsBridge, EmlembeRecorded in Swaziland by Compton.

Inula paniculata (Klatt) Burtt DavyStatus: DD

Plecostachys polifolia (Thunb.) Hilliard &B.L.BurttStatus: DDDistribution: HavelockKnown from collections in Swaziland by Miller.

Senecio mbuluzensis ComptonStatus: DDDistribution: 5 km West of Mhlosheni, Ukuthula,Mbabane, Black Umbeluzi ValleyWidespread. Possibly a near-endemic but informationunavailable. Reported to be rare in South Africa. Noinformation available for Swaziland.

Senecio medley-woodii Hutch.Status: DDDistribution: Lebombo Mountains (Jozini) toUmtamvuna River, MlawulaHas succulent stems. Good horticultural potential.Reported to be fairly uncommon in South Africa. Noinformation available for Swaziland.

Senecio umbellatus L.Status: DDWidespread in Swaziland. Generally known from theCape flora in South Africa.

CELASTRACEAE

Allocassine laurifolia (Harv.) N.RobsonStatus: DDDistribution: Jilobi Forest, Mbeluzi Gorge -ShewulaKnown from collections in Swaziland by Kemp.

COLCHICACEAE

Sandersonia aurantiaca Hook.Status: DDThreats: CollectionDistribution: HlatikhuluRare everywhere and often removed and picked byflower collectors. Also known from as far afield as theCape in South Africa.

COMMELINACEAE

Aneilema schlechteri K.Schum.Status: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Malinda, Grand ValleyKnown from collections in Swaziland by Codd, from twolocalities.

CRASSULACEAE

Crassula alba Forssk. var. pallida ToelkenStatus: DDEndemism: Endemic?Distribution: Bomvu Ridge, Mukusini Hills, NyokaneRecorded from Swaziland by Compton and Dlamini.

Crassula alba Forssk. var. parvisepala (Schonland)ToelkenStatus: DDDistribution: Malolotja, Maguga, Ngenya Hills, Siteki,Bearded man Mountain.Known mainly from three records, one in a protectedarea. Two are possibly in an inundated area.

Crassula compacta SchonlandStatus: DDDistribution: Bomvu RidgeKnown from collections by Compton and Forsyth-Thompson.

Kalanchoe alticola ComptonStatus: DDDistribution: Mukusini Hills

Kalanchoe luciae Raym.-Hamet subsp. montana(Compton) ToelkenStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Devils Bridge, Mbabane, HilltopRecorded in Swaziland by Compton and Dlamini.

Kalanchoe sexangularis N.E.Br.Kalanchoe rogersii-Raym.-Hamet

Status: DDThreats: GrazingDistribution: Ingwavuma Poort (Lebombo)Habitat specialist, but with a scattered distribution.Cattle grazing is a threat.

CYPERACEAE

Costularia natalensis C.B.ClarkeTetraria natalensis-(C.B.Clarke) Koyama

Status: DDThreats: AfforestationDistribution: Usuthu Forest, Dalriach, Ukuthula, PiggsPeakFound in grassland and forest margins. In KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), it is threatened by afforestation.The commonly used genus name is Tetraria. Common in

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KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga and Limpopo Province(South Africa).

Schoenoxiphium lehmannii (Nees) Steud.Kobresia lehmannii-(Nees) Koyama var. lehmannii

Status: DDThreats: Urban expansion, collectionDistribution: Malolotja, HilltopThe synonym was listed as threatened in previous RDLs.Hilltop site near an informal settlement where it ishighly threatened. Used for basketry. Very common inSouth Africa.

DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Polystichum macleae (Baker) DielsStatus: DDFairly common in South Africa’s Mpumulanga andLimpopo Province.

Polystichum transkeiense JacobsenStatus: DDDistribution: Kings ForestKnown from collections in Swaziland by Burrows.

EBENACEAE

Euclea undulata Thunb.Status: DDDistribution: Simunye, Sicusha, GolelaOnly one record for Swaziland by Rodin.

ERICACEAE

Erica revoluta (Bolus) L.E.DavidsonErica austroverna-Hilliard

Status: DDNo known herbarium specimens for Swaziland, butobserved there in the wild.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Croton steenkampianus GerstnerStatus: DDDistribution: Blue Jay Ranch (Mlawula)One record in a protected area by Lycette. Known to beextremely common outside Swaziland.

Euphorbia knobelii LettyStatus: DDSwaziland specimens should be checked and taxonomyneeds attention.

Synadenium cupulare (Boiss.) L.C.WheelerStatus: DDDistribution: Mdhetshana farmRecorded in Swaziland by Miller.

GENTIANACEAE

Sebaea erosa SchinzStatus: DDDistribution: MbabaneKnown from collections in Swaziland by Compton.

GESNERIACEAE

Streptocarpus cyaneus S.MooreStatus: DDDistribution: Millers Falls, Mmhlammbanyati, PiggsPeak, Malkerns, Malolotja

Streptocarpus pentherianus FritschStatus: DDThreats: Urban expansionDistribution: Mbabane, Hawane FallsRestricted distribution. Does not appear in PRECIS.

Streptocarpus polyanthus Hook. subsp. comptonii(Mansf.) HilliardStatus: DD

HIPPOCRATEACEAE

Salacia gerrardii Harv.Status: DDDistribution: Jilobi, Muti-mutiOnly in South Africa according to PRECIS.

HYACINTHACEAE

Drimiopsis maxima BakerStatus: DDDistribution: Usuthu Mission

Ornithogalum capillare J.M.Wood & M.S.EvansStatus: DDKnown from many localities in South Africa. Thedistribution tips into Swaziland.

Ornithogalum monophyllum BakerStatus: DDDistribution: Nduma, Mbabane (Fonteyn), HavelockRecorded in Swaziland by Compton, Dlamini and Kemp.

Ornithogalum saundersiae BakerStatus: DDDistribution: Marula Ridge, Mbabane, Cecil Mancks PassRecorded in Swaziland by Compton and Nicholson.

HYPOXIDACEAE

Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. & C.A.Mey.Status: DDVery widely used. Still very widespread and abundant inthe wild.

IRIDACEAE

Dierama adelphicum HilliardStatus: DDDistribution: Unspecified locality in SwazilandKnown from Limpopo Province and Mpumalanga (SouthAfrica).

Dierama insigne N.E.Br.Status: DDDistribution: OshoekCommon in South Africa.

Dierama medium N.E.Br.Status: DDDistribution: Usuthu, Waverley MineCommon in South Africa.

Dierama mossii (N.E.Br.) HilliardStatus: DDDistribution: Forbes ReefKnown from several collections from Forbes Reef.Common in South Africa.

Gladiolus ferrugineus Goldblatt & J.C.ManningGladiolus varius-F.Bolus var. micranthus (Baker) Oberm.

Status: DDDistribution: Forbes Reef, 4.5 km West of Piggs PeakCommon in South Africa.

Gladiolus hollandii L.BolusStatus: DDPreviously listed as Rare for South Africa’s formerTransvaal and Swaziland. It is reported to be commonin hills above Barberton in South Africa, as it is ahighveld species. Common in South Africa.

Hesperantha umbricola GoldblattStatus: DDEndemism: Endemic?Threats: Habitat degradation

Distribution: Mbabane hillsApparently there are closely related specimens fromsouthern KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).

LAMIACEAE

Hemizygia petiolata M.AshbyStatus: DDDistribution: Maguga, Sisa

Hemizygia pretoriae (Gürke) M.Ashby subsp.heterotricha CoddStatus: DDDistribution: Hlatikhulu, Verdun, Kubuta, GegeRecorded in Swaziland by Compton.

Hemizygia pretoriae (Gürke) M.Ashby subsp.pretoriaeStatus: DDDistribution: NgotshaneKnown from collections by Compton.

Hemizygia transvaalensis (Schltr.) M.AshbyStatus: DDDistribution: Malolotja, Piggs PeakOne record for Swaziland requiring confirmation.

Plectranthus rubropunctatus CoddStatus: DDDistribution: Mdzimba, Forbes Reef, Ermelo Rd., PiggsPeak, Mbabane

Plectranthus zuluensis T.CookeStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Mdzimba, UmbeluziRecorded in Swaziland by Culverwell.

Stachys aethiopica L.Status: DDDistribution: Isiteki BeaconKnown mainly from old collections (Compton).

Stachys arachnoidea CoddStatus: DDDistribution: Mbabane District, Malolotja, Piggs Peak,Forbes Reef

Stachys natalensis Hochst. var. galpinii (Briq.)CoddStatus: DDDistribution: Malolotja, Havelock mine, Nduma,Ngwenya Mountain.

Stachys simplex Schltr.Status: DDDistribution: Malolotja, Mbabane

Stachys tubulosa MacOwanStatus: DDOnly in South Africa according to PRECIS. However,certain that it occurs in Swaziland, but never surveyed.

Thorncroftia thorncroftii (S.Moore) CoddStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Northwest of Piggs Peak (mountains)Found at a neighbouring locality in South Africa.

LAURACEAE

Ocotea kenyensis (Chiov.) Robyns & R.WilczekStatus: DDDistribution: Kings Forest (Bulembu), Malolotja

DATA DEFICIENT

133

SWAZILAN

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Nesaea zambatidis ImmelmanStatus: DDDistribution: MlawulaKnown from collections in Swaziland by Culverwell.

MARSILEACEAE

Marsilea fenestrata LaunertStatus: DDLocally common in seasonally inundated pans.

MELIACEAE

Turraea floribunda Hochst.Status: DDDistribution: Lebombo Mountains, Mhlophe, SitekiRecorded in Swaziland by Compton.

MELIANTHACEAE

Bersama transvaalensis TurrillStatus: DDKnown from two records in Swaziland by Dlamini. Froma South African perspective, unlikely to be rare.

MORACEAE

Ficus burtt-davyi Hutch.Status: DDDistribution: Shiselweni Forest CompanyKnown from two subpopulations in Swaziland.

OCHNACEAE

Ochna arborea Burch. ex DC. var. oconnorii(E.Phillips) Du ToitStatus: DDDistribution: Muti Muti, Jilobi, north of MbabaneUnconfirmed report that it occurs in Swaziland.

Ochna gamostigmata Du ToitStatus: DDDistribution: Havelock Concession

OLEACEAE

Olea woodiana Knobl.Status: DDDistribution: Jilobi, Ubombo Mountain.Recorded in Swaziland by Miller.

OLINIACEAE

Olinia emarginata Burtt DavyStatus: DDDistribution: JilobiPreviously reported only to occur in South Africa.

ORCHIDACEAE

Calanthe sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl.Calanthe natalensis-(Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.

Status: DDDistribution: MalandelaIn evergreen and riverine montane forest, near streamsand swampy areas. Also known from the Eastern Capein South Africa. Widespread throughout Tropical Africaand Madagascar.

Eulophia speciosa (R.Br. ex Lindl.) BolusEulophia austrooccidentalis-Sölch.; Eulophia leucantha

(Kraenzl.) Sölch.

Status: DDDistribution: Mlawula, Umbeluzi GorgeNorthwards into Tropical Africa. Also reported from the

Cape area (South Africa). Both synonyms wereclassified as threatened in previous RDLs.

Habenaria bicolor Conrath & Kraenzl.Habenaria laevigata-Lindl. subsp. bicolor (Conrath & Kraenzl.)

Schltr.

Status: DDKnown mainly from Gauteng (South Africa). Flowersmainly from March to April. According to PRECIS, twolocalities outside Swaziland. Apparently new specimenscollected from Swaziland. Reported from Zimbabwe butvery unlikely. Known from grasslands.

Habenaria culveri Schltr.Status: DD

Neobolusia tysonii (Bolus) Schltr.Status: DDDistribution: Forbes ReefWide distribution in South Africa from the Eastern Capeto Mpumalanga. Small cross-border distribution inSwaziland.

PASSIFLORACEAE

Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz var. glanduliferaW.J.de WildeStatus: DDDistribution: Bulunga PoortSingle record by Compton.

PERIPLOCACEAE

Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) SkeelsStatus: DDThreats: CollectionDistribution: Siteki, UbomboWidespread, and probably utilised everywhere. Knownfrom several collections in Swaziland. Harvested formedicinal purposes. Nothing is known about the ratesof utilisation in Swaziland, and distributions fromherbarium collections in Swaziland could not beconfirmed.

POACEAE

Ehrharta erecta Lam. var. natalensis StapfStatus: DDDistribution: MalolotjaKnown from collections in Swaziland by Braun.Widespread in the summer rainfall region of SouthAfrica.

Eragrostis barbinodis Hack.Status: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Nkomati River ValleyAlso known from South Africa.

Sartidia jucunda (Schweick.) De WinterStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: MalolotjaThe species is restricted to the Barberton Mountains.Known from only a single site outside Swaziland.

Sartidia sp.Status: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Malolotja (N & S)Found on serpentine soils, but undescribed for morethan a decade.

Thamnocalamus tessellatus (Nees) Sonderstr. &R.P.EllisArundinaria tessellata-(Nees) Munro

Status: DDDispute as to how abundant this species is inSwaziland. Well represented outside Swaziland. Utilisedthroughout its range.

DATA DEFICIENT

LEGUMINOSAE: CAESALPINIOIDEAE

Chamaecrista capensis (Thunb.) E.Mey. var.capensisStatus: DDDistribution: Hawane FallsKnown from collections by Compton and Stewart.

Chamaecrista capensis (Thunb.) E.Mey. var.flavescens (Thunb.) E.Mey.Status: DDDistribution: StromaKnown from collections in Swaziland by Compton.

LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEAE

Tephrosia albissima H.M.L.Forbes subsp. albissimaStatus: DDDistribution: MankayaneKnown from collections in Swaziland by Compton.

Tephrosia brummittii SchrireStatus: DDEndemism: Endemic?Distribution: Black Umbeluzi Falls, MalandzelaRecorded in Swaziland by Compton and Germishuizen.

Tephrosia capensis (Jacq.) Pers. var. capensisStatus: DDKnown mainly from old collections (Mogg).

Tephrosia natalensis H.M.L.Forbes subsp.natalensisStatus: DDDistribution: Evelyn Baring Bridge, Tshaneni,MankaianaRecorded in Swaziland by Compton.

Tephrosia retusa Burtt DavyStatus: DDOnly in South Africa according to PRECIS. However,certain that it occurs in Swaziland, but never surveyed.

LOBELIACEAE

Monopsis malvacea E.Wimm.Lobelia coddii-Compton

Status: DDEndemism: EndemicDistribution: Mbabane, Hlatikulu

LORANTHACEAE

Tapinanthus forbesii (Sprague) WiensStatus: DDDistribution: Tshaneni

Tapinanthus gracilis Toelken & WiensStatus: DDDistribution: Ingwavuma PoortKnown from collections in Swaziland by Compton andDlamini.

Tapinanthus rubromarginatus (Engl.) DanserMoeserStatus: DDDistribution: Hlatikhulu, Mankaiana, TshaneniThree records by Compton, Dlamini and Karsten.

LYTHRACEAE

Nesaea sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne var.ericiformis Koehne forma swaziensis ImmelmanStatus: DDBasically known from four records by Compton andKarsten.

134 DATA DEFICIENT

PROTEACEAE

Faurea macnaughtonii E.PhillipsStatus: DDDistribution: Mlumati, Malolotja, Shelangubu ValleyLocally common, but restricted distribution inSwaziland.

RHIZOPHORACEAE

Cassipourea swaziensis ComptonStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: Grazing, fireDistribution: Mhlosheni, 2 km north of Mbabane,Nhlangano, NsongweniVery restricted in Swaziland. Also in South Africa(KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga?). Quartzite. Area poorlycollected, only old collections. Cattle grazing andpopulation growth a problem.

RUBIACEAE

Canthium suberosum CoddStatus: DDDistribution: HlatikhuluKnown from specimens collected by Compton.

Pavetta zeyheri Sond.Pavetta microlancea-K.Schum.

Status: DDThe synonym was listed as threatened in previous RDLs.Known only from old collections.

Pentas micrantha Baker subsp. wyliei (N.E.Br.)Verdc.Status: DDDistribution: Mapokane, Mnyame, Komati Valley,Tulwane

RUTACEAE

Teclea gerrardii I.Verd.Status: DDDistribution: Muti Muti, JilobiRecorded in Swaziland by Miller.

Teclea natalensis (Sond.) Engl.Status: DD

Teclea pilosa (Engl.) I.Verd.Status: DD

SAMYDACEAE

Homalium dentatum (Harv.) Warb.Status: DDDistribution: Jilobi, Siteki, Tibulati streamRecorded in Swaziland by Miller.

SANTALACEAE

Thesium gracilentum N.E.Br.Status: DDDistribution: Emlembo Mountain (Havelock Conces-sion)Found in an inaccessible habitat.

STERCULIACEAE

Crassula greenwayi BrenanStatus: DDDistribution: Shewula (Umbeluzi Gorge North Bank),Muti Muti

Sterculia murex Hemsl.Status: DDOnly in South Africa according to PRECIS. However,certain that it occurs in Swaziland but never surveyed.

TURNERACEAE

Tricliceras laceratum (Oberm.) Oberm.Status: DDDistribution: TshaneniKnown from collections in Swaziland by Edwards andCulverwell.

Tricliceras longipedunculatum (Mast.) R.Fern. var.longipedunculatumStatus: DDKnown mainly from old collections (Barrett).

VERBENACEAE

Vitex rehmannii GürkeStatus: DDDistribution: SitekiKnown from collections in Swaziland by Miller.

Encephalartos relictus is classified as Extinct in the Wild. (Photo: P.J.H. Hurter)

SWAZ

ILAN

D