few presidents are re-elected during recessions incumbents are most likely to be re-elected during...
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Few presidents are re-elected during recessions
Incumbents are most likely to be re-elected during late Revival or Acceleration, to lose during Maturation, Ease-off, and Plunge
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1960 – Kennedy defeated Nixon 1980 – Reagan defeated Carter 1992 – Clinton defeated Bush
Recessions rarely occur during a presidential election year
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Stocks fare well during presidential election years
Three principles: Be optimistic on stocks and bonds if you are
sure the economy is not in advanced Acceleration or Maturation
Be objective about the election’s economic impact
Remember that significant investment moves are risky
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Long-term rates tend to be stable – the Fed tries to keep interest rates steady around elections
Short-term rates rise modestly Investment moves during presidential election
years: Plunge or Revival – follow normal course, investment
confidence Ease-off – move into bonds and stocks earlier if you
are a risk taker Acceleration or Maturation – be confident about
trading plays if you are aggressive or high rolling
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Historical record: In the 9 presidential elections from 1952 to 1984,
Treasury note yields rose 3 times, fell 3 times, and remained about the same 3 times Average fall – 37 points Average rise – 95 points
3-month Treasury bills rose 6 times, 3 were significant
Relying solely on election returns could lead to very poor investment returns about one-third of the time
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Tend to rise Predictable: rose during every election
year from 1952 to 1984 except for 1960 Investment moves:
Aggressive – invest additional 5% in stocks High roller – invest additional 10% in stocks Conservative – no additional investment
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Presidents set the tone for the markets Pro-business presidents produce the
best stock and bond market performance
Presidents with more government involvement produce better performance for speculative vehicles
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Percent Change in the S&P 500*
Total Monthly Monthly Ranking
Eisenhower Up 118.5 1.2 2
Reagan Up 45.5 0.8 3
Ford Up 36.8 1.3 1
Johnson Up 32.2 0.4 4
Kennedy Up 13.2 0.4 4
Carter Down 15.4 0.3 5
Nixon Down 65.1 1.0 6
*Adjusted for inflation
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Money market yields: measured by the 3-month Treasury bill, show same pattern as long-term yields
Misery Index – sums unemployment rate and inflation
Effective federal tax rate on family income - ultraversion of the misery index
Eisenhower has lowest average ultramisery index, Reagan has greatest improvement
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President Average Index
Rank
Harry Truman 7.87 5
Dwight Eisenhower 6.26 1
John Kennedy 7.27 3
Lyndon Johnson 6.78 2
Richard Nixon 9.98 7
Gerald Ford 15.93 10
Jimmy Carter 16.27 11
Ronald Reagan 12.19 9
George H. W. Bush 10.68 8
Bill Clinton 7.80 4
George W. Bush 7.98 6
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Economic views – pro-growth and anti-inflation should have a positive impact on the economy
World opinion Selection of Vice President Sense of humor
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Long-term solutions rather than short-term quick fixes
Control the federal budget deficit
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Prices improve in response to major peak & decline of interest rates
After rally is under way, it is later reinforced by an economic upturn
Since 1950’s Stocks turned up on average of 4 months
before each recovery Stocks fell on average 10 months prior to
economic downturn
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Stock market sells off when rates rise or indicators suggest they will soon
However stocks will not act negatively when rates are rising slower than inflation and economic activity is strong
Lower rates boost stocks unless business activity is very weak or rates are declining slower than inflation
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Rising inflation is bad for stocks when interest rates are rising at a faster rate
Disinflation is bullish for stocks except when rates are falling slower
Metal and commodity stock prices respond positively to inflation
While retail, food, etc. stocks decline
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React mainly on a short term basis Stocks tend to react the greatest to industrial
production, retail sales, payroll employment, GNP, durable goods orders, and the Index of Leading Economic Indicators
To a lesser degree housing starts, building permits, construction spending, agricultural prices and other more specific industry indicators
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Bonds dislike accelerating inflation and welcome slower inflation
PPI Index gets the most attention from bond markets
Bonds yields tend to rise when MS growth accelerates and fall when MS growth decelerates
As the economy become more sluggish, bond reactions become increasing positive
As a result bonds perform best late in a recession and early in a recovery
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Gold is very profitable during persistent rises in inflation and can be a profitable alternative during times when stocks and bonds perform poorly
Best time to buy is when economic conditions are strengthening during acceleration and maturation
Rallies tend to be long and are intensified by sharp oil price increases
Recessions are time to watch from being caught in a gold market trap, as gold has very brief rallies that are followed with dramatic drop-offs.
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Inverted yield curve does not foretell a recession YC may remain inverted for a long time before a
recession begins Recessions have begun without YC inversion Inverted YC have not always led to recession
Steepening of the YC indicated the economy will strengthen, inflation will heat up and the next move in rates will be up
Economic life cycle can be seriously disrupted but is very unlikely to be repeated, took place during Carter’s credit controls of 1980
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Puts upward pressure on interest rates and inflation
Deficit is inflationary Increased government spending does not increase
the supply of consumer goods Budget financing methods often lead to faster MS
growth Deficits are negative only when the economy is
strong During acceleration and maturation, upward
pressured on rates and inflation is aggravated by the deficit even if it is shrinking
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Balanced budget would help the economy Deficit reduction would lead to higher
investment in both capital equipment and housing, and other economic benefits
As financial markets knowing well in advance what was to come, would lower rates before the pain caused by lower government spending
Will the budget ever be balanced?
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The most predictable quality of the economy is its volatility
Official actions by the government don’t usually solve economic problems
Focusing on a single investment vehicle or indicator is asking for trouble
Rosy economic conditions do not always provide the best investment environment
No two economic cycles are alike The U.S. economy is not an island The long view works
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Once you have established a set of beliefs that work, stay with them
Do not take any risk so big it makes you uncomfortable, stick with your beliefs & limits
When in doubt, depend on your own experience not on the advice of others