® foundations of xbrl: organisation and concepts
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®
Foundations of XBRL:Organisation and Concepts
Walter Hamscher ([email protected])Vice Chair, XBRL InternationalConsultant to PricewaterhouseCoopers
®
Summary
The Business Reporting Supply-Chain Active and Passive Consumers Extensibility Requirements Role of XML Schema in XBRL Role of XML Linking Language in XBRL Current Roadmap
®
The business reporting supply-chain
ExternalFinancialReporting
BusinessOperations
InternalFinancialReporting
Investment,Lending, andRegulation
Processes
Participants
AuditorsTradingPartners
Investors
FinancialPublishersand Data
Aggregators
Regulators
Software Vendors
ManagementAccountants
Companies
XBRLXBRLXBRLXBRLXBRLXBRL
® Strategic Framework
InternalFinancialReporting
ExternalFinancial
Reporting
InternalBusiness
OperationsReporting
ExternalBusiness
PerformanceReporting
InternalInternalExternalExternal
FinancialFinancial
OperationalOperational
Today:XML Rendering
of existing GAAPReporting Standards
Future:XML supportingStandardized
Business EventVocabularies
Near Future:XML supporting
G/L LevelInformationExchangeStandards
Far Future:XML supporting
Emerging BusinessPerformance
Metrics
®
Summary
The Business Reporting Supply-Chain Active and Passive Consumers Extensibility Requirements Role of XML Schema in XBRL Role of XML Linking Language in XBRL Current Roadmap
®
Reporting Environments
Active Consumer Controls all data
definitions (terms) Complex forms Advanced validation
Passive Consumer Must accommodate
variable definitions (terms)
Financial statements Common base
disclosures Industry, company and
segmented additional disclosures
®
XBRL in Closed Processes
Public• Taxonomy• Formulas• Other links
Public• Taxonomy• Formulas• Other links
Re-validate
Re-validate
AnalysisAnalysis
Pre-validatePre-validate
Post-validatePost-validate
Private• Ratio formula
Private• Ratio formula
InstanceInstance
Instance with explanations
Instance with explanations
ConsumerProducer
Private• PolicyPrivate• Policy
®
XBRL in Open Processes
Reporting
Reporting
XBRL
Doc
XBRL
Doc
Analysisand
Value-Add
Analysisand
Value-Add
Reporting
Reporting XBR
LDoc
XBRL
Doc
XBRL
Doc
XBRL
Doc
Analysis
AnalysisXBR
LDoc
XBRL
Doc
Private dataCompare to original
Aggregated
Benchmarking results
®
Summary
The Business Reporting Supply-Chain Active and Passive Consumers Extensibility Requirements Role of XML Schema in XBRL Role of XML Linking Language in XBRL Current Roadmap
®Extensibility Needs of XBRL as compared to other XML standards Invoice
Parties• Identifier• Address
Line Item• Item
Identifier Description
• Quantities• Amounts• Discounts
Taxes Delivery Terms
Depreciation Schedule Line Item
• Asset name• Asset category*• Value brought
forward**• Value limitation*• Period• Acquisition Date• Method*• Amount• Limitation*• Value carried forward**• Etc., etc., etc.
*Meaning varies according to accounting principles appropriate to purpose of information
** Name of otherwise identical concept varies by jurisdiction, not to mention native language
®
Data (INSTANCE)
XBRL is the way that it is because business reporting concepts are extensible.
TaxonomyTaxonomy
ConceptConcept
Instance
Context
Context
XBRL Fundamentals Meta Data (TAXONOMIES)
Label and language
Reference
Definition
Presentation Hierarchy
Calculation Hierarchy
Data types, normal balance
Fact
Fact
Fact
FactFact
Concept
Concept
Concept
Concept
Concept
Concept
Unit
Unit
®
Summary
The Business Reporting Supply-Chain Active and Passive Consumers Extensibility Requirements Role of XML Schema in XBRL Role of XML Linking Language in XBRL Current Roadmap
®
Validation Levels Data elements
“Five year residential loans” is represented by fdic:riad0348 Primitive data types
The value of riad0348 must be nine digits and not negative Compound data structures
A Maturity Breakdown must contain Loans, Securities and Derivatives
Calculated data values RIAC4410 = RIAC4411 + RIAC4412, plus or minus 10,000
Co-Constraints among data values: Formulas Box27 is True if and only if Box28 is the same as Box29
Cross-document constraints Var50 is True if Box28 is larger than any value ever reported.
®
Summary
The Business Reporting Supply-Chain Active and Passive Consumers Extensibility Requirements Role of XML Schema in XBRL Role of XML Linking Language in XBRL Current Roadmap
®
XML Linking (XLink)
XLink is a W3C standard way to use XML to represent all kinds of relationships between XML elements no matter where they are.
XML Document 1 XML Document 2Linkbase
<P id=“a”>
<P id=“b”>
<P id=“c”>
b is the
same as c
b explain
s a
®XBRL uses XLink to represent the relationships between concept elements
<element id=“ast.inv”>
<element id=“ast.cur”>
Definition:more
general
<Label>Current Assets</Label>
label
<Label>Inventory</Label>
label
<bk> <ch>1</ch> <par>5</par> <ln>7</ln></bk>
reference
Presentation:below
<element id=“ast.wip”>
®XLink allows customization and explicit, modular changes to reusable material
<element id=“ast.inv”>
<element id=“ast.cur”>
Definition:more
general
label
label
<bk> <ch>1</ch> <par>5</par> <ln>7</ln></bk>
reference
Presentation:before
<element id=“ast.wip”>
<Label> </Label>
<Label> </Label>
存货
当前的财产
®
Summary
The Business Reporting Supply-Chain Active and Passive Consumers Extensibility Requirements Role of XML Schema in XBRL Role of XML Linking Language in XBRL Current Roadmap
®
Specification and Guidance Stack
Legend
Level 1TechnicalFoundations
XBRL Specification
Level 2ModellingRules
Level 3UsageGuidance
Preparers’Guide
FinancialReportingTaxonomy
Architecture(FRTA)
GeneralLedger
RecommendationsPublic Working Drafts
Internal Working Drafts
LinkRole
Registry(LRR)
Dimensions
GCD
Versioning
XBRL Functions
Formula Linkbase
FinancialReportingInstance
Standards(FRIS)
FRTAGuide
Passive Consumer
Applications
Internal ReportingApplications
Active Consumer (Regulator)Applications
®
Foundations of XBRL:Organisation and Concepts
Walter Hamscher ([email protected])Vice Chair, XBRL InternationalConsultant to PricewaterhouseCoopers
®
Abstract Why is XBRL the way it is? Returning to the
fundamental goals and requirements of XBRL, and tracing its evolution from origin to the present, provides the answer. The current package of specifications and modules, encompassing the XBRL 2.1 specification recommendation, functions, formulas, dimensions and versioning, together realises the vision we have all pursued. This talk will illustrate the interplay between XML Schema and XML Linking Language, as well as the relationship of "active consumer" versus "passive consumer" applications in the evolution of XBRL.