© fox, pritchard, & mcdonald introduction to fluid mechanics chapter 2 fundamental concepts
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 2
Fundamental Concepts
![Page 2: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 3: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Main Topics
سیال پیوستگی سرعت میدان تنش میدانویسکوزیته سطحی تنش سیال حرکت بندی دسته
![Page 4: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Fluid as a Continuum
![Page 5: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Velocity Field
نسبی چگالی
مخصوص وزن
![Page 6: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Velocity Field
Consider alsoSteady and Unsteady Flows1D, 2D, and 3D FlowsTimelines, Pathlines, and
Streaklines
![Page 7: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 8: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
خط :جریان
![Page 9: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
مسیر خط
![Page 10: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
رگه
![Page 11: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 12: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
داده سرعت میدان برای را مسیر خطبیابید .شده
![Page 13: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 14: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 15: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Stress Field
![Page 16: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
ViscosityNewtonian Fluids
• Most of the common fluids (water, air, oil, etc.)• “Linear” fluids
![Page 17: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 18: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
ViscosityNon-Newtonian Fluids
• Special fluids (e.g., most biological fluids, toothpaste, some paints, etc.)• “Non-linear” fluids
![Page 19: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 20: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Viscosity
Non-Newtonian Fluids
![Page 21: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 22: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 23: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 24: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 25: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Surface Tension
![Page 26: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 27: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Description and Classification of Fluid Motions
![Page 28: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
Viscous torque is produced by the annular gap around the inner cylinder. Additional viscous torque is produced by the flat bottom of the inner cylinder as it rotates above the flat bottom of the stationary outer cylinder. Obtain an algebraic expression for the viscous torque due to flow in the annulargap of width a. Obtain an algebraic expression for the viscous torque due to flow in the bottom clearance gap of height b.
![Page 29: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 30: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
A viscometer is built from a conical pointed shaft thatturns in a conical bearing, as shown. The gap between shaftand bearing is filled with a sample of the test oil. Obtain analgebraic expression for the viscosity μ of the oil as a functionof viscometer geometry (H, a, and θ), turning speed ω,and applied torque T. For the data given, find by referring toFigure A.2 in Appendix A, the type of oil for which theapplied torque is 0.325 N m. The oil is at 20C. Hint: Firstobtain an expression for the shear stress on the surface of theconical shaft as a function of z.
![Page 31: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 32: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald
![Page 33: © Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/56649d755503460f94a55091/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald