khh;r; 2017 jhtutpay; tpilFwpg;g[fs; ( ‘B’ tif nfs;tpjhs;)

T.VENKATESH KUMAR , M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., PGDMLT., PGDCA ., PGDBI.,P.G.TEACHER IN BOTANY & NCC OFFICER., V.M.GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL(BOYS).,

PERIYAKULAM – 625 601. THENI DIST.MOBIL NO. 9894925571 / Email. venkateshkumar1974@gmail.com

gphpt[ m (xU kjpg;bgz; nfs;tpfs;) 30 X 1=301. fUk;gpy; fhzg;gLk; xw;iwka Fnuhnkhnrhk; (M) 402. ehs; eLepiyjp jhtuj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L (M) R{hpafhe;jp3. xUtpj;jpiyj; jhtuf; FLk;gj;jpy; kpft[k; nkk;ghL

mile;j FLk;gk;(<) Mh;f;fpnlrp

4. gd;kaj;ij J]z;LtJ (<) fhy;r;rp!pd;5. APtpah gpnurpypad;!p!; jhtuj;jpd; ,iyfs; (M) _d;W

rpw;wpiyfisa[ilaTl;oiy

6. g[w;Wneha; bry;fspy; fhzg;gLk; Fnuhnkhnrhk; (<) lg[s; kpdpl;!;7. tHpr; bry;fs; … d; mfj;njhypy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. (M) ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu

nth;8. ‘Z’ tHpKiw Fwpg;gpLtJ (,) RHw;rpapyh vyf;l;uhd;

flj;jy;9. ,izahj jdpj;j my;ypfisa[ila jhtu';fs;

fPH;f;fz;l vtw;Ws; ,lk; bgWk; ?(<) ghypbgl;lhny

10. xU kuj;jpd; taij mjd; Mz;L tisa';fspd;vz;zpf;ifia itj;J fz;lwptJ

(m) bld;l;nuhFnuhdhy#p

11. Mh;l;okprpah khhpl;okh jhtuj;jpypUe;J fpilf;fk;kUe;J

(M) rhz;nlhdpd;

12. bghuhr!; gpyhbgy;yp~bgh; vd;gjd; rhjhuzg; bgah; (<) gid13. Apa[nfh O t;hP!; jpOh; khw;wj;ijf; fz;lwpe;j

jhtuk;(,) <ndhjPuh yhkhh;f;fpahdh

14. fPH;f;fz;ltw;Ws; bghJthd Rthrjsg;bghUs; vJ? (,) fhh;nghiAl;nul;Lfs;15 bth;ndhdpah Mh;nghhpah xU (,) kuk;16 Fdpfs; gGg;gjpy; g';fhw;Wk; Ahh;nkhd; (,) vj;jpypd;17 gpd;gUk; kug[g; bghwpapay; _yk; cUthf;fg;gl;l

ve;j bghUs; bry;fspy; itu!; vjph;g;g[j; jpwidVw;gLj;j cjtp bra;fpwJ?

(M) ,d;lh;~bguhd;

18 th!;Fyhh; nfk;gpak; xU (,) gf;f Mf;Fj;jpR19 ighpFnyhpah xiunrtpd; ,uz;lhk; epiy

Xk;g[aph;j; jhtuk;(M) o#pnlhpah khh;#pndl;lh

20 kpa{!h jhtuj;jpd; ,iyaikt[ (<) RHy; ,iyaikt[21 ,e;jpahtpy; fhg;g[hpikf; fhyk; (,) 5 Mz;Lfs;22 M!;onah !;fpsPiuL fhzg;gLk; gFjp (M) gl;lhzpapd; tpija[iw23 nfy!pypUe;J nth; njhd;WtJ (M) iunrhb#dp!p!;24 ouhd;!;~gnu!;fSf;F xU vLj;Jf;fhl;L (m) ouhd;!; mkpnd!;25 #pk;ndh!;bghk;fspy; ePiuf; flj;Jk; Kf;fpa TWfs; (m) ouf;fPLfs;26 ikl;nlhfhz;l;hpahtpy; vyf;l;uhd; flj;J

bghUl;fs; mike;Js;s gFjp(<) cl;rt;t[

27 ey;yp nrhkp ,t;thW Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ (<) 2n-228 Kdpjd; cl;bfhs;sj;jf;f itl;lkpd; khj;jpiufs;

,jpypUe;J jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ(<) !;ig%ypdh

29 bry;ypd; Mw;wy; ehzak; vdg;gLtJ (m) ATP30 gFjp xl;Lz;zpj; jhtuk; ,JthFk; (<) tp!;fk;

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gphpt[ - M (_d;W kjpg;bgz; nfs;tpfs;) 15 X 3=45

31. tz;zj;Jg; g{r;rp my;yp tl;lk; vd;why; vd;d ?

ng~ngrp FLk;gj;jhtu';fs;py; my;yptl;lj;jpy; 5 my;ypfs; tz;zkhdJ/xG';fw;W cs;sJ. my;ypfs; jdpj;jit/ 1+2+2/ ,w';F jGt[ ,jHikt[(btf;!py;yhp) ,it ghh;gjw;F tz;zj;Jg;g{r;rpapd; totj;jpy; cs;sjhy; ,jw;Ftz;zj;Jg;g{r;rp tot my;yptl;lk; vd;W bgah;1.bfhoay;yp (or) btf;!py;yk ; → tz;zj;Jg;g{r;rpapd; jiyia nghd;W cs;sJ

2.rpwfy;yp (or) Mny → tz;zj;Jg;g{r;rpapd; ,wf;iffs; nghd;W cs;sJ3.glfy;yp (or) fhhpdh → tz;zj;Jg;g{r;rpapd; fhy;fis nghd;W cs;sJ

32. khy;ntrpapd; tifg;ghl;L epiyia vGJf.►tFg;g[ - ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuk;► Jid tFg;g[ - ghyp bgl;lhny► thpir – jyhkp~g[nshnu► Jiw – khy;nty;!;► FLk;gk; - khy;ntrp

33. rpd;b#dp\pa!; kfue;jj;jhs; vd;why; vd;d?☼ M!;l;nurp FLk;g kfue;jjhspd; rpwg;g[ gz;ghFk;. kfue;jjhspy; kfue;jigfs;,ize;Jk; kfue;j fk;gpfs; jdpj;Jk; cs;s epiy rpd;b#dp\pa!; vdg;gLk;.

34. ml;nuh~gpd; vd;why; vd;d ?ml;nuhgh bgy;ynlhdh - nth;→My;fyhapL ml;nuh~gpd ;→jirtypf;F kUe;J

35. a{!;Oy; vd;why; vd;d ?

,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuj; jz;oy; th!;Fyhh; fw;iwfs; gpj;ijr; R{H;e;J xUtisakhf mike;Js;sd. ,t;tif !;OyhdJ a{!;Oy; vdg;gLk;.

36. kug[ tiuglk; vd;gJ ahJ ?

Fnuhnkhnrhkpy; #Pd;fs; ePs;thpirapy; mike;Js;sJ/ #Pd;fs; mike;Js;s,g;g[s;spfSf;F nyhf!; vd;W bgah;.

XU Fnuhnkhnrhkpy; #Pd;fspd; miktplk;/ mit mike;Js;s Kiw kw;Wk;,idg;g[ #Pd;fSf;fpilnaa[s;s J]uk; Mfpatw;iw tiuglj;jpd; _yk; tpsf;Ffpd;wglj;bjhFg;g[ ,izg;g[(m) kug[ tiuglk; vdg;gLk;.

37. goahf;fk; vd;why; vd;d ?

DNA Transcription (goahf;fk;) mRNA Translation (bkhHpahf;fk;)g[ujk;

DNA – tpy; cs;s kug[ bra;jp J]J RNA - t[f;F behjpfspd; <Lghl;Lld;khw;wg;gLk; epfH;r;rpf;F goahf;fk; vdg;gLk;.

38. gpsha;oapd; Kf;fpaj;Jt';fs; _d;wpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.

1.jhtu bgUf;fk; mjpntf tsh;r;rp/ bghpa kyh;fs; fdpfs; cz;lhf;fg;gLfpwJ2.bghUshjhu Kf;fpaJtk; tha;e;j jhtu';fs; cz;lhf;fg;gLfpwJ3.g[jpa rpw;wpd';fs; njhd;Wfpd;wd.4.kyh;/fdp njhd;Wk; gUt fhyk; khw;wj;jpw;F jf;fthW jftikg;g[ bgw;Ws;sJ.

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5. jhtu';fs; g[jpa thHplj;jpw;F vspjpy gHf;fgLfpd;wd.6. jhtu';fs; neha; vjph;g[jpwd;/ mjpf kfR{y; bgw;w uf';fs; cz;lhf;g;gLfpwJ.7.mjpf m';ff mkpyk;/ mjpf vil/ mjpf itl;lkpd; cs;s uf';fs;cz;lhf;g;gl;Ls;sJ.8.kdpjh;fspy; ,it kug[ nehia Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.(3n)(4n)9. Mg;gps;/ nghpf;fha;/ jpuhl;ir kw;Wk; jh;g{rzp Mfpait bghpa fdpfiscw;gj;jpbra;fpd;wd.10. mjpf mHFkpf;f jhtu';fs; cw;gj;jp bra;a.

39. jhtuj; jpR tsh;g;gpw;F gad;gLk; Clf';fs; _d;W Fwpg;gpLf.1. Kuh\pfp !;Tf; tsh;g[ Clfk; (MS Clfk;)2. nfk;ghh;f; tsh;g;g[ Clfk;(B5 tsh;g;g[ Clfk;)3. xapl; tsh;g;g[ Clfk; (W tsh;g;g[ Clfk;)4. epl;r; tsh;g;g[ Clfk;

40. caphpfshy; rPuikf;fg;gLjy; vd;why; vd;d?

Rw;WR{H;eiyapy; cs;s er;Rg; bghUl;fisr; rpijg;gjpYk;/ khRgLjiyj;jLg;gjpYk; capUs;s Ez;Qaph;fs; <LgLj;jg;gLtJ rPuikf;fgLjy; vdg;gLk;.

(my;yJ)

fr;rh vz;bzapdhy; khRgLk; epyk; kw;Wk; ePuhdJ ghf;Ohpaj;jpdhy; rhp bra;ag;gLk; epfH;t[

caphpa rPuikg;ghf;fk;(or) caphpfshy; rPhpikf;fg;gLjy;(Bio-remedidation) vd miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.

41. xsptpidia tiuaW

jhtuj;jpy; cs;s xspr;nrh;f;if epwkpfshdJ/ R{hpa xspahw;wy;/ ePh; Mfpatw;iw

<LgLj;jp ATP , NADPH2 Mfpatw;iw cUthf;Fk; tpidfs; xsp tpidfs;vdg;gLk;.

42. Ah!;nlhhpah vd;why; vd;d ?

f!;Fl;lh nghd;w xl;Lz;zpj; jhtu';fs; rpy rpwg;ghd nth;fisf; bfhz;Ls;sd( cwp";R cUg;g[fs;). ,t;nth;fs; Xk;g[aphpj; jhtu';fisj; Jisj;J cl;brd;Wiryj;jpypUe;J ePiua[k;/ fdpk cg;g[f;fisa[k; kw;Wk; ~g[nshaj;jpypUe;J czt[g;bghUl;fisa[k; cwp";Rfpd;wd. ,t;nth;fs; Ah!;nlhhpahf;fs; my;yJ cwp";RcWg;g[fs; vdg;gLk;.

43. rpahod; vd;why; vd;d ?

kf;fhr;nrhsj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; irl;nlhifdpd; ‘rpahod;’ vdg;gLk;. ,sePhpYk;,J cs;sJ.

44. RHy; xspgh!;ghp fuzk; ve;j R{H;epiyfspy; eilbgWfpwJ ?

(i). PSI kl;Lk; bray;gLk;nghJ(ii). ePh; xspgpsj;jy; eilbgwhj nghJ(iii). mjpf mst[ ATP njitg;gLk; nghJ(iv) . xLf;fj;jpw;Fj; njitahd NADP+ fpilf;fhj nghJ RHYk; xspgh!;ghpfuzk; epfH;fpwJ.

45. mg;ngh vd;i!k; vd;why; vd;d ?KG behjpfs;/ g[ujk; kw;Wk; g[ujky;yhj gFjpg; bghUl;fisf; bfhz;Ls;sd.Mit KGbehhpfs; ( Holoenzymes) vdg;gLk;. ,e;j KGbehjpapy; cs;s g[ujg;gFjpg;bghUshdJ mg;nghvd;i!k; ( Apoenzyme) vdg;gLk;.

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46. fhw;wpy;yh Rthrk; vd;why; vd;d ?

mdnuhgahrp!; my;yJ fhw;wpy;yh caph;g;g[ vd;gJ Mf;rp#d; ,y;yhj epiyapy;caph; thH;tjhFk;. Rpy Ez;Qaphpfs; Mf;rp#d; ,d;wpna caph;thH ,aYk;.

jdp Mf;rp#d; _yf;TWfs; ,d;wpna eilbgWk; Rthrpj;jy; epfH;rp fhw;wpy;yhRthrk; vdg;gLk;.

v.fh. <!;l; kw;Wk; rpy ghf;Ohpa';fs;.

47. bgz;nlh!; gh!;ngl; tHpj;jlj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jt';fs; _d;W Fwpg;gpLf.

1. ,J fhh;nghiAl;nul; rpijt[f;F khw;W tHpahFk;.2. ,jpy; cz;lhFk; NADPH2 _yf;TWfs; gy bry;bghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jpf;Fgad;gLfpwJ.3. epa{f;spf; mkpy cw;gj;jpf;F njitahd iungh!; rh;f;fiu ,e;jtHpj;jlj;jpd; _yk; fpilf;fpd;wJ.4. vhpj;nuh!; gh!;ngl;lhdJ mnuhnkof; nrh;k';fis cw;gj;jp bra;fpwJ.5. RuBP MdJ xspf;nrh;f;iapd; nghJ CO2 I epiyepWj;jg; gad;gLfpwJ

48. C3 kw;Wk; C4 tHpj;jl';fSf;fpilna cs;s VnjDk; _d;W ntWghLfis vGJf?

gz;g[fs; C3 tHpj;jlk; C4 tHpj;jlk;1. eilbgWk; ,lk; ,iyapilj; jpR ,iyapilj; jpR kw;Wk; fw;iw ciw

bry;fs;2. CO2 _yf;TW Vw;gp RuBP PEP3. Kjypy; cUthFk;

epiyahd bghUs;PGA (3C) OAA (4C)

4. CO2 epiyepWj;jypy;mst[

Xspr;nrh;f;ifapd;mst[ Fiwt[

xspr;nrh;f;ifapd; mst[ mjpfk;

5. cfe;j btg;gepiy 20oC – 25oC 30o C- 45oC6. vLj;Jf;fhl;L bey;/ nfhJik/

cUisf; fpH';Fkf;fhnrhsk;/ l;hpg[y!;/ mkue;j!;/fUk;g[

49. brhyhdk; ief;uj;jpd; kUj;Jtg; gad;fis vitnaDk; _d;wpid vGJf.

* fy;yPuy; rph;nuhrp!; Kjypa fy;yPuy; neha;fSf;F ,e;j broapd; rhW ey;ygyidj; jUfpwJ.* fha;r;ry;/ rPjngjpiaf; Fzg;gLj;JtnjhL/ rpWePh;g; bgUf;if Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ.* brhyhdpd;fs; kw;Wk; rnghdpd; vdg;gLk; kUj;Jtg; gaDs;s/ bray;jpwd;tha;e;j nrh;k';fs; ,e;j jhtuj;jpypUe;J gphpj;bjLf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

50. caphp cuk; vd;why; vd;d ? cjhuzk; jUf.► gaph; tsh;r;rpf;F gad;gLj;jgLk; caphpfsplkpUe;J njhd;wpa midj;J caphpCl;lg;bghUl;fSk; “caphp cu';fs;” vd miHf;fg;gLk;.

► bey; tay;fspy; braw;ifahf ghf;Ohpa';fSk;(mrnlh ghf;lhh;/ ghrpy;y!;/iunrhgpak;/ Nnlhnkhdh!; !;l;iunal;lh)/ randh ghf;Ohpa';fs; (m) ePygRk;ghrpfs; (Mrpy;ynlhhpah/ mdgPdh/ eh!;lhf;/ a{nyhj;hpf;!;/f;spnahnfg;!;/yp';gah/irnlhepkh) gad;gLfpwJ. ,itfs; tspkz;lyj;jpy; cs;s iel;u#d;bghUl;fis epiy epWj;Jgit.

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gphpt[ , (Ie;J kjpg;bgz; nfs;tpfs;) 7 X 5=3551. iAh;nghpaj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij vGJf.

1. xU ehl;od;my;yJ xU gFjpapd; jhtu tsk;/tptu';fis mwpayhk;2. jhtu nrkpg;g[ epiyakhf cs;sJ.3. g[jpa jhtu';fis ,d';fd;lwpa gad;gLfpwJ.4. tifg;ghl;oay; cs;sikg;gpay; Muha;r;rpf;F fr;rhg; bghUshf(_yg;bghUs;) cs;sJ5. 200 Mz;Lfshf bAh;nghpaj;jpy; cs;s kfue;jJ]s; vt;tpjkhw;wKk;miltjpy;iy vdnt ,jd; _yk; tifg;gh;low;F bgUk; Jidahfcs;sJ.(mHpe;Jnghd ,d';fis jp[R tsh;gpd; _yk; kPz;Lk; cUthf;fyhk;)6. bry;ypay;/ DNA tpd; mikg;g[ vz;zpay; tifghL kw;Wk; ntjpKiwtifghL nghd;w Muha;r;rpf;F bAh;nghpak; gad;gLfpd;wJ.7. #Pd;fspd; Muha;r;rpf;F bAh;nghpak; #Pd; Fskhf bray;gLfpwJ.

52. kpa{!h kw;Wk; uhtbdyh jhu';fspilna cs;;s ntWghLfis ml;ltid gLj;Jft.vz; gz;g[ kpa{!h (thiH) uhtbdyh ( gadpfspd; gid)1. tshpay;g[ bghpa msthd kndhfhh;gpf; gy;yhz;L rpW bro kuk;2. jz;L cz;ikahd jz;L jiuao iunrhk;/

jiuf;F nky; fhzg;gLk; epkph;e;j jz;Lbgha; jz;L MFk;

jiuf;F nky; tsUk; fl;ilj;jd;ik cila jz;L cz;ikahdjz;L

3. ,iyaikt[ RHy; ,iyaikt[ ,Uthpir mikt[ Kiw4. k";rhp fpisj;j !;ghof;!; Tl;L irk;5. kfue;jjhs; bkhj;jk; 6 ,jpy; 5 tskhdJ/ 1 kyl;L

kfue;jjhs;6 kfue;jjhs;fSk; tskhdJ

6. fdp bgh;hp bto fdp

53. ghud;ifkh jpRtpd; tiffis tpsf;Ff.t.vz; glk; tpsf;fk;1 Vud; ifkh :fhw;wiwfis bgw;wit. ,j;jpR epk;~igah (jhkiu)/

iAhpy;yh nghd;w ePh;jhtu';fspy; kpjj;jYf;F gad;gLfpd;wd.

2 nrkpg;g[ ghud;ifkh :ghud;ifkh bry;fspy; !;lhh;r;ir nrkpf;fpwJ.

3 !;bly;nyl; ghud;ifkh :,it ,iyfhk;gpy; el;rj;jputotkhf cs;sJ.

4 Fnshd;ud; ifkh :bry;fspy; mjpf mst[ gR';fzpf';fs; cs;sjhy; ,it

xspr;nrh;f;if gzpia bra;fpwJ.

54. gl;ilj; Jisfs; gw;wp Fwpg;g[ tiuf* fhh;f;jpRtpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w byd;!;tot Jisfs;my;yJ gpst[fs; gl;ilj;Jisfs; vdg;gLk;.,itjz;oy; Vw;gLfpd;w ,uz;lhk;epiy tsh;r;rpapd;nghJ g[wj;njhy; fpHptjhy; cz;lhfpd;wd. ,itjz;od; kPJ rpW g[ilg;g[fshf njhd;Wfpd;wd.gl;ilj;Jisfs; bghJthf g[wj;njhy; Jisfs;,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; njhd;Wfpd;wd. my;yJ rpyrka';fspy; g[wj;njhy;pd; vg;gFjpapYk;njhd;Wfpd;wd. gl;;ilj;Jisg; gFjpay; cs;s~bgy;nyh#d; bry;fs; kw;w ,l';fis tpl ntfkhfgFg;giltjhy; beUf;fkw;W mike;j/ bky;ypa Rth;bfhz;l ghud;ifkh bry;fs; mjpfkhfcz;lhf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,r;bry;fs; epug;g[ bry;fs;vdg;gLk;.tha[g;ghpkhw;wj;jpw;F gl;ilj; Jisfs;cjtpg[hpfpd;wd. gl;ilj; Jisfs; jz;od; kPJxG';fw;W rpjwpnah my;yJ xG';fhd br';Fj;Jthpirapnyh fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

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55. xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtu nthpd; FWf;F btl;Lj; njhw;wj;ij glk; tiue;J ghf';fisf;Fwpf;f ( bghpjhf;fg;gl;l glk; my;yJ mog;gilg; glk;.)mog;gilg; glk; bghpjhf;fg;gl;l glk

my;yJ

56. flj;J RNA mikg;g[ gw;wp rpW Fwpg;g[ tiuf

1. xt;bthU t-RNA t[k; fpsth; ,iy totk ;bfhz;Ls;sJ.2. R .W .nAhyp vd;gth; ,e;j khjphpiabtspapl;lth;3. cl;fUtpy; cs;s DNA ,iHapd; xUgFjpapypUe;J cUthfpwJ.4. t-RNA _yf;TW xnu xU ,iHiabfhz;oUe;jhYk; btt;ntW tifapy; kotjhy;mJ Fnshth; ,iy totk; bfhz;Ls;sJ.5. ,jpy; 4 fu';fs;; cs;sd. mitvjph;r';nfj fuk;/D- fuk;/TΨC – fuk;/mkpndhmkpyj;ij Vw;Fk; fuk; kw;Wk;xU khWgLk; fuk; vd cs;sJ.

57. DNA t[f;Fk; RNA t[f;Fk; cs;s ntWghLfs; ahit ?

DNA( o Mf;!p iungh epa{f;spf; mkpyk;) RNA (iungh epa{f;spf; mkpyk;)1. ,jpy; 5 fhh;gd; bfhz;l

o Mf;!piungh!; rh;f;fiu cs;sJ,jpy; 5 fhh;gd; bfhz;liungh!; rh;f;fiu cs;sJ

2 iel;u#d; fhu';fs;(moidd;/ Fthidd;/ irnlhrpd;/kw;Wk;ijkpd; cs;sd) AG CT

iel;u#d; fhu';fs; ( moidd;/ Fthidd;/irnlhrpd;/kw;Wk; a{uhrpy; cs;sd) AG CU

3. ,ul;il RUs; mikg;g[ bfhz;lJ Xh; ,iHahyhd mikg;ghFk;4. kpf ePskhdJ Fl;ilahdJ5. epiyg;g[j; jd;ik mjpfk;

( behjpfshy; ghjpg;giltjpy;iy)epiyg;g[j; jd;ik Fiwt[(behjpfshy; vspjpy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.)

khw jjhaaaaaa

58. kug[g; bghUl;fis ,lk; khw;wp mikg;gjd; gad;fis VnjFk; Ie;jpid vGJf1. jhtu';fs; g{r;rpbfhy;yp vjph;g;g[j;jd;ik/g{r;rpfis vjph;f;Fk; jd;ik.2.g[ujk;fs;/itl;lkpd;fs;/mkpndh mkpy cw;gj;jp mjpfk;.3.Cl;lrj;jp;;y;yhj g[uj';fis cw;gj;jpbra;jiy jilbra;at[k;.4.tzpf Kf;fpaJtk; tha;e;j ,uz;lhk; tsh;rpijkhw;w bghUs;fspd; cw;gj;jpf;Fk;.

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5.jf;fhspia beLe;bjhiyt[ vLj;J bry;tjhy; 80% ,Hg;g[ Vw;gLfpwJ. jf;fhspfdp rpija fhuzk; ghypnfyf;l;nuh#pnd!; vDk; behjpahFk; vdnt nkw;fz;l

behjpapd; bray;ghl;il jilbra;a czh;jil#Pd;fs ;(Antisense Genes). jf;fhspapd;

DNAt[ld; ,idj;jhy; fhahdJ gGf;f jhkjg;gLfpwJ. czh;jil RNA(AntisenceRNA)vd;gJ fhahdJ gGf;f fhuzkhd behjpfspd; bray;ghl;ilf; fl;LgLj;Jk;

RNA _yf;TwhFk;.6.mstpy; bghpa kyh;fs;/ fdpfs;/,iyapd; epwk;/ mHfpa totk;/ thridVw;gLj;Jtjhy; jw;rkak; my';fhuj; bjhHpy; epWtd';fspd; Kf;fpa,yf;FfshFk;.

59. kWnrh;f;if DNA bjhHpy;El;gj;jpd; Ie;J Kf;fpa epfH;t[fis vGJf.

kWnrh;f;if DNA bjhHpy;El;gj;jpd bray; El;gk;(Techniques) :

1._yf;TWflj;jpfis njh;e;bjLj;jy;tH';F caphpapd; DNA it my;yJ tpUk;gpa #Pd;fis gphpj;njLj;J bu!;l;hpf;\d;

vz;nlhepa{f;spna!;fis gad;gLj;jp rpWrpWj; Jz;Lfshf eWf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;.,e;j DNA Jz;Lfis jFe;j efy; bgUf;fpa[ld; ,izj;jy; ntz;Lk;. fljjp vd;gJ

v!b!hprpah nfhiyapd; irl;nlhgpshrj;jpy; fhzg;glK; kug[ rhuhj tl;l totgpsh!;kpl; DNA MFk;. gpsh!;kpLfs; kpft[k; bghUj;jkhd flj;jpfshFk;. ,J nghd;wefy; bgUf;fp flj;jp my;yJ Fnshdp'; Ch;jp (Cloning Vehicle) vdg;gLk;.

2.DNA f;fis gphpj;bjL;j;jy;:bu!;l;hpf;\d; vz;nlhepa{f;spna!;fis gad;gLj;jp/ flj;jp DNA fis rpWrpWj;

Jz;Lfshf eWf;f ntz;Lk;/3.DNA f;fis ,idj;jy;

DNA iynf!; vd;w behjpia gad;gLj;jp tH';F caphpapd; DNA Jz;LfSk;. fl;j;jpDNA Jz;LfSk; ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j epfH;r;rp _yf;TW xl;Ljy; ( Splicing )vdg;gLk;._yf;TW xl;Ljy; tpsithf fyg;g[ DNA (Hybrid DNA) my;yJ kWnrh;f;if DNA

(Recombinant DNA – rDNA) cUthfpwJ.

4.rDNA it Xk;g[aphpapy; brYj;Jjy;:kWnrh;f;if DNA v.nfhiy/ ngrpy;y! rg;oyp!;/ !;l;nug;nlhik!p!; rpw;wpdk; nghd;w

Xk;g[aphp bry;fspy; brYj;jg;gLfpwJ.

5.rDNA efy;fis cw;gj;jp bra;jy;ghf;Ohpah bry;fs; ,Urkgpst[ Kiwapy; gFg;gile;J may; DNA my;yJ tpUk;gpa

#Pd;fis bgUf;fkila bra;fpwJ.

6.khw;wkile;j bry;fis Ma;t[bra;J gphpj;jy;.,Wjpahf tobthj;j kWnrh;f;if DNA efy;fis cila gy Tl;likt[

ghf;Ohpa';fis cUthfpd;wd. ,k;Kiw _yf;TW efy; bgUf;fk; ( Molecular cloning)my;yJ #Pd; efy; bgUf;fk; vdg;gLk;.

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60. Td; FLit Ma;it tpthp1. nehf;fk; : behjpj;jy; epfH;tpid Td; Flit Ma;t[ _yk;

epUgpj;jy;2. njitahd fUtpfs; : Td; FLit/ buhl;o <!;l; fye;j

10 rjtPj FSf;nfh!; fiury;. jh';fp3. bra;Kiw : Td;FLitapy; buhl;o <!;l; fye;j 10 rjtPj

FSf;nfh!; fiuriy Kf;fhy; ghfk; vLj;Jf;bfhs;sntz;Lk;. rpwpJ neuk; brd;w gpd;dh; FSf;nfhrhdJbehjpf;fg;gLk;

4. fhz;gd : My;fAhfy; third tUfpwJ. br';Fj;jhdFHypy; fiurypd; kl;lk; Fiwe;jpUg;gJ g[yg;gLk;. ,Jbehjpj;jypd; nghJ cz;lhFk; CO2 tha[ nrfukhfp,fiuriy fPH;Kf,lg;bgah;rpf;F cs;shf;FfpwJ.

5. Mwptd : vdnt Td;Flit Ma;t[ _yk; behjpj;jy;tpid eilbgWfpwJ vd;gij mwpe;Jbfhz;lnld;.

61. Mf;rpdpd; thH;tpay; tpist[fs; Ie;jpid vGJf(i). jz;L Edp ePl;rpailfpwJ(ii). Edpbkhl;od; tsh;rpia kl;Lk; J]z;LfpwJ. Mdhy; gf;fthl;Lbkhl;Lfspd; tsh;r;rpia jilbra;fpwJ. ,J Kid Mjpf;fk;(m)Edp Mjpf;fk ;vdg;gLfpwJ.(iii). nfk;gpaj;jpy; bry;gFg;ig J]z;Ltjhy; jhtujpR tsh;g;g[ El;gj;jpy;gad;gLfpwJ.(iv). jpR tshg;gpy; ,jd; brwpt[ Fiwthf ,Ue;jhy; nth;cz;lhjiyJ]z;LfpwJ/ brwpt[ mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; mjpfhpj;jhy; nthpd;tsh;r;rpia jil bra;J jz;L cz;lhjiy J]z;LfpwJ.(v).,iyfs;/ kyh;fs;/ fdpfspd; Kd;Kjph;t[ kw;Wk; Kd; cjph;jiy jilbra;fpwJ.(vi) tpijapyh fdpshd ( fUt[whf;fdpfs; (m) ghh;j;jpndh fhh;gpf; fdpfs;)jf;fhsp/ Mg;gps; nghd;w fdpfis cw;gj;jp bra;fpwJ.(vii). 2,4-D xU fisf; bfhy;ypahFk;.

62. jhtu';fis mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy; gw;wp vGJf?

►xU ehl;oy; my;yJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpapy; ed;whf tsUk; gaph;fis ntWehl;ow;nfh my;yJ xnu ehl;oy; ntW gFjpf;nfh bfhz;L brd;W gaph;bra;tJ mwpKfg;gL;j;jyhFk;.

► fz;l';fSf;fpilna mwpKfk; bra;jy ;ehl;ow;Fs;ns/ khepy';fSf;fpilna khtl;l';fSf;fpilna mwpKfk;

bra;ag;gLfpwJ.v.fh.,e;jpahtpw;F mbkhpf;fhtpypUe;J kf;fhnrhsk;/ cUisf;fpH';F/ g[ifapiy /jf;fhspa[k;/ rPdhtpYe;J ngrpnahy!; K';nfh(cSe;J) mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.ek; cs;ehl;L jhtu';fis nkk;gLj;j/ gyjug;gl;l #Pd; gd;;g[fisf; bfhz;lgy;ntW ehLfspd; jhtu';fis mog;gilahff; bfhz;L tpUk;gpa gz;g[fiscs;ehl;L jhtu';fspy; cUthf;Ftnj mwpKfg;gLj;Jjypd; nehf;fkhFk;.

gphpt[ < (gj;J kjpg;bgz; nfs;tpfs;) 4 X 10=40

63. (m) bge;jk; - Apf;fh; tifghl;od; epiwfis vGJf(i). Ez;zpa neuo Ma;t[ bra;J tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sjhy; ek;gfj;jd;ik mjpfk;.(ii). ,aw;if Kiwapy; mike;j tifghL(iii) bjspthd/ KGikahd rhpahd tpsf;f';fs;/ gl';fs; kw;Wk; ,dk; fz;lwpa[k; rhtpfs;

(Key) cs;sJ.

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(iv). gpd;gw;w vspikadJ vdnt jhtu';fis ,dk; fz;lwpa jpwt[nfhyf gad;gLfpwJ.(v). Xust[ kug[tHp bfhs;ifia xj;Js;sJ.

v.fh. uhndy;!; Jiw Kjd;Kjy; mike;Js;sJ. ,J bjhd;ikahd JiwahFk;(vi) ,Utpj;jpiy tFg;gpw;F gpd;ng xUtpj;jpiy tFg;g[ mike;Js;sJ rhpna.(vii) fpa{ nghd;w cyfpd; gy bAg;nghpa';fspy; bge;jk; APf;fh; tifg;ghl;od;gona

jhtu';fs; thpirg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

63. ( M) %gpna!p FLk;gj;jpd; bghUshjhu gad;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf

1. g[Jzh;r;rp ghzj; jhtu';fs; :

fh~gpah muhgpf;fh fh~gpd ; vd;wMy;fhyhapL cs;sJ.

4. fl;ilj; jhtu';fs; :mildh fhh;o~nghypah (k";rf;flk;g[)bkhhpz;lh gpuhz;nlh!h (bts;is kle;ij)5. my';fhuhj; jhtu';fs; :fhh;odpah #h!;kpdha;l!;(nfg; ky;yp),;fn!huh fhf;!pdpah (rptg;g[,;f;n!huh(m),l;yp g{)kpa{!hz;lh gpuhz;nlh!h (bts;is kle;ij)

2. kUj;Jt jhtu';fs;:rpd;nfhdhmgprpdhyp!;kug;gl;ilapypUe;JFtpndhd ;(knyhpaht[f;F kUe;J)uhz;oah o';nlhhpah (g{r;rpbfhy;yp kUe;J)3. rhak; :%gpah o';nlhhpa (k";rl;o)my;yJ nklh; jhtuk; myprhpd ; kw;Wk; ghg;g[hpd; vd;w rhak; vLf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Xy;ld;nyz;oah mk;bgy;nyl;lhrptg;g[ rhak;bkhhpz;lh m';F!;onghypah k";rs; rhak;

64 kpa{rh ghuorpahfhtpid fiyr;brhw;fshy; tpthp ( glk; njitapy;iy)

1. tshpay;g[ bghpa mstpyhd nkhndhfhh;gpf; gy;yhz;L thGk; bro2. nth; ntw;wpl ry;yp nth;j; bjhFg;g[3. jz;L kpa{!htpd; cz;ikahd jz;L jiufPH; cs;s kl;lepyj;jz;L (iunrhk;)/ epyj;jpd; nky;

fhzg;gLk; nghypj; jz;lhdJ/ ciwnghd;w ,iymofs; ,ize;J cUthfpwJ.thiHj;jhtuj;jpd; eLtpYs;s ikamr;R/kl;lepyj;jz;oypUe;J tsh;e;J gpd; k";rhpcUthFk; nghJ ePz;L k";rhpia cUthf;FfpwJ ,jw;F ‘rhg;l;’ vd;W bgah;

4. ,iy jdpapiy/ ePz;l ,iyf; fhk;g[ld; Toa bghpa ,iyj;jhis cilaJ. RHy;,iyaikt[ rpwF ,izg;nghf;F euk;gikt[ cilaJ.

5. k";rhp fpisj;j !;ghof;!;6. kyh; g{tor; brjpYilait/ g{f;fhk;g[r; brjpyw;wit/ _t';fkyh;/ xUghy; kw;Wk;

,Ughy; kyh; jd;ika[ilait/ ( ghypnfk!; kyh;fs;) _t';f kyh;fs;/ ,Ugf;frkr;rPh;/ R{yffPH; kyh;/

7 ,Ughy;kyh;R{j;jpuk;

Br., Ebrl, % ,♀, P (5)+1 , A 3+3, G (3)

8 Br. g[tor; brjps; cs;sJ9 Brl. g{fhk;g[r; brjps; mw;wJ10. % ,Ugf;f rkr;rPh; bfhz;l kyh;11. ♀ ,Ughy; kyh;fs;12. P (5) +1 g{tpjH; bkhj;jk; 6/ mLf;fpw;F 3 tPjk; 2 mLf;Ffspy; mike;Js;sd.

btspmLf;fpy; 3 g{tpjH;fSk; cs; mLf;fpy; 2 g{tpjH;fSk; ,ize;J bjhL,jH; miktpy; 5 ,ize;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd. cs; tl;l nky;gf;f g{tpjH;jdpj;J cs;sJ ,jw;f nybgy;yk; vd;W bgah;.

13. A 3+3 kfue;jjhs; tl;lj;jpy; kfue;jjhs;fs; 6/ jdpj;jJ/ tl;lj;jpw;F _d;whf ,uz;Ltl;l';fspy; fhzg;gLk;. 6 y; 5 tskhdit/ 1 kyl;L kfue;jj;jhs;/<uiw cilait/ g{tpjH;fSf;F vjpuhdit.vz;zw;wit/

15.G (3)

R{yf tl;lj;jpy; R{y; jz;L ePz;lJ. R{ypiyfs; 3 ,ize;;jJ/ 3 R{yiwfs;bfhz;lit/ fPH;kl;l R{w;ig/ mr;R R{y; xl;LKiw.

16 fdp & tpij ePz;l bgh;hp - tpijfs; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy

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65..,U tpj;jpiy jhtu jz;Lf;Fk;/ xU tpj;jpijj;jhtu jz;Low;Fk; ,ilna cs;scs;sikg;g[ ntWghLfs; vGJf. ( fPH;fz;lthW VnjDk; xUtifapy; vGjyhk;)

t.vz;

gz;g[fs; ,U tpj;jpiy jhtujz;od; cs;sikg;g[

xU tpj;jpiy jhtujz;od; cs;sikg;g[

1. g[wj;njhy; J]tpfs; cs;sJ bghJthf ,y;iy2. iAnghblh;kp!; nfhyd;ifkhthy; MdJ !;fpspud;ifkhthy; MdJ3. jsj;jpR g[wzp/ mfj;njhy;/

bghpirf;fps;/ gpj;ntWghL cs;sJ ntWghL ,y;iy.

4 !;lhh;r; mLf;F cs;sJ ,y;iy5. bghpirf;fps; cs;sJ ,y;iy6. gpj; my;yJ bkLy;yh cs;sJ ,y;iy7. gpj; fjph;fs; (bkLy;yhp fjph;fs;) cs;sJ ,y;iy8. th!;Fyhh; fw;iwfspd; mikt[ tisa mikt[ rpjwpa mikt[9. th!;Fyhh; fw;iwapd; totk; Mg;g[ totk; kl;il XL totk;10. th!;Fyhh; fw;wifs; jpwe;jit (nfk;gpak; cs;sJ) _oait. (nfk;gpak; ,y;iy)11. fw;iw bjhg;gp fhzg;gLfpwJ fw;iw ciw fhzg;gLfpwJ.12. g[nuhl;nlhiry ,ilbtsp ,y;iy cs;sJ13. ,uz;lhk; tsh;r;rp fhzg;gLfpwJ fhzg;gLtjpy;iy

( my;yJ),U tpj;jpiy jhtu jz;od; cs;sikg;g[ xU tpj;jpiy jhtu jz;od; cs;sikg;g[

1. g[wj;njhy; J]tpfs; cs;sJ g[wj;njhy; J]tpfs; bghJthf ,y;iy2. iAnghblh;kp!; nfhyd;ifkhthy; MdJ iAnghblh;kp!; !;fpspud;ifkhthy; MdJ3. jsj;jpR g[wzp/ mfj;njhy;/ bghpirf;fps;/ gpj;

vd ntWghL cs;sJjsj;jpR g[wzp/ mfj;njhy;/ bghpirf;fps;/ gpj; vdntWghL ,y;iy.

4. !;lhh;r; mLf;F cs;sJ !;lhh;r; mLf;F ,y;iy5. bghpirf;fps; cs;sJ. bghpirf;fps; ,y;iy.6 th!;Fyhh; fw;iwfs; tisa mikt[ th!;Fyhh; fw;iwfs; rpjwpa mikt[7. th!;Fyhh; fw;iwfs; Mg;g[ totk; th!;Fyhh; fw;iwfs ; kdpj kz;il XL totk;8. th!;Fyhh; fw;iwfs; jpwe;jit th!;Fyhh; fw;iwfs; _oait.9. fw;iw bjhg;gp fhzg;gLfpwJ fw;iw ciw fhzg;gLfpwJ.10. g[nuhl;nlhiry ,ilbtsp ,y;iy g[nuhl;nlhiry ,ilbtsp cs;sJ11. gpj; cs;sJ gpj; ,y;iy12. gpj; fjph;fs; (bkLy;yhp fjph;fs;) cs;sJ gpj; fjph;fs; (bkLy;yhp fjph;fs;) cs;sJ13 ,uz;lhk; tsh;r;rp fhzg;gLfwpJ ,uz;lhk; tsh;r;rp fhzg;gLtjpy;iy66. Fnuhnkhnrhk; mikg;ig tpthpf;f

1. xU Fnuhnkhnrhk; xnu khjphp ,uz;L fu';fis bfhz;lJ,it Fnuhnkhl;ofs; vdg;gLk;. ,it rnfhjhpFnuhnkhl;oLfs ; vdg;gLk;.2. xt;bthU FnuhnkhnrhKk; ,uz;L RUf;f';fs; cs;sJ.mit(m) Kjd;ik RUf;fk ; - brd;nuhkpah; kw;Wk; ifdnlhnfhh;

Mfpait cs;sJ.(M) ,uz;lhk; RUf;fk ;. - ,jpypUe;J epa{f;spnahy!;

cUthfpwJ.3. ,uz;lhk; epiy RUf;fj;jpd; nky; cs;s EdpgFjprhl;oiyl ; vdg;gLk;.4. Fnuhnkhnrhkpd; cs;ns bghUs; Fnuhnkhl;od ; vdg;gLk;.,it g[uj';fs;/ DNA, RNA Ap!;nlhd; g[uj';fs; (H1 /H2 H2A/H2B /H3 /H4 ) kw;Wk; Ap!;nlhd; my;yhj g[ujg;bghUis

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bfhz;Ls;sJ. Ca++, Mg++ nghd;w cnyhf madpfs; cs;sd.5. Fnuhnkhnrhkpd; Edpg;gFjp Onyhkpah ; vd;g;gLk;. ,itFnuhnkhnrhkpd; epiyahd mikg;g[f;F fhuzkhFk;.

67. jpR tsh;g;gpd; gad;fis vGJfjhtu jpR tsh;g;gpd; gad;fs; :

1. jiH tHp my;yJ cly ,dg;bgUf;fk; (Ez;guty;) _yk; tzpf Kf;fpaJtk; tha;e;jjhtu';fis cw;gj;jpbra;ayhk;.

2. mHF jhtu';fis mjpf mstpy; cw;gj;jp bra;ayhk;.3. itu!; mw;w jhtu';fshd thiH nghd;w jhtu';fis cw;gj;jp bra;ayhk;.

4. clyfUf;fs; _yk; braw;if tpijfis(Artificial seeds) cw;ghj;jpbra;ayhk;.5. mjpfmst[,uz;lhk;tsh;rpijkhw;wbghUs;(lhdpd;/nyl;;l!;/My;fyha;Lfs;/gpshtdha;Lfs;

)cw;gj;jp bra;a[k; jhtu';fis cw;gj;jp bra;at[k;.6. kfue;jig/ kfue;jJ]s; tsh;g;gpd; _yk; xw;iw ika jhtu';fSk ; vz;nlh!;nghh;fs;

tsh;gpd; _yk; Kk;ika jhtu';fSk; nkYk ; fUt[whf; fzpfs; cw;gj;jp bra;agad;gLfpwJ.

7. tpijfspy; fhdg;gLk; jd; kyl;Lj;jd;ik/ tpija[wf;fk; kw;Wk; fUr;rpijt[ Mfpaitfs;tpijKisj;jiy jilbra;fpd;wd/ vdnt nkw;fz;l Fiwfis ePf;fyhk;.

8. may; #Pd;fis g[Fj;jg;gl;l jhtutiffis cz;lhf;fp mjid tsh;f;fyhk;.9. g[nuhl;nlhgpshr ,idtpd ; _yk; J]u cwt[bfhz;l jhtu';fs;/ xt;thj jhtu';fspd;

#Pndhk;fs; ,izj;J cly tHp fyg;gpd';fis cz;lhf;fyhk;.(#Pd; khw;wkile;jjhtu';fs;)cjudkhf cUisfpH';F kw;Wk; jf;fhsp Mfpa jhtu';fspd; g[nuhl;nlhgpshr ,idtpd;

_yk; bghnkhl;nlh (POMATO) vd;w g[jpa tif jhtu';fis cUthf;fg;gl;s;sd.10.jhtu clw; braypay; Ma;t[fs ; : caph;ntjpapay;/ bry;RHw;rp/tsh;rpij khw;wk;/ Cl;lk;/g[wj;njhw;wkhf;fk;/ tsh;r;rpailjy; nghd;wtw;iw Ma;t[bra;at[k; gad;gLfpwJ

68. xspr;nrh;f;ifiag; ghjpf;Fk; fhuzpfis tpthp

69. C2 RHw;rpia tpthp ( xsp Rthrk;) ( tiuglk; my;yJ tpsf;fk;)

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70. bey; kw;Wk; epyf;fliyapd; bghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jt';fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

27. bey;ypd; bghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijvGJf

28. epyf;fliyapd; bghUshjuuKf;fpaj;Jtj;ij vGJf

1. czt[j; jhtuk; - bey; ( xiurhrilth) nghnarp FLk;gk;. tiffs; : IR 8,bghd;dp/ fz;zfp/ fhnthp/ f';fh/gad;fs;1.mhprp bghwp czthft[k;2.mty; czthft[k;3.rhnf vDk; rhuhak; (#g;ghdpy;)4. jtpL kw;Wk; itf;nfhy; (fhy;eiljPtdk;)5. jtpl;L vz;bza; rikaYf;F6.jtpl;L bkGF7. bey; ckp br';fy; R{iyapy;vhpbghUshf;8.; ml;ilfs;/ bjhg;gpfs;/ fapW/ gha;fs;tPl;od; Tiu bra;at[k; gad;gLfpwJ.

2. vz;bza;j; jhtuk; (epyf;fliy)Muhfp!; iAg;ngh#pah (~ngngrp)

gad;fs;:1. rikay; vz;bza;2. gUg;ghf rikaYf;F3. fliy kht[4. tpsf;nfw;w/ cat[ vz;bza;ahf5. nrhg;g[ jahhpf;f6. gp;z;zhf;f fhy;eil jPtdkhf/7. fliy bro ey;y jPtdkhf gad;gLfpwJ

tpil Fwpg;g[ jahhpg;g[:-

T.VENKATESH KUMAR , M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., PGDMLT., PGDCA ., PGDBI.,

P.G.TEACHER IN BOTANY & NCC OFFICER.,V.M.GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL(BOYS).,

PERIYAKULAM – 625 601. THENI DIST.MOBIL NO. 9894925571 / Email.

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