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Glucose storage Animals- glycogen Plants- cellulose (cell wall) Water- universal solvent Photosynthesis- locations in cell, what goes into where Light reactions Dark reactions Cell communication & specialization

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1. Why do cells and blood need buffers? A. to maintain a constant internal environment at a pH of 10 B. to minimize the changes in pH of the internal environment in order to maintain homeostasis C. to function properly in an extremely basic internal environment D. to function properly in an extremely acidic internal environment 2. A very strong base might have a pH of ___. A. 3B. 5C. 9D. 13

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Warm-up pH review Notes Biomolecules table Organic Molecules mini-poster Clean-up Cool-down Quiz on Organic Molecules & Enzymes Tuesday!!

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A, B, or N?? 1. 42. 103. 74. 14 Pick the stronger acid or base. 5. 9 or 136. 4 or 37. 14 or 11 Pick the weaker acid or base. 8. 1 or 59. 8 or 1010. 4 or 3 11. Name 2 acidic solutions. 12. Name 2 basic solutions. 13. Name 2 neutral solutions.

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Guided Notes 4

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Carbon has four valence electrons, which means it can form four bonds It can even bond with itself This allows carbon to form long chains to form bigger compounds

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Carbon is a very flexible element-it can even form rings Carbon can form small molecules- called monomers- and these monomers join together to form larger molecules called polymers

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There are four groups of organic molecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids

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Make up: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C,H, O) Use: structure and energy Examples: starches, cellulose, glycogen, and sugars-glucose, fructose, galactose Simple sugars-monosaccharides Complex sugars-polysaccharides Storing glucose in the body Animals- glycogen Plants- cellulose (cell wall)

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Carbohydrates = sugar Glucose Fructose Sucrose -OSE = SUGAR = CARB

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Make up: Carbon and Hydrogen (C, H) Uses: store energy, part of membranes water proof covering Important: Lipids are not soluble in water. They are also made up of a glycerol and three fatty acids Examples: fats, oils, and waxes

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Fatty Acid Glycerol Fatty Acid Glycerol

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Make up: nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) (N, C, H, O) Use: transport substances, form bones and muscles, speed up reactions Important: Proteins are made up of chains (polymer) of amino acids (monomers) Example: enzymes & hemoglobin & insulin

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Amino Acid

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Make up: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus (H, O, N, C, P) Use: store and transmit genetic information Examples: DNA/RNA Important: Nucleic acids are polymers made up of nucleotides (monomers) Nucleotides-5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

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Nucleotide

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What are the four organic molecules?

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Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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Which organic molecules are used for energy?

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Carbohydrates and lipids

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What monomers are nucleic acids made of?

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nucleotides

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What monomers are proteins made of?

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Amino acids

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Which element do all the organic molecules have in common?

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Carbon

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Wax and oil are classified as which organic molecule?

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Lipids

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Divide your paper into 4. In each square, draw/write 1. Name: (Lipid, protein, nucleic acid, and carbohydrate) 2. Monomer: 3. Function/Job: 4. 2 examples: 5. Picture: 6. Any extra info from your notes/book Ch 2, pg 34-37 in the Holt book for extra info.

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On your notecard, answer the following questions without using your notes. 1. What are the two organic molecules used to store energy? Give an example of each. 2. What are the subunits of nucleic acids?

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1. What are the basic building blocks of proteins? A. Nucleic acidsB. Peptide bonds C. Amino acidsD. Glycerol & fatty acids 2. Which of the following compounds may be polymers? A. CarbohydratesB. Nucleic acids C. ProteinD. All of the above

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Warm-up Notes Biomolecules worksheet Demos / Video Stations Organic Molecules Poster (contd.) Clean-up Quiz on Organic Molecules & Enzymes Tuesday!!

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Guided Notes 5

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Indicator tests are used to test unknown substances for the presence of organic macromolecules (proteins, lipids, starch, and the monomer glucose).

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When added, Biurets solution turns purple in the presence of protein.

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Brown paper turns translucent (light passes through) in the presence of lipids

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Iodine turns dark blue- black in the presence of starch.

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Benedicts solution plus heat turns orange in presence of simple sugars