© goodheart-willcox co., inc. permission granted to reproduce for educational use only #1...

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

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PublisherThe Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.Tinley Park, Illinois


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Chapter 1

The World of Architecture


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Chapter 1 Overview• Introduction• People and Their Structures

– Cape Colonials.– New England Gambrel.– Garrison.– Salt Box.– Southern Colonial.

(continued)


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Chapter 1 Overview• Contemporary Structures

– Contemporary style.– Ranch design.

• Trends in Architecture• Multifamily Housing

– Cooperatives.– Condominiums.– Rental apartments.

• The Americans with Disabilities Act


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Learning Objectives

• Identify the historical influences that helped shape today’s home designs.

• Recognize and describe the elements of contemporary dwellings.

• Discuss current trends and influences in architecture.

• Identify types of multifamily housing.


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Introduction

• The study of architecture encompasses:– A sensitivity to design.– Skill in drawing techniques.– A knowledge of materials.

• One of the major achievements of humankind is to design structures that bring lasting beauty.

• Good architecture is a rewarding experience for those who view it.

(continued)


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Introduction

• Some structures are designed for commercial and industrial use; others are planned for private living.

• The emphasis of this course is on the design, architecture, and study of residential structures.


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Modern Residential Structure

• This computer-generated rendering shows a contemporary home that makes a strong statement through its interesting roof and prominent architectural lines.

(Helmuth Geiser, Member AIBD)


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Multifamily Dwelling

• This multifamily dwelling is reminiscent of an earlier architectural style.


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People and Their Structures

• Over the years, several architectural styles have been developed for house construction.

• Some structures were developed for a particular climate or family needs.

• Others were planned especially for luxurious living.

(continued)


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• This large, expensive home was designed for luxurious living with accommodations for an occasionally harsh environment.


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• Previous styles influence the design of today’s homes.

• Some house styles took on names related to their shape, period of time, or area of the country where they were built.

• Some of these design qualities are imitated in modern homes.


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Cape Colonials

• The Cape Colonials were developed over 200 years ago.– Cape Cod and Cape Ann.

• These traditional homes have influenced structural design ever since.

• People have enjoyed their aesthetic appeal and the comfortable, livable atmosphere they provide.


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Cape Cod Colonial

• The Cape Cod is one of the earliest and best known of the traditional Colonial styles.

• It was a fairly small house with a steep roof and little overhang.

• A chimney served the necessary room fireplaces.

• They were normally built as one- or one-and-one-half-story buildings.

(continued)


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Cape Cod Colonial

• Eaves line is near the top of the windows ending with a gable roof.

• Narrow trim lines and siding painted white or yellow.

• Shutters were generally used.• Many variations of the Cape Cod are

used in today’s structures.


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Cape Cod Colonial

• This is a refined version of the traditional Cape Cod style.


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Cape Ann Colonial

• The Cape Ann is the other Colonial style that is used in modern construction.

• The chimney is centrally located and usually large.

• Tapering gambrel roof encloses an attic that is often converted to extra rooms.

(continued)


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Cape Ann Colonial

• Provides a house with simple lines, sound construction, and a colonial atmosphere.

• A good choice as a first home for a young growing family.

• Particularly attractive along a tree-shaded avenue or on a wooded lot.


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Cape Ann Colonial

(Western Wood Products Association)


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New England Gambrel

• The New England Gambrel is a variation of other colonial styles.

• Features the gambrel roof with a pitch change between the ridge and eaves.

• Inherently American and is used in most every section of the country.

• An advantage is the extra headroom and more usable space.

(continued)


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New England Gambrel

• The shorter rafter lengths can result in lower cost.

• There are many adaptations of this architectural style.

• Provides a pleasing and enduring home for today’s families.


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New England Gambrel


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Garrison• The Garrison is a traditional style house.• Distinctive Features:

– Overhanging second story.– Separate corner posts on each floor.– Economical framing.– Extra space on second floor provided by

the overhang.– Steep pitch roof adds attic space.– Narrow siding and traditional styling.


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Garrison



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Salt Box

• The Salt Box is an interesting and easily recognized Colonial style.

• Descendant of the Colonial half house.• Long roofline gently slopes from the

ridge to the eaves.• The Salt Box gets its name from the

shape of boxes found in Colonial stores.• Accommodates “lean-to” structures to

add more living space.


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Salt Box



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Southern Colonial

• The Southern Colonial is the most gracious of all the Colonials.

• Its style reflects the quaintness, warmth, and hospitality of the Old South.

• The outstanding architectural features include:– Front colonnade and giant portico.– Usually massive with upper and lower

balconies.(continued)


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Southern Colonial

– Three-story chimneys for bedroom fireplaces.

– Ornate woodwork and iron trim.– Roof over the driveway at the side

entrance.• Many of the features of the Southern

Colonial may be adapted to create aesthetically pleasing qualities in new homes.


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Southern Colonial


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Contemporary Structures

• Influences of the past have had a profound effect on new home design.

• However, new materials, appliances, and modes of living have encouraged new architectural styles.

• The contemporary style of home has evolved from all of these inputs.


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Contemporary Style

• Multiple materials, coordinated lines, and intricate details give an architectural flair to this contemporary style home.

(Photo Courtesy of James Hardie® Siding Products)


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Contemporary Style

• Unique styling is featured in this contemporary residence. Notice the strong vertical lines and bold use of curved glass block.


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Contemporary Style

• This house represents a particular style of living and individuality through the unique treatment of space.


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Contemporary Style

• This attractive home makes use of wood siding with a natural finish combined with large areas of glass.

(AGS&R Studios)


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Contemporary Style

• This home is designed for minimal maintenance through the use of vinyl siding and trim.

(Norandex/Reynolds Building Products)


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Contemporary Style

• Visible roof supports are part of a dominant design element in this house.

(Cultured Stone by Stucco Products, Inc.)


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Ranch Design

• The ranch design is a very popular architectural style.

• It is a long, low, one-story house style that was first built by ranchers in the southwestern US.

• Traditionally built on a concrete slab with no basement.

(continued)


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Ranch Design

• This rendering is of a ranch-style home with Spanish design influences.

(Ken Hawk)


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Ranch Design

• Over the years, ranch homes have taken on many new features.– One- or two-car attached garages and

basements have been added.– Some ranch style homes have an L-shape

layout to add interest.– Skylights and cathedral ceilings are also

found in modern ranch homes.


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Ranch Design

• This thoroughly modern ranch home exhibits architectural detail designed to set it apart from traditional ranch homes.

(Arthur Rutenberg Homes, Inc.)


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Ranch Design

• This home contains the basic elements of the ranch style, yet incorporates many contemporary architectural details.


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Trends in Architecture

• Today’s architect has a freedom of design seldom known in the past.

• Some homes are designed for stately or dramatic effects.

• Others are styled for particular settings such hillsides, seashores, or cliffs.


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• The stately appearance of this two-story home is achieved with the use of various building materials and interesting designs.



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• The complex layout of this home creates a dramatic effect.


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• This residence was designed for a seashore setting.


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• The roof design, use of glass, and structural materials of this residence are particularly suited for the arid climate.

(Cultured Stone by Stucco Stone Products, Inc.)


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• Trends in architecture appear to moving toward dramatic, yet comfortable, living styles.

• Homes are being developed that complement the site, provide a feeling of openness, and retain privacy.

(continued)


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• Attention to detail in every aspect of this home blended with a sense of unity produces a superb family residence.


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• This house, reminiscent of traditional architectural design, fits comfortably on a small city lot.


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• A current trend in architectural design that is receiving strong support is called postmodern architecture.– This “style” combines traditional and

contemporary influences that are strongly reminiscent of popular styles of the past.

– However, modern materials and building techniques are used.

(continued)


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• An example of postmodern architecture that combines traditional and contemporary influences.

(Armstrong World Industries, Inc.)


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• A postmodern structure strongly reminiscent of the Georgian era.



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• Another trend in residential architecture is the renovation of older homes.

• Many older homes are structurally solid and may be restored to their original beauty.

• With the addition of new systems and appliances, these homes can be very functional today.

(continued)


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• A restored Victorian home that maintains the strong design influence of the past.


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• Elements of Victorian architecture, as shown in this restored structure, still show elegance today.



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• An older home before renovation.



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• An older home after renovation.(Norandex/Reynolds Building Products)


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• Experimentation with new materials and design concepts continues to produce radically new structures.

• Earth-protected homes and dome homes are two categories.– Earth-protected homes use earth to

provide insulation.– Dome homes use triangular sections to

enclose a large interior space.


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• Earth-protected homes require particular site characteristics to be successful.

(Jeff Burgin Builders)


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• This dome home is constructed from triangular sections assembled on-site to produce the roof and walls of the structure.

(Linda Lindeman)


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Multifamily Housing

• Some types of housing accommodate more than one family unit and are called multifamily housing.

• Examples of multifamily housing include:– Cooperatives.– Condominiums.– Rental apartments.


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Cooperatives

• Refers to a type of ownership.

• Apartment ownership.• Run as a corporation.• Buyer purchases

stock.• Monthly fee.



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Condominiums

• Refers to a type of ownership.• Owner receives a deed.• Joint interest in shared property.• Variety of building types available.



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Rental Apartments

• Most common type of rental.• Advantages:

– Variety.– Conveniences.– Availability.

• Disadvantages:– No control.– No equity.– High turnover.


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Americans with Disabilities Act• The Americans with Disabilities Act

(ADA) became law on July 26, 1990.• Discrimination against disabled persons

is illegal in:– Employment.– Public and private transportation.– Access to public and commercial buildings.

• The ADA is not a building code, but a civil rights statute.

(continued)


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Americans with Disabilities Act• Title III covers public accommodations.

– These include hotels and motels, restaurants and bars, theaters, shopping centers, professional offices, etc.

• Establishments affected by the ADA may be required to remove architectural and communication barriers by:– Installing ramps and curb cuts, widening

doors, installing raised toilet seats, etc.


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Glossary• Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

A law that makes it illegal to discriminate against disabled persons in the area of employment, transportation, and access to buildings.

• Apartment.

A rental unit that is a part of a larger complex.• Cape Ann.

An early Colonial house with a central chimney, gambrel roof, and attic rooms.

• Cape Cod.

One of the earliest and best known of the traditional Colonial styles.


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Glossary• Condominium.

Dwelling where owner buys an apartment and a share of the common ground.

• Contemporary (Modern).

Modern styles not directly related to the styles of the past.

• Cooperative.

An apartment building that is managed and run as a corporation.

• Garrison.

A house style that has a distinguishing overhanging second story and narrow siding.


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Glossary• New England Gambrel.

Colonial style that includes a gambrel roof with pitch change between the ridge and eaves.

• Postmodern Architecture.

Combines traditional and contemporary influences.• Ranch.

A long, low, one-story house that developed from the homes built by ranchers in the southwestern US.

• Salt Box.

A Colonial style house patterned after early cracker, coffee, tea, and salt boxes.


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Glossary• Southern Colonial.

The largest and most gracious of all the Colonial styles, it features a front colonnade and giant portico.

© goodheart-willcox co., inc. permission granted to reproduce for educational use only #1...

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