government economics geography history culture
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Some governments are defined by their political structure. Two broad types: Unlimited- where the rulers do what they want. Totalitarian Dictatorship Limited- Everyone, even the rulers, obey the laws. Democracy Republic Monarchy Theocracy, Oligarchy, etc.TRANSCRIPT
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THE 5 THEMES OF SOCIAL STUDIES Government Economics Geography History Culture
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5 THEMES OF SOCIAL STUDIESA government is when the people and/or
groups within a society makes the laws, sees that the laws are followed, and it settles disagreements about the laws.
Sound familiar?
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GOVERNMENT Some governments are defined by their
political structure. Two broad types: Unlimited- where the rulers do what they want.
Totalitarian Dictatorship
Limited- Everyone, even the rulers, obey the laws.
Democracy Republic Monarchy Theocracy, Oligarchy, etc.
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Some governments are defined by their economy. Capitalism Communism Socialism
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What do you have with no government?
Anarchy Anarchy is a situation where there is no
government. This can happen after a civil war in a country, when a government has been destroyed and rival groups are fighting to take its place.
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POWER DISTRIBUTIONThere are 3 main types of government
that differ in how they distribute power:
1. Unitary Government2. Federal Government3. Confederate Government
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UNITARY GOVERNMENT The constitution gives sole power to
the central government
Central government has the power to give or take powers from regional governments.
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FEDERAL GOVERNMENT The constitution splits the power
between the central government and regional governments
Certain duties are allocated to each level of government
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CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT Constitution gives power to regional
governments
Central government is very weak
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DICTATORSHIP Rule by a single leader who has not
been elected and may use force to keep control. In a military dictatorship, the army is in control. Usually, there is little or no attention to public opinion or individual rights.
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TOTALITARIAN Rule by a single political party.
People are forced to do what the government tells them and may also be prevented from leaving the country
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THEOCRACY A form of government where the rulers
claim to be ruling on behalf of a set of religious ideas, or as direct agents of a deity.
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MONARCHY A monarchy has a king or queen, who
sometimes has absolute power. Power is passed along through the family.
Most Monarchies today are known as a Parliamentary Monarchy.
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Parliamentary Monarchy- the King or Queen acts as the Head of State but has only the power in the government given to them by the constitution of that country.
In the old days they had all control, like a dictator.
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PARLIAMENTARY A parliamentary system is led by
representatives of the people. Each is chosen as a member of a political party and remains in power as long as his/her party does
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REPUBLIC A republic is led by representatives of
the voters. Each is individually chosen for a set period of time.
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OLIGARCHY/PLUTOCRACY A form of government which consists of
rule by an elite group who rule in their own interests, especially the accumulation of wealth and privilege. Only certain members of society have a valid voice in the government. This can reflect (but is not limited to) economic interests, a particular religious tradition (theocracy), or familial rule (monarchy).
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REPUBLIC A republic is led by representatives of
the voters. Each is individually chosen for a set period of time.
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DEMOCRACY In a democracy, the government is
elected by the people. Everyone who is eligible to vote - which is a majority of the population - has a chance to have their say over who runs the country.
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Democracy and Republic are often taken as one of the same thing, but there is a fundamental difference.
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While in both cases the government is elected by the people, in Democracy the majority rules according to their whims, while in the Republic the Government rule according to law. This law is framed in the Constitution to limit the power of Government and ensuring some rights and protection to minorities and individuals.
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OUR GOVERNMENT Structure Who represents us?
President and his Cabinet US Senate US House of Representatives Georgia State Leaders and Representatives
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ECONOMICS - HOW PEOPLE PRODUCE, DISTRIBUTE, AND CONSUME THINGS
Producing pizzaDistributing
pizza Consuming pizza
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PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS
1. Scarcity
2. Opportunity Cost
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SCARCITY
Scarcity- unlimited wants of people and only limited resources.
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OPPORTUNITY COST
Opportunity Cost – (trade-off) satisfying 1 want= giving up
opportunity to satisfy other wants.
Buy Pizza O
RSave for a CD
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3 BASIC ECONOMIC QUESTIONS
1. WHAT to produce?
2. HOW to produce it?
3. WHO will get is?
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ECONOMIC SYSTEM= THE METHOD A SOCIETY USES TO ANSWER THE 3 BASIC ECONOMIC QUESTIONS
NAME OF ECONOMY HOW IT ANSWERS THE 2 BASIC ECON QUESTIONS
Traditional Uses tradition/ same job as ancestors
Command Government/ Central Leader
Free Market Producers/ Consumers
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PRODUCER- PERSON OR BUSINESS THAT SUPPLIES GOODS/SERVICES TO MAKE A PROFIT.
Profit- the difference between the producers cost and the selling price
Production- the act of making and providing goods/services
Bill Gates
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Goods- any item that people make and use (ex. Toys, food, clothes, cars)
Services- things that people do for others (ex. Doctor, teacher)
Consumer- people and businesses that use goods/services to satisfy needs and wantsConsumption- the act of using goods/services
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How are prices determined?
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LAW OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND Supply = the amount of
goods/services that producers make.
Demand = the amount of goods/services consumers are willing to buy.
Demand
Supply
=Price increase
Supply
Demand = Price decrease
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FACTORS OF PRODUCTION- THINGS NEEDED TO PRODUCE GOODS/SERVICES
1. Natural Resources- Minerals, water, plants, soil, etc.
2. Human Resources- Talents, skills, knowledge, etc.
3. Capital Resources- machines, tools, etc.
4. Entrepreneurship- owners/managers of businesses bring FOP together.
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WORLD ECONOMY Interdependent- nations depend on trade
with one another for goods/services
Exports- goods sold from US to other countries
Imports- goods from other countries to US.
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WHY DO NATIONS TRADE?1. Cannot produce everything they need within
their country
2. Some countries have different location, climate, natural resources=produce certain goods at lower cost.
3. Specializing=nations put money, resources, and labor into making the things they are most efficient at producing.
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GDP (Gross Domestic Product) – the total value of the goods and services produced in a country during a given time period.
A measure of the size of a country’s economy “Per capita” = per person High GDP = more efficient economy (good),
usually a higher standard of living for the citizens
When countries invest in their human and capital resources, it helps their GDP
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Trade Barrier – any law or practice that a government uses to limit free trade between countries
Initially used to raise money and protect American products from foreign competition
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Tariff – a fee charged for goods or services brought into a country
Quota – a limit on the amount of product that may be imported during a given time
Embargo – Restrictions placed on imports or exports of certain goods Sometimes used by a country to show it
does not approve of another country’s policies
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Shall we talk about international trade now or later?
Now Later