HPD 4C Working with School age Children and Adolescents – Mrs. Filinov

1. Incidental Learning unplanned learning – it just happens accidentally

2. Trial-and-Error Learning they try several solutions before finding one that works

3. Imitation Learning by watching and copying others

4. Directed Learning learning that results from being taught

Guidance and Discipline Play activities

Definitions:

Guidance - the act or function of providing leadership and direction on how to make wise decisions.

Discipline – training that corrects, molds, and perfects ones actions.

GUIDANCE

Children need guidance to help them learn acceptable behavior

COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

•MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT

•KEEP MESSAGES SIMPLE AND BRIEF

•SPEAK IN A RELAXED VOICE

•REINFORCE WORDS WITH ACTIONS WHEN NECESSARY

•USE POSITIVE STATEMENTS – WHAT TO DO INSTEAD OF WHAT NOT TO DO

•ANSWER QUESTIONS BRIEFLY AND TRUTHFULLY – IN A MANNER APPROPRIATE FOR THEIR LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING

MODELING – model the behavior that you expect and set a good example

SET LIMITS – reasonable and appropriate for the child’s age

BE CONSISTENT USE POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT – reward

positive behavior with attention and praise; ignore undesirable behavior if possible

REDIRECT – focus the child’s attention on something else – an appealing substitute

PROMPTING – questions may “prompt” children to exhibit desired behavior

Example: “What are you supposed to do when you are finished painting?”

When misbehavior occurs,

CONSEQUENCES may become necessary. If well-being is not at risk, consequences are a good deterrent.

LOGICAL CONSEQUENCES

•Relate to the misbehavior

• Ex: throwing blocks - put them up

•Time out Ex: move away from others for a short period of time if behavior cannot

be ignored

(2 minutes per year of age is suggested)NEVER WITHHOLD LOVE – children need to always feel love regardless of their behavior

GIVE HELP ONLY WHEN CHILDREN NEED IT

WAIT FOR THEM TO COMPLETE SOMETHING AND THEN PRAISE THEM FOR THEIR EFFORTS

TEACH DECISION-MAKING BY ALLOWING CHILDREN TO MAKE CHOICES ONLY OFFER A CHOICE IF IT REALLY IS A CHOICE OFFER TWO EQUALLY ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVES

ALLOW THEM TO SOLVE THEIR OWN PROBLEMS (IF POSSIBLE)

SHOW THEM THEY MUST ACCEPT THE CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR DECISION

ENCOURAGE CHILDREN TO CARE FOR THEIR OWN THINGS

They experiment to see how things work They use their imaginations and try new ideas They experience different sights, sounds, textures,

smells and tastes They learn number concepts They learn size and shape relationships Creative thinking Physically they learn to control small and large muscles Socially they learn to play together, and take turns Learn to follow rules and act fairly toward others

Children learn through their play activities

Solitary Play: This is when the child plays alone. All children like solitary play at times

Parallel Play: This is when the child plays beside another child without interacting. The child will observe the other children and often imitate what they do. Children enjoy parallel play.

Imitative Play: This is when the child and another child copy each other. One child starts to jump and soon they are all jumping. Or you are folding clothes and your child tries to do the same.

Social Bids: This is the first step toward having fun with others. Well before the age of 24 months, the child will offer toys, looks, or words to other children. It’s your child’s way of communicating.

Co‑operative Play: As child gets older, she or he will start to play with other children. The child might help to build a block village or take stuffed animals to the doctor. Many children are not ready for this kind of play until they are 36 months of age or older.

Read to children

Art Activities

Music Activities

Television and Videos

Toys

Help children grow physically, emotionally, socially and intellectually

Should be chosen to stimulate but not overstimulate

Consider the interests of the child Consider safety when selecting toys - AVOID

Small parts, sharp points and edges Long cords or strings Flammable materials and toxic paints Nonwashable dolls and stuffed animals Toys that fall apart easily

Select age-appropriate toys

Age-Appropriate Toys