Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

ix

xi

1 Gustav Fechner, the Day View, and the Origins of Psychophysics 1

2 From Sonically Moving Forms to Inaudible Undertones: The New

Musical Aesthetics of A. B. Marx, Eduard Hanslick, and

Hugo Riemann

3 Sound Materialized and Music Reconciled:

Hermann Helmholtz

4 The Aesthetics of Attention: Ernst Mach's Accommodation

Experiments, His Psychophysical Musical Aesthetics, and His

Friendship with Eduard Kulke

5 The Bias of Musikbewusstsein When listening in the

laboratory, on the City Streets, and in the Field

Coda

Appendix: Musical Terms and Musical Notation

Notes

References

Index

23

55

89

123

149

155

157 207 225

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IX

INTRODUCTION TO VIRTUAL KNOWLEDGE

SALLY WYATT, ANDREA SCHARNHORST, ANNE BEAULlEU, AND PAUL WOUTERS

AUTHORI1Y AND EXPERTISE IN NEW SITES OF KNOWLEDGE

PRODUCTION 25

ANNE BEAULlEU, SARAH DE RI..JCKE, AND BAS VAN HEUR

2 WORKING IN VIRTUAL KNOWLEDGE: AFFECTIVE LABOR IN

SCHOLARL Y COLLABORATION 57

SMIWANA ANTONI..JEVlé, STEFAN DORMANS, AND SALLY WYATT

3 EXPLORING UNCERTAIN1Y IN KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATIONS:

CLASSIFICATIONS, SIMULATIONS, AND MODELS OF THE WORLD 89

MATTHI..JS KOUW, CHARLES VAN DEN HEUVEL, AND ANDREA SCHARNHORST

4 VIRTUALLY VISUAL: THE VISUAL RHETORIC OF GEOGRAPHIC INFOR-

MATION SYSTEMS IN POLlCY MAKING I 27

REBECCA MOODY, MATTHI..JS KOUW, AND VICTOR BEKKERS

5 SLOPPY DATA FLOODS OR PRECISE SOCIAL SCIENCE METHODOLO­

GIES? DILEMMAS IN THE TRANSITION TO DATA-INTENSIVE RESEARCH IN

SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS 151

CLEMENT LEVALLOIS, STEPHANIE STEINMETZ, AND PAUL WOUTERS

VIII CONTENTS

6 BEYOND OPEN ACCESS: A FRAMEWORK FOR OPENNESS IN

SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION I 83

CLlFFORD TATUM AND NICHOLAS W . .JANKOWSKI

7 VIRTUAL KNOWLEDGE IN FAMILY HISTORY: VISIONARY TECHNOLO­

GIES. RESEARCH DREAMS. AND RESEARCH AGENDAS 2 19

.JAN KOK AND PAUL WOUTERS

ABOUTTHE AUTHORS 251

INDEX 255

Contents

Acknowledgments vii

Introduction

Usa Gitelman and Virginia Jackson

Color Plates

Danie/ Rosenberg, Thomas Augst, Ann Fabian, Jimena Canales, Usa l:rnch, Usa Gite/man,

Paul E. Ceruzzi, Lev Manovich, Jerem)' Douglass, William Huber, and Vikas Mou/i

1 Data before the Fact

Daniel Rosenberg

15

2 Procrustean Marxism and Subjective Rigor: Early Modern Arithmetic and Its

Readers 41

Travis D. Williams

3 From Measuring Desire to Quantifying Expectations: A Late Nineteenth-

Century Effort to Marry Economic Theory and Data 61

Kevin R. Brine and Mal)' Poove)'

4 Where Is That Moon, Anyway? The Problem of Interpreting Historical Solar

5

Eclipse Observations 77

Matthew Stanlo/

"facts and FACTS": Abolitionists' Database Innovations

Ellen Gruber Garve)'

89

vi Contents

6

7

8

Paper as Passion: Niklas Luhmann and His Card Index

Markus Krajewski

Dataveillance and Countervailance

Rita RaJey

121

Data Bite Man: The Work of Sustaining a Long-Term Study

David Ribes and Steven J. jackson

Data Flakes: An Afterword to "Raw Data" 1s an Oxymoron 167

Ge~rey C. Bowker

List of Contributors 173

Index 179

to3

147

Contents

Series Foreword ix

Acknowledgments xi

Introduction: Prelude to the Movements of Networks

looping

1 Networked Diagrammatism: From Map and Model to the Internet as

Mechanogram 19

2 Welcome to Google Earth: Networks, World Making, and Collective

Experience 45

3 Data Undermining: Data Relationality and Networked Experience 73

Refraining

4 Going Viral: Contagion as Networked Aftect, Networked Refrain 99

5 Nerves of Data: Contemporary Conjunctions of Networks and Brains 125

Synthesizing

6 Toward Syn-aesthetics: Thinking Synthesis as Relational Mosaic in Digital

Audiovisuality 153

7 The Thingness of Networks: Invasion of Pervasiveness versus Concatenated

Contraptions 175

Notes 197

Bibliography 21 3

Index 233

Contents

I. Introduction: The Mind, the Computer, and the Alternatives, I

I.I The Mind as Computer, I I.2 Alternatives: The Varieties of Situated Cognition, 3 I. 3 Looking Ahead, 7 I.4 Strategy and Methods, 8 I.5 The Book's Conclusions, 12

Part I: The Thinking Organism

2. Principles ofDemarcation, 15 2.1 The Challenge ofDemarcation, 16

2.2 Extension·Friendly Principles of Demarcation, 19 2.3 The Parity Principle, 29

2-4 Conclusion, 35

3. Cognitive Systems and Demarcation, 37 3-I The Success of Cognitive Psychology, 38 3.2 The Systems-Based View, 41 3.3 Two Arguments against the Extended View, 44 3.4 Extension-Friendly Rejoinders, 47 3·5 The No-SelfView, 50

4. Realization and Extended Cognition, 59 4.1 The Argument from Empirical Success and Methodology,

Restated, 59

xii CONTENTS

4.2 Extended Cognition and Realization, 61 4.3 Functionalism and the Causal Constraint on Realization, 63 4.4 The Argument from Causal Interaction, 68 4.5 Wide Realization, Total Realization, and Causal Powers, 76 4.6 Cleaning Up, 82

Part II: Arguments for the Extended View

5. Functionalism and Natural Kinds, 89 5-I The Functionalist Argument, 89 5.2 The Natural-Kinds Argument, 96 5.3 The Empirical Response, 99 5.4 The Pragmatic Turn, 105

6. Developmental Systems Theory and the Scaffolding ofLanguage, 109 6.1 Causal Spread and Complementary Role, IlO

6.2 A Case ofNontrivial Causal Spread: Developmental Systems Theory, Il3

6.3 The Most Powerful Transformation: Language-Learning, Il8

7. Dynamical Systems Theory, 131 7.1 Dynamical Systems Theory and Cognitive Science, 131 7.2 Dynamical Systems and Extended Cognition: General Patterns

of Argument, 134 7.3 Six Kinds ofDynamical-Systems-Based Model, 137 7.4 Evolution, Context-Dependence, and Epistemic Dependence, 149

8. The Experience of Extension and the Extension of Experience, 155 8.1 Cognitive Science and the In-Key Constraint, 155 8.2 The Phenomenology of Smooth Coping, 159 8.3 The Sense of One's Own Location, 164 8.4 Control-Based Arguments, 167 8.5 Control Simpliciter, 169 8.6 Extended Cognition and Extended Experience, 170

Part III: The Embedded and Embodied Mind

9. Embedded Cognition and Computation, 179 9.1 The Embedded Approach, 180 9.2 Computation, Implementation, and Explicitly Encoded Rules, 183 9.3 Computationalism in Principle and Computationalism in Practice, 187 9.4 Timing, Computationalism, and Dynamical Systems Theory, 188 9.5 Conclusion, 190

CONTENTS xiii

10. Embedded Cognition and Mental Representation, 193 10.1 What Is Special about Embedded Representations? 194

10.2 Atomic Affordance Representations, 201

10.3 Embedded Models and External Content, 204

10-4 Innate Representations and the Inf1exibility Objection, 209

10.5 Conclusion, 215

II. The Embodied View, 217

ILI Preliminaries: Where the Disagreement Is Not, 218

IL2 The Constraint Thesis, 226

IL3 The Content Thesis, 226

IL4 Vehicles, Realizers, and Apportioning Explanation, 231

1I.5 The Symbol-Grounding Problem, 236

12. Summary and Condusion, 241

References, 245 Index, 261

Contents

Acknowledgments víí Introductíon 3

PART ONE FLANDERS

I : The Artisanal World 31

PART TWO SOUTH GERMAN C1T1ES

2 : Artisanal Epistemology 59

3 : The Body of the Artisan 95

4 Artisanship, Alchemy, and a Vernacular Science of Matter 129

PART THREE THE DUTCH REPUBLIC

5 The Legacy of Paracelsus: Practitioners and New Philosophers 155

6 : The Institutionalization of the New Philosophy 183

Conclusíon: Toward a Hístory oj Vernacular Scíence 237

Notes 243 Bíblíography 315 Líst oJIllustratíons 347 Index 353

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Contents

Commerce and the Representation oj Nature

in Art and Science

PAMELA H. SMITH AND PAULA FINDLEN

c.diPaJtt:l STRUGGLlNG WITH REALITY

Visualizing Nature and Producing Knowledge

:I Splendor in the Grass

The Powers oj Nature and Art in the Age oj Diirer

LARRY SILVER AND PAMELA H. SMITH

2 Objects of ArtlObjects ofNature Visual Representation and the lnvestigation oj Nature

PAMELA O. LONG

J Mirroring the World Sea Charts, Navigation, and Territorial Claims

in Sixteenth-Century Spain

ALISON SANDMAN

q From Blowfish to Flower Stili Life Paintings

Classification and lts lmages, circa 1600

CLAUDIA SWAN

5 "Strange" Ideas and "English" Knowledge Natural Science Exchange in Elizabethan London

DEBORAH E. HARKNESS

v

lX

0ŠJ1Wl2 NETWORKS OF KNOWLEDGE

Commerce and the Representation oj Nature

ó Local Herbs, Global Medicines Commerce, Knowledge, and Commodities

in Spanish America

ANTONIO BARRERA

163

7 Merchants and Marvels 182

Hans Jacob Fugger and the Origins oj the Wunderkammer

MARK A. MEADOW

8 Practical Alchemy and Commercial Exchange

in the Holy Roman Empire

TARA E. NUMMEDAL

9 Time's Bodies

Crafting the Preparation and Preservation oj Naturalia

HAROLD J. COOK

ff) Cartography, Entrepreneurialism, and Power in the Reign of Louis XIV

The Case oj the Canal du Midi

CHANDRA MUKERJI

11 'Cornelius Meijer inventor et feciť On the Representation oj Science in Late

Seventeenth-Century Rome

KLAAS VAN BERKEL

0ŠJar/ J CONSUMPTION, ART, AND SCIENCE

Vl

12 Inventing Nature

Commerce, Art, and Science in the Early

Modem Cabinet oj Curiosities

PAULA FINDLEN

201

223

248

277

297

Contents

13 N ature as Art 32 4 The Case oj the Tulip

ANNE GOLDGAR

fil Inventing Exoticism 347 The Project oj Dutch Geography and the Marketing

oj the World, circa 1700

BENJAMIN SCHMIDT

15 Shopping for Instruments in Paris and London 370

JAMES A. BENNETT

EPILOGUES

A World ofWonders, A World ofOne 399 L1SSA ROBERTS

Questions of Representation 412

THOMAS DACOSTA KAUFMANN

Contributors

Index

Contents Vll

Contents

Acknowledgments lX

Introduction: "The Last Man Who Knew Everything . . . 1 or Did He?: Athanasius Kircher, S.J. (1602-80) and His World" PAULA FINDLEN

Section I: The Art of Being Kircher

1 "Kircher's Rome" 51 EUGENIO LO SARDO

2 "Reverie in Time of Plague: Athanasius Kircher and the 63 Plague Epidemie of 1656" MARTHA BALDWIN

3 "Kircher and His Critics: Censorial Practice and 79 Pragmatic Disregard in the Society of Jesus" HARALD SIEBERT

4 "'Quasi-Optieal Palingenesis': The Circulation of 105 Portraits and the Image of Kircher" ANGELA MAYER-DEUTSCH

Section II: The Sciences of Erudition

5 "Copts and Scholars: Athanasius Kircher in Peiresc's l33 Republic of Letters" PETER N. MILLER

6 "Pour Trees, Some Amulets, and the Seventy-two Names 149 of God: Kircher Reveals the Kabbalah" DANIEL STOLZENBERG

7 "Kircher's Chronology" ANTHONY GRAFTON

Section III: The Mysteries of Man and the Cosmos

8 "Athanasius Kircher, Giordano Bruno, and the Panspermia of the Infinite Universe" INGRID D. ROWLAND

171

191

vii

viii • Contents

9 "Father Athanasius on the Isthmus of a Middle State: 207 Understanding Kircher's Paleontology" STEPHEN JAY GOULD

10 "The Angel and the Compass: Athanasius Kircher's Magnetic Geography" MICHAEL JOHN GORMAN

Section IV: Communicating Knowledge

239

II "Magnetic Language: Athanasius Kircher 263 and Communication" HAUNSAUSSY

12 "Publishing the Polygraphy: Manuscript, Instrument, 283 and Print in the Work of Athanasius Kircher" NICK WILDlNG

13 "Private and Public Knowledge: Kircher, Esotericism, 297 and the Republic of Letters" NOEL MALCOLM

Section V: The Global Shape of Knowledge

14 "Baroque Science between the Old and the New World: 311 Father Kircher and His Colleague Valentin Stansel (162l-1705)" CARLO S ZILLER CAMENIETZKI

15 "A Jesuiťs Books in the NewWorld: Athanasius Kircher 329 and His American Readers" PAULA FlNDLEN

16 "True Lies: Athanasius Kircher's China illustrata 365 and the Life Story of a Mexican Mystic" J. MICHELLE MOLlNA

17 "Athanasius Kircher's China Illustrata (1667): 383 An Apologia Pro Vita Sua" FLORENCE HSIA

Epilogue: Understanding Kircher in Context 405 ANTONELLA ROMANO

Bibliography 421

Notes on Contributors 447

Index 451

Contents

Prologue vii

Acknowledgments xi

Introduction

1 The Power of Standards 17

2 Standardizing the World 77

3 From Standardization to Standardized Differentiation 151

4 Certified, Accredited, licensed, Approved 201

5 Standards, Ethics, and Justice 239

6 Standards and Democracy 269

Conclusions: Another Road to Serfdom? 289

Notes 311

References 321

Index 353

CONTENTS

Acknowledgments

.Two Representations ofthe Seven Oeadly Sins:Then and Now

I. Reckoning with Standards 3

Susan Leigh Star and Martha Lampland

• Standards Where You Least Expect Them 25

Padilla Case Changed a Lot in 5 Years: The Trial of the Onetime "Oirty Bomb"

Suspect Is Opening; An Alleged Jihad Form May Be Key 26

Penalty for Crossing an AI Qaeda Boss? A Nasty Memo 27

• Separate,Together 28

• Ellis Island 33

2. Beyond the Standard Human? 35

Steven Epstein

• The Range of Growth Parameters for Healthy Infants 55

• Portion Creep: Standards and Supersizing 56

• A Bulge in Misses 8? Oigital Scanners Resize America 58

• Investment Allocation by Age 63

xiii

ix

x • Contents

3. Age in Standards and Standards for Age: Institutionalizing Chronological Age as Biographical Necessity 65

Judith Treas

• Coffins Expand with Occupants 89 • Rebuilding Wall Street: Accountants, in a Reversal, Say Costs from the Attack

Aren't "Extraordinary" 91

4. Double Standards:The History of Standardizing Humans in Modern Life Insurance 95

Martin Lengwiler

• The Pernicious Accretion of Codes, Standards, and Dates: The Peaple af the Stote af Colifarnio v. Verne/! Gillord I 15

• Standards without Infrastructure I 18

5. Classifying Laborers: Instinct, Property, and the Psychology of Productivity in Hungary (1920-1956) 123

Martha Lampland

• EPA to Kill New Arsenic Standards:Whitman Cites Debate on Drinking Water Risk 143

• Arsenic and Water Don't Mix 146 • EPA Wants Review of Sulfur Standards: Whitman Postpones Clinton Rule

Requiring Clean-Burning Diesel Fuel 147

6. Metadata Standards:Trajectories and Enactment in the Life of an Ontology 149

Florence Millerand and Geoffrey C. Bowker

• Horse's Ass 167 • To Avoid Fuel Limits, Subaru Is Turning a Sedan into a Truck 169 • Flexibility Urged against Pollution 173 • US Walks Away from Treaty on Greenhouse Gases: White House Wants

Developing Nations to Meet Standards as Well I 75

7. ASCII Imperialism /77

Daniel Pargman and Jacob Palme

• Bananas, Eurocrats, and Modern Myths: Standards between

Power and Agreement 20/

• Chocolate Directive Now Agreed 204

• Standards Proliferate Even for (Seemingly) Simple Objects 206

Contents • xi

Appendix How to Unravel Standards: Teaching Infrastructure Studies 207

Martha Lampland and Susan Leigh Star

Refirences 2 / 5

Contríbutors 235

Index 237

Contents

I/lustrations vi

Acknowledgments ix

Introduction: Light, Vision, and Power

The Victorlan Eye: The Physiology, Sociology, and Spatiality of Vision, 1800-1900 22

2 Oligoptic Engineering: Light and the Victorian City 62

3 The Age of Inspectability: Vis ion, Space, and the Victorian City 99

4 The Government of Light: Gasworks, Gaslight, and Ph oto metry 135

5 Technologies of Illumination, 1870-1910 173

6 Securing Perception: Assembling Electricity Networks 214

Conclusion: Patterns of Perception 253

Notes 265 Bibliography 339 Index 365

Contents

Introduction: The Extended Mind in Focus 1

Richard Menary

2 The Extended Mind 27 Andy Clark and David J. Chalmers

3 Memento's Revenge: The Extended Mind, Extended 43 Andy Clark

4 Defending the Bounds of Cognition 67

Fred Adams and Ken Aizawa

5 Coupling, Constitution, and the Cognitive Kind: A Reply to Adams and Aizawa 81

Andy Clark

6 The Varieties of Externalism 101 Susan Hurley

7 The Alleged Coupling-Constitution Fallacy and the Mature Sciences 155

Don Ross and James Ladyman

8 Meaning Making and the Mind of the Externalist 167 Robert A. Wilson

9 Exograms and Interdisciplinarity: History, the Extended Mind, and the Civilizing Process 189 John Sutton

10 Cognitive Integration and the Extended Mind 227 Richard Menary

11 ln Defense of Extended Functionalism 245

Michael Wheeler

vííí Contents

12 Consciousness, Broadly Construed 271 Mark Rowlands

13 The Extended Infant: Utterance-Activity and Distributed Cognition 295 David Spurrett and Stephen Cowley

14 Representation in Extended Cognitive Systems: Does the Scaffolding of Language Extend the Mind? 325 Robert D. Rupert

15 The Extended Mind, the Concept of Beliet, and Epistemic Credit 355 John Preston

Contributors 371

Index 373

Contents

5 PREFACE

Richard Shone

7 INTRODUCTION

John-Paul Stonard

20 CHAPTER 1

Emile Male wrt relígieux du XlIIe siecZe en France: Etude sur l'iconographie du Moyen Age et sur ses sources d'inspiration, 1898

ALEXANDRA GAJEWSKI

30 CHAPTER 2

Bernard Berenson

The Drawings of the Florentine Painters Classified, Críticísed and Studied as Documents in the History and Apprecíation ofTuscan Art, with a Copious Catalogue Raisonné, 1903

CARMEN C. BAMBACH

4 2 CHAPTER 3

Heinrich WOlfflin Kunstgeschichtlíche Grundbegríffe: Das Problem der Stílentwicklung in der neueren Kunst, 1915

DAVID SUMMERS

54 CHAPTER 4

Roger Fry

Cézanne: A Study of His Development, 1927

RICHARD VERDI

66 CHAPTER 5

Nikolaus Pevsner Pioneers oj the Modern Movement Jrom William Morris

to Walter Gropius, 1936

COLIN AMERY

76 CHAPTER 6

Alfred H. Barr, Jr.

Matisse: His Art and His Public, 1951

JOHN ELDERFIELD

88 CHAPTER 7

Erwin Panofsky Early Netherlandish Painting: lts Origins and Character, 1953

SUSIE NASH

102 CHAPTER 8

Kenneth Clark

The Nude: A Study oj ldeal Art, 1956

JOHN-PAUL STONARD

116 CHAPTER 9

E.H. Gombrich Art and Illusion: A Study in the Psychology oj Pictorial Representation, 1960

CHRISTOPHER S. WOOD

128 CHAPTER 10

Clement Greenberg Art and Culture: Critical Essays, 1961

BORIS GROYS

140 CHAPTER 11

Francis Haskell

Patrons and Painters: A Study in the Relations Between ltalian Art and Society in the Age oj the Baroque, 1963

LOUlSE RICE

150 CHAPTER 12

Michael Baxandall

Painting and Experience in Fifteenth Century Italy: A Primer in the Social History oj Pictorial Style, 1972

PAUL HILLS

164 CHAPTER 13

T.J. Clark

Image oj the People: Gustave Courbet and the 1848 Revolution, 1973

ALASTAIR WRIGHT

176 CHAPTER 14

Svetlana Alpers

The Art oj Describing: Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century, 1983

MARIĚT WESTERMANN

190 CHAPTER 15

Rosalind Krauss

The Originality oj the Avant Garde and Other Modernist Myths, 1985

ANNA LOVATT

202 CHAPTER 16

Hans Belting

Bild und Kult: Eine Geschichte des Bildes vor dem Zeitalter

der Kunst, 1990

JEFFREY HAMBURGER

216 NOTES

231 BIBLlOGRAPHICAL ESSAYS

258 AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES

260 CREDlTS

261 INDEX

Contents

Prefaee to the Ameriean edition VII

Prefaee to the German edition IX

Translator's Note X

Introduction by Anthony T. Grafton XI

THE QUESTlON OF MOVEMENT Sculpture and Maehine Natural History Void of Time 7

THE HISTORICAL CHAIN Natural Formations and Aneient Sculpture 11 The Collector as Prometheus 19 Quiecheberg's Theory 28 The Habsburg Practice 30

RESEARCH AND VISION From Kepler to Locke 37 Movement and Magie 46 Laboratory 51 Utopia 57

THE PLAYFULNESS OF NATURAL HISTORY Francis Bacon's Definition of the Kunstkammer 63 Resting, Erring, and Constrained Nature 65 Creation as a Game 67 The Kunstkammer as a Playroom 69

TWINS OF PROGRESS Utility 81 Soeialization 86 The Villa Albani 92 Winekelmann and Piranesi 93

AFTERWORD ON THE PRESENT Foucaulťs Image in the Sand 109 Turning's "tape" 111

Notes 115

Index of Names 139

Contents

Editors' Preface .......................................................................................... v

Contents ...................................................................................................... VII

Helmar Schramm lntroduction: The Hand as "instrumentum instrumentorum" ..................... XI

Hans-J6rg Rheinberger Intersections: Some Thoughts on Instruments and Objects in the Experimental Context of the Life Sciences ............................................... .

Dieter Mersch Representation and Distortion: On the Construction of Rationality and lrrationality in Early Modem Modes of Representation ...................... 20

OlaJ Breidbach World Orders and Corporal Worlds: Robert Fludďs Tableau of Knowing and its Representation ................................................................. 38

Florian Nelle Telescope, Theater, and the lnstrumental Revelation ofNew Worlds ........................................................................................... 62

Frank Fehrenbach The Pathos ofFunction: Leonardo's Technical Drawings ......................... 78

Nicola Suthor "II pennello artificioso": On the lntelligence ofthe Brushstroke ............... 106

Barbara Maria StafJord The Enlightenment "Catholization" ofProjective Technology: Theurgy and the Media Origins of Art ....................................................... 127

Jan Lazardzig The Machine as Spectacle: Function and Admiration in Seventeenth-Century Perspectives on Machines ............................................................. 152

VIII Contents

Ludger Schwarte The Anatomy ofthe Brain as Instrumentalization ofReason .................... 176

Gerald Hartung The "Chymistry Laboratory": On the Function ofthe Experiment in Seventeenth-Century Scientific Discourse ................................................. 201

Gerhard Wiesenfeldt The Order of Knowledge, oflnstruments, and of Leiden University, ca. 1700 ....................................................................................................... 222

Angela Mayer-Deutsch The Ideal Musaeum Kircherianum and the 19natian Exercitia spiritualia .................................................................................... 235

Conny Restle Organology: The Study ofMusical Instruments in the 1 i h Century ......... 257

Andreas Meyer In Sound Similar to the Harps: Early Descriptions of African Musical Instruments ................................................................................... 269

H. Duo Sibum Machines, Bats, and Scholars: Experimental Knowledge in the Late Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries ......................................................... 280

Peter GalisonlLorraine Daston Scientific Coordination as Ethos and Epistemology .................................. 296

Stefan Ditzen Breaking, Grinding, Buming: Instrumental Aspects in Early Microscopical Pictures ............................................................................... 334

Jochen Hennig The Instrument in the Image: Revealing and Concealing the Condition ofthe Probing Tip in Scanning Tunneling Microscopic Image Design ..... 348

Bruno Bachimont Formal Signs and Numerical Computation: Between Intuitionism and Formalism. Critique ofComputational Reason ................................... 362

Don Ihde Art Precedes Science: or Did the Camera Obscura Invent Modem Science? ...................................................................................................... 383

Thomas F. Gieryn Instrumentalities of Place in Science and Art ............................................. 394

Contents IX

Georges Didi-Huberman The Eye Opens, the Lamp Goes Out: Remarks on Bergson and Cinematography ......................................................................................... 421

Martin Burckhardt The I1lusion ofPower: Central Bank Money ............................................. 437

Sybille Kramer The Productivity of Blanks: On the Mathematical Zero and the Vanishing Point in Central Perspective. Remarks on the Convergences between Science and Art in the Early Modem Period ............................... 457

Jorg Jochen Berns Instrumental Sound and Ruling Spaces ofResonance in the Early Modem Period: On the Acoustic Setting ofthe Princely potestas Claims within a Ceremonial Frame ............................................................ 479

About the Authors ...................................................................................... 507

Image Credits .............................................................................................. 515

Bibliography ............................................................................................... 517

Index ofNames ........................................................................................... 555

Index of Subjects ........................................................................................ 563

Obsah

Slovo úvodem (Sylva Fischerová) ................................. 7

Úvodní studie (Sylva Fischerová) ................................. 15 1. Corpus Hippocraticum a řecké lékařství a filosofie ......... 17

Ll. Corpus Hippocraticum - charakteristika souboru ...... 17 1.2. Výkon lékařského povolání v Řecku ................... 21

1.2.a. Lékařství jako techné ................................. 22 1.2.b. Osoba lékaře .......................................... 34 1.2.c. Způsoby léčby ......................................... 46

1.3. Vztah filosofie a lékařství ................................ 65 2. Hippokratés Asklépiovec: řecké lékařství

a Asklépiův kult ................................................. 84 2.1. Hippokratés a Asklépios: život a legenda ................ 84 2.2. Asklépios jakožto hérós a bůh: pokus o interpretaci ..... 92 2.3. Chrámová medicína ........................................ 103 2.4. Světská a posvátná medicína - symbióza? .............. 112

3. Corpus Hippocraticum - textová tradice ..................... 117 3.1. Původ sbírky CH, proces ustavování textové

tradice ....................................................... 117 3.2. Renesanční a novověká vydání, neohippokratismus ... 135 3.3. Přehled nejdůležitějších rukopisů ....................... 144

Hippokratés

Přísaha (Sylva Fischerová) ........................................ 147 O lékaři (Julie Černá) ............................................... 219 O dobrém vystupování (Julie Černá) .............................. 257 O umění (Jiří Klouda) .............................................. 289 O starém lékařství (Jaroslav Daneš) ............................... 345 O životosprávě I (Hynek Bartoš) .................................. 415

Seznam spisů Corpus Hippocraticum ............................. 539 Seznam zkratek .................................................... 545 Seznam pramenů .................................................... 546 Seznam literatury ................................................... 555 Encyklopedie a lexika .............................................. 580 Jmenný rejstřík .................................................... 581 Rejstřík citovaných míst ........................................... 590 Ediční poznámka .................................................... 603 Resumé .............................................................. 604

Preface

Abbreviations

Contents

Part One An Introduction to Memory

1 Historicizing Memory

2 Theorizing Recollection

Part Two The Ambiguities of Reminiscence: Two Nineteenth-Century Representations

3 The Mnemonics of Musseťs Confession

4 Baudelaire' s "Le Cygne": Memory, History, and the Sign

Part Three The Vicissitudes of Recollection: Two Twentieth-Century Theories

5 Hypermnesia-Memory in Proust: I. Determinations

6 Hypermnesia-Memory in Proust: II. Displacements

vii

xiii

3

33

75

106

vi

7 Mnemo-Analysis-Memory in Freud: I. Maieutics

8 Mnemo-Analysis-Memory in Freud: II. Hermeneutics

Conclusion: Reading Memory

Works Cited

Index

Contents

240

28g

344

361

379

CONTENTS

Foreword x

Preface Xli

Introduction: Artisanal Values and the Investigation

ofNarure I

CHAPTER 1. Artisan/Practitioners as an Issue in the History

of Science 10

CHAPTER 2. Art, Nature, and the Culture of Empiricism 30

CHAPTER 3. Artisans, Humanists, and the De architectura of

Vitruvius 62

CHAPTER 4. Trading Zones: Arenas of Production and

Exchange 94

CONCLUS10N. Empirical Values in a Transitional Age 127

Notes 132

Bibliography 166

Index 190

ILLUSTRATIONS

LI. Painting of Edgar Zilsel 14

2.1. Robert Boyle's air pump 36

2.2. Bernard Palissy or follower, earthenware dish with

decorations 36

2.3. Giuseppe Arcimboldo, fi.re allegory 38

2+ Francesco Colonna, Hypnertomachia Poliphili. Poliphilo is lost in

a dark wood 40

2.5. Francesco di Giorgio, Trattato I. Mills 42

2.6. Francesco di Giorgio, Trattato I. Mills. Detail 43

2.7. Francesco di Giorgio, Trattato II. Overshot mill 45

2.8. Leonardo da Vinci, "Of Pinions and Wheels" 49

2.9. Andreas Vesalius, De humani co rp o ris fabrica libri septem.

Torso 51

2.10. The Belvedere Torso 51

2.II. Sebastiano Serlio, Regole generali di architectura.

Elements of the Doric order 54

2.12. Andreas Vesalius, De humani corporis fabrica libri septem.

Collection ofbones 55

2.13. Andreas Vesalius, De humani co rp o ris fabrica libri septem.

Portrait of author dissecting a hand 57

2.14. Andreas Vesalius, De humani corporis fabrica libri septem.

Humerus bone split lengthwise 58

3.1. Vitruvius, De architectura libri dece. Humans building the hrst

shelters 65

3.2. Florence, Santa Maria del Fiore (the Duomo) 68

3.3. Matteo di Andrea de' Pasti, medal with portrait of

Leon Battista Alberti 70

3.4. Lorenzo Ghiberti, panel from baptistery door, story of

Jacob and Esau 75

3.5. Lorenzo Ghiberti, self-portrait, from baptistery door 75

3.6. Antonio Averlino called Filarete, from Treatise on

Architecture 79

3.7. Giovanni Giocondo, ed., M fitruvius per locundum solito

castigatior factus cum figures et tabula ut iam legi et intelligi posit.

Illustration on building harbors and other structures in

water 86

3.8. Vitruvius, De architectura libri dece. Allegory ofCesare

Cesariano's life 89

3.9. Vitruvius, De architectura libri dece. Machines for lifting 90

4·1. Innsbruck Zeughaus 97

4.2. Spanish galleon 99

4.3. Jacopo de' Barbari, perspective pIan ofVenice 102

4-4. Venetian arsenal 102

4.5. Coat of arms ofMichael ofRhodes 104

4.6. Diagrams for measuring out the bow and stem of a light

galley 105

4.7. Piston pumps for removing water from a mine driven byan

overshot waterwheel 109

4.8. Making the barrel and bore of a gun II2

4.9. Leonardo Bufalini and his surveying instruments II5

4.10. Portrait of Domenico Fontana holding an obelisk and

displaying a gold chain II7

4.11. Moving the Vatican obelisk II8

4.12. Daniele Barbaro, 1he Measurements oj Architecture 122

4.13. Cipriano Piccolpasso, Li tre libri dell'arte del vasaio ... del

Cipriano Piccolpassi. Preparing colors by pounding them in

mortars 123

Obsah

Předmluva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1. Vysvětlení značení

§ 1. Písmena a jiné znaky ............................ 13

Soud § 2. Posouditelnost obsahu. Obsahová čárka. Čárka sou-

du .............................................. 13 § 3. Subjekt a predikát. Pojmový obsah .............. 14 § 4. Obecné, zvláštní; záporné; kategorické, hypote­

tické, disjunktivní; apodiktické, asertorické, proble­matické soudy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16

Podmíněnost

§ 5. Když. Podmínková čárka ........................ 17 § 6. Úsudek. Aristotelovské způsoby úsudků.. . . .. .. .. 20

Popření

§ 7. Popírací čárka. Nebo, buď - nebo, a, ale, a ne, ani -ani.............................................. 23

Rovnost obsahu § 8. Nutnost znaku pro rovnost obsahu, zavedení tako-

vého znaku ...................................... 28

Funkce § 9. Vysvětlení slov "funkce" a "argument". Funkce více

argumentů. Argumentová místa. Subjekt, objekt. 29 § 10. Použití písmen jako znaků pro funkce. "A má

vlastnost <P." "B se nachází v \[I-vztahu k A." "B je výsledek použití postupu <P na předmět A." Znak pro funkci jako argument ........................ 32

Obecnost § 11. Německá písmena. Důlek v obsahové čárce.

Nahraditelnost německých písmen. Oblast ně-

meckých písmen. Latinská písmena .............. 33 § 12. Existují nějaké věci, které ne - . Neexistuje žád­

ný - . Existují nějaké - . Každý. Vše. Příčinné sou­vislosti. Žádný. Některé ne. Je možné, že - . Ta-bulka logických protikladů ....................... 37

II. Zápis a odvození některých soudů čistého myšlení

§ 13. Užitečnost odvozovacích způsobů výkladu ....... 41 § 14. První dva základní zákony podmíněnosti ........ 42 § 15. Jejich důsledky.................................. 46 § 16. Třetí základní zákon podmíněnosti a důsledky... 59 § 17. První základní zákon popření a důsledky ........ 75 § 18. Druhý základní zákon popření a důsledky........ 77 § 19. Třetí základní zákon popření a důsledky. . .. . .... 83 § 20. První základní zákon rovnosti obsahu a důsledky 89 § 21. Druhý základní zákon rovnosti obsahu a důsledky 89 § 22. Základní zákon obecnosti a důsledky ............ 91

III. Něco z obecné nauky o řadách

§ 23. Úvodní poznámky ............................... 99 § 24. Dědičnost. Zdvojení čárky soudu. Malá řecká pís-

mena ............................................ 99 § 25. Důsledky........................................ 105 § 26. Následování po sobě v řadě. . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . .... 109 § 27. Důsledky........................................ 113 § 28. Další důsledky .................................. 125 § 29. "z náleží f-řadě začínající x". Vysvětlení a důsledky 131 § 30. Další důsledky .................................. 135 § 31. Jednoznačnost postupu. Vysvětlení a důsledky. .. 143

Komentář (Jiří Fiala) .................................. 167 Dodatek - Sylogismy (Jiří Fiala) ....................... 185 Ediční poznámka ...................................... 191 Summary .............................................. 194

Contents

Use~'s Manual X11l

Materialities/The N onhermeneuticlPresence:

An Anecdotal Account of Epistemological Shifts

Metaphysics:

A Brief Prehistory ofWhat Is Now Changing 21

Beyond Meaning:

Positions and Concepts in Motion 51

Epiphany/Presentification/Deixis:

Futures for the Humanities and Arts 91

To Be Quiet for a Moment:

Abour Redemption 133

Notes 155

Index 173

Contents

Translator's Preface Vll

Translator's lntroduction IX

lntroduction to the New Edition Bring the Noise: The Parasite and the Multiple Genealogies of Posthumanism Cary Wolfe Xl

I. Interrupted Meals Logics

Rats' Meals Satyrs' Meals Diminishing Returns

Cas,cades Host/Guest

The Obscure and the Confused

Decisions, lndecisions The Excluded Third, lncluded

The Lion's Share The Simple Arrow Athlete's Meals Difference and the

Construction of the Real Picaresques and Cybernetics The New Balance

Pentecost

ll. More Interrupted Meals

Rats' Dinner

More Rats' Meals

Lunar Meals

1échniqu~ Work

Diode, Triode Logic of the Fuzzy

The Master and the Counter-Master

Machines and Engines The Means, the Milieu

Spaces of Transformation

Meals of the Lord in Paradise

3 15

17

22 26

28 34 40

51 56

58 61 66 71 74 77

Work Insects' Meals

Energy, Information The Gods, the Perpetual Host

Interlude Full-Length Portrait oj the Parasite

86 91 94 98

Confessed Meals 103 Jean-Jacques, Lawmaker'sJudge 116 Noises 121 Music 129

III. Fat Cows and Lean Cows Economy Salad Meals Stercoral Origin of

Property Rights 139 Meals of Satire Exchange of Money,

the Exact and the Fuzzy 147 Meals among Brothers Theory of the Joker 155 Meals of Chestnuts The Sun and the Sign 165 The Cows Come out of the River Stocks 175 Cows Eat Cows Theory of the Line 182

The Best Definition 190 Of Sickness in General 197

IV. Midnight Suppers Society

Impostors' Meals Analyze, Paralyze, Catalyze 201

The Proper Name of the Host Masters and Slaves 209

Theory of the Quasi-Object 224 The Empty Tab1e On Love 235 The Devil On Love 246

The Worst Definition 252

Stories, Anima1s 255

Archival Media Theory: An Introduction to Wolfgang Ernsťs

Media Archaeology Jussi Parikka / 1

Media Archaeology as a Transatlantic Bridge / 23

1 Let There Be Irony: Cultural History and Media Archaeology in

Paral1el Lines / 37

2 Media Archaeography: Method and Machine versus the History

and Narrative ofMedia / ss

3 Underway to the Dual System: Classical Archives and

Digital Memory / 81

4 Archives in Transition: Dynamic Media Memories / 95

S Between Real Time and Memory on Demand: Reflections

on Television / 102

6 Discontinuities: Does the Archive Become Metaphorical in

Multimedia Space? / 113

7 Telling versus Counting: A Media-Archaeological Point

ofView / 147

8 Distory: One Hundred Years ofElectron Tubes, Media­

Archaeologically Interpreted, vis-a-vis One Hundred

Years ofRadio / 158

9 Toward a Media Archaeology of Sonic Articulations / 172

10 Experimenting with Media Temporality: Pythagoras,

Hertz, Turing / 184

Appendix. Archive Rumblings: An Interviewwith Wolfgang Ernst

Geert Lovink / 193

Acknowledgments / 205

Notes / 207

Publication History / 245

Index / 247

Contents

3 Metamorphosis

33 Potential

67 Knowledge

111 Vertigo

Tahle of Contents

Introduction by]ean-Yves Chateau 7 The Challenge for Psychology. .......................................... 07

The Ethical and Religious Challenge of the Problem ........ ll

The History ofIdeas and its Dialectic of the Whole .......... l3

Animal and Man in Light of

the Ontogenesis of the Vital and the Psychical... .............. 22

First Lesson 31 Antiquity. ......................................................................... 32

Pythagoras ....................................................................... 32

Anaxagoras ...................................................................... 3 6

Socrates ....................................................................... .36

Plato .......................................................................... 38

Aristotle ........................................................................... 42

The Stoics ........................................................................ 52

Conclusion of the First Lesson ........................................... 55

Second Lesson 57 Problems and Challenges ................................................. 57

The Apologists ................................................................. 62

Saint Augustine ................................................................ 64

Saint Thomas ................................................................... 65

Giordano Bruno ............................................................... 66

Saint Francis of Assisi ....................................................... 68

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